[Markdoc] Support automatic image optimization with `experimental.assets` (#6630)

* wip: scrappy implementation. It works! 🥳

* chore: add code comments on inline utils

* fix: code cleanup, run on experimental.assets

* feat: support ~/assets alias

* fix: spoof `astro:assets` when outside experimental

* test: image paths in dev and prod

* feat: support any vite alias with ctx.resolve

* fix: avoid trying to process absolute paths

* fix: raise helpful error for invalid vite paths

* refactor: revert URL support on emitAsset

* chore: lint

* refactor: expose emitESMImage from assets base

* wip: why doesn't assets exist

* scary chore: make @astrojs/markdoc truly depend on astro

* fix: import emitESMImage straight from dist

* chore: remove type def from assets package

* chore: screw it, just ts ignore

* deps: rollup types

* refactor: optimize images during parse step

* chore: remove unneeded `.flat()`

* fix: use file-based relative paths

* fix: add back helpful error

* chore: changeset

* deps: move astro back to dev dep

* fix: put emit assets behind flag

* chore: change to markdoc patch

18 files changed, 368 insertions, 21 deletions

diff --git a/.changeset/big-rice-rest.md b/.changeset/big-rice-rest.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b7efbaa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/big-rice-rest.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+'@astrojs/markdoc': patch
+'astro': patch
+---
+
+Support automatic image optimization for Markdoc images when using `experimental.assets`. You can [follow our Assets guide](https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/assets/#enabling-assets-in-your-project) to enable this feature in your project. Then, start using relative or aliased image sources in your Markdoc files for automatic optimization:
+
+```md
+<!--Relative paths-->
+![The Milky Way Galaxy](../assets/galaxy.jpg)
+<!--Or configured aliases-->
+![Houston smiling and looking cute](~/assets/houston-smiling.jpg)
+```
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts b/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
index 0af084217..4eca60b34 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
@@ -1053,9 +1053,12 @@ export interface ContentEntryType {
 		fileUrl: URL;
 		contents: string;
 	}): GetEntryInfoReturnType | Promise<GetEntryInfoReturnType>;
-	getRenderModule?(params: {
-		entry: ContentEntryModule;
-	}): rollup.LoadResult | Promise<rollup.LoadResult>;
+	getRenderModule?(
+		this: rollup.PluginContext,
+		params: {
+			entry: ContentEntryModule;
+		}
+	): rollup.LoadResult | Promise<rollup.LoadResult>;
 	contentModuleTypes?: string;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/assets/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/assets/index.ts
index f768c58dd..04dde5979 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/assets/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/assets/index.ts
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ export { getConfiguredImageService, getImage } from './internal.js';
 export { baseService } from './services/service.js';
 export { type LocalImageProps, type RemoteImageProps } from './types.js';
 export { imageMetadata } from './utils/metadata.js';
+export { emitESMImage } from './utils/emitAsset.js';
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/assets/utils/emitAsset.ts b/packages/astro/src/assets/utils/emitAsset.ts
index 74b851eed..d6b34d9aa 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/assets/utils/emitAsset.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/assets/utils/emitAsset.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
-import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
-import type { AstroSettings } from '../../@types/astro';
-import { rootRelativePath } from '../../core/util.js';
+import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
+import slash from 'slash';
+import type { AstroSettings, AstroConfig } from '../../@types/astro';
 import { imageMetadata } from './metadata.js';
 
 export async function emitESMImage(
 	id: string,
 	watchMode: boolean,
 	fileEmitter: any,
-	settings: AstroSettings
+	settings: Pick<AstroSettings, 'config'>
 ) {
 	const url = pathToFileURL(id);
 	const meta = await imageMetadata(url);
@@ -41,3 +41,29 @@ export async function emitESMImage(
 
 	return meta;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Utilities inlined from `packages/astro/src/core/util.ts`
+ * Avoids ESM / CJS bundling failures when accessed from integrations
+ * due to Vite dependencies in core.
+ */
+
+function rootRelativePath(config: Pick<AstroConfig, 'root'>, url: URL) {
+	const basePath = fileURLToNormalizedPath(url);
+	const rootPath = fileURLToNormalizedPath(config.root);
+	return prependForwardSlash(basePath.slice(rootPath.length));
+}
+
+function prependForwardSlash(filePath: string) {
+	return filePath[0] === '/' ? filePath : '/' + filePath;
+}
+
+function fileURLToNormalizedPath(filePath: URL): string {
+	// Uses `slash` package instead of Vite's `normalizePath`
+	// to avoid CJS bundling issues.
+	return slash(fileURLToPath(filePath) + filePath.search).replace(/\\/g, '/');
+}
+
+export function emoji(char: string, fallback: string) {
+	return process.platform !== 'win32' ? char : fallback;
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-imports.ts b/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-imports.ts
index b699ea73e..7ad71b31e 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-imports.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-imports.ts
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ export const _internal = {
 					});
 				}
 
-				return contentRenderer({ entry });
+				return contentRenderer.bind(this)({ entry });
 			},
 		});
 	}
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/components/TreeNode.ts b/packages/integrations/markdoc/components/TreeNode.ts
index b9b4c5c4d..f46355d5c 100644
--- a/packages/integrations/markdoc/components/TreeNode.ts
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/components/TreeNode.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import type { AstroInstance } from 'astro';
 import type { RenderableTreeNode } from '@markdoc/markdoc';
 import { createComponent, renderComponent, render } from 'astro/runtime/server/index.js';
+// @ts-expect-error Cannot find module 'astro:markdoc-assets' or its corresponding type declarations
+import { Image } from 'astro:markdoc-assets';
 import Markdoc from '@markdoc/markdoc';
 import { MarkdocError, isCapitalized } from '../dist/utils.js';
 
@@ -45,10 +47,16 @@ export const ComponentNode = createComponent({
 	propagation: 'none',
 });
 
+const builtInComponents: Record<string, AstroInstance['default']> = {
+	Image,
+};
+
 export function createTreeNode(
 	node: RenderableTreeNode,
-	components: Record<string, AstroInstance['default']> = {}
+	userComponents: Record<string, AstroInstance['default']> = {}
 ): TreeNode {
+	const components = { ...userComponents, ...builtInComponents };
+
 	if (typeof node === 'string' || typeof node === 'number') {
 		return { type: 'text', content: String(node) };
 	} else if (node === null || typeof node !== 'object' || !Markdoc.Tag.isTag(node)) {
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/package.json b/packages/integrations/markdoc/package.json
index 12bc6bacd..70c0eea99 100644
--- a/packages/integrations/markdoc/package.json
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/package.json
@@ -35,16 +35,20 @@
     "gray-matter": "^4.0.3",
     "zod": "^3.17.3"
   },
+  "peerDependencies": {
+    "astro": "workspace:*"
+  },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "astro": "workspace:*",
     "@types/chai": "^4.3.1",
     "@types/html-escaper": "^3.0.0",
     "@types/mocha": "^9.1.1",
-    "astro": "workspace:*",
     "astro-scripts": "workspace:*",
     "chai": "^4.3.6",
     "devalue": "^4.2.0",
     "linkedom": "^0.14.12",
     "mocha": "^9.2.2",
+    "rollup": "^3.20.1",
     "vite": "^4.0.3"
   },
   "engines": {
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/src/index.ts b/packages/integrations/markdoc/src/index.ts
index 70d005ee5..1d3556db7 100644
--- a/packages/integrations/markdoc/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/src/index.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,23 @@
-import type { Config } from '@markdoc/markdoc';
+import type {
+	Config as ReadonlyMarkdocConfig,
+	ConfigType as MarkdocConfig,
+	Node,
+} from '@markdoc/markdoc';
 import Markdoc from '@markdoc/markdoc';
 import type { AstroConfig, AstroIntegration, ContentEntryType, HookParameters } from 'astro';
 import fs from 'node:fs';
+import type * as rollup from 'rollup';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
-import { getAstroConfigPath, MarkdocError, parseFrontmatter } from './utils.js';
+import {
+	getAstroConfigPath,
+	isValidUrl,
+	MarkdocError,
+	parseFrontmatter,
+	prependForwardSlash,
+} from './utils.js';
+// @ts-expect-error Cannot find module 'astro/assets' or its corresponding type declarations.
+import { emitESMImage } from 'astro/assets';
+import type { Plugin as VitePlugin } from 'vite';
 
