refactor: build pipeline (#8088)

* refactor: build pipeline

* refactor: build pipeline

* fix: manifest not extensible and correct directory for renderers.mjs

* fix: correctly resolve output directory

* fix: correctly compute encoding and body

* chore: update documentation

* refactor: change how tests are run

* refactor: fix test regressions!!

15 files changed, 689 insertions, 400 deletions

diff --git a/packages/astro/src/cli/add/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/cli/add/index.ts
index f09d74a08..fcaeb07c7 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/cli/add/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/cli/add/index.ts
@@ -703,6 +703,7 @@ async function tryToInstallIntegrations({
 			} catch (err) {
 				spinner.fail();
 				debug('add', 'Error installing dependencies', err);
+				// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
 				console.error('\n', (err as any).stdout, '\n');
 				return UpdateResult.failure;
 			}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/app/ssrPipeline.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/app/ssrPipeline.ts
index cdb95ff7c..5f135e42d 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/app/ssrPipeline.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/app/ssrPipeline.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export class EndpointNotFoundError extends Error {
 }
 
 export class SSRRoutePipeline extends Pipeline {
-	encoder = new TextEncoder();
+	#encoder = new TextEncoder();
 
 	constructor(env: Environment) {
 		super(env);
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export class SSRRoutePipeline extends Pipeline {
 				headers.set('Content-Type', 'text/plain;charset=utf-8');
 			}
 			const bytes =
-				response.encoding !== 'binary' ? this.encoder.encode(response.body) : response.body;
+				response.encoding !== 'binary' ? this.#encoder.encode(response.body) : response.body;
 			headers.set('Content-Length', bytes.byteLength.toString());
 
 			const newResponse = new Response(bytes, {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/buildPipeline.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/buildPipeline.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ebf48a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/buildPipeline.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+import { Pipeline } from '../pipeline.js';
+import type { BuildInternals } from './internal';
+import type { PageBuildData, StaticBuildOptions } from './types';
+import { ASTRO_PAGE_RESOLVED_MODULE_ID } from './plugins/plugin-pages.js';
+import { RESOLVED_SPLIT_MODULE_ID } from './plugins/plugin-ssr.js';
+import { ASTRO_PAGE_EXTENSION_POST_PATTERN } from './plugins/util.js';
+import type { SSRManifest } from '../app/types';
+import type { AstroConfig, AstroSettings, RouteType, SSRLoadedRenderer } from '../../@types/astro';
+import { getOutputDirectory, isServerLikeOutput } from '../../prerender/utils.js';
+import type { EndpointCallResult } from '../endpoint';
+import { createEnvironment } from '../render/index.js';
+import { BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID } from '../../vite-plugin-scripts/index.js';
+import { createAssetLink } from '../render/ssr-element.js';
+import type { BufferEncoding } from 'vfile';
+
+/**
+ * This pipeline is responsible to gather the files emitted by the SSR build and generate the pages by executing these files.
+ */
+export class BuildPipeline extends Pipeline {
+	#internals: BuildInternals;
+	#staticBuildOptions: StaticBuildOptions;
+	#manifest: SSRManifest;
+	#currentEndpointBody?: {
+		body: string | Uint8Array;
+		encoding: BufferEncoding;
+	};
+
+	constructor(
+		staticBuildOptions: StaticBuildOptions,
+		internals: BuildInternals,
+		manifest: SSRManifest
+	) {
+		const ssr = isServerLikeOutput(staticBuildOptions.settings.config);
+		super(
+			createEnvironment({
+				adapterName: manifest.adapterName,
+				logging: staticBuildOptions.logging,
+				mode: staticBuildOptions.mode,
+				renderers: manifest.renderers,
+				clientDirectives: manifest.clientDirectives,
+				compressHTML: manifest.compressHTML,
+				async resolve(specifier: string) {
+					const hashedFilePath = manifest.entryModules[specifier];
+					if (typeof hashedFilePath !== 'string') {
+						// If no "astro:scripts/before-hydration.js" script exists in the build,
+						// then we can assume that no before-hydration scripts are needed.
+						if (specifier === BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID) {
+							return '';
+						}
+						throw new Error(`Cannot find the built path for ${specifier}`);
+					}
+					return createAssetLink(hashedFilePath, manifest.base, manifest.assetsPrefix);
+				},
+				routeCache: staticBuildOptions.routeCache,
+				site: manifest.site,
+				ssr,
+				streaming: true,
+			})
+		);
+		this.#internals = internals;
+		this.#staticBuildOptions = staticBuildOptions;
+		this.#manifest = manifest;
+		this.setEndpointHandler(this.#handleEndpointResult);
+	}
+
+	getInternals(): Readonly<BuildInternals> {
+		return this.#internals;
+	}
+
+	getSettings(): Readonly<AstroSettings> {
+		return this.#staticBuildOptions.settings;
+	}
+
+	getStaticBuildOptions(): Readonly<StaticBuildOptions> {
+		return this.#staticBuildOptions;
+	}
+
+	getConfig(): AstroConfig {
+		return this.#staticBuildOptions.settings.config;
+	}
+
+	getManifest(): SSRManifest {
+		return this.#manifest;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The SSR build emits two important files:
+	 * - dist/server/manifest.mjs
+	 * - dist/renderers.mjs
+	 *
+	 * These two files, put together, will be used to generate the pages.
+	 *
+	 * ## Errors
+	 *
+	 * It will throw errors if the previous files can't be found in the file system.
+	 *
+	 * @param staticBuildOptions
+	 */
+	static async retrieveManifest(
+		staticBuildOptions: StaticBuildOptions,
+		internals: BuildInternals
+	): Promise<SSRManifest> {
+		const config = staticBuildOptions.settings.config;
+		const baseDirectory = getOutputDirectory(config);
+		const manifestEntryUrl = new URL(
+			`${internals.manifestFileName}?time=${Date.now()}`,
+			baseDirectory
+		);
+		const { manifest } = await import(manifestEntryUrl.toString());
+		if (!manifest) {
+			throw new Error(
+				"Astro couldn't find the emitted manifest. This is an internal error, please file an issue."
+			);
+		}
+
+		const renderersEntryUrl = new URL(`renderers.mjs?time=${Date.now()}`, baseDirectory);
+		const renderers = await import(renderersEntryUrl.toString());
+		if (!renderers) {
+			throw new Error(
+				"Astro couldn't find the emitted renderers. This is an internal error, please file an issue."
+			);
+		}
+		return {
+			...manifest,
+			renderers: renderers.renderers as SSRLoadedRenderer[],
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * It collects the routes to generate during the build.
+	 *
+	 * It returns a map of page information and their relative entry point as a string.
+	 */
+	retrieveRoutesToGenerate(): Map<PageBuildData, string> {
+		const pages = new Map<PageBuildData, string>();
+
+		for (const [entryPoint, filePath] of this.#internals.entrySpecifierToBundleMap) {
+			// virtual pages can be emitted with different prefixes:
+			// - the classic way are pages emitted with prefix ASTRO_PAGE_RESOLVED_MODULE_ID -> plugin-pages
+			// - pages emitted using `build.split`, in this case pages are emitted with prefix RESOLVED_SPLIT_MODULE_ID
+			if (
+				entryPoint.includes(ASTRO_PAGE_RESOLVED_MODULE_ID) ||
+				entryPoint.includes(RESOLVED_SPLIT_MODULE_ID)
+			) {
+				const [, pageName] = entryPoint.split(':');
+				const pageData = this.#internals.pagesByComponent.get(
+					`${pageName.replace(ASTRO_PAGE_EXTENSION_POST_PATTERN, '.')}`
+				);
+				if (!pageData) {
+					throw new Error(
+						"Build failed. Astro couldn't find the emitted page from " + pageName + ' pattern'
+					);
+				}
+
+				pages.set(pageData, filePath);
+			}
+		}
+		for (const [path, pageData] of this.#internals.pagesByComponent.entries()) {
+			if (pageData.route.type === 'redirect') {
+				pages.set(pageData, path);
+			}
+		}
+		return pages;
+	}
+
+	async #handleEndpointResult(request: Request, response: EndpointCallResult): Promise<Response> {
+		if (response.type === 'response') {
+			if (!response.response.body) {
+				return new Response(null);
+			}
+			const ab = await response.response.arrayBuffer();
+			const body = new Uint8Array(ab);
+			this.#currentEndpointBody = {
+				body: body,
+				encoding: 'utf-8',
+			};
+			return response.response;
+		} else {
+			if (response.encoding) {
+				this.#currentEndpointBody = {
+					body: response.body,
+					encoding: response.encoding,
+				};
+				const headers = new Headers();
+				headers.set('X-Astro-Encoding', response.encoding);
+				return new Response(response.body, {
+					headers,
+				});
+			} else {
+				return new Response(response.body);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	async computeBodyAndEncoding(
+		routeType: RouteType,
+		response: Response
+	): Promise<{
+		body: string | Uint8Array;
+		encoding: BufferEncoding;
+	}> {
+		const encoding = response.headers.get('X-Astro-Encoding') ?? 'utf-8';
+		if (this.#currentEndpointBody) {
+			const currentEndpointBody = this.#currentEndpointBody;
+			this.#currentEndpointBody = undefined;
+			return currentEndpointBody;
+		} else {
+			return { body: await response.text(), encoding: encoding as BufferEncoding };
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/generate.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/generate.ts
index c99a8881b..00be46ea9 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/generate.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/generate.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import type {
 	ComponentInstance,
 	GetStaticPathsItem,
 	ImageTransform,
-	MiddlewareHandler,
+	MiddlewareEndpointHandler,
 	RouteData,
 	RouteType,
 	SSRError,
@@ -20,12 +20,7 @@ import {
 	generateImage as generateImageInternal,
 	getStaticImageList,
 } from '../../assets/generate.js';
-import {
-	eachPageDataFromEntryPoint,
-	eachRedirectPageData,
-	hasPrerenderedPages,
-	type BuildInternals,
-} from '../../core/build/internal.js';
+import { hasPrerenderedPages, type BuildInternals } from '../../core/build/internal.js';
 import {
 	isRelativePath,
 	joinPaths,
@@ -34,13 +29,12 @@ import {
 	removeTrailingForwardSlash,
 } from '../../core/path.js';
 import { runHookBuildGenerated } from '../../integrations/index.js';
-import { isServerLikeOutput } from '../../prerender/utils.js';
-import { BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID, PAGE_SCRIPT_ID } from '../../vite-plugin-scripts/index.js';
+import { getOutputDirectory, isServerLikeOutput } from '../../prerender/utils.js';
+import { PAGE_SCRIPT_ID } from '../../vite-plugin-scripts/index.js';
 import { AstroError, AstroErrorData } from '../errors/index.js';
-import { debug, info } from '../logger/core.js';
+import { debug, info, Logger } from '../logger/core.js';
 import { RedirectSinglePageBuiltModule, getRedirectLocationOrThrow } from '../redirects/index.js';
-import { isEndpointResult } from '../render/core.js';
-import { createEnvironment, createRenderContext, tryRenderRoute } from '../render/index.js';
+import { createRenderContext } from '../render/index.js';
 import { callGetStaticPaths } from '../render/route-cache.js';
 import {
 	createAssetLink,
@@ -64,6 +58,8 @@ import type {
 	StylesheetAsset,
 } from './types';
 import { getTimeStat } from './util.js';
+import { BuildPipeline } from './buildPipeline.js';
+import type { BufferEncoding } from 'vfile';
 
 function createEntryURL(filePath: string, outFolder: URL) {
 	return new URL('./' + filePath + `?time=${Date.now()}`, outFolder);
@@ -125,8 +121,23 @@ export function chunkIsPage(
 }
 
 export async function generatePages(opts: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildInternals) {
+	const logger = new Logger(opts.logging);
 	const timer = performance.now();
 	const ssr = isServerLikeOutput(opts.settings.config);
+	let manifest: SSRManifest;
+	if (ssr) {
+		manifest = await BuildPipeline.retrieveManifest(opts, internals);
+	} else {
+		const baseDirectory = getOutputDirectory(opts.settings.config);
+		const renderersEntryUrl = new URL('renderers.mjs', baseDirectory);
+		const renderers = await import(renderersEntryUrl.toString());
+		manifest = createBuildManifest(
+			opts.settings,
+			internals,
+			renderers.renderers as SSRLoadedRenderer[]
+		);
+	}
+	const buildPipeline = new BuildPipeline(opts, internals, manifest);
 	const outFolder = ssr
 		? opts.settings.config.build.server
 		: getOutDirWithinCwd(opts.settings.config.outDir);
@@ -140,20 +151,18 @@ export async function generatePages(opts: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildIn
 
 	const verb = ssr ? 'prerendering' : 'generating';
 	info(opts.logging, null, `\n${bgGreen(black(` ${verb} static routes `))}`);
-
 	const builtPaths = new Set<string>();
-
+	const pagesToGenerate = buildPipeline.retrieveRoutesToGenerate();
 	if (ssr) {
-		for (const [pageData, filePath] of eachPageDataFromEntryPoint(internals)) {
+		for (const [pageData, filePath] of pagesToGenerate) {
 			if (pageData.route.prerender) {
 				const ssrEntryURLPage = createEntryURL(filePath, outFolder);
 				const ssrEntryPage = await import(ssrEntryURLPage.toString());
 				if (opts.settings.config.build.split) {
 					// forcing to use undefined, so we fail in an expected way if the module is not even there.
-					const manifest: SSRManifest | undefined = ssrEntryPage.manifest;
-					const ssrEntry = manifest?.pageModule;
+					const ssrEntry = ssrEntryPage?.manifest?.pageModule;
 					if (ssrEntry) {
-						await generatePage(opts, internals, pageData, ssrEntry, builtPaths, manifest);
+						await generatePage(pageData, ssrEntry, builtPaths, buildPipeline, logger);
 					} else {
 						throw new Error(
 							`Unable to find the manifest for the module ${ssrEntryURLPage.toString()}. This is unexpected and likely a bug in Astro, please report.`
@@ -161,28 +170,25 @@ export async function generatePages(opts: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildIn
 					}
 				} else {
 					const ssrEntry = ssrEntryPage as SinglePageBuiltModule;
-					const manifest = createBuildManifest(opts.settings, internals, ssrEntry.renderers);
-					await generatePage(opts, internals, pageData, ssrEntry, builtPaths, manifest);
+					await generatePage(pageData, ssrEntry, builtPaths, buildPipeline, logger);
 				}
 			}
-		}
-		for (const pageData of eachRedirectPageData(internals)) {
-			const entry = await getEntryForRedirectRoute(pageData.route, internals, outFolder);
-			const manifest = createBuildManifest(opts.settings, internals, entry.renderers);
-			await generatePage(opts, internals, pageData, entry, builtPaths, manifest);
+			if (pageData.route.type === 'redirect') {
+				const entry = await getEntryForRedirectRoute(pageData.route, internals, outFolder);
+				await generatePage(pageData, entry, builtPaths, buildPipeline, logger);
+			}
 		}
 	} else {
-		for (const [pageData, filePath] of eachPageDataFromEntryPoint(internals)) {
-			const ssrEntryURLPage = createEntryURL(filePath, outFolder);
-			const entry: SinglePageBuiltModule = await import(ssrEntryURLPage.toString());
-			const manifest = createBuildManifest(opts.settings, internals, entry.renderers);
+		for (const [pageData, filePath] of pagesToGenerate) {
+			if (pageData.route.type === 'redirect') {
+				const entry = await getEntryForRedirectRoute(pageData.route, internals, outFolder);
+				await generatePage(pageData, entry, builtPaths, buildPipeline, logger);
+			} else {
+				const ssrEntryURLPage = createEntryURL(filePath, outFolder);
+				const entry: SinglePageBuiltModule = await import(ssrEntryURLPage.toString());
 
-			await generatePage(opts, internals, pageData, entry, builtPaths, manifest);
-		}
-		for (const pageData of eachRedirectPageData(internals)) {
-			const entry = await getEntryForRedirectRoute(pageData.route, internals, outFolder);
-			const manifest = createBuildManifest(opts.settings, internals, entry.renderers);
-			await generatePage(opts, internals, pageData, entry, builtPaths, manifest);
+				await generatePage(pageData, entry, builtPaths, buildPipeline, logger);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -219,16 +225,15 @@ async function generateImage(opts: StaticBuildOptions, transform: ImageTransform
 }
 
 async function generatePage(
-	opts: StaticBuildOptions,
-	internals: BuildInternals,
 	pageData: PageBuildData,
 	ssrEntry: SinglePageBuiltModule,
 	builtPaths: Set<string>,
-	manifest: SSRManifest
+	pipeline: BuildPipeline,
+	logger: Logger
 ) {
 	let timeStart = performance.now();
 
-	const pageInfo = getPageDataByComponent(internals, pageData.route.component);
+	const pageInfo = getPageDataByComponent(pipeline.getInternals(), pageData.route.component);
 
 	// may be used in the future for handling rel=modulepreload, rel=icon, rel=manifest etc.
 	const linkIds: [] = [];
@@ -240,6 +245,9 @@ async function generatePage(
 
 	const pageModulePromise = ssrEntry.page;
 	const onRequest = ssrEntry.onRequest;
+	if (onRequest) {
+		pipeline.setMiddlewareFunction(onRequest as MiddlewareEndpointHandler);
+	}
 
 	if (!pageModulePromise) {
 		throw new Error(
@@ -247,14 +255,13 @@ async function generatePage(
 		);
 	}
 	const pageModule = await pageModulePromise();
-	if (shouldSkipDraft(pageModule, opts.settings)) {
-		info(opts.logging, null, `${magenta('⚠️')}  Skipping draft ${pageData.route.component}`);
+	if (shouldSkipDraft(pageModule, pipeline.getSettings())) {
+		logger.info(null, `${magenta('⚠️')}  Skipping draft ${pageData.route.component}`);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	const generationOptions: Readonly<GeneratePathOptions> = {
 		pageData,
-		internals,
 		linkIds,
 		scripts,
 		styles,
@@ -263,23 +270,28 @@ async function generatePage(
 
 	const icon = pageData.route.type === 'page' ? green('▶') : magenta('λ');
 	if (isRelativePath(pageData.route.component)) {
-		info(opts.logging, null, `${icon} ${pageData.route.route}`);
+		logger.info(null, `${icon} ${pageData.route.route}`);
 	} else {
-		info(opts.logging, null, `${icon} ${pageData.route.component}`);
+		logger.info(null, `${icon} ${pageData.route.component}`);
 	}
 
 	// Get paths for the route, calling getStaticPaths if needed.
-	const paths = await getPathsForRoute(pageData, pageModule, opts, builtPaths);
+	const paths = await getPathsForRoute(
+		pageData,
+		pageModule,
+		pipeline.getStaticBuildOptions(),
+		builtPaths
+	);
 
 	for (let i = 0; i < paths.length; i++) {
 		const path = paths[i];
-		await generatePath(path, opts, generationOptions, manifest, onRequest);
+		await generatePath(path, generationOptions, pipeline);
 		const timeEnd = performance.now();
 		const timeChange = getTimeStat(timeStart, timeEnd);
 		const timeIncrease = `(+${timeChange})`;
-		const filePath = getOutputFilename(opts.settings.config, path, pageData.route.type);
+		const filePath = getOutputFilename(pipeline.getConfig(), path, pageData.route.type);
 		const lineIcon = i === paths.length - 1 ? '└─' : '├─';
-		info(opts.logging, null, `  ${cyan(lineIcon)} ${dim(filePath)} ${dim(timeIncrease)}`);
+		logger.info(null, `  ${cyan(lineIcon)} ${dim(filePath)} ${dim(timeIncrease)}`);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -382,7 +394,6 @@ function getInvalidRouteSegmentError(
 
 interface GeneratePathOptions {
 	pageData: PageBuildData;
-	internals: BuildInternals;
 	linkIds: string[];
 	scripts: { type: 'inline' | 'external'; value: string } | null;
 	styles: StylesheetAsset[];
@@ -446,19 +457,13 @@ function getUrlForPath(
 	return url;
 }
 
-async function generatePath(
-	pathname: string,
-	opts: StaticBuildOptions,
-	gopts: GeneratePathOptions,
-	manifest: SSRManifest,
-	onRequest?: MiddlewareHandler<unknown>
-) {
-	const { settings, logging, origin, routeCache } = opts;
-	const { mod, internals, scripts: hoistedScripts, styles: _styles, pageData } = gopts;
+async function generatePath(pathname: string, gopts: GeneratePathOptions, pipeline: BuildPipeline) {
+	const manifest = pipeline.getManifest();
+	const { mod, scripts: hoistedScripts, styles: _styles, pageData } = gopts;
 
 	// This adds the page name to the array so it can be shown as part of stats.
 	if (pageData.route.type === 'page') {
-		addPageName(pathname, opts);
+		addPageName(pathname, pipeline.getStaticBuildOptions());
 	}
 
 	debug('build', `Generating: ${pathname}`);
@@ -472,8 +477,8 @@ async function generatePath(
 	);
 	const styles = createStylesheetElementSet(_styles, manifest.base, manifest.assetsPrefix);
 
-	if (settings.scripts.some((script) => script.stage === 'page')) {
-		const hashedFilePath = internals.entrySpecifierToBundleMap.get(PAGE_SCRIPT_ID);
+	if (pipeline.getSettings().scripts.some((script) => script.stage === 'page')) {
+		const hashedFilePath = pipeline.getInternals().entrySpecifierToBundleMap.get(PAGE_SCRIPT_ID);
 		if (typeof hashedFilePath !== 'string') {
 			throw new Error(`Cannot find the built path for ${PAGE_SCRIPT_ID}`);
 		}
@@ -485,7 +490,7 @@ async function generatePath(
 	}
 
 	// Add all injected scripts to the page.
-	for (const script of settings.scripts) {
+	for (const script of pipeline.getSettings().scripts) {
 		if (script.stage === 'head-inline') {
 			scripts.add({
 				props: {},
@@ -494,58 +499,38 @@ async function generatePath(
 		}
 	}
 
-	const ssr = isServerLikeOutput(settings.config);
+	const ssr = isServerLikeOutput(pipeline.getConfig());
 	const url = getUrlForPath(
 		pathname,
-		opts.settings.config.base,
-		origin,
-		opts.settings.config.build.format,
+		pipeline.getConfig().base,
+		pipeline.getStaticBuildOptions().origin,
+		pipeline.getConfig().build.format,
 		pageData.route.type
 	);
 
-	const env = createEnvironment({
-		adapterName: manifest.adapterName,
-		logging,
-		mode: opts.mode,
-		renderers: manifest.renderers,
-		clientDirectives: manifest.clientDirectives,
-		compressHTML: manifest.compressHTML,
-		async resolve(specifier: string) {
-			const hashedFilePath = manifest.entryModules[specifier];
-			if (typeof hashedFilePath !== 'string') {
-				// If no "astro:scripts/before-hydration.js" script exists in the build,
-				// then we can assume that no before-hydration scripts are needed.
-				if (specifier === BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID) {
-					return '';
-				}
-				throw new Error(`Cannot find the built path for ${specifier}`);
-			}
-			return createAssetLink(hashedFilePath, manifest.base, manifest.assetsPrefix);
-		},
-		routeCache,
-		site: manifest.site,
-		ssr,
-		streaming: true,
-	});
-
 	const renderContext = await createRenderContext({
 		pathname,
-		request: createRequest({ url, headers: new Headers(), logging, ssr }),
+		request: createRequest({
+			url,
+			headers: new Headers(),
+			logging: pipeline.getStaticBuildOptions().logging,
+			ssr,
+		}),
 		componentMetadata: manifest.componentMetadata,
 		scripts,
 		styles,
 		links,
 		route: pageData.route,
-		env,
+		env: pipeline.getEnvironment(),
 		mod,
 	});
 
 	let body: string | Uint8Array;
 	let encoding: BufferEncoding | undefined;
 
-	let response;
+	let response: Response;
 	try {
-		response = await tryRenderRoute(renderContext, env, mod, onRequest);
+		response = await pipeline.renderRoute(renderContext, mod);
 	} catch (err) {
 		if (!AstroError.is(err) && !(err as SSRError).id && typeof err === 'object') {
 			(err as SSRError).id = pageData.component;
@@ -553,28 +538,17 @@ async function generatePath(
 		throw err;
 	}
 
-	if (isEndpointResult(response, pageData.route.type)) {
-		if (response.type === 'response') {
-			// If there's no body, do nothing
-			if (!response.response.body) return;
-			const ab = await response.response.arrayBuffer();
-			body = new Uint8Array(ab);
-		} else {
-			body = response.body;
-			encoding = response.encoding;
+	if (response.status >= 300 && response.status < 400) {
+		// If redirects is set to false, don't output the HTML
+		if (!pipeline.getConfig().build.redirects) {
+			return;
 		}
-	} else {
-		if (response.status >= 300 && response.status < 400) {
-			// If redirects is set to false, don't output the HTML
-			if (!opts.settings.config.build.redirects) {
-				return;
-			}
-			const location = getRedirectLocationOrThrow(response.headers);
-			const fromPath = new URL(renderContext.request.url).pathname;
-			// A short delay causes Google to interpret the redirect as temporary.
-			// https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/301-redirects#metarefresh
-			const delay = response.status === 302 ? 2 : 0;
-			body = `<!doctype html>
+		const location = getRedirectLocationOrThrow(response.headers);
+		const fromPath = new URL(renderContext.request.url).pathname;
+		// A short delay causes Google to interpret the redirect as temporary.
+		// https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/301-redirects#metarefresh
+		const delay = response.status === 302 ? 2 : 0;
+		body = `<!doctype html>
 <title>Redirecting to: ${location}</title>
 <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="${delay};url=${location}">
 <meta name="robots" content="noindex">
@@ -582,20 +556,25 @@ async function generatePath(
 <body>
 	<a href="${location}">Redirecting from <code>${fromPath}</code> to <code>${location}</code></a>
 </body>`;
-			// A dynamic redirect, set the location so that integrations know about it.
-			if (pageData.route.type !== 'redirect') {
-				pageData.route.redirect = location;
-			}
-		} else {
-			// If there's no body, do nothing
-			if (!response.body) return;
-			body = await response.text();
+		// A dynamic redirect, set the location so that integrations know about it.
+		if (pageData.route.type !== 'redirect') {
+			pageData.route.redirect = location;
 		}
+	} else {
+		// If there's no body, do nothing
+		if (!response.body) return;
+		const result = await pipeline.computeBodyAndEncoding(renderContext.route.type, response);
+		body = result.body;
+		encoding = result.encoding;
 	}
 
-	const outFolder = getOutFolder(settings.config, pathname, pageData.route.type);
-	const outFile = getOutFile(settings.config, outFolder, pathname, pageData.route.type);
+	const outFolder = getOutFolder(pipeline.getConfig(), pathname, pageData.route.type);
+	const outFile = getOutFile(pipeline.getConfig(), outFolder, pathname, pageData.route.type);
 	pageData.route.distURL = outFile;
+	const possibleEncoding = response.headers.get('X-Astro-Encoding');
+	if (possibleEncoding) {
+		encoding = possibleEncoding as BufferEncoding;
+	}
 	await fs.promises.mkdir(outFolder, { recursive: true });
 	await fs.promises.writeFile(outFile, body, encoding ?? 'utf-8');
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/internal.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/internal.ts
index 5dff6f3dd..c1123e36b 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/internal.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/internal.ts
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ export interface BuildInternals {
 	staticFiles: Set<string>;
 	// The SSR entry chunk. Kept in internals to share between ssr/client build steps
 	ssrEntryChunk?: Rollup.OutputChunk;
+	// The SSR manifest entry chunk.
+	manifestEntryChunk?: Rollup.OutputChunk;
+	manifestFileName?: string;
 	entryPoints: Map<RouteData, URL>;
 	ssrSplitEntryChunks: Map<string, Rollup.OutputChunk>;
 	componentMetadata: SSRResult['componentMetadata'];
@@ -227,14 +230,6 @@ export function* eachPageData(internals: BuildInternals) {
 	yield* internals.pagesByComponent.values();
 }
 
-export function* eachRedirectPageData(internals: BuildInternals) {
-	for (const pageData of eachPageData(internals)) {
-		if (pageData.route.type === 'redirect') {
-			yield pageData;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 export function* eachPageDataFromEntryPoint(
 	internals: BuildInternals
 ): Generator<[PageBuildData, string]> {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/README.md b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/README.md
index 145158163..ef73b9e50 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/README.md
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/README.md
@@ -125,10 +125,13 @@ will look like this:
 
 Of course, all these files will be deleted by Astro at the end build.
 
-## `plugin-ssr` (WIP)
+## `plugin-ssr`
 
-This plugin is responsible to create a single `entry.mjs` file that will be used
-in SSR.
+This plugin is responsible to create the JS files that will be executed in SSR.
+
+### Classic mode
+
+The plugin will emit a single entry point called `entry.mjs`.
 
 This plugin **will emit code** only when building an **SSR** site.
 
@@ -146,4 +149,24 @@ const pageMap = new Map([
 ```
 
 It will also import the [`renderers`](#plugin-renderers) virtual module
-and the [`middleware`](#plugin-middleware) virtual module.
+and the [`manifest`](#plugin-manifest) virtual module.
+
+### Split mode
+
+The plugin will emit various entry points. Each route will be an entry point.
+
+Each entry point will contain the necessary code to **render one single route**.
+
+Each entry point will also import the [`renderers`](#plugin-renderers) virtual module
+and the [`manifest`](#plugin-manifest) virtual module.
+
+## `plugin-manifest`
+
+This plugin is responsible to create a file called `manifest.mjs`. In SSG, the file is saved
+in `config.outDir`, in SSR the file is saved in `config.build.server`.
+
+This file is important to do two things:
+- generate the pages during the SSG; 
+- render the pages in SSR;
+
+The file contains all the information needed to Astro to accomplish the operations mentioned above.
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/index.ts
index decfefd04..19c952660 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/index.ts
@@ -12,12 +12,14 @@ import { pluginPages } from './plugin-pages.js';
 import { pluginPrerender } from './plugin-prerender.js';
 import { pluginRenderers } from './plugin-renderers.js';
 import { pluginSSR, pluginSSRSplit } from './plugin-ssr.js';
+import { pluginManifest } from './plugin-manifest.js';
 
 export function registerAllPlugins({ internals, options, register }: AstroBuildPluginContainer) {
 	register(pluginComponentEntry(internals));
 	register(pluginAliasResolve(internals));
 	register(pluginAnalyzer(options, internals));
 	register(pluginInternals(internals));
+	register(pluginManifest(options, internals));
 	register(pluginRenderers(options));
 	register(pluginMiddleware(options, internals));
 	register(pluginPages(options, internals));
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-manifest.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-manifest.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c2ceb7e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-manifest.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import { type BuildInternals, cssOrder, mergeInlineCss } from '../internal.js';
+import type { AstroBuildPlugin } from '../plugin';
+import { type Plugin as VitePlugin } from 'vite';
+import { runHookBuildSsr } from '../../../integrations/index.js';
+import { addRollupInput } from '../add-rollup-input.js';
+import glob from 'fast-glob';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import type { OutputChunk } from 'rollup';
+import { getOutFile, getOutFolder } from '../common.js';
+import { BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID, PAGE_SCRIPT_ID } from '../../../vite-plugin-scripts/index.js';
+import { joinPaths, prependForwardSlash } from '../../path.js';
+import { serializeRouteData } from '../../routing/index.js';
+import type { SerializedRouteInfo, SerializedSSRManifest } from '../../app/types';
+import type { StaticBuildOptions } from '../types';
+
+const manifestReplace = '@@ASTRO_MANIFEST_REPLACE@@';
+const replaceExp = new RegExp(`['"](${manifestReplace})['"]`, 'g');
+
+export const SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID = '@astrojs-manifest';
+export const RESOLVED_SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID = '\0' + SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID;
+
+function vitePluginManifest(options: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildInternals): VitePlugin {
+	return {
+		name: '@astro/plugin-build-manifest',
+		enforce: 'post',
+		options(opts) {
+			return addRollupInput(opts, [SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID]);
+		},
+		resolveId(id) {
+			if (id === SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID) {
+				return RESOLVED_SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID;
+			}
+		},
+		augmentChunkHash(chunkInfo) {
+			if (chunkInfo.facadeModuleId === RESOLVED_SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID) {
+				return Date.now().toString();
+			}
+		},
+		async load(id) {
+			if (id === RESOLVED_SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID) {
+				const imports = [];
+				const contents = [];
+				const exports = [];
+				imports.push(
+					`import { deserializeManifest as _deserializeManifest } from 'astro/app'`,
+					`import { _privateSetManifestDontUseThis } from 'astro:ssr-manifest'`
+				);
+
+				contents.push(` 
+const manifest = _deserializeManifest('${manifestReplace}'); 
+_privateSetManifestDontUseThis(manifest);
+`);
+
+				exports.push('export { manifest }');
+
+				return `${imports.join('\n')}${contents.join('\n')}${exports.join('\n')}`;
+			}
+		},
+
+		async generateBundle(_opts, bundle) {
+			for (const [chunkName, chunk] of Object.entries(bundle)) {
+				if (chunk.type === 'asset') {
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (chunk.modules[RESOLVED_SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID]) {
+					internals.manifestEntryChunk = chunk;
+					delete bundle[chunkName];
+				}
+				if (chunkName.startsWith('manifest')) {
+					internals.manifestFileName = chunkName;
+				}
+			}
+		},
+	};
+}
+
+export function pluginManifest(
+	options: StaticBuildOptions,
+	internals: BuildInternals
+): AstroBuildPlugin {
+	return {
+		build: 'ssr',
+		hooks: {
+			'build:before': () => {
+				return {
+					vitePlugin: vitePluginManifest(options, internals),
+				};
+			},
+
+			'build:post': async ({ mutate }) => {
+				if (!internals.manifestEntryChunk) {
+					throw new Error(`Did not generate an entry chunk for SSR`);
+				}
+
+				const manifest = await createManifest(options, internals);
+				await runHookBuildSsr({
+					config: options.settings.config,
+					manifest,
+					logging: options.logging,
+					entryPoints: internals.entryPoints,
+					middlewareEntryPoint: internals.middlewareEntryPoint,
+				});
+				// TODO: use the manifest entry chunk instead
+				const code = injectManifest(manifest, internals.manifestEntryChunk);
+				mutate(internals.manifestEntryChunk, 'server', code);
+			},
+		},
+	};
+}
+
+export async function createManifest(
+	buildOpts: StaticBuildOptions,
+	internals: BuildInternals
+): Promise<SerializedSSRManifest> {
+	if (!internals.manifestEntryChunk) {
+		throw new Error(`Did not generate an entry chunk for SSR`);
+	}
+
+	// Add assets from the client build.
+	const clientStatics = new Set(
+		await glob('**/*', {
+			cwd: fileURLToPath(buildOpts.settings.config.build.client),
+		})
+	);
+	for (const file of clientStatics) {
+		internals.staticFiles.add(file);
+	}
+
+	const staticFiles = internals.staticFiles;
+	return buildManifest(buildOpts, internals, Array.from(staticFiles));
+}
+
+/**
+ * It injects the manifest in the given output rollup chunk. It returns the new emitted code
+ * @param buildOpts
+ * @param internals
+ * @param chunk
+ */
+export function injectManifest(manifest: SerializedSSRManifest, chunk: Readonly<OutputChunk>) {
+	const code = chunk.code;
+
+	return code.replace(replaceExp, () => {
+		return JSON.stringify(manifest);
+	});
+}
+
+function buildManifest(
+	opts: StaticBuildOptions,
+	internals: BuildInternals,
+	staticFiles: string[]
+): SerializedSSRManifest {
+	const { settings } = opts;
+
+	const routes: SerializedRouteInfo[] = [];
+	const entryModules = Object.fromEntries(internals.entrySpecifierToBundleMap.entries());
+	if (settings.scripts.some((script) => script.stage === 'page')) {
+		staticFiles.push(entryModules[PAGE_SCRIPT_ID]);
+	}
+
+	const prefixAssetPath = (pth: string) => {
+		if (settings.config.build.assetsPrefix) {
+			return joinPaths(settings.config.build.assetsPrefix, pth);
+		} else {
+			return prependForwardSlash(joinPaths(settings.config.base, pth));
+		}
+	};
+
+	for (const route of opts.manifest.routes) {
+		if (!route.prerender) continue;
+		if (!route.pathname) continue;
+
+		const outFolder = getOutFolder(opts.settings.config, route.pathname, route.type);
+		const outFile = getOutFile(opts.settings.config, outFolder, route.pathname, route.type);
+		const file = outFile.toString().replace(opts.settings.config.build.client.toString(), '');
+		routes.push({
+			file,
+			links: [],
+			scripts: [],
+			styles: [],
+			routeData: serializeRouteData(route, settings.config.trailingSlash),
+		});
+		staticFiles.push(file);
+	}
+
+	for (const route of opts.manifest.routes) {
+		const pageData = internals.pagesByComponent.get(route.component);
+		if (route.prerender || !pageData) continue;
+		const scripts: SerializedRouteInfo['scripts'] = [];
+		if (pageData.hoistedScript) {
+			const hoistedValue = pageData.hoistedScript.value;
+			const value = hoistedValue.endsWith('.js') ? prefixAssetPath(hoistedValue) : hoistedValue;
+			scripts.unshift(
+				Object.assign({}, pageData.hoistedScript, {
+					value,
+				})
+			);
+		}
+		if (settings.scripts.some((script) => script.stage === 'page')) {
+			const src = entryModules[PAGE_SCRIPT_ID];
+
+			scripts.push({
+				type: 'external',
+				value: prefixAssetPath(src),
+			});
+		}
+
+		// may be used in the future for handling rel=modulepreload, rel=icon, rel=manifest etc.
+		const links: [] = [];
+
+		const styles = pageData.styles
+			.sort(cssOrder)
+			.map(({ sheet }) => sheet)
+			.map((s) => (s.type === 'external' ? { ...s, src: prefixAssetPath(s.src) } : s))
+			.reduce(mergeInlineCss, []);
+
+		routes.push({
+			file: '',
+			links,
+			scripts: [
+				...scripts,
+				...settings.scripts
+					.filter((script) => script.stage === 'head-inline')
+					.map(({ stage, content }) => ({ stage, children: content })),
+			],
+			styles,
+			routeData: serializeRouteData(route, settings.config.trailingSlash),
+		});
+	}
+
+	// HACK! Patch this special one.
+	if (!(BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID in entryModules)) {
+		// Set this to an empty string so that the runtime knows not to try and load this.
+		entryModules[BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID] = '';
+	}
+
+	const ssrManifest: SerializedSSRManifest = {
+		adapterName: opts.settings.adapter?.name ?? '',
+		routes,
+		site: settings.config.site,
+		base: settings.config.base,
+		compressHTML: settings.config.compressHTML,
+		assetsPrefix: settings.config.build.assetsPrefix,
+		componentMetadata: Array.from(internals.componentMetadata),
+		renderers: [],
+		clientDirectives: Array.from(settings.clientDirectives),
+		entryModules,
+		assets: staticFiles.map(prefixAssetPath),
+	};
+
+	return ssrManifest;
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-ssr.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-ssr.ts
index ed4cd7b72..098b9dee8 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-ssr.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-ssr.ts
@@ -1,28 +1,21 @@
-import glob from 'fast-glob';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
 import type { Plugin as VitePlugin } from 'vite';
 import type { AstroAdapter, AstroConfig } from '../../../@types/astro';
-import { isFunctionPerRouteEnabled, runHookBuildSsr } from '../../../integrations/index.js';
+import { isFunctionPerRouteEnabled } from '../../../integrations/index.js';
 import { isServerLikeOutput } from '../../../prerender/utils.js';
-import { BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID, PAGE_SCRIPT_ID } from '../../../vite-plugin-scripts/index.js';
-import type { SerializedRouteInfo, SerializedSSRManifest } from '../../app/types';
-import { joinPaths, prependForwardSlash } from '../../path.js';
 import { routeIsRedirect } from '../../redirects/index.js';
-import { serializeRouteData } from '../../routing/index.js';
 import { addRollupInput } from '../add-rollup-input.js';
-import { getOutFile, getOutFolder } from '../common.js';
-import { cssOrder, mergeInlineCss, type BuildInternals } from '../internal.js';
+import type { BuildInternals } from '../internal.js';
 import type { AstroBuildPlugin } from '../plugin';
-import type { OutputChunk, StaticBuildOptions } from '../types';
+import type { StaticBuildOptions } from '../types';
 import { ASTRO_PAGE_MODULE_ID } from './plugin-pages.js';
 import { RENDERERS_MODULE_ID } from './plugin-renderers.js';
 import { getPathFromVirtualModulePageName, getVirtualModulePageNameFromPath } from './util.js';
+import { SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID } from './plugin-manifest.js';
 
 export const SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID = '@astrojs-ssr-virtual-entry';
-const RESOLVED_SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID = '\0' + SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID;
-const manifestReplace = '@@ASTRO_MANIFEST_REPLACE@@';
-const replaceExp = new RegExp(`['"](${manifestReplace})['"]`, 'g');
+export const RESOLVED_SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID = '\0' + SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID;
 
 function vitePluginSSR(
 	internals: BuildInternals,
@@ -85,13 +78,12 @@ function vitePluginSSR(
 				}
 			}
 
-			for (const [chunkName, chunk] of Object.entries(bundle)) {
+			for (const [, chunk] of Object.entries(bundle)) {
 				if (chunk.type === 'asset') {
 					continue;
 				}
 				if (chunk.modules[RESOLVED_SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID]) {
 					internals.ssrEntryChunk = chunk;
-					delete bundle[chunkName];
 				}
 			}
 		},
@@ -121,7 +113,7 @@ export function pluginSSR(
 					vitePlugin,
 				};
 			},
-			'build:post': async ({ mutate }) => {
+			'build:post': async () => {
 				if (!ssr) {
 					return;
 				}
@@ -135,17 +127,6 @@ export function pluginSSR(
 				}
 				// Mutate the filename
 				internals.ssrEntryChunk.fileName = options.settings.config.build.serverEntry;
-
-				const manifest = await createManifest(options, internals);
-				await runHookBuildSsr({
-					config: options.settings.config,
-					manifest,
-					logging: options.logging,
-					entryPoints: internals.entryPoints,
-					middlewareEntryPoint: internals.middlewareEntryPoint,
-				});
-				const code = injectManifest(manifest, internals.ssrEntryChunk);
-				mutate(internals.ssrEntryChunk, 'server', code);
 			},
 		},
 	};
@@ -209,21 +190,16 @@ function vitePluginSSRSplit(
 				}
 			}
 
-			for (const [chunkName, chunk] of Object.entries(bundle)) {
+			for (const [, chunk] of Object.entries(bundle)) {
 				if (chunk.type === 'asset') {
 					continue;
 				}
-				let shouldDeleteBundle = false;
 				for (const moduleKey of Object.keys(chunk.modules)) {
 					if (moduleKey.startsWith(RESOLVED_SPLIT_MODULE_ID)) {
 						internals.ssrSplitEntryChunks.set(moduleKey, chunk);
 						storeEntryPoint(moduleKey, options, internals, chunk.fileName);
-						shouldDeleteBundle = true;
 					}
 				}
-				if (shouldDeleteBundle) {
-					delete bundle[chunkName];
-				}
 			}
 		},
 	};
@@ -250,31 +226,6 @@ export function pluginSSRSplit(
 					vitePlugin,
 				};
 			},
-			'build:post': async ({ mutate }) => {
-				if (!ssr) {
-					return;
-				}
-				if (!options.settings.config.build.split && !functionPerRouteEnabled) {
-					return;
-				}
-
-				if (internals.ssrSplitEntryChunks.size === 0) {
-					throw new Error(`Did not generate an entry chunk for SSR serverless`);
-				}
-
-				const manifest = await createManifest(options, internals);
-				await runHookBuildSsr({
-					config: options.settings.config,
-					manifest,
-					logging: options.logging,
-					entryPoints: internals.entryPoints,
-					middlewareEntryPoint: internals.middlewareEntryPoint,
-				});
-				for (const [, chunk] of internals.ssrSplitEntryChunks) {
-					const code = injectManifest(manifest, chunk);
-					mutate(chunk, 'server', code);
-				}
-			},
 		},
 	};
 }
@@ -291,13 +242,11 @@ function generateSSRCode(config: AstroConfig, adapter: AstroAdapter) {
 
 	contents.push(`import * as adapter from '${adapter.serverEntrypoint}';
 import { renderers } from '${RENDERERS_MODULE_ID}'; 
-import { deserializeManifest as _deserializeManifest } from 'astro/app';
-import { _privateSetManifestDontUseThis } from 'astro:ssr-manifest';
-const _manifest = Object.assign(_deserializeManifest('${manifestReplace}'), {
+import { manifest as defaultManifest} from '${SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID}'; 
+const _manifest = Object.assign(defaultManifest, {
 	${pageMap},
 	renderers,
 });
-_privateSetManifestDontUseThis(_manifest);
 const _args = ${adapter.args ? JSON.stringify(adapter.args) : 'undefined'};
 
 ${
@@ -327,51 +276,6 @@ if(_start in adapter) {
 }
 
 /**
- * It injects the manifest in the given output rollup chunk. It returns the new emitted code
- * @param buildOpts
- * @param internals
- * @param chunk
- */
-export function injectManifest(manifest: SerializedSSRManifest, chunk: Readonly<OutputChunk>) {
-	const code = chunk.code;
-
-	return code.replace(replaceExp, () => {
-		return JSON.stringify(manifest);
-	});
-}
-
-export async function createManifest(
-	buildOpts: StaticBuildOptions,
-	internals: BuildInternals
-): Promise<SerializedSSRManifest> {
-	if (
-		buildOpts.settings.config.build.split ||
-		isFunctionPerRouteEnabled(buildOpts.settings.adapter)
-	) {
-		if (internals.ssrSplitEntryChunks.size === 0) {
-			throw new Error(`Did not generate an entry chunk for SSR in serverless mode`);
-		}
-	} else {
-		if (!internals.ssrEntryChunk) {
-			throw new Error(`Did not generate an entry chunk for SSR`);
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Add assets from the client build.
-	const clientStatics = new Set(
-		await glob('**/*', {
-			cwd: fileURLToPath(buildOpts.settings.config.build.client),
-		})
-	);
-	for (const file of clientStatics) {
-		internals.staticFiles.add(file);
-	}
-
-	const staticFiles = internals.staticFiles;
-	return buildManifest(buildOpts, internals, Array.from(staticFiles));
-}
-
-/**
  * Because we delete the bundle from rollup at the end of this function,
  *  we can't use `writeBundle` hook to get the final file name of the entry point written on disk.
  *  We use this hook instead.
@@ -392,109 +296,3 @@ function storeEntryPoint(
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-function buildManifest(
-	opts: StaticBuildOptions,
-	internals: BuildInternals,
-	staticFiles: string[]
-): SerializedSSRManifest {
-	const { settings } = opts;
-
-	const routes: SerializedRouteInfo[] = [];
-	const entryModules = Object.fromEntries(internals.entrySpecifierToBundleMap.entries());
-	if (settings.scripts.some((script) => script.stage === 'page')) {
-		staticFiles.push(entryModules[PAGE_SCRIPT_ID]);
-	}
-
-	const prefixAssetPath = (pth: string) => {
-		if (settings.config.build.assetsPrefix) {
-			return joinPaths(settings.config.build.assetsPrefix, pth);
-		} else {
-			return prependForwardSlash(joinPaths(settings.config.base, pth));
-		}
-	};
-
-	for (const route of opts.manifest.routes) {
-		if (!route.prerender) continue;
-		if (!route.pathname) continue;
-
-		const outFolder = getOutFolder(opts.settings.config, route.pathname, route.type);
-		const outFile = getOutFile(opts.settings.config, outFolder, route.pathname, route.type);
-		const file = outFile.toString().replace(opts.settings.config.build.client.toString(), '');
-		routes.push({
-			file,
-			links: [],
-			scripts: [],
-			styles: [],
-			routeData: serializeRouteData(route, settings.config.trailingSlash),
-		});
-		staticFiles.push(file);
-	}
-
-	for (const route of opts.manifest.routes) {
-		const pageData = internals.pagesByComponent.get(route.component);
-		if (route.prerender || !pageData) continue;
-		const scripts: SerializedRouteInfo['scripts'] = [];
-		if (pageData.hoistedScript) {
-			const hoistedValue = pageData.hoistedScript.value;
-			const value = hoistedValue.endsWith('.js') ? prefixAssetPath(hoistedValue) : hoistedValue;
-			scripts.unshift(
-				Object.assign({}, pageData.hoistedScript, {
-					value,
-				})
-			);
-		}
-		if (settings.scripts.some((script) => script.stage === 'page')) {
-			const src = entryModules[PAGE_SCRIPT_ID];
-
-			scripts.push({
-				type: 'external',
-				value: prefixAssetPath(src),
-			});
-		}
-
-		// may be used in the future for handling rel=modulepreload, rel=icon, rel=manifest etc.
-		const links: [] = [];
-
-		const styles = pageData.styles
-			.sort(cssOrder)
-			.map(({ sheet }) => sheet)
-			.map((s) => (s.type === 'external' ? { ...s, src: prefixAssetPath(s.src) } : s))
-			.reduce(mergeInlineCss, []);
-
-		routes.push({
-			file: '',
-			links,
-			scripts: [
-				...scripts,
-				...settings.scripts
-					.filter((script) => script.stage === 'head-inline')
-					.map(({ stage, content }) => ({ stage, children: content })),
-			],
-			styles,
-			routeData: serializeRouteData(route, settings.config.trailingSlash),
-		});
-	}
-
-	// HACK! Patch this special one.
-	if (!(BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID in entryModules)) {
-		// Set this to an empty string so that the runtime knows not to try and load this.
-		entryModules[BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID] = '';
-	}
-
-	const ssrManifest: SerializedSSRManifest = {
-		adapterName: opts.settings.adapter!.name,
-		routes,
-		site: settings.config.site,
-		base: settings.config.base,
-		compressHTML: settings.config.compressHTML,
-		assetsPrefix: settings.config.build.assetsPrefix,
-		componentMetadata: Array.from(internals.componentMetadata),
-		renderers: [],
-		clientDirectives: Array.from(settings.clientDirectives),
-		entryModules,
-		assets: staticFiles.map(prefixAssetPath),
-	};
-
-	return ssrManifest;
-}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts
index 28f496d91..cbb259e03 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import { emptyDir, removeEmptyDirs } from '../../core/fs/index.js';
 import { appendForwardSlash, prependForwardSlash } from '../../core/path.js';
 import { isModeServerWithNoAdapter } from '../../core/util.js';
 import { runHookBuildSetup } from '../../integrations/index.js';
-import { isServerLikeOutput } from '../../prerender/utils.js';
+import { getOutputDirectory, isServerLikeOutput } from '../../prerender/utils.js';
 import { PAGE_SCRIPT_ID } from '../../vite-plugin-scripts/index.js';
 import { AstroError, AstroErrorData } from '../errors/index.js';
 import { info } from '../logger/core.js';
@@ -28,10 +28,11 @@ import { createPluginContainer, type AstroBuildPluginContainer } from './plugin.
 import { registerAllPlugins } from './plugins/index.js';
 import { ASTRO_PAGE_RESOLVED_MODULE_ID } from './plugins/plugin-pages.js';
 import { RESOLVED_RENDERERS_MODULE_ID } from './plugins/plugin-renderers.js';
-import { RESOLVED_SPLIT_MODULE_ID, SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID } from './plugins/plugin-ssr.js';
+import { RESOLVED_SPLIT_MODULE_ID, RESOLVED_SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID } from './plugins/plugin-ssr.js';
 import { ASTRO_PAGE_EXTENSION_POST_PATTERN } from './plugins/util.js';
 import type { PageBuildData, StaticBuildOptions } from './types';
 import { getTimeStat } from './util.js';
+import { RESOLVED_SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID } from './plugins/plugin-manifest.js';
 
 export async function viteBuild(opts: StaticBuildOptions) {
 	const { allPages, settings } = opts;
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ async function ssrBuild(
 ) {
 	const { allPages, settings, viteConfig } = opts;
 	const ssr = isServerLikeOutput(settings.config);
-	const out = ssr ? settings.config.build.server : getOutDirWithinCwd(settings.config.outDir);
+	const out = getOutputDirectory(settings.config);
 	const routes = Object.values(allPages).map((pd) => pd.route);
 	const { lastVitePlugins, vitePlugins } = container.runBeforeHook('ssr', input);
 
@@ -184,10 +185,12 @@ async function ssrBuild(
 							);
 						} else if (chunkInfo.facadeModuleId?.startsWith(RESOLVED_SPLIT_MODULE_ID)) {
 							return makeSplitEntryPointFileName(chunkInfo.facadeModuleId, routes);
-						} else if (chunkInfo.facadeModuleId === SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID) {
+						} else if (chunkInfo.facadeModuleId === RESOLVED_SSR_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID) {
 							return opts.settings.config.build.serverEntry;
 						} else if (chunkInfo.facadeModuleId === RESOLVED_RENDERERS_MODULE_ID) {
 							return 'renderers.mjs';
+						} else if (chunkInfo.facadeModuleId === RESOLVED_SSR_MANIFEST_VIRTUAL_MODULE_ID) {
+							return 'manifest.[hash].mjs';
 						} else {
 							return '[name].mjs';
 						}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/logger/core.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/logger/core.ts
index e5d0aee1f..c92cdbb24 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/logger/core.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/logger/core.ts
@@ -133,16 +133,16 @@ export class Logger {
 		this.options = options;
 	}
 
-	info(label: string, message: string) {
+	info(label: string | null, message: string) {
 		info(this.options, label, message);
 	}
-	warn(label: string, message: string) {
+	warn(label: string | null, message: string) {
 		warn(this.options, label, message);
 	}
-	error(label: string, message: string) {
+	error(label: string | null, message: string) {
 		error(this.options, label, message);
 	}
-	debug(label: string, message: string) {
+	debug(label: string | null, message: string) {
 		debug(this.options, label, message);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/pipeline.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/pipeline.ts
index 66fa6bd07..b5c66517a 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/pipeline.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/pipeline.ts
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ type EndpointResultHandler = (
  */
 export class Pipeline {
 	env: Environment;
-	onRequest?: MiddlewareEndpointHandler;
+	#onRequest?: MiddlewareEndpointHandler;
 	/**
 	 * The handler accepts the *original* `Request` and result returned by the endpoint.
 	 * It must return a `Response`.
 	 */
-	endpointHandler?: EndpointResultHandler;
+	#endpointHandler?: EndpointResultHandler;
 
 	/**
 	 * When creating a pipeline, an environment is mandatory.
@@ -38,20 +38,29 @@ export class Pipeline {
 		this.env = env;
 	}
 
+	setEnvironment() {}
+
 	/**
 	 * When rendering a route, an "endpoint" will a type that needs to be handled and transformed into a `Response`.
 	 *
 	 * Each consumer might have different needs; use this function to set up the handler.
 	 */
 	setEndpointHandler(handler: EndpointResultHandler) {
-		this.endpointHandler = handler;
+		this.#endpointHandler = handler;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * A middleware function that will be called before each request.
 	 */
 	setMiddlewareFunction(onRequest: MiddlewareEndpointHandler) {
-		this.onRequest = onRequest;
+		this.#onRequest = onRequest;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the current environment
+	 */
+	getEnvironment() {
+		return this.env;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -65,15 +74,15 @@ export class Pipeline {
 			renderContext,
 			this.env,
 			componentInstance,
-			this.onRequest
+			this.#onRequest
 		);
 		if (Pipeline.isEndpointResult(result, renderContext.route.type)) {
-			if (!this.endpointHandler) {
+			if (!this.#endpointHandler) {
 				throw new Error(
 					'You created a pipeline that does not know how to handle the result coming from an endpoint.'
 				);
 			}
-			return this.endpointHandler(renderContext.request, result);
+			return this.#endpointHandler(renderContext.request, result);
 		} else {
 			return result;
 		}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/prerender/utils.ts b/packages/astro/src/prerender/utils.ts
index bd6e367ad..a3655eead 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/prerender/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/prerender/utils.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { AstroConfig } from '../@types/astro';
+import { getOutDirWithinCwd } from '../core/build/common.js';
 
 export function isServerLikeOutput(config: AstroConfig) {
 	return config.output === 'server' || config.output === 'hybrid';
@@ -7,3 +8,15 @@ export function isServerLikeOutput(config: AstroConfig) {
 export function getPrerenderDefault(config: AstroConfig) {
 	return config.output === 'hybrid';
 }
+
+/**
+ * Returns the correct output directory of hte SSR build based on the configuration
+ */
+export function getOutputDirectory(config: AstroConfig): URL {
+	const ssr = isServerLikeOutput(config);
+	if (ssr) {
+		return config.build.server;
+	} else {
+		return getOutDirWithinCwd(config.outDir);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/astro-assets-prefix.test.js b/packages/astro/test/astro-assets-prefix.test.js
index 40562afd4..ab42439ae 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/astro-assets-prefix.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/astro-assets-prefix.test.js
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe('Assets Prefix - Static', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-describe('Assets Prefix - Static with path prefix', () => {
+describe('Assets Prefix - with path prefix', () => {
 	let fixture;
 
 	before(async () => {
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ describe('Assets Prefix - Static with path prefix', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-describe('Assets Prefix - Server', () => {
+describe('Assets Prefix, server', () => {
 	let app;
 
 	before(async () => {
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ describe('Assets Prefix - Server', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-describe('Assets Prefix - Server with path prefix', () => {
+describe('Assets Prefix, with path prefix', () => {
 	let app;
 
 	before(async () => {
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/ssr-hoisted-script.test.js b/packages/astro/test/ssr-hoisted-script.test.js
index 49e1e7b2f..e9549151e 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/ssr-hoisted-script.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/ssr-hoisted-script.test.js
@@ -3,50 +3,54 @@ import { load as cheerioLoad } from 'cheerio';
 import { loadFixture } from './test-utils.js';
 import testAdapter from './test-adapter.js';
 
+async function fetchHTML(fixture, path) {
+	const app = await fixture.loadTestAdapterApp();
+	const request = new Request('http://example.com' + path);
+	const response = await app.render(request);
+	const html = await response.text();
+	return html;
+}
+
 describe('Hoisted scripts in SSR', () => {
 	/** @type {import('./test-utils').Fixture} */
 	let fixture;
 
-	before(async () => {
-		fixture = await loadFixture({
-			root: './fixtures/ssr-hoisted-script/',
-			output: 'server',
-			adapter: testAdapter(),
-		});
-		await fixture.build();
-	});
-
-	async function fetchHTML(path) {
-		const app = await fixture.loadTestAdapterApp();
-		const request = new Request('http://example.com' + path);
-		const response = await app.render(request);
-		const html = await response.text();
-		return html;
-	}
-
-	it('Inlined scripts get included', async () => {
-		const html = await fetchHTML('/');
-		const $ = cheerioLoad(html);
-		expect($('script').length).to.equal(1);
-	});
-
-	describe('base path', () => {
-		const base = '/hello';
-
+	describe('without base path', () => {
 		before(async () => {
 			fixture = await loadFixture({
 				root: './fixtures/ssr-hoisted-script/',
 				output: 'server',
 				adapter: testAdapter(),
-				base,
 			});
 			await fixture.build();
 		});
 
-		it('Inlined scripts get included without base path in the script', async () => {
-			const html = await fetchHTML('/hello/');
+		it('Inlined scripts get included', async () => {
+			const html = await fetchHTML(fixture, '/');
 			const $ = cheerioLoad(html);
-			expect($('script').html()).to.equal('console.log("hello world");\n');
+			expect($('script').length).to.equal(1);
 		});
 	});
 });
+
+describe('Hoisted scripts in SSR with base path', () => {
+	/** @type {import('./test-utils').Fixture} */
+	let fixture;
+	const base = '/hello';
+
+	before(async () => {
+		fixture = await loadFixture({
+			root: './fixtures/ssr-hoisted-script/',
+			output: 'server',
+			adapter: testAdapter(),
+			base,
+		});
+		await fixture.build();
+	});
+
+	it('Inlined scripts get included without base path in the script', async () => {
+		const html = await fetchHTML(fixture, '/hello/');
+		const $ = cheerioLoad(html);
+		expect($('script').html()).to.equal('console.log("hello world");\n');
+	});
+});