Experimental Prerender API (#5297)

* wip: hybrid output

* wip: hybrid output mvp

* refactor: move hybrid => server

* wip: hybrid support for `output: 'server'`

* feat(hybrid): overwrite static files

* fix: update static build

* feat(hybrid): skip page generation if no static entrypoints

* feat: migrate from hybrid output => prerender flag

* fix: appease typescript

* fix: appease typescript

* fix: appease typescript

* fix: appease typescript

* fix: improve static cleanup

* attempt: avoid preprocess scanning

* hack: force generated .js files to be treated as ESM

* better handling for astro metadata

* fix: update scanner plugin

* fix: page name bug

* fix: keep ssr false when generating pages

* fix: force output to be treated as ESM

* fix: client output should respect buildConfig

* fix: ensure outDir is always created

* fix: do not replace files with noop

* fix(netlify): add support for `experimental_prerender` pages

* feat: switch to `experimental_prerender`

* chore: update es-module-lexer code in test

* feat: improved code-splitting, cleanup

* feat: move prerender behind flag

* test: prerender

* test: update prerender test

* chore: update lockfile

* fix: only match `.html` files when resolving assets

* chore: update changeset

* chore: remove ESM hack

* chore: allow `--experimental-prerender` flag, move `--experimental-error-overlay` into subobject

* chore: update changeset

* test(vite-plugin-scanner): add proper unit tests for vite-plugin-scanner

* chore: remove leftover code

* chore: add comment on cleanup task

* refactor: move manual chunks logic to vite-plugin-prerender

* fix: do not support let declarations

* test: add var test

* refactor: prefer existing util

* Update packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts

Co-authored-by: Chris Swithinbank <swithinbank@gmail.com>

* Update packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts

Co-authored-by: Chris Swithinbank <swithinbank@gmail.com>

* Update packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts

Co-authored-by: Chris Swithinbank <swithinbank@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Nate Moore <nate@astro.build>
Co-authored-by: Chris Swithinbank <swithinbank@gmail.com>

41 files changed, 701 insertions, 68 deletions

diff --git a/.changeset/funny-waves-worry.md b/.changeset/funny-waves-worry.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..361fac880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/funny-waves-worry.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+'astro': minor
+'@astrojs/netlify': minor
+---
+
+Introduces the **experimental** Prerender API.
+
+> **Note**
+> This API is not yet stable and is subject to possible breaking changes!
+
+- Deploy an Astro server without sacrificing the speed or cacheability of static HTML.
+- The Prerender API allows you to statically prerender specific `pages/` at build time.
+
+**Usage**
+
+- First, run `astro build --experimental-prerender` or enable `experimental: { prerender: true }` in your `astro.config.mjs` file.
+- Then, include `export const prerender = true` in any file in the `pages/` directory that you wish to prerender.
diff --git a/packages/astro/e2e/error-cyclic.test.js b/packages/astro/e2e/error-cyclic.test.js
index 98c3f19d5..5bdef236e 100644
--- a/packages/astro/e2e/error-cyclic.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/e2e/error-cyclic.test.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import { testFactory, getErrorOverlayContent } from './test-utils.js';
 
 const test = testFactory({
-	experimentalErrorOverlay: true,
+	experimental: { errorOverlay: true },
 	root: './fixtures/error-cyclic/',
 });
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/e2e/error-react-spectrum.test.js b/packages/astro/e2e/error-react-spectrum.test.js
index eacaaadc2..05b1cf2a2 100644
--- a/packages/astro/e2e/error-react-spectrum.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/e2e/error-react-spectrum.test.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import { testFactory, getErrorOverlayContent } from './test-utils.js';
 
 const test = testFactory({
-	experimentalErrorOverlay: true,
+	experimental: { errorOverlay: true },
 	root: './fixtures/error-react-spectrum/',
 });
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/e2e/error-sass.test.js b/packages/astro/e2e/error-sass.test.js
index 5fbd10976..ec8ab89f2 100644
--- a/packages/astro/e2e/error-sass.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/e2e/error-sass.test.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import { testFactory, getErrorOverlayContent } from './test-utils.js';
 
 const test = testFactory({
-	experimentalErrorOverlay: true,
+	experimental: { errorOverlay: true },
 	root: './fixtures/error-sass/',
 });
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/e2e/errors.test.js b/packages/astro/e2e/errors.test.js
index ba43851b0..0de23f7c1 100644
--- a/packages/astro/e2e/errors.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/e2e/errors.test.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import { getErrorOverlayContent, testFactory } from './test-utils.js';
 
 const test = testFactory({
-	experimentalErrorOverlay: true,
+	experimental: { errorOverlay: true },
 	root: './fixtures/errors/',
 });
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/package.json b/packages/astro/package.json
index 7b9d13a6d..4e9e9dc91 100644
--- a/packages/astro/package.json
+++ b/packages/astro/package.json
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
     "debug": "^4.3.4",
     "deepmerge-ts": "^4.2.2",
     "diff": "^5.1.0",
-    "es-module-lexer": "^0.10.5",
+    "es-module-lexer": "^1.1.0",
     "execa": "^6.1.0",
     "fast-glob": "^3.2.11",
     "github-slugger": "^1.4.0",
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts b/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
index 55620c745..d5ff981d7 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ export interface CLIFlags {
 	config?: string;
 	drafts?: boolean;
 	experimentalErrorOverlay?: boolean;
+	experimentalPrerender?: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface BuildConfig {
@@ -895,11 +896,41 @@ export interface AstroUserConfig {
 		astroFlavoredMarkdown?: boolean;
 	};
 
-	/**
-	 * @hidden
-	 * Turn on experimental support for the new error overlay component.
+		/**
+	 * @docs
+	 * @kind heading
+	 * @name Experimental Flags
+	 * @description
+	 * Astro offers experimental flags to give users early access to new features.
+	 * These flags are not guaranteed to be stable.
 	 */
-	experimentalErrorOverlay?: boolean;
+	experimental?: {
+		/**
+			* @hidden
+			* Turn on experimental support for the new error overlay component.
+			*/
+		errorOverlay?: boolean;
+		/**
+		 * @docs
+		 * @name experimental.prerender
+		 * @type {boolean}
+		 * @default `false`
+		 * @version 1.7.0
+		 * @description
+		 * Enable experimental support for prerendered pages when generating a server.
+		 *
+		 * To enable this feature, set `experimental.prerender` to `true` in your Astro config:
+		 *
+		 * ```js
+		 * {
+		 * 	experimental: {
+		 *		prerender: true,
+		 * 	},
+		 * }
+		 * ```
+		 */
+		prerender?: boolean;
+	};
 