 type SetupHookParams = HookParameters<'astro:config:setup'> & {
 	// `contentEntryType` is not a public API
@@ -11,12 +25,24 @@ type SetupHookParams = HookParameters<'astro:config:setup'> & {
 	addContentEntryType: (contentEntryType: ContentEntryType) => void;
 };
 
-export default function markdoc(markdocConfig: Config = {}): AstroIntegration {
+export default function markdocIntegration(
+	userMarkdocConfig: ReadonlyMarkdocConfig = {}
+): AstroIntegration {
 	return {
 		name: '@astrojs/markdoc',
 		hooks: {
 			'astro:config:setup': async (params) => {
-				const { updateConfig, config, addContentEntryType } = params as SetupHookParams;
+				const {
+					updateConfig,
+					config: astroConfig,
+					addContentEntryType,
+				} = params as SetupHookParams;
+
+				updateConfig({
+					vite: {
+						plugins: [safeAssetsVirtualModulePlugin({ astroConfig })],
+					},
+				});
 
 				function getEntryInfo({ fileUrl, contents }: { fileUrl: URL; contents: string }) {
 					const parsed = parseFrontmatter(contents, fileURLToPath(fileUrl));
@@ -30,16 +56,44 @@ export default function markdoc(markdocConfig: Config = {}): AstroIntegration {
 				addContentEntryType({
 					extensions: ['.mdoc'],
 					getEntryInfo,
-					getRenderModule({ entry }) {
-						validateRenderProperties(markdocConfig, config);
+					async getRenderModule({ entry }) {
+						validateRenderProperties(userMarkdocConfig, astroConfig);
 						const ast = Markdoc.parse(entry.body);
-						const content = Markdoc.transform(ast, {
-							...markdocConfig,
+						const pluginContext = this;
+						const markdocConfig: MarkdocConfig = {
+							...userMarkdocConfig,
 							variables: {
-								...markdocConfig.variables,
+								...userMarkdocConfig.variables,
 								entry,
 							},
-						});
+						};
+
+						if (astroConfig.experimental?.assets) {
+							await emitOptimizedImages(ast.children, {
+								astroConfig,
+								pluginContext,
+								filePath: entry._internal.filePath,
+							});
+
+							markdocConfig.nodes ??= {};
+							markdocConfig.nodes.image = {
+								...Markdoc.nodes.image,
+								transform(node, config) {
+									const attributes = node.transformAttributes(config);
+									const children = node.transformChildren(config);
+
+									if (node.type === 'image' && '__optimizedSrc' in node.attributes) {
+										const { __optimizedSrc, ...rest } = node.attributes;
+										return new Markdoc.Tag('Image', { ...rest, src: __optimizedSrc }, children);
+									} else {
+										return new Markdoc.Tag('img', attributes, children);
+									}
+								},
+							};
+						}
+
+						const content = Markdoc.transform(ast, markdocConfig);
+
 						return {
 							code: `import { jsx as h } from 'astro/jsx-runtime';\nimport { Renderer } from '@astrojs/markdoc/components';\nconst transformedContent = ${JSON.stringify(
 								content
@@ -56,7 +110,54 @@ export default function markdoc(markdocConfig: Config = {}): AstroIntegration {
 	};
 }
 
-function validateRenderProperties(markdocConfig: Config, astroConfig: AstroConfig) {
+/**
+ * Emits optimized images, and appends the generated `src` to each AST node
+ * via the `__optimizedSrc` attribute.
+ */
+async function emitOptimizedImages(
+	nodeChildren: Node[],
+	ctx: {
+		pluginContext: rollup.PluginContext;
+		filePath: string;
+		astroConfig: AstroConfig;
+	}
+) {
+	for (const node of nodeChildren) {
+		if (
+			node.type === 'image' &&
+			typeof node.attributes.src === 'string' &&
+			shouldOptimizeImage(node.attributes.src)
+		) {
+			// Attempt to resolve source with Vite.
+			// This handles relative paths and configured aliases
+			const resolved = await ctx.pluginContext.resolve(node.attributes.src, ctx.filePath);
+
+			if (resolved?.id && fs.existsSync(new URL(prependForwardSlash(resolved.id), 'file://'))) {
+				const src = await emitESMImage(
+					resolved.id,
+					ctx.pluginContext.meta.watchMode,
+					ctx.pluginContext.emitFile,
+					{ config: ctx.astroConfig }
+				);
+				node.attributes.__optimizedSrc = src;
+			} else {
+				throw new MarkdocError({
+					message: `Could not resolve image ${JSON.stringify(
+						node.attributes.src
+					)} from ${JSON.stringify(ctx.filePath)}. Does the file exist?`,
+				});
+			}
+		}
+		await emitOptimizedImages(node.children, ctx);
+	}
+}
+
+function shouldOptimizeImage(src: string) {
+	// Optimize anything that is NOT external or an absolute path to `public/`
+	return !isValidUrl(src) && !src.startsWith('/');
+}
+
+function validateRenderProperties(markdocConfig: ReadonlyMarkdocConfig, astroConfig: AstroConfig) {
 	const tags = markdocConfig.tags ?? {};
 	const nodes = markdocConfig.nodes ?? {};
 
@@ -105,3 +206,37 @@ function validateRenderProperty({
 function isCapitalized(str: string) {
 	return str.length > 0 && str[0] === str[0].toUpperCase();
 }
+
+/**
+ * TODO: remove when `experimental.assets` is baselined.
+ *
+ * `astro:assets` will fail to resolve if the `experimental.assets` flag is not enabled.
+ * This ensures a fallback for the Markdoc renderer to safely import at the top level.
+ * @see ../components/TreeNode.ts
+ */
+function safeAssetsVirtualModulePlugin({
+	astroConfig,
+}: {
+	astroConfig: Pick<AstroConfig, 'experimental'>;
+}): VitePlugin {
+	const virtualModuleId = 'astro:markdoc-assets';
+	const resolvedVirtualModuleId = '\0' + virtualModuleId;
+
+	return {
+		name: 'astro:markdoc-safe-assets-virtual-module',
+		resolveId(id) {
+			if (id === virtualModuleId) {
+				return resolvedVirtualModuleId;
+			}
+		},
+		load(id) {
+			if (id !== resolvedVirtualModuleId) return;
+
+			if (astroConfig.experimental?.assets) {
+				return `export { Image } from 'astro:assets';`;
+			} else {
+				return `export const Image = () => { throw new Error('Cannot use the Image component without the \`experimental.assets\` flag.'); }`;
+			}
+		},
+	};
+}
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/src/utils.ts b/packages/integrations/markdoc/src/utils.ts
index 275c711f0..9d6e5af26 100644
--- a/packages/integrations/markdoc/src/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/src/utils.ts
@@ -145,3 +145,12 @@ const componentsPropValidator = z.record(
 export function isCapitalized(str: string) {
 	return str.length > 0 && str[0] === str[0].toUpperCase();
 }
+
+export function isValidUrl(str: string): boolean {
+	try {
+		new URL(str);
+		return true;
+	} catch {
+		return false;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/astro.config.mjs b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/astro.config.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e64af363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/astro.config.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
+import markdoc from '@astrojs/markdoc';
+
+// https://astro.build/config
+export default defineConfig({
+	experimental: {
+		assets: true,
+	},
+	integrations: [markdoc()],
+});
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/package.json b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30df52c2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "name": "@test/image-assets",
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@astrojs/markdoc": "workspace:*",
+    "astro": "workspace:*"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/assets/alias/cityscape.jpg b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/assets/alias/cityscape.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6130e2c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/assets/alias/cityscape.jpg
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/assets/relative/oar.jpg b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/assets/relative/oar.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e15f2e038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/assets/relative/oar.jpg
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/content/docs/intro.mdoc b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/content/docs/intro.mdoc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae5fced49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/content/docs/intro.mdoc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Image assets
+
+![Favicon](/favicon.svg) {% #public %}
+
+![Oar](../../assets/relative/oar.jpg) {% #relative %}
+
+![Gray cityscape arial view](~/assets/alias/cityscape.jpg) {% #alias %}
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/pages/index.astro b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/pages/index.astro
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51810b4a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/pages/index.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+import { getEntryBySlug } from 'astro:content';
+
+const intro = await getEntryBySlug('docs', 'intro');
+const { Content } = await intro.render();
+---
+
+<html lang="en">
+	<head>
+		<meta charset="utf-8" />
+		<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/favicon.svg" />
+		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
+		<meta name="generator" content={Astro.generator} />
+		<title>Astro</title>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+		<Content />
+	</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/public/favicon.svg b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/public/favicon.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f157bd1c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets/src/public/favicon.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 128 128">
+    <path d="M50.4 78.5a75.1 75.1 0 0 0-28.5 6.9l24.2-65.7c.7-2 1.9-3.2 3.4-3.2h29c1.5 0 2.7 1.2 3.4 3.2l24.2 65.7s-11.6-7-28.5-7L67 45.5c-.4-1.7-1.6-2.8-2.9-2.8-1.3 0-2.5 1.1-2.9 2.7L50.4 78.5Zm-1.1 28.2Zm-4.2-20.2c-2 6.6-.6 15.8 4.2 20.2a17.5 17.5 0 0 1 .2-.7 5.5 5.5 0 0 1 5.7-4.5c2.8.1 4.3 1.5 4.7 4.7.2 1.1.2 2.3.2 3.5v.4c0 2.7.7 5.2 2.2 7.4a13 13 0 0 0 5.7 4.9v-.3l-.2-.3c-1.8-5.6-.5-9.5 4.4-12.8l1.5-1a73 73 0 0 0 3.2-2.2 16 16 0 0 0 6.8-11.4c.3-2 .1-4-.6-6l-.8.6-1.6 1a37 37 0 0 1-22.4 2.7c-5-.7-9.7-2-13.2-6.2Z" />
+    <style>
+        path { fill: #000; }
+        @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+            path { fill: #FFF; }
+        }
+    </style>
+</svg>
diff --git a/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/image-assets.test.js b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/image-assets.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..313977934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/integrations/markdoc/test/image-assets.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import { parseHTML } from 'linkedom';
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import { loadFixture } from '../../../astro/test/test-utils.js';
+
+const root = new URL('./fixtures/image-assets/', import.meta.url);
+
+describe('Markdoc - Image assets', () => {
+	let baseFixture;
+
+	before(async () => {
+		baseFixture = await loadFixture({
+			root,
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('dev', () => {
+		let devServer;
+
+		before(async () => {
+			devServer = await baseFixture.startDevServer();
+		});
+
+		after(async () => {
+			await devServer.stop();
+		});
+
+		it('uses public/ image paths unchanged', async () => {
+			const res = await baseFixture.fetch('/');
+			const html = await res.text();
+			const { document } = parseHTML(html);
+			expect(document.querySelector('#public > img')?.src).to.equal('/favicon.svg');
+		});
+
+		it('transforms relative image paths to optimized path', async () => {
+			const res = await baseFixture.fetch('/');
+			const html = await res.text();
+			const { document } = parseHTML(html);
+			expect(document.querySelector('#relative > img')?.src).to.equal(
+				'/_image?href=%2Fsrc%2Fassets%2Frelative%2Foar.jpg%3ForigWidth%3D420%26origHeight%3D630%26origFormat%3Djpg&f=webp'
+			);
+		});
+
+		it('transforms aliased image paths to optimized path', async () => {
+			const res = await baseFixture.fetch('/');
+			const html = await res.text();
+			const { document } = parseHTML(html);
+			expect(document.querySelector('#alias > img')?.src).to.equal(
+				'/_image?href=%2Fsrc%2Fassets%2Falias%2Fcityscape.jpg%3ForigWidth%3D420%26origHeight%3D280%26origFormat%3Djpg&f=webp'
+			);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('build', () => {
+		before(async () => {
+			await baseFixture.build();
+		});
+
+		it('uses public/ image paths unchanged', async () => {
+			const html = await baseFixture.readFile('/index.html');
+			const { document } = parseHTML(html);
+			expect(document.querySelector('#public > img')?.src).to.equal('/favicon.svg');
+		});
+
+		it('transforms relative image paths to optimized path', async () => {
+			const html = await baseFixture.readFile('/index.html');
+			const { document } = parseHTML(html);
+			expect(document.querySelector('#relative > img')?.src).to.match(/^\/_astro\/oar.*\.webp$/);
+		});
+
+		it('transforms aliased image paths to optimized path', async () => {
+			const html = await baseFixture.readFile('/index.html');
+			const { document } = parseHTML(html);
+			expect(document.querySelector('#alias > img')?.src).to.match(/^\/_astro\/cityscape.*\.webp$/);
+		});
+	});
+});
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 37491d8c7..441fe16a7 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -3080,6 +3080,7 @@ importers:
       gray-matter: ^4.0.3
       linkedom: ^0.14.12
       mocha: ^9.2.2
+      rollup: ^3.20.1
       vite: ^4.0.3
       zod: ^3.17.3
     dependencies:
@@ -3096,6 +3097,7 @@ importers:
       devalue: 4.2.3
       linkedom: 0.14.21
       mocha: 9.2.2
+      rollup: 3.20.1
       vite: 4.1.2
 
   packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/content-collections:
@@ -3119,6 +3121,14 @@ importers:
       '@astrojs/markdoc': link:../../..
       astro: link:../../../../../astro
 
+  packages/integrations/markdoc/test/fixtures/image-assets:
+    specifiers:
+      '@astrojs/markdoc': workspace:*
+      astro: workspace:*
+    dependencies:
+      '@astrojs/markdoc': link:../../..
+      astro: link:../../../../../astro
+
   packages/integrations/mdx:
     specifiers:
       '@astrojs/markdown-remark': ^2.1.2
@@ -14921,6 +14931,14 @@ packages:
     optionalDependencies:
       fsevents: 2.3.2
 
+  /rollup/3.20.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-sz2w8cBJlWQ2E17RcpvHuf4sk2BQx4tfKDnjNPikEpLEevrbIAR7CH3PGa2hpPwWbNgPaA9yh9Jzljds5bc9zg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=14.18.0', npm: '>=8.0.0'}
+    hasBin: true
+    optionalDependencies:
+      fsevents: 2.3.2
+    dev: true
+
   /run-parallel/1.2.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-5l4VyZR86LZ/lDxZTR6jqL8AFE2S0IFLMP26AbjsLVADxHdhB/c0GUsH+y39UfCi3dzz8OlQuPmnaJOMoDHQBA==}
     dependencies: