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+/* Copyright 2021 Luca Fedeli
+ *
+ * This file is part of WarpX.
+ *
+ * License: BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
+ */
+
+#ifndef WARPX_MSG_LOGGER_SERIALIZATION_H_
+#define WARPX_MSG_LOGGER_SERIALIZATION_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Utils{
+namespace MsgLogger{
+
+ /**
+ * This function transforms a variable of type T into a vector of chars holding its
+ * byte representation and it appends this vector at the end of an
+ * existing vector of chars. T must be either a trivially copyable type or an std::string
+ * (see specialization)
+ *
+ * @tparam T the variable type
+ * @param[in] val a variable of type T to be serialized
+ * @param[in, out] vec a reference to the vector to which the byte representation of val is appended
+ */
+ template <typename T>
+ void put_in(const T& val, std::vector<char>& vec)
+ {
+ static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable<T>(),
+ "Cannot serialize non-trivally copyable types, except std::string.");
+
+ const auto* ptr_val = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val);
+ vec.insert(vec.end(), ptr_val, ptr_val+sizeof(T));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This function transforms a string into a vector of chars holding its
+ * byte representation and it appends this vector at the end of an
+ * existing vector of chars (specialization of put_in<T>).
+ *
+ * @param[in] val a std::string to be serialized
+ * @param[in, out] vec a reference to the vector to which the byte representation of val is appended
+ */
+ template <>
+ inline void put_in<std::string> (const std::string& val, std::vector<char>& vec)
+ {
+ const char* c_str = val.c_str();
+ const auto length = static_cast<int>(val.size());
+
+ put_in(length, vec);
+ vec.insert(vec.end(), c_str, c_str+length);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This function transforms an std::vector<T> into a vector of chars holding its
+ * byte representation and it appends this vector at the end of an
+ * existing vector of chars. T must be either a trivially copyable type or an std::string.
+ * A specialization exists in case val is a vector of chars.
+ *
+ * @tparam T the variable type
+ * @param[in] val a variable of type T to be serialized
+ * @param[in, out] vec a reference to the vector to which the byte representation of val is appended
+ */
+ template <typename T>
+ inline void put_in_vec (const std::vector<T>& val, std::vector<char>& vec)
+ {
+ static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable<T>() || std::is_same<T,std::string>(),
+ "Cannot serialize vectors of non-trivally copyable types"
+ ", except vectors of std::string.");
+
+ put_in(static_cast<int>(val.size()), vec);
+ for (const auto& el : val)
+ put_in(el, vec);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This function transforms an std::vector<char> into a vector of chars holding its
+ * byte representation and it appends this vector at the end of an
+ * existing vector of chars (specialization of put_in_vec<T>).
+ *
+ * @tparam T the variable type
+ * @param[in] val a variable of type T to be serialized
+ * @param[in, out] vec a reference to the vector to which the byte representation of val is appended
+ */
+ template <>
+ inline void put_in_vec <char> (const std::vector<char>& val, std::vector<char>& vec)
+ {
+ put_in(static_cast<int>(val.size()), vec);
+ vec.insert(vec.end(), val.begin(), val.end());
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This function extracts a variable of type T from a byte vector, at the position
+ * given by a std::vector<char> iterator. The iterator is then advanced according to
+ * the number of bytes read from the byte vector. T must be either a trivially copyable type
+ * or an std::string (see specialization below).
+ *
+ * @tparam T the variable type (must be trivially copyable)
+ * @param[in, out] it the iterator to a byte vector
+ * @return the variable extracted from the byte array
+ */
+ template<typename T>
+ T get_out(std::vector<char>::const_iterator& it)
+ {
+ static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable<T>(),
+ "Cannot extract non-trivally copyable types from char vectors,"
+ " with the exception of std::string.");
+
+ auto temp = std::array<char, sizeof(T)>{};
+ std::copy(it, it + sizeof(T), temp.begin());
+ it += sizeof(T);
+ T res;
+ std::memcpy(&res, temp.data(), sizeof(T));
+
+ return res;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This function extracts an std::string from a byte vector, at the position
+ * given by a std::vector<char> iterator. The iterator is then advanced according to
+ * the number of bytes read from the byte vector. This is a specialization of
+ * get_out<T>
+ *
+ * @param[in, out] it the iterator to a byte vector
+ * @return the std::string extracted from the byte array
+ */
+ template<>
+ inline std::string get_out<std::string> (std::vector<char>::const_iterator& it)
+ {
+ const auto length = get_out<int> (it);
+ const auto str = std::string{it, it+length};
+ it += length;
+
+ return str;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This function extracts an std::vector<T> from a byte vector, at the position
+ * given by a std::vector<char> iterator. The iterator is then advanced according to
+ * the number of bytes read from the byte vector. T must be either a trivially copyable type
+ * or an std::string.
+ *
+ * @tparam T the variable type (must be trivially copyable)
+ * @param[in, out] it the iterator to a byte vector
+ * @return the variable extracted from the byte array
+ */
+ template<typename T>
+ inline std::vector<T> get_out_vec (std::vector<char>::const_iterator& it)
+ {
+ static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable<T>() || std::is_same<T,std::string>(),
+ "Cannot extract non-trivally copyable types from char vectors,"
+ " with the exception of std::string.");
+
+ const auto length = get_out<int> (it);
+ std::vector<T> res(length);
+ for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
+ res[i] = get_out<T>(it);
+
+ return res;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This function extracts an std::vector<char> from a byte vector, at the position
+ * given by a std::vector<char> iterator. The iterator is then advanced according to
+ * the number of bytes read from the byte vector. This is a specialization of get_out_vec<T>.
+ *
+ * @param[in, out] it the iterator to a byte vector
+ * @return the variable extracted from the byte array
+ */
+ template<>
+ inline std::vector<char> get_out_vec<char> (std::vector<char>::const_iterator& it)
+ {
+ const auto length = get_out<int> (it);
+ std::vector<char> res(length);
+ std::copy(it, it+length, res.begin());
+ it += length;
+
+ return res;
+ }
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif //WARPX_MSG_LOGGER_SERIALIZATION_H_