 	// Legacy options to be removed
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/app/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/app/index.ts
index c7b8616ef..529a450f9 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/app/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/app/index.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import {
 	createLinkStylesheetElementSet,
 	createModuleScriptElement,
 } from '../render/ssr-element.js';
-import { matchRoute } from '../routing/match.js';
+import { matchAssets, matchRoute } from '../routing/match.js';
 export { deserializeManifest } from './common.js';
 
 export const pagesVirtualModuleId = '@astrojs-pages-virtual-entry';
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ export class App {
 		let routeData = matchRoute(pathname, this.#manifestData);
 
 		if (routeData) {
+			const asset = matchAssets(routeData, this.#manifest.assets);
+			if (asset) return undefined;
 			return routeData;
 		} else if (matchNotFound) {
 			return matchRoute('/404', this.#manifestData);
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/common.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/common.ts
index e05ce6d9e..642db2fe5 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/common.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/common.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import npath from 'path';
+import { createHash } from 'crypto'
 import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from 'url';
 import type { AstroConfig, RouteType } from '../../@types/astro';
 import { appendForwardSlash } from '../../core/path.js';
@@ -7,7 +8,11 @@ const STATUS_CODE_PAGES = new Set(['/404', '/500']);
 const FALLBACK_OUT_DIR_NAME = './.astro/';
 
 function getOutRoot(astroConfig: AstroConfig): URL {
-	return new URL('./', astroConfig.outDir);
+	if (astroConfig.output === 'static') {
+		return new URL('./', astroConfig.outDir);
+	} else {
+		return new URL('./', astroConfig.build.client);
+	}
 }
 
 export function getOutFolder(
@@ -41,7 +46,7 @@ export function getOutFile(
 	astroConfig: AstroConfig,
 	outFolder: URL,
 	pathname: string,
-	routeType: RouteType
+	routeType: RouteType,
 ): URL {
 	switch (routeType) {
 		case 'endpoint':
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/generate.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/generate.ts
index a92006fe1..ba95faadc 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/generate.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/generate.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import type {
 	RouteType,
 	SSRLoadedRenderer,
 } from '../../@types/astro';
-import type { BuildInternals } from '../../core/build/internal.js';
+import { BuildInternals, hasPrerenderedPages } from '../../core/build/internal.js';
 import {
 	prependForwardSlash,
 	removeLeadingForwardSlash,
@@ -29,7 +29,12 @@ import { createRequest } from '../request.js';
 import { matchRoute } from '../routing/match.js';
 import { getOutputFilename } from '../util.js';
 import { getOutDirWithinCwd, getOutFile, getOutFolder } from './common.js';
-import { eachPageData, getPageDataByComponent, sortedCSS } from './internal.js';
+import {
+	eachPrerenderedPageData,
+	eachPageData,
+	getPageDataByComponent,
+	sortedCSS,
+} from './internal.js';
 import type { PageBuildData, SingleFileBuiltModule, StaticBuildOptions } from './types';
 import { getTimeStat } from './util.js';
 
@@ -70,17 +75,27 @@ export function chunkIsPage(
 
 export async function generatePages(opts: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildInternals) {
 	const timer = performance.now();
-	info(opts.logging, null, `\n${bgGreen(black(' generating static routes '))}`);
-
 	const ssr = opts.settings.config.output === 'server';
 	const serverEntry = opts.buildConfig.serverEntry;
 	const outFolder = ssr ? opts.buildConfig.server : getOutDirWithinCwd(opts.settings.config.outDir);
+
+	if (opts.settings.config.experimental.prerender && opts.settings.config.output === 'server' && !hasPrerenderedPages(internals)) return;
+
+	const verb = ssr ? 'prerendering' : 'generating';
+	info(opts.logging, null, `\n${bgGreen(black(` ${verb} static routes `))}`);
+
 	const ssrEntryURL = new URL('./' + serverEntry + `?time=${Date.now()}`, outFolder);
 	const ssrEntry = await import(ssrEntryURL.toString());
 	const builtPaths = new Set<string>();
 
-	for (const pageData of eachPageData(internals)) {
-		await generatePage(opts, internals, pageData, ssrEntry, builtPaths);
+	if (opts.settings.config.experimental.prerender && opts.settings.config.output === 'server') {
+		for (const pageData of eachPrerenderedPageData(internals)) {
+			await generatePage(opts, internals, pageData, ssrEntry, builtPaths);
+		}
+	} else {
+		for (const pageData of eachPageData(internals)) {
+			await generatePage(opts, internals, pageData, ssrEntry, builtPaths);
+		}
 	}
 
 	await runHookBuildGenerated({
@@ -106,7 +121,7 @@ async function generatePage(
 	const linkIds: string[] = sortedCSS(pageData);
 	const scripts = pageInfo?.hoistedScript ?? null;
 
-	const pageModule = ssrEntry.pageMap.get(pageData.component);
+	const pageModule = ssrEntry.pageMap?.get(pageData.component);
 
 	if (!pageModule) {
 		throw new Error(
@@ -163,7 +178,7 @@ async function getPathsForRoute(
 			route: pageData.route,
 			isValidate: false,
 			logging: opts.logging,
-			ssr: opts.settings.config.output === 'server',
+			ssr: false,
 		})
 			.then((_result) => {
 				const label = _result.staticPaths.length === 1 ? 'page' : 'pages';
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/internal.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/internal.ts
index ffb7fb7b9..9a7f97326 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/internal.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/internal.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import type { OutputChunk, RenderedChunk } from 'rollup';
-import type { PageBuildData, ViteID } from './types';
+import type { PageBuildData, PageOutput, ViteID } from './types';
 
 import { prependForwardSlash, removeFileExtension } from '../path.js';
 import { viteID } from '../util.js';
+import { PageOptions } from '../../vite-plugin-astro/types';
 
 export interface BuildInternals {
 	/**
@@ -21,11 +22,21 @@ export interface BuildInternals {
 	entrySpecifierToBundleMap: Map<string, string>;
 
 	/**
+	 * A map to get a specific page's bundled output file.
+	 */
+	pageToBundleMap: Map<string, string>;
+
+	/**
 	 * A map for page-specific information.
 	 */
 	pagesByComponent: Map<string, PageBuildData>;
 
 	/**
+	 * A map for page-specific output.
+	 */
+	pageOptionsByPage: Map<string, PageOptions>;
+
+	/**
 	 * A map for page-specific information by Vite ID (a path-like string)
 	 */
 	pagesByViteID: Map<ViteID, PageBuildData>;
@@ -73,8 +84,10 @@ export function createBuildInternals(): BuildInternals {
 		hoistedScriptIdToHoistedMap,
 		hoistedScriptIdToPagesMap,
 		entrySpecifierToBundleMap: new Map<string, string>(),
+		pageToBundleMap: new Map<string, string>(),
 
 		pagesByComponent: new Map(),
+		pageOptionsByPage: new Map(),
 		pagesByViteID: new Map(),
 		pagesByClientOnly: new Map(),
 
@@ -189,6 +202,31 @@ export function* eachPageData(internals: BuildInternals) {
 	yield* internals.pagesByComponent.values();
 }
 
+export function hasPrerenderedPages(internals: BuildInternals) {
+	for (const id of internals.pagesByViteID.keys()) {
+		if (internals.pageOptionsByPage.get(id)?.prerender) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+export function* eachPrerenderedPageData(internals: BuildInternals) {
+	for (const [id, pageData] of internals.pagesByViteID.entries()) {
+		if (internals.pageOptionsByPage.get(id)?.prerender) {
+			yield pageData;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+export function* eachServerPageData(internals: BuildInternals) {
+	for (const [id, pageData] of internals.pagesByViteID.entries()) {
+		if (!internals.pageOptionsByPage.get(id)?.prerender) {
+			yield pageData;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /**
  * Sort a page's CSS by depth. A higher depth means that the CSS comes from shared subcomponents.
  * A lower depth means it comes directly from the top-level page.
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts
index 78c14973f..59941f089 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/static-build.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ import { bgGreen, bgMagenta, black, dim } from 'kleur/colors';
 import path from 'path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
 import * as vite from 'vite';
-import { BuildInternals, createBuildInternals } from '../../core/build/internal.js';
+import {
+	BuildInternals,
+	createBuildInternals,
+	eachPrerenderedPageData,
+} from '../../core/build/internal.js';
 import { emptyDir, removeDir } from '../../core/fs/index.js';
 import { prependForwardSlash } from '../../core/path.js';
 import { isModeServerWithNoAdapter } from '../../core/util.js';
@@ -18,11 +22,13 @@ import { trackPageData } from './internal.js';
 import type { PageBuildData, StaticBuildOptions } from './types';
 import { getTimeStat } from './util.js';
 import { vitePluginAnalyzer } from './vite-plugin-analyzer.js';
+import { vitePluginPrerender } from './vite-plugin-prerender.js';
 import { rollupPluginAstroBuildCSS } from './vite-plugin-css.js';
 import { vitePluginHoistedScripts } from './vite-plugin-hoisted-scripts.js';
 import { vitePluginInternals } from './vite-plugin-internals.js';
 import { vitePluginPages } from './vite-plugin-pages.js';
 import { injectManifest, vitePluginSSR } from './vite-plugin-ssr.js';
+import * as eslexer from 'es-module-lexer';
 
 export async function staticBuild(opts: StaticBuildOptions) {
 	const { allPages, settings } = opts;
@@ -88,15 +94,33 @@ export async function staticBuild(opts: StaticBuildOptions) {
 	await clientBuild(opts, internals, clientInput);
 
 	timer.generate = performance.now();
-	if (settings.config.output === 'static') {
-		await generatePages(opts, internals);
-		await cleanSsrOutput(opts);
+	if (!settings.config.experimental.prerender) {
+		if (settings.config.output === 'static') {
+			await generatePages(opts, internals);
+			await cleanServerOutput(opts);
+		} else {
+			// Inject the manifest
+			await injectManifest(opts, internals);
+
+			info(opts.logging, null, `\n${bgMagenta(black(' finalizing server assets '))}\n`);
+			await ssrMoveAssets(opts);
+		}
 	} else {
-		// Inject the manifest
-		await injectManifest(opts, internals);
-
-		info(opts.logging, null, `\n${bgMagenta(black(' finalizing server assets '))}\n`);
-		await ssrMoveAssets(opts);
+		switch (settings.config.output) {
+			case 'static': {
+				await generatePages(opts, internals);
+				await cleanServerOutput(opts);
+				return;
+			}
+			case 'server': {
+				await injectManifest(opts, internals);
+				await generatePages(opts, internals);
+				await cleanStaticOutput(opts, internals);
+				info(opts.logging, null, `\n${bgMagenta(black(' finalizing server assets '))}\n`);
+				await ssrMoveAssets(opts);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -134,6 +158,7 @@ async function ssrBuild(opts: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildInternals, inp
 			reportCompressedSize: false,
 		},
 		plugins: [
+			vitePluginAnalyzer(internals),
 			vitePluginInternals(input, internals),
 			vitePluginPages(opts, internals),
 			rollupPluginAstroBuildCSS({
@@ -141,10 +166,10 @@ async function ssrBuild(opts: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildInternals, inp
 				internals,
 				target: 'server',
 			}),
+			vitePluginPrerender(opts, internals),
 			...(viteConfig.plugins || []),
 			// SSR needs to be last
-			settings.config.output === 'server' && vitePluginSSR(internals, settings.adapter!),
-			vitePluginAnalyzer(internals),
+			ssr && vitePluginSSR(internals, settings.adapter!),
 		],
 		envPrefix: 'PUBLIC_',
 		base: settings.config.base,
@@ -169,7 +194,12 @@ async function clientBuild(
 	const { settings, viteConfig } = opts;
 	const timer = performance.now();
 	const ssr = settings.config.output === 'server';
-	const out = ssr ? opts.buildConfig.client : settings.config.outDir;
+	let out;
+	if (!opts.settings.config.experimental.prerender) {
+		out = ssr ? opts.buildConfig.client : settings.config.outDir;
+	} else {
+		out = ssr ? opts.buildConfig.client : getOutDirWithinCwd(settings.config.outDir);
+	}
 
 	// Nothing to do if there is no client-side JS.
 	if (!input.size) {
@@ -232,7 +262,77 @@ async function clientBuild(
 	return buildResult;
 }
 
-async function cleanSsrOutput(opts: StaticBuildOptions) {
+/**
+ * For each statically prerendered page, replace their SSR file with a noop.
+ * This allows us to run the SSR build only once, but still remove dependencies for statically rendered routes.
+ */
+async function cleanStaticOutput(opts: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildInternals) {
+	const allStaticFiles = new Set();
+	for (const pageData of eachPrerenderedPageData(internals)) {
+		allStaticFiles.add(internals.pageToBundleMap.get(pageData.moduleSpecifier));
+	}
+	const ssr = opts.settings.config.output === 'server';
+	const out = ssr ? opts.buildConfig.server : getOutDirWithinCwd(opts.settings.config.outDir);
+	// The SSR output is all .mjs files, the client output is not.
+	const files = await glob('**/*.mjs', {
+		cwd: fileURLToPath(out),
+	});
+
+	if (files.length) {
+		await eslexer.init;
+
+		// Cleanup prerendered chunks.
+		// This has to happen AFTER the SSR build runs as a final step, because we need the code in order to generate the pages.
+		// These chunks should only contain prerendering logic, so they are safe to modify.
+		await Promise.all(
+			files.map(async (filename) => {
+				if (!allStaticFiles.has(filename)) {
+					return;
+				}
+				const url = new URL(filename, out);
+				const text = await fs.promises.readFile(url, { encoding: 'utf8' });
+				const [, exports] = eslexer.parse(text);
+				// Replace exports (only prerendered pages) with a noop
+				let value = 'const noop = () => {};';
+				for (const e of exports) {
+					value += `\nexport const ${e.n} = noop;`;
+				}
+				await fs.promises.writeFile(url, value, { encoding: 'utf8' });
+			})
+		);
+		// Map directories heads from the .mjs files
+		const directories: Set<string> = new Set();
+		files.forEach((i) => {
+			const splitFilePath = i.split(path.sep);
+			// If the path is more than just a .mjs filename itself
+			if (splitFilePath.length > 1) {
+				directories.add(splitFilePath[0]);
+			}
+		});
+		// Attempt to remove only those folders which are empty
+		await Promise.all(
+			Array.from(directories).map(async (filename) => {
+				const url = new URL(filename, out);
+				const folder = await fs.promises.readdir(url);
+				if (!folder.length) {
+					await fs.promises.rm(url, { recursive: true, force: true });
+				}
+			})
+		);
+	}
+
+	if (!opts.settings.config.experimental.prerender) {
+		// Clean out directly if the outDir is outside of root
+		if (out.toString() !== opts.settings.config.outDir.toString()) {
+			// Copy assets before cleaning directory if outside root
+			copyFiles(out, opts.settings.config.outDir);
+			await fs.promises.rm(out, { recursive: true });
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+async function cleanServerOutput(opts: StaticBuildOptions) {
 	const out = getOutDirWithinCwd(opts.settings.config.outDir);
 	// The SSR output is all .mjs files, the client output is not.
 	const files = await glob('**/*.mjs', {
@@ -259,8 +359,8 @@ async function cleanSsrOutput(opts: StaticBuildOptions) {
 		await Promise.all(
 			Array.from(directories).map(async (filename) => {
 				const url = new URL(filename, out);
-				const folder = await fs.promises.readdir(url);
-				if (!folder.length) {
+				const dir = await glob(fileURLToPath(url), { absolute: true });
+				if (!dir.length) {
 					await fs.promises.rm(url, { recursive: true, force: true });
 				}
 			})
@@ -303,16 +403,16 @@ async function ssrMoveAssets(opts: StaticBuildOptions) {
 		cwd: fileURLToPath(serverRoot),
 	});
 
-	// Make the directory
-	await fs.promises.mkdir(clientAssets, { recursive: true });
-
-	await Promise.all(
-		files.map(async (filename) => {
-			const currentUrl = new URL(filename, serverRoot);
-			const clientUrl = new URL(filename, clientRoot);
-			return fs.promises.rename(currentUrl, clientUrl);
-		})
-	);
-
-	removeDir(serverAssets);
+	if (files.length > 0) {
+		// Make the directory
+		await fs.promises.mkdir(clientAssets, { recursive: true });
+		await Promise.all(
+			files.map(async (filename) => {
+				const currentUrl = new URL(filename, serverRoot);
+				const clientUrl = new URL(filename, clientRoot);
+				return fs.promises.rename(currentUrl, clientUrl);
+			})
+		);
+		removeDir(serverAssets);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/types.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/types.ts
index 24b2b8f7b..fb5860015 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/types.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/types.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { InlineConfig } from 'vite';
 import type {
+	AstroConfig,
 	AstroSettings,
 	BuildConfig,
 	ComponentInstance,
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import type { RouteCache } from '../render/route-cache';
 
 export type ComponentPath = string;
 export type ViteID = string;
+export type PageOutput = AstroConfig['output']
 
 export interface PageBuildData {
 	component: ComponentPath;
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-analyzer.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-analyzer.ts
index 21aa1c2be..0e6a991bd 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-analyzer.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-analyzer.ts
@@ -74,12 +74,18 @@ export function vitePluginAnalyzer(internals: BuildInternals): VitePlugin {
 			const hoistScanner = hoistedScriptScanner();
 
 			const ids = this.getModuleIds();
+
 			for (const id of ids) {
 				const info = this.getModuleInfo(id);
 				if (!info || !info.meta?.astro) continue;
 
 				const astro = info.meta.astro as AstroPluginMetadata['astro'];
 
+				const pageData = getPageDataByViteID(internals, id);
+				if (pageData) {
+					internals.pageOptionsByPage.set(id, astro.pageOptions);
+				}
+
 				for (const c of astro.hydratedComponents) {
 					const rid = c.resolvedPath ? decodeURI(c.resolvedPath) : c.specifier;
 					internals.discoveredHydratedComponents.add(rid);
@@ -103,10 +109,10 @@ export function vitePluginAnalyzer(internals: BuildInternals): VitePlugin {
 					}
 
 					for (const [pageInfo] of getTopLevelPages(id, this)) {
-						const pageData = getPageDataByViteID(internals, pageInfo.id);
-						if (!pageData) continue;
+						const newPageData = getPageDataByViteID(internals, pageInfo.id);
+						if (!newPageData) continue;
 
-						trackClientOnlyPageDatas(internals, pageData, clientOnlys);
+						trackClientOnlyPageDatas(internals, newPageData, clientOnlys);
 					}
 				}
 			}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-internals.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-internals.ts
index b0f10f0fd..6e6b1e90c 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-internals.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-internals.ts
@@ -48,6 +48,13 @@ export function vitePluginInternals(input: Set<string>, internals: BuildInternal
 				if (chunk.type === 'chunk' && chunk.facadeModuleId) {
 					const specifier = mapping.get(chunk.facadeModuleId) || chunk.facadeModuleId;
 					internals.entrySpecifierToBundleMap.set(specifier, chunk.fileName);
+				} else if (chunk.type === 'chunk') {
+					for (const id of Object.keys(chunk.modules)) {
+						const pageData = internals.pagesByViteID.get(id);
+						if (pageData) {
+							internals.pageToBundleMap.set(pageData.moduleSpecifier, chunk.fileName)
+						}
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		},
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-pages.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-pages.ts
index 7b81ba398..83e9f4435 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-pages.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-pages.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { Plugin as VitePlugin } from 'vite';
 import { pagesVirtualModuleId, resolvedPagesVirtualModuleId } from '../app/index.js';
 import { addRollupInput } from './add-rollup-input.js';
-import type { BuildInternals } from './internal.js';
+import { BuildInternals, hasPrerenderedPages } from './internal.js';
 import { eachPageData } from './internal.js';
 import type { StaticBuildOptions } from './types';
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export function vitePluginPages(opts: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildIntern
 		name: '@astro/plugin-build-pages',
 
 		options(options) {
-			if (opts.settings.config.output === 'static') {
+			if (opts.settings.config.output === 'static' || hasPrerenderedPages(internals)) {
 				return addRollupInput(options, [pagesVirtualModuleId]);
 			}
 		},
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-prerender.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-prerender.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..974bdf41f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-prerender.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import type { Plugin as VitePlugin } from 'vite';
+import type { BuildInternals } from './internal.js';
+import type { StaticBuildOptions } from './types';
+
+export function vitePluginPrerender(opts: StaticBuildOptions, internals: BuildInternals): VitePlugin {
+	return {
+		name: 'astro:rollup-plugin-prerender',
+
+		outputOptions(outputOptions) {
+			// No-op if `prerender` is not enabled
+			if (!opts.settings.config.experimental.prerender) return;
+
+			const manualChunks = outputOptions.manualChunks || Function.prototype;
+			outputOptions.manualChunks = function (id, api, ...args) {
+				// Defer to user-provided `manualChunks`, if it was provided.
+				if (typeof manualChunks == 'object') {
+					if (id in manualChunks) {
+						return manualChunks[id];
+					}
+				} else if (typeof manualChunks === 'function') {
+					const outid = manualChunks.call(this, id, api, ...args);
+					if (outid) {
+						return outid;
+					}
+				}
+				// Split the Astro runtime into a separate chunk for readability
+				if (id.includes('astro/dist')) {
+					return 'astro';
+				}
+				const pageInfo = internals.pagesByViteID.get(id);
+				if (pageInfo) {
+					// prerendered pages should be split into their own chunk
+					// Important: this can't be in the `pages/` directory!
+					if (api.getModuleInfo(id)?.meta.astro?.pageOptions?.prerender) {
+						return `prerender`;
+					}
+					// pages should go in their own chunks/pages/* directory
+					return `pages${pageInfo.route.route.replace(/\/$/, '/index')}`;
+				}
+			};
+		},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-ssr.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-ssr.ts
index e0d6ca112..03a66e126 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-ssr.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/vite-plugin-ssr.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ import { pagesVirtualModuleId } from '../app/index.js';
 import { removeLeadingForwardSlash, removeTrailingForwardSlash } from '../path.js';
 import { serializeRouteData } from '../routing/index.js';
 import { addRollupInput } from './add-rollup-input.js';
-import { eachPageData, sortedCSS } from './internal.js';
+import { eachServerPageData, eachPrerenderedPageData, sortedCSS } from './internal.js';
+import { getOutFile, getOutFolder } from './common.js';
 
 export const virtualModuleId = '@astrojs-ssr-virtual-entry';
 const resolvedVirtualModuleId = '\0' + virtualModuleId;
@@ -43,6 +44,8 @@ const _manifest = Object.assign(_deserializeManifest('${manifestReplace}'), {
 });
 const _args = ${adapter.args ? JSON.stringify(adapter.args) : 'undefined'};
 
+export * from '${pagesVirtualModuleId}';
+
 ${
 	adapter.exports
 		? `const _exports = adapter.createExports(_manifest, _args);
@@ -136,7 +139,20 @@ function buildManifest(
 	const bareBase = removeTrailingForwardSlash(removeLeadingForwardSlash(settings.config.base));
 	const joinBase = (pth: string) => (bareBase ? bareBase + '/' + pth : pth);
 
-	for (const pageData of eachPageData(internals)) {
+	for (const pageData of eachPrerenderedPageData(internals)) {
+		const outFolder = getOutFolder(opts.settings.config, pageData.route.pathname!, pageData.route.type);
+		const outFile = getOutFile(opts.settings.config, outFolder, pageData.route.pathname!, pageData.route.type);
+		const file = outFile.toString().replace(opts.settings.config.build.client.toString(), '');
+		routes.push({
+			file,
+			links: [],
+			scripts: [],
+			routeData: serializeRouteData(pageData.route, settings.config.trailingSlash),
+		});
+		staticFiles.push(file);
+	}
+
+	for (const pageData of eachServerPageData(internals)) {
 		const scripts: SerializedRouteInfo['scripts'] = [];
 		if (pageData.hoistedScript) {
 			scripts.unshift(
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/config/config.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/config/config.ts
index 797b3f1ff..3524455f6 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/config/config.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/config/config.ts
@@ -104,6 +104,10 @@ export function resolveFlags(flags: Partial<Flags>): CLIFlags {
 			typeof flags.experimentalErrorOverlay === 'boolean'
 				? flags.experimentalErrorOverlay
 				: undefined,
+		experimentalPrerender:
+			typeof flags.experimentalPrerender === 'boolean'
+				? flags.experimentalPrerender
+				: undefined,
 	};
 }
 
@@ -118,6 +122,7 @@ export function resolveRoot(cwd?: string | URL): string {
 function mergeCLIFlags(astroConfig: AstroUserConfig, flags: CLIFlags, cmd: string) {
 	astroConfig.server = astroConfig.server || {};
 	astroConfig.markdown = astroConfig.markdown || {};
+	astroConfig.experimental = astroConfig.experimental || {};
 	if (typeof flags.site === 'string') astroConfig.site = flags.site;
 	if (typeof flags.base === 'string') astroConfig.base = flags.base;
 	if (typeof flags.drafts === 'boolean') astroConfig.markdown.drafts = flags.drafts;
@@ -131,7 +136,8 @@ function mergeCLIFlags(astroConfig: AstroUserConfig, flags: CLIFlags, cmd: strin
 		// TODO: Come back here and refactor to remove this expected error.
 		astroConfig.server.host = flags.host;
 	}
-	astroConfig.experimentalErrorOverlay = flags.experimentalErrorOverlay ?? false;
+	if (flags.experimentalErrorOverlay) astroConfig.experimental.errorOverlay = true;
+	if (flags.experimentalPrerender) astroConfig.experimental.prerender = true;
 	return astroConfig;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/config/schema.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/config/schema.ts
index 33ef28aa4..4c119a859 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/config/schema.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/config/schema.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ const ASTRO_CONFIG_DEFAULTS: AstroUserConfig & any = {
 	legacy: {
 		astroFlavoredMarkdown: false,
 	},
-	experimentalErrorOverlay: false,
+	experimental: {
+		errorOverlay: false,
+		prerender: false,
+	},
 };
 
 export const AstroConfigSchema = z.object({
@@ -188,6 +191,13 @@ export const AstroConfigSchema = z.object({
 	vite: z
 		.custom<ViteUserConfig>((data) => data instanceof Object && !Array.isArray(data))
 		.default(ASTRO_CONFIG_DEFAULTS.vite),
+	experimental: z
+		.object({
+			errorOverlay: z.boolean().optional().default(ASTRO_CONFIG_DEFAULTS.experimental.errorOverlay),
+			prerender: z.boolean().optional().default(ASTRO_CONFIG_DEFAULTS.experimental.prerender),
+		})
+		.optional()
+		.default({}),
 	legacy: z
 		.object({
 			astroFlavoredMarkdown: z
@@ -197,7 +207,6 @@ export const AstroConfigSchema = z.object({
 		})
 		.optional()
 		.default({}),
-	experimentalErrorOverlay: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
 });
 
 interface PostCSSConfigResult {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/create-vite.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/create-vite.ts
index 5b8991f02..9b6b9b3ab 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/create-vite.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/create-vite.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import markdownVitePlugin from '../vite-plugin-markdown/index.js';
 import astroScriptsPlugin from '../vite-plugin-scripts/index.js';
 import astroScriptsPageSSRPlugin from '../vite-plugin-scripts/page-ssr.js';
 import { createCustomViteLogger } from './errors/dev/index.js';
+import astroScannerPlugin from '../vite-plugin-scanner/index.js';
 import { resolveDependency } from './util.js';
 
 interface CreateViteOptions {
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ export async function createVite(
 			astroIntegrationsContainerPlugin({ settings, logging }),
 			astroScriptsPageSSRPlugin({ settings }),
 			astroHeadPropagationPlugin({ settings }),
+			settings.config.experimental.prerender && astroScannerPlugin({ settings, logging }),
 		],
 		publicDir: fileURLToPath(settings.config.publicDir),
 		root: fileURLToPath(settings.config.root),
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts
index 62ccbfd68..fb219d876 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts
@@ -393,6 +393,22 @@ See https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/server-side-rendering/ for more informati
 			`Could not render \`${componentName}\`. No matching import has been found for \`${componentName}\`.`,
 		hint: 'Please make sure the component is properly imported.',
 	},
+	/**
+	 * @docs
+	 * @description
+	 * A `prerender` export was detected, but the value was not statically analyzable. Values computed at runtime are not supported, so `export const prerender` can only be set to `true` or `false`. Variables are not supported.
+	 */
+	InvalidPrerenderExport: {
+		title: 'Invalid prerender export.',
+		code: 3019,
+		message: (prefix: string, suffix: string) => {
+			let msg = `A \`prerender\` export has been detected, but its value cannot be statically analyzed.`;
+			if (prefix !== 'const') msg += `\nExpected \`const\` declaration but got \`${prefix}\`.`
+			if (suffix !== 'true') msg += `\nExpected \`true\` value but got \`${suffix}\`.`
+			return msg;
+		},
+		hint: 'Mutable values declared at runtime are not supported. Please make sure to use exactly `export const prerender = true`.',
+	},
 	// Vite Errors - 4xxx
 	UnknownViteError: {
 		title: 'Unknown Vite Error.',
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/errors/overlay.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/errors/overlay.ts
index 431657292..464255a97 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/errors/overlay.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/errors/overlay.ts
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ function getOverlayCode() {
 }
 
 export function patchOverlay(code: string, config: AstroConfig) {
-	if (config.experimentalErrorOverlay) {
+	if (config.experimental.errorOverlay) {
 		return code.replace('class ErrorOverlay', getOverlayCode() + '\nclass ViteErrorOverlay');
 	} else {
 		// Legacy overlay
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/routing/match.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/routing/match.ts
index bc4987926..cb742a5aa 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/routing/match.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/routing/match.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,19 @@ export function matchRoute(pathname: string, manifest: ManifestData): RouteData
 	return manifest.routes.find((route) => route.pattern.test(pathname));
 }
 
+/** Find matching static asset from pathname */
+export function matchAssets(route: RouteData, assets: Set<string>): string | undefined {
+	for (const asset of assets) {
+		if (!asset.endsWith('.html')) continue;
+		if (route.pattern.test(asset)) {
+			return asset;
+		}
+		if (route.pattern.test(asset.replace(/index\.html$/, ''))) {
+			return asset;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /** Finds all matching routes from pathname */
 export function matchAllRoutes(pathname: string, manifest: ManifestData): RouteData[] {
 	return manifest.routes.filter((route) => route.pattern.test(pathname));
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/util.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/util.ts
index 01ed44237..d6f95062a 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/util.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/util.ts
@@ -140,6 +140,12 @@ export function isPage(file: URL, settings: AstroSettings): boolean {
 	return endsWithPageExt(file, settings);
 }
 
+export function isEndpoint(file: URL, settings: AstroSettings): boolean {
+	if (!isInPagesDir(file, settings.config)) return false;
+	if (!isPublicRoute(file, settings.config)) return false;
+	return !endsWithPageExt(file, settings);
+}
+
 export function isModeServerWithNoAdapter(settings: AstroSettings): boolean {
 	return settings.config.output === 'server' && !settings.adapter;
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/integrations/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/integrations/index.ts
index 7e826d48d..1769cf90b 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/integrations/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/integrations/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs';
 import { bold } from 'kleur/colors';
 import type { AddressInfo } from 'net';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
@@ -345,6 +346,7 @@ export async function runHookBuildDone({
 	logging: LogOptions;
 }) {
 	const dir = config.output === 'server' ? buildConfig.client : config.outDir;
+	await fs.promises.mkdir(dir, { recursive: true });
 
 	for (const integration of config.integrations) {
 		if (integration?.hooks?.['astro:build:done']) {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/jsx/babel.ts b/packages/astro/src/jsx/babel.ts
index 8e8df454a..88b01ad8d 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/jsx/babel.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/jsx/babel.ts
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ export default function astroJSX(): PluginObj {
 							hydratedComponents: [],
 							scripts: [],
 							propagation: 'none',
+							pageOptions: {},
 						};
 					}
 					path.node.body.splice(
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro/index.ts
index 0ecf91268..80b1aca82 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro/index.ts
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ export default function astro({ settings, logging }: AstroPluginOptions): vite.P
 				hydratedComponents: transformResult.hydratedComponents,
 				scripts: transformResult.scripts,
 				propagation: 'none',
+				pageOptions: {},
 			};
 
 			return {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro/types.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro/types.ts
index c9ac8332c..ebb1c7d39 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro/types.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro/types.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 import type { TransformResult } from '@astrojs/compiler';
 import type { PropagationHint } from '../@types/astro';
 
+export interface PageOptions {
+	prerender?: boolean;
+}
+
 export interface PluginMetadata {
 	astro: {
 		hydratedComponents: TransformResult['hydratedComponents'];
 		clientOnlyComponents: TransformResult['clientOnlyComponents'];
 		scripts: TransformResult['scripts'];
 		propagation: PropagationHint;
+		pageOptions: PageOptions;
 	};
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown-legacy/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown-legacy/index.ts
index e0d3f4d62..b72418bdb 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown-legacy/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown-legacy/index.ts
@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ ${tsResult}`;
 					hydratedComponents: transformResult.hydratedComponents,
 					scripts: transformResult.scripts,
 					propagation: 'none',
+					pageOptions: {},
 				};
 
 				return {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown/index.ts
index 46d84fffc..17d459570 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-markdown/index.ts
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ export default function markdown({ settings, logging }: AstroPluginOptions): Plu
 							clientOnlyComponents: [],
 							scripts: [],
 							propagation: 'none',
+							pageOptions: {},
 						} as PluginMetadata['astro'],
 						vite: {
 							lang: 'ts',
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1213652a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { Plugin as VitePlugin } from 'vite';
+import { AstroSettings } from '../@types/astro.js';
+import { isPage, isEndpoint } from '../core/util.js';
+import type { LogOptions } from '../core/logger/core.js';
+import { normalizeFilename } from '../vite-plugin-utils/index.js';
+
+import { scan } from './scan.js';
+
+export default function astroScannerPlugin({ settings, logging }: { settings: AstroSettings, logging: LogOptions }): VitePlugin {
+	return {
+		name: 'astro:scanner',
+		enforce: 'post',
+
+		async transform(this, code, id, options) {
+			if (!options?.ssr) return;
+
+			const filename = normalizeFilename(id, settings.config);
+			let fileURL: URL;
+			try {
+				fileURL = new URL(`file://${filename}`);
+			} catch (e) {
+				// If we can't construct a valid URL, exit early
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const fileIsPage = isPage(fileURL, settings);
+			const fileIsEndpoint = isEndpoint(fileURL, settings);
+			if (!(fileIsPage || fileIsEndpoint)) return;
+			const pageOptions = await scan(code, id)
+
+			const { meta = {} } = this.getModuleInfo(id) ?? {};
+			return {
+				code,
+				meta: {
+					...meta,
+					astro: {
+						...(meta.astro ?? { hydratedComponents: [], clientOnlyComponents: [], scripts: [] }),
+						pageOptions,
+					},
+				},
+			};
+		},
+	};
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/scan.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/scan.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51529e904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/scan.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import * as eslexer from 'es-module-lexer';
+import { PageOptions } from '../vite-plugin-astro/types.js';
+import { AstroError, AstroErrorCodes, AstroErrorData } from '../core/errors/index.js'
+
+const BOOLEAN_EXPORTS = new Set(['prerender']);
+
+// Quick scan to determine if code includes recognized export
+// False positives are not a problem, so be forgiving!
+function includesExport(code: string) {
+	for (const name of BOOLEAN_EXPORTS) {
+		if (code.includes(name)) return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+let didInit = false;
+
+export async function scan(code: string, id: string): Promise<PageOptions> {
+	if (!includesExport(code)) return {};
+	if (!didInit) {
+		await eslexer.init;
+		didInit = true;
+	}
+
+	const [_, exports] = eslexer.parse(code, id);
+	let pageOptions: PageOptions = {};
+	for (const _export of exports) {
+		const { n: name, le: endOfLocalName } = _export;
+		if (BOOLEAN_EXPORTS.has(name)) {
+			// For a given export, check the value of the local declaration
+			// Basically extract the `const` from the statement `export const prerender = true`
+			const prefix = code.slice(0, endOfLocalName).split('export').pop()!.trim().replace('prerender', '').trim();
+			// For a given export, check the value of the first non-whitespace token. 
+			// Basically extract the `true` from the statement `export const prerender = true`
+			const suffix = code.slice(endOfLocalName).trim().replace(/\=/, '').trim().split(/[;\n]/)[0];
+			if (prefix !== 'const' || !(suffix === 'true' || suffix === 'false')) {
+				throw new AstroError({
+					...AstroErrorData.InvalidPrerenderExport,
+					message: AstroErrorData.InvalidPrerenderExport.message(prefix, suffix),
+					location: { file: id }
+				});
+			} else {
+				pageOptions[name as keyof PageOptions] = suffix === 'true';
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return pageOptions;
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender/package.json b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28c9554db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "name": "@test/ssr-prerender",
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "dependencies": {
+    "astro": "workspace:*"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender/src/pages/static.astro b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender/src/pages/static.astro
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54680cfcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender/src/pages/static.astro
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+export const prerender = true;
+
+const { searchParams } = Astro.url;
+---
+
+<html>
+<head>
+	<title>Static Page</title>
+	<script>
+		console.log('hello world');
+	</script>
+</head>
+	<body>
+		<h1 id="greeting">Hello world!</h1>
+		<div id="searchparams">{searchParams.get('q')}</div>
+	</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender/src/pages/users/[id].astro b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender/src/pages/users/[id].astro
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f616356e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender/src/pages/users/[id].astro
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+const { id } = Astro.params;
+---
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<title>Testing</title>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+		<h1>Testing</h1>
+		<h2 class="user">{ id }</h2>
+	</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/ssr-prerender.test.js b/packages/astro/test/ssr-prerender.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e5d854b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/test/ssr-prerender.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import * as cheerio from 'cheerio';
+import { loadFixture } from './test-utils.js';
+import testAdapter from './test-adapter.js';
+
+describe('SSR: prerender', () => {
+	/** @type {import('./test-utils').Fixture} */
+	let fixture;
+
+	before(async () => {
+		fixture = await loadFixture({
+			root: './fixtures/ssr-prerender/',
+			output: 'server',
+			adapter: testAdapter(),
+			experimental: {
+				prerender: true,
+			},
+		});
+		await fixture.build();
+	});
+
+	describe('Prerendering', () => {
+		// Prerendered assets are not served directly by `app`,
+		// they're served _in front of_ the app as static assets!
+		it('Does not render static page', async () => {
+			const app = await fixture.loadTestAdapterApp();
+			const request = new Request('http://example.com/static');
+			const response = await app.render(request);
+			expect(response.status).to.equal(404);
+		});
+
+		it('includes prerendered pages in the asset manifest', async () => {
+			const app = await fixture.loadTestAdapterApp();
+			/** @type {Set<string>} */
+			const assets = app.manifest.assets;
+			expect(assets.size).to.equal(1);
+			expect(Array.from(assets)[0].endsWith('static/index.html')).to.be.true;
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('Astro.params in SSR', () => {
+		it('Params are passed to component', async () => {
+			const app = await fixture.loadTestAdapterApp();
+			const request = new Request('http://example.com/users/houston');
+			const response = await app.render(request);
+			expect(response.status).to.equal(200);
+			const html = await response.text();
+			const $ = cheerio.load(html);
+			expect($('.user').text()).to.equal('houston');
+		});
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/units/vite-plugin-astro/compile.test.js b/packages/astro/test/units/vite-plugin-astro/compile.test.js
index 49fedb3ed..db3f4d666 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/units/vite-plugin-astro/compile.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/units/vite-plugin-astro/compile.test.js
@@ -70,8 +70,9 @@ const name = 'world
 		const result = await compile(`<h1>Hello World</h1>`, '/src/components/index.astro');
 		await init;
 		const [, exports] = parse(result.code);
-		expect(exports).to.include('default');
-		expect(exports).to.include('file');
-		expect(exports).to.include('url');
+		const names = exports.map(e => e.n);
+		expect(names).to.include('default');
+		expect(names).to.include('file');
+		expect(names).to.include('url');
 	});
 });
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/units/vite-plugin-scanner/scan.test.js b/packages/astro/test/units/vite-plugin-scanner/scan.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f27286da4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/test/units/vite-plugin-scanner/scan.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import { scan } from '../../../dist/vite-plugin-scanner/scan.js';
+
+describe('astro scan', () => {
+	it('should return empty object', async () => {
+		const result = await scan(`export {}`, '/src/components/index.astro');
+		expect(Object.keys(result).length).to.equal(0);
+	});
+
+	it('recognizes constant boolean literal (false)', async () => {
+		const result = await scan(`export const prerender = true;`, '/src/components/index.astro');
+		expect(result.prerender).to.equal(true);
+	});
+
+	it('recognizes constant boolean literal (false)', async () => {
+		const result = await scan(`export const prerender = false;`, '/src/components/index.astro');
+		expect(result.prerender).to.equal(false);
+	});
+
+	it('throws on let boolean literal', async () => {
+		try {
+			const result = await scan(`export let prerender = true;`, '/src/components/index.astro');
+			expect(false).to.be.true;
+		} catch (e) {
+			expect(e.errorCode).to.equal(3019);
+			expect(e.message).to.contain(`A \`prerender\` export has been detected, but its value cannot be statically analyzed.`);
+		}
+	});
+
+	it('throws on var boolean literal', async () => {
+		try {
+			const result = await scan(`export var prerender = true;`, '/src/components/index.astro');
+			expect(false).to.be.true;
+		} catch (e) {
+			expect(e.errorCode).to.equal(3019);
+			expect(e.message).to.contain(`A \`prerender\` export has been detected, but its value cannot be statically analyzed.`);
+		}
+	});
+
+	it('throws on unknown values I', async () => {
+		try {
+			const result = await scan(`export const prerender = !!value;`, '/src/components/index.astro');
+			expect(false).to.be.true;
+		} catch (e) {
+			expect(e.errorCode).to.equal(3019);
+			expect(e.message).to.contain(`A \`prerender\` export has been detected, but its value cannot be statically analyzed.`);
+		}
+	});
+
+	it('throws on unknown values II', async () => {
+		try {
+			const result = await scan(`export const prerender = value;`, '/src/components/index.astro');
+			expect(false).to.be.true;
+		} catch (e) {
+			expect(e.errorCode).to.equal(3019);
+			expect(e.message).to.contain(`A \`prerender\` export has been detected, but its value cannot be statically analyzed.`);
+		}
+	});
+
+	it('throws on unknown values III', async () => {
+		try {
+			const result = await scan(`export let prerender = undefined; prerender = true;`, '/src/components/index.astro');
+			expect(false).to.be.true;
+		} catch (e) {
+			expect(e.errorCode).to.equal(3019);
+			expect(e.message).to.contain(`A \`prerender\` export has been detected, but its value cannot be statically analyzed.`);
+		}
+	});
+
+	it('throws on unknown values IV', async () => {
+		try {
+			const result = await scan(`let prerender = true; export { prerender }`, '/src/components/index.astro');
+			expect(false).to.be.true;
+		} catch (e) {
+			expect(e.errorCode).to.equal(3019);
+			expect(e.message).to.contain(`A \`prerender\` export has been detected, but its value cannot be statically analyzed.`);
+		}
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/integrations/netlify/src/shared.ts b/packages/integrations/netlify/src/shared.ts
index c0d8a4ce5..2c648984a 100644
--- a/packages/integrations/netlify/src/shared.ts
+++ b/packages/integrations/netlify/src/shared.ts
@@ -14,18 +14,28 @@ export async function createRedirects(
 	let _redirects = '';
 	for (const route of routes) {
 		if (route.pathname) {
-			_redirects += `
+			if (route.distURL) {
+				_redirects += `
+  ${route.pathname}   /${route.distURL.toString().replace(dir.toString(), '')}    200`;
+			} else {
+				_redirects += `
   ${route.pathname}    /.netlify/${kind}/${entryFile}    200`;
 
-			if (route.route === '/404') {
-				_redirects += `
+				if (route.route === '/404') {
+					_redirects += `
   /*    /.netlify/${kind}/${entryFile}    404`;
+				}
 			}
 		} else {
 			const pattern =
 				'/' + route.segments.map(([part]) => (part.dynamic ? '*' : part.content)).join('/');
-			_redirects += `
+			if (route.distURL) {
+				_redirects += `
+  ${pattern}   /${route.distURL.toString().replace(dir.toString(), '')}    200`;
+			} else {
+				_redirects += `
   ${pattern}    /.netlify/${kind}/${entryFile}    200`;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 31afd68d4..8e3446dc0 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ importers:
       deepmerge-ts: ^4.2.2
       diff: ^5.1.0
       eol: ^0.9.1
-      es-module-lexer: ^0.10.5
+      es-module-lexer: ^1.1.0
       execa: ^6.1.0
       fast-glob: ^3.2.11
       github-slugger: ^1.4.0
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ importers:
       debug: 4.3.4
       deepmerge-ts: 4.2.2
       diff: 5.1.0
-      es-module-lexer: 0.10.5
+      es-module-lexer: 1.1.0
       execa: 6.1.0
       fast-glob: 3.2.12
       github-slugger: 1.5.0
@@ -1115,6 +1115,9 @@ importers:
       '@astrojs/node': link:../../../../integrations/node
       astro: link:../../..
 
+  packages/astro/test/benchmark/simple/dist/server:
+    specifiers: {}
+
   packages/astro/test/fixtures/0-css:
     specifiers:
       '@astrojs/react': workspace:*
@@ -1655,6 +1658,9 @@ importers:
     dependencies:
       astro: link:../../..
 
+  packages/astro/test/fixtures/config-vite/dist:
+    specifiers: {}
+
   packages/astro/test/fixtures/css-assets:
     specifiers:
       '@astrojs/test-font-awesome-package': file:packages/font-awesome
@@ -2308,6 +2314,12 @@ importers:
       '@astrojs/partytown': link:../../../../integrations/partytown
       astro: link:../../..
 
+  packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender:
+    specifiers:
+      astro: workspace:*
+    dependencies:
+      astro: link:../../..
+
   packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-preview:
     specifiers:
       astro: workspace:*
@@ -11819,6 +11831,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+7IwY/kiGAacQfY+YBhKMvEmyAJnw5grTUgjG85Pe7vcUI/6b7pZjZG8nQ7+48YhzEAEqrEgD2dCz/JIK+AYvw==}
     dev: false
 
+  /es-module-lexer/1.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-fJg+1tiyEeS8figV+fPcPpm8WqJEflG3yPU0NOm5xMvrNkuiy7HzX/Ljng4Y0hAoiw4/3hQTCFYw+ub8+a2pRA==}
+    dev: false
+
   /es-shim-unscopables/1.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Jm6GPcCdC30eMLbZ2x8z2WuRwAws3zTBBKuusffYVUrNj/GVSUAZ+xKMaUpfNDR5IbyNA5LJbaecoUVbmUcB1w==}
     dependencies: