feat: remove studiofeat/remove-studio

32 files changed, 50 insertions, 1237 deletions

diff --git a/packages/astro/src/cli/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/cli/index.ts
index 8511a8304..94c08d7b0 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/cli/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/cli/index.ts
@@ -40,11 +40,6 @@ async function printAstroHelp() {
 				['preferences', 'Configure user preferences.'],
 				['telemetry', 'Configure telemetry settings.'],
 			],
-			'Studio Commands': [
-				['login', 'Authenticate your machine with Astro Studio.'],
-				['logout', 'End your authenticated session with Astro Studio.'],
-				['link', 'Link this project directory to an Astro Studio project.'],
-			],
 			'Global Flags': [
 				['--config <path>', 'Specify your config file.'],
 				['--root <path>', 'Specify your project root folder.'],
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender-chunks/deps/test-adapter/server.js b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender-chunks/deps/test-adapter/server.js
index 0921fe782..0515aaaa1 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender-chunks/deps/test-adapter/server.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/fixtures/ssr-prerender-chunks/deps/test-adapter/server.js
@@ -32,12 +32,6 @@ import { App } from 'astro/app';
  			request.headers.get('cf-connecting-ip')
  		);
 
- 		process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN ??= (() => {
- 			if (typeof env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN === 'string') {
- 				return env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN;
- 			}
- 		})();
-
  		const locals = {
  			runtime: {
  				env: env,
diff --git a/packages/db/package.json b/packages/db/package.json
index 5d0b25efd..a10435695 100644
--- a/packages/db/package.json
+++ b/packages/db/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@astrojs/db",
   "version": "0.15.0",
-  "description": "Add libSQL and Astro Studio support to your Astro site",
+  "description": "Add libSQL support to your Astro site",
   "license": "MIT",
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@
     "test": "astro-scripts test \"test/**/*.test.js\""
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@astrojs/studio": "workspace:*",
     "@libsql/client": "^0.15.2",
     "async-listen": "^3.1.0",
     "deep-diff": "^1.0.2",
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/execute/index.ts b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/execute/index.ts
index 053736291..bf3dfd523 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/execute/index.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/execute/index.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
 } from '../../../errors.js';
 import {
 	getLocalVirtualModContents,
-	getStudioVirtualModContents,
+	getRemoteVirtualModContents,
 } from '../../../integration/vite-plugin-db.js';
 import { bundleFile, importBundledFile } from '../../../load-file.js';
 import type { DBConfig } from '../../../types.js';
@@ -40,10 +40,9 @@ export async function cmd({
 
 	let virtualModContents: string;
 	if (flags.remote) {
-		const appToken = await getManagedRemoteToken(flags.token);
-		virtualModContents = getStudioVirtualModContents({
+		virtualModContents = getRemoteVirtualModContents({
 			tables: dbConfig.tables ?? {},
-			appToken: appToken.token,
+			appToken: getManagedRemoteToken(flags.token),
 			isBuild: false,
 			output: 'server',
 		});
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/link/index.ts b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/link/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a105df9d..000000000
--- a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/link/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,295 +0,0 @@
-import { mkdir, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
-import { homedir } from 'node:os';
-import { basename } from 'node:path';
-import {
-	MISSING_SESSION_ID_ERROR,
-	PROJECT_ID_FILE,
-	getAstroStudioUrl,
-	getSessionIdFromFile,
-} from '@astrojs/studio';
-import { slug } from 'github-slugger';
-import { bgRed, cyan } from 'kleur/colors';
-import prompts from 'prompts';
-import yoctoSpinner from 'yocto-spinner';
-import { safeFetch } from '../../../../runtime/utils.js';
-import type { Result } from '../../../utils.js';
-
-export async function cmd() {
-	const sessionToken = await getSessionIdFromFile();
-	if (!sessionToken) {
-		console.error(MISSING_SESSION_ID_ERROR);
-		process.exit(1);
-	}
-	await promptBegin();
-	const isLinkExisting = await promptLinkExisting();
-	if (isLinkExisting) {
-		const workspaceId = await promptWorkspace(sessionToken);
-		const existingProjectData = await promptExistingProjectName({ workspaceId });
-		return await linkProject(existingProjectData.id);
-	}
-
-	const isLinkNew = await promptLinkNew();
-	if (isLinkNew) {
-		const workspaceId = await promptWorkspace(sessionToken);
-		const newProjectName = await promptNewProjectName();
-		const newProjectRegion = await promptNewProjectRegion();
-		const spinner = yoctoSpinner({ text: 'Creating new project...' }).start();
-		const newProjectData = await createNewProject({
-			workspaceId,
-			name: newProjectName,
-			region: newProjectRegion,
-		});
-		// TODO(fks): Actually listen for project creation before continuing
-		// This is just a dumb spinner that roughly matches database creation time.
-		await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 4000));
-		spinner.success('Project created!');
-		return await linkProject(newProjectData.id);
-	}
-}
-
-async function linkProject(id: string) {
-	await mkdir(new URL('.', PROJECT_ID_FILE), { recursive: true });
-	await writeFile(PROJECT_ID_FILE, `${id}`);
-	console.info('Project linked.');
-}
-
-async function getWorkspaces(sessionToken: string) {
-	const linkUrl = new URL(getAstroStudioUrl() + '/api/cli/workspaces.list');
-	const response = await safeFetch(
-		linkUrl,
-		{
-			method: 'POST',
-			headers: {
-				Authorization: `Bearer ${sessionToken}`,
-				'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-			},
-		},
-		(res) => {
-			// Unauthorized
-			if (res.status === 401) {
-				throw new Error(
-					`${bgRed('Unauthorized')}\n\n  Are you logged in?\n  Run ${cyan(
-						'astro login',
-					)} to authenticate and then try linking again.\n\n`,
-				);
-			}
-			throw new Error(`Failed to fetch user workspace: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
-		},
-	);
-
-	const { data, success } = (await response.json()) as Result<{ id: string; name: string }[]>;
-	if (!success) {
-		throw new Error(`Failed to fetch user's workspace.`);
-	}
-	return data;
-}
-
-/**
- * Get the workspace ID to link to.
- * Prompts the user to choose if they have more than one workspace in Astro Studio.
- * @returns A `Promise` for the workspace ID to use.
- */
-async function promptWorkspace(sessionToken: string) {
-	const workspaces = await getWorkspaces(sessionToken);
-	if (workspaces.length === 0) {
-		console.error('No workspaces found.');
-		process.exit(1);
-	}
-
-	if (workspaces.length === 1) {
-		return workspaces[0].id;
-	}
-
-	const { workspaceId } = await prompts({
-		type: 'autocomplete',
-		name: 'workspaceId',
-		message: 'Select your workspace:',
-		limit: 5,
-		choices: workspaces.map((w) => ({ title: w.name, value: w.id })),
-	});
-	if (typeof workspaceId !== 'string') {
-		console.log('Canceled.');
-		process.exit(0);
-	}
-	return workspaceId;
-}
-
-async function createNewProject({
-	workspaceId,
-	name,
-	region,
-}: {
-	workspaceId: string;
-	name: string;
-	region: string;
-}) {
-	const linkUrl = new URL(getAstroStudioUrl() + '/api/cli/projects.create');
-	const response = await safeFetch(
-		linkUrl,
-		{
-			method: 'POST',
-			headers: {
-				Authorization: `Bearer ${await getSessionIdFromFile()}`,
-				'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-			},
-			body: JSON.stringify({ workspaceId, name, region }),
-		},
-		(res) => {
-			// Unauthorized
-			if (res.status === 401) {
-				console.error(
-					`${bgRed('Unauthorized')}\n\n  Are you logged in?\n  Run ${cyan(
-						'astro login',
-					)} to authenticate and then try linking again.\n\n`,
-				);
-				process.exit(1);
-			}
-			console.error(`Failed to create project: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
-			process.exit(1);
-		},
-	);
-
-	const { data, success } = (await response.json()) as Result<{ id: string; idName: string }>;
-	if (!success) {
-		console.error(`Failed to create project.`);
-		process.exit(1);
-	}
-	return { id: data.id, idName: data.idName };
-}
-
-async function promptExistingProjectName({ workspaceId }: { workspaceId: string }) {
-	const linkUrl = new URL(getAstroStudioUrl() + '/api/cli/projects.list');
-	const response = await safeFetch(
-		linkUrl,
-		{
-			method: 'POST',
-			headers: {
-				Authorization: `Bearer ${await getSessionIdFromFile()}`,
-				'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-			},
-			body: JSON.stringify({ workspaceId }),
-		},
-		(res) => {
-			if (res.status === 401) {
-				console.error(
-					`${bgRed('Unauthorized')}\n\n  Are you logged in?\n  Run ${cyan(
-						'astro login',
-					)} to authenticate and then try linking again.\n\n`,
-				);
-				process.exit(1);
-			}
-			console.error(`Failed to fetch projects: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
-			process.exit(1);
-		},
-	);
-
-	const { data, success } = (await response.json()) as Result<
-		{ id: string; name: string; idName: string }[]
-	>;
-	if (!success) {
-		console.error(`Failed to fetch projects.`);
-		process.exit(1);
-	}
-	const { projectId } = await prompts({
-		type: 'autocomplete',
-		name: 'projectId',
-		message: 'What is your project name?',
-		limit: 5,
-		choices: data.map((p) => ({ title: p.name, value: p.id })),
-	});
-	if (typeof projectId !== 'string') {
-		console.log('Canceled.');
-		process.exit(0);
-	}
-	const selectedProjectData = data.find((p: any) => p.id === projectId)!;
-	return selectedProjectData;
-}
-
-async function promptBegin(): Promise<void> {
-	// Get the current working directory relative to the user's home directory
-	const prettyCwd = process.cwd().replace(homedir(), '~');
-
-	// prompt
-	const { begin } = await prompts({
-		type: 'confirm',
-		name: 'begin',
-		message: `Link "${prettyCwd}" with Astro Studio?`,
-		initial: true,
-	});
-	if (!begin) {
-		console.log('Canceled.');
-		process.exit(0);
-	}
-}
-
-/**
- * Ask the user if they want to link to an existing Astro Studio project.
- * @returns A `Promise` for the user’s answer: `true` if they answer yes, otherwise `false`.
- */
-async function promptLinkExisting(): Promise<boolean> {
-	// prompt
-	const { linkExisting } = await prompts({
-		type: 'confirm',
-		name: 'linkExisting',
-		message: `Link with an existing project in Astro Studio?`,
-		initial: true,
-	});
-	return !!linkExisting;
-}
-
-/**
- * Ask the user if they want to link to a new Astro Studio Project.
- * **Exits the process if they answer no.**
- * @returns A `Promise` for the user’s answer: `true` if they answer yes.
- */
-async function promptLinkNew(): Promise<boolean> {
-	// prompt
-	const { linkNew } = await prompts({
-		type: 'confirm',
-		name: 'linkNew',
-		message: `Create a new project in Astro Studio?`,
-		initial: true,
-	});
-	if (!linkNew) {
-		console.log('Canceled.');
-		process.exit(0);
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
-async function promptNewProjectName(): Promise<string> {
-	const { newProjectName } = await prompts({
-		type: 'text',
-		name: 'newProjectName',
-		message: `What is your new project's name?`,
-		initial: basename(process.cwd()),
-		format: (val) => slug(val),
-	});
-	if (!newProjectName) {
-		console.log('Canceled.');
-		process.exit(0);
-	}
-	return newProjectName;
-}
-
-async function promptNewProjectRegion(): Promise<string> {
-	const { newProjectRegion } = await prompts({
-		type: 'select',
-		name: 'newProjectRegion',
-		message: `Where should your new database live?`,
-		choices: [
-			{ title: 'North America (East)', value: 'NorthAmericaEast' },
-			{ title: 'North America (West)', value: 'NorthAmericaWest' },
-			{ title: 'Europe (Amsterdam)', value: 'EuropeCentral' },
-			{ title: 'South America (Brazil)', value: 'SouthAmericaEast' },
-			{ title: 'Asia (India)', value: 'AsiaSouth' },
-			{ title: 'Asia (Japan)', value: 'AsiaNorthEast' },
-		],
-		initial: 0,
-	});
-	if (!newProjectRegion) {
-		console.log('Canceled.');
-		process.exit(0);
-	}
-	return newProjectRegion;
-}
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/login/index.ts b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/login/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b0979384..000000000
--- a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/login/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-import { mkdir, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
-import { createServer as _createServer } from 'node:http';
-import { SESSION_LOGIN_FILE, getAstroStudioUrl } from '@astrojs/studio';
-import type { AstroConfig } from 'astro';
-import { listen } from 'async-listen';
-import { cyan } from 'kleur/colors';
-import open from 'open';
-import prompt from 'prompts';
-import type { Arguments } from 'yargs-parser';
-import yoctoSpinner from 'yocto-spinner';
-import type { DBConfig } from '../../../types.js';
-
-const isWebContainer =
-	// Stackblitz heuristic
-	process.versions?.webcontainer ??
-	// GitHub Codespaces heuristic
-	process.env.CODESPACE_NAME;
-
-export async function cmd({
-	flags,
-}: {
-	astroConfig: AstroConfig;
-	dbConfig: DBConfig;
-	flags: Arguments;
-}) {
-	let session = flags.session;
-
-	if (!session && isWebContainer) {
-		console.log(`Please visit the following URL in your web browser:`);
-		console.log(cyan(`${getAstroStudioUrl()}/auth/cli/login`));
-		console.log(`After login in complete, enter the verification code displayed:`);
-		const response = await prompt({
-			type: 'text',
-			name: 'session',
-			message: 'Verification code:',
-		});
-		if (!response.session) {
-			console.error('Cancelling login.');
-			process.exit(0);
-		}
-		session = response.session;
-		console.log('Successfully logged in');
-	} else if (!session) {
-		const { url, promise } = await createServer();
-		const loginUrl = new URL('/auth/cli/login', getAstroStudioUrl());
-		loginUrl.searchParams.set('returnTo', url);
-		console.log(`Opening the following URL in your browser...`);
-		console.log(cyan(loginUrl.href));
-		console.log(`If something goes wrong, copy-and-paste the URL into your browser.`);
-		open(loginUrl.href);
-		const spinner = yoctoSpinner({ text: 'Waiting for confirmation...' });
-		session = await promise;
-		spinner.success('Successfully logged in');
-	}
-
-	await mkdir(new URL('.', SESSION_LOGIN_FILE), { recursive: true });
-	await writeFile(SESSION_LOGIN_FILE, `${session}`);
-}
-
-// NOTE(fks): How the Astro CLI login process works:
-// 1. The Astro CLI creates a temporary server to listen for the session token
-// 2. The user is directed to studio.astro.build/ to login
-// 3. The user is redirected back to the temporary server with their session token
-// 4. The temporary server receives and saves the session token, logging the user in
-// 5. The user is redirected one last time to a success/failure page
-async function createServer(): Promise<{ url: string; promise: Promise<string> }> {
-	let resolve: (value: string | PromiseLike<string>) => void, reject: (reason?: Error) => void;
-
-	const server = _createServer((req, res) => {
-		// Handle the request
-		const url = new URL(req.url ?? '/', `http://${req.headers.host}`);
-		const sessionParam = url.searchParams.get('session');
-		// Handle the response & resolve the promise
-		res.statusCode = 302;
-		if (!sessionParam) {
-			res.setHeader('location', getAstroStudioUrl() + '/auth/cli/error');
-			reject(new Error('Failed to log in'));
-		} else {
-			res.setHeader('location', getAstroStudioUrl() + '/auth/cli/success');
-			resolve(sessionParam);
-		}
-		res.end();
-	});
-
-	const { port } = await listen(server, 0, '127.0.0.1');
-	const serverUrl = `http://localhost:${port}`;
-	const sessionPromise = new Promise<string>((_resolve, _reject) => {
-		resolve = _resolve;
-		reject = _reject;
-	}).finally(() => {
-		server.closeAllConnections();
-		server.close();
-	});
-
-	return { url: serverUrl, promise: sessionPromise };
-}
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/logout/index.ts b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/logout/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 8b7878659..000000000
--- a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/logout/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-import { unlink } from 'node:fs/promises';
-import { SESSION_LOGIN_FILE } from '@astrojs/studio';
-
-export async function cmd() {
-	await unlink(SESSION_LOGIN_FILE);
-	console.log('Successfully logged out of Astro Studio.');
-}
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/push/index.ts b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/push/index.ts
index 590d4f06e..46a457884 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/push/index.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/push/index.ts
@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ import { sql } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import prompts from 'prompts';
 import type { Arguments } from 'yargs-parser';
 import { createRemoteDatabaseClient } from '../../../../runtime/index.js';
-import { safeFetch } from '../../../../runtime/utils.js';
 import { MIGRATION_VERSION } from '../../../consts.js';
 import type { DBConfig, DBSnapshot } from '../../../types.js';
 import {
 	type RemoteDatabaseInfo,
-	type Result,
 	getManagedRemoteToken,
 	getRemoteDatabaseInfo,
 } from '../../../utils.js';
@@ -31,10 +29,10 @@ export async function cmd({
 	const isDryRun = flags.dryRun;
 	const isForceReset = flags.forceReset;
 	const dbInfo = getRemoteDatabaseInfo();
-	const appToken = await getManagedRemoteToken(flags.token, dbInfo);
+	const appToken = getManagedRemoteToken(flags.token);
 	const productionSnapshot = await getProductionCurrentSnapshot({
 		dbInfo,
-		appToken: appToken.token,
+		appToken: appToken,
 	});
 	const currentSnapshot = createCurrentSnapshot(dbConfig);
 	const isFromScratch = !productionSnapshot;
@@ -77,13 +75,11 @@ export async function cmd({
 		await pushSchema({
 			statements: migrationQueries,
 			dbInfo,
-			appToken: appToken.token,
+			appToken: appToken,
 			isDryRun,
 			currentSnapshot: currentSnapshot,
 		});
 	}
-	// cleanup and exit
-	await appToken.destroy();
 	console.info('Push complete!');
 }
 
@@ -110,9 +106,7 @@ async function pushSchema({
 		return new Response(null, { status: 200 });
 	}
 
-	return dbInfo.type === 'studio'
-		? pushToStudio(requestBody, appToken, dbInfo.url)
-		: pushToDb(requestBody, appToken, dbInfo.url);
+	return pushToDb(requestBody, appToken, dbInfo.url);
 }
 
 type RequestBody = {
@@ -145,29 +139,3 @@ async function pushToDb(requestBody: RequestBody, appToken: string, remoteUrl: s
 		)`);
 	});
 }
-
-async function pushToStudio(requestBody: RequestBody, appToken: string, remoteUrl: string) {
-	const url = new URL('/db/push', remoteUrl);
-	const response = await safeFetch(
-		url,
-		{
-			method: 'POST',
-			headers: new Headers({
-				Authorization: `Bearer ${appToken}`,
-			}),
-			body: JSON.stringify(requestBody),
-		},
-		async (res) => {
-			console.error(`${url.toString()} failed: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
-			console.error(await res.text());
-			throw new Error(`/db/push fetch failed: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
-		},
-	);
-
-	const result = (await response.json()) as Result<never>;
-	if (!result.success) {
-		console.error(`${url.toString()} unsuccessful`);
-		console.error(await response.text());
-		throw new Error(`/db/push fetch unsuccessful`);
-	}
-}
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/shell/index.ts b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/shell/index.ts
index dcc54fc70..278830b4e 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/shell/index.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/shell/index.ts
@@ -26,14 +26,12 @@ export async function cmd({
 	}
 	const dbInfo = getRemoteDatabaseInfo();
 	if (flags.remote) {
-		const appToken = await getManagedRemoteToken(flags.token, dbInfo);
 		const db = createRemoteDatabaseClient({
 			dbType: dbInfo.type,
 			remoteUrl: dbInfo.url,
-			appToken: appToken.token,
+			appToken: getManagedRemoteToken(flags.token),
 		});
 		const result = await db.run(sql.raw(query));
-		await appToken.destroy();
 		console.log(result);
 	} else {
 		const { ASTRO_DATABASE_FILE } = getAstroEnv();
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/verify/index.ts b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/verify/index.ts
index 35f489a80..6499c272e 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/verify/index.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/cli/commands/verify/index.ts
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@ export async function cmd({
 }) {
 	const isJson = flags.json;
 	const dbInfo = getRemoteDatabaseInfo();
-	const appToken = await getManagedRemoteToken(flags.token, dbInfo);
 	const productionSnapshot = await getProductionCurrentSnapshot({
 		dbInfo,
-		appToken: appToken.token,
+		appToken: getManagedRemoteToken(flags.token),
 	});
 	const currentSnapshot = createCurrentSnapshot(dbConfig);
 	const { queries: migrationQueries, confirmations } = await getMigrationQueries({
@@ -53,6 +52,5 @@ export async function cmd({
 		console.log(result.message);
 	}
 
-	await appToken.destroy();
 	process.exit(result.exitCode);
 }
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/cli/index.ts b/packages/db/src/core/cli/index.ts
index 531b016a6..6c54c2ae6 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/cli/index.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/cli/index.ts
@@ -41,18 +41,6 @@ export async function cli({
 			const { cmd } = await import('./commands/execute/index.js');
 			return await cmd({ astroConfig, dbConfig, flags });
 		}
-		case 'login': {
-			const { cmd } = await import('./commands/login/index.js');
-			return await cmd({ astroConfig, dbConfig, flags });
-		}
-		case 'logout': {
-			const { cmd } = await import('./commands/logout/index.js');
-			return await cmd();
-		}
-		case 'link': {
-			const { cmd } = await import('./commands/link/index.js');
-			return await cmd();
-		}
 		default: {
 			if (command != null) {
 				console.error(`Unknown command: ${command}`);
@@ -63,15 +51,15 @@ export async function cli({
 				headline: ' ',
 				tables: {
 					Commands: [
-						['push', 'Push table schema updates to Astro Studio.'],
-						['verify', 'Test schema updates /w Astro Studio (good for CI).'],
+						['push', 'Push table schema updates to libSQL.'],
+						['verify', 'Test schema updates /w libSQL (good for CI).'],
 						[
 							'astro db execute <file-path>',
-							'Execute a ts/js file using astro:db. Use --remote to connect to Studio.',
+							'Execute a ts/js file using astro:db. Use --remote to connect to libSQL.',
 						],
 						[
 							'astro db shell --query <sql-string>',
-							'Execute a SQL string. Use --remote to connect to Studio.',
+							'Execute a SQL string. Use --remote to connect to libSQL.',
 						],
 					],
 				},
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/cli/migration-queries.ts b/packages/db/src/core/cli/migration-queries.ts
index db3972d09..0f369e684 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/cli/migration-queries.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/cli/migration-queries.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { customAlphabet } from 'nanoid';
 import { hasPrimaryKey } from '../../runtime/index.js';
 import { createRemoteDatabaseClient } from '../../runtime/index.js';
 import { isSerializedSQL } from '../../runtime/types.js';
-import { isDbError, safeFetch } from '../../runtime/utils.js';
+import { isDbError } from '../../runtime/utils.js';
 import { MIGRATION_VERSION } from '../consts.js';
 import { RENAME_COLUMN_ERROR, RENAME_TABLE_ERROR } from '../errors.js';
 import {
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import type {
 	ResolvedIndexes,
 	TextColumn,
 } from '../types.js';
-import type { RemoteDatabaseInfo, Result } from '../utils.js';
+import type { RemoteDatabaseInfo } from '../utils.js';
 
 const sqlite = new SQLiteAsyncDialect();
 const genTempTableName = customAlphabet('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', 10);
@@ -428,9 +428,7 @@ export function getProductionCurrentSnapshot(options: {
 	dbInfo: RemoteDatabaseInfo;
 	appToken: string;
 }): Promise<DBSnapshot | undefined> {
-	return options.dbInfo.type === 'studio'
-		? getStudioCurrentSnapshot(options.appToken, options.dbInfo.url)
-		: getDbCurrentSnapshot(options.appToken, options.dbInfo.url);
+	return getDbCurrentSnapshot(options.appToken, options.dbInfo.url);
 }
 
 async function getDbCurrentSnapshot(
@@ -473,36 +471,6 @@ async function getDbCurrentSnapshot(
 	}
 }
 
-async function getStudioCurrentSnapshot(
-	appToken: string,
-	remoteUrl: string,
-): Promise<DBSnapshot | undefined> {
-	const url = new URL('/db/schema', remoteUrl);
-
-	const response = await safeFetch(
-		url,
-		{
-			method: 'POST',
-			headers: new Headers({
-				Authorization: `Bearer ${appToken}`,
-			}),
-		},
-		async (res) => {
-			console.error(`${url.toString()} failed: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
-			console.error(await res.text());
-			throw new Error(`/db/schema fetch failed: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
-		},
-	);
-
-	const result = (await response.json()) as Result<DBSnapshot>;
-	if (!result.success) {
-		console.error(`${url.toString()} unsuccessful`);
-		console.error(await response.text());
-		throw new Error(`/db/schema fetch unsuccessful`);
-	}
-	return result.data;
-}
-
 function getDropTableQueriesForSnapshot(snapshot: DBSnapshot) {
 	const queries = [];
 	for (const tableName of Object.keys(snapshot.schema)) {
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/integration/index.ts b/packages/db/src/core/integration/index.ts
index c6f58d2fd..bc038c7d2 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/integration/index.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/integration/index.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { existsSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { mkdir, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { dirname } from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
-import type { ManagedAppToken } from '@astrojs/studio';
 import type { AstroIntegration } from 'astro';
 import { blue, yellow } from 'kleur/colors';
 import {
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@ function astroDBIntegration(): AstroIntegration {
 	let connectToRemote = false;
 	let configFileDependencies: string[] = [];
 	let root: URL;
-	let appToken: ManagedAppToken | undefined;
 	// Used during production builds to load seed files.
 	let tempViteServer: ViteDevServer | undefined;
 
@@ -72,10 +70,9 @@ function astroDBIntegration(): AstroIntegration {
 				connectToRemote = process.env.ASTRO_INTERNAL_TEST_REMOTE || args['remote'];
 
 				if (connectToRemote) {
-					appToken = await getManagedRemoteToken();
 					dbPlugin = vitePluginDb({
-						connectToStudio: connectToRemote,
-						appToken: appToken.token,
+						connectToRemote: connectToRemote,
+						appToken: getManagedRemoteToken(),
 						tables,
 						root: config.root,
 						srcDir: config.srcDir,
@@ -84,7 +81,7 @@ function astroDBIntegration(): AstroIntegration {
 					});
 				} else {
 					dbPlugin = vitePluginDb({
-						connectToStudio: false,
+						connectToRemote: false,
 						tables,
 						seedFiles,
 						root: config.root,
@@ -161,7 +158,7 @@ function astroDBIntegration(): AstroIntegration {
 				if (!connectToRemote && !databaseFileEnvDefined() && finalBuildOutput === 'server') {
 					const message = `Attempting to build without the --remote flag or the ASTRO_DATABASE_FILE environment variable defined. You probably want to pass --remote to astro build.`;
 					const hint =
-						'Learn more connecting to Studio: https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/astro-db/#connect-to-astro-studio';
+						'Learn more connecting to libSQL: https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/astro-db/#connect-a-libsql-database-for-production';
 					throw new AstroDbError(message, hint);
 				}
 
@@ -174,7 +171,6 @@ function astroDBIntegration(): AstroIntegration {
 				};
 			},
 			'astro:build:done': async ({}) => {
-				await appToken?.destroy();
 				await tempViteServer?.close();
 			},
 		},
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/integration/vite-plugin-db.ts b/packages/db/src/core/integration/vite-plugin-db.ts
index 410d49157..7a7173bfc 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/integration/vite-plugin-db.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/integration/vite-plugin-db.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export type SeedHandler = {
 
 type VitePluginDBParams =
 	| {
-			connectToStudio: false;
+			connectToRemote: false;
 			tables: LateTables;
 			seedFiles: LateSeedFiles;
 			srcDir: URL;
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type VitePluginDBParams =
 			seedHandler: SeedHandler;
 	  }
 	| {
-			connectToStudio: true;
+			connectToRemote: true;
 			tables: LateTables;
 			appToken: string;
 			srcDir: URL;
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ export function vitePluginDb(params: VitePluginDBParams): VitePlugin {
 		async load(id) {
 			if (id !== resolved.module && id !== resolved.importedFromSeedFile) return;
 
-			if (params.connectToStudio) {
-				return getStudioVirtualModContents({
+			if (params.connectToRemote) {
+				return getRemoteVirtualModContents({
 					appToken: params.appToken,
 					tables: params.tables.get(),
 					isBuild: command === 'build',
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ export * from ${RUNTIME_VIRTUAL_IMPORT};
 ${getStringifiedTableExports(tables)}`;
 }
 
-export function getStudioVirtualModContents({
+export function getRemoteVirtualModContents({
 	tables,
 	appToken,
 	isBuild,
@@ -153,13 +153,12 @@ export function getStudioVirtualModContents({
 
 	function appTokenArg() {
 		if (isBuild) {
-			const envPrefix = dbInfo.type === 'studio' ? 'ASTRO_STUDIO' : 'ASTRO_DB';
 			if (output === 'server') {
 				// In production build, always read the runtime environment variable.
-				return `process.env.${envPrefix}_APP_TOKEN`;
+				return `process.env.ASTRO_DB_APP_TOKEN`;
 			} else {
 				// Static mode or prerendering needs the local app token.
-				return `process.env.${envPrefix}_APP_TOKEN ?? ${JSON.stringify(appToken)}`;
+				return `process.env.ASTRO_DB_APP_TOKEN ?? ${JSON.stringify(appToken)}`;
 			}
 		} else {
 			return JSON.stringify(appToken);
@@ -171,9 +170,7 @@ export function getStudioVirtualModContents({
 
 		if (isBuild) {
 			// Allow overriding, mostly for testing
-			return dbInfo.type === 'studio'
-				? `import.meta.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL ?? ${dbStr}`
-				: `import.meta.env.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL ?? ${dbStr}`;
+			return `import.meta.env.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL ?? ${dbStr}`;
 		} else {
 			return dbStr;
 		}
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/load-file.ts b/packages/db/src/core/load-file.ts
index 027deaa60..f7a4226b6 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/load-file.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/load-file.ts
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ export async function bundleFile({
 		format: 'esm',
 		sourcemap: 'inline',
 		metafile: true,
+		// TODO: use astro:env
 		define: {
-			'import.meta.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL': 'undefined',
 			'import.meta.env.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_DB_URL': 'undefined',
 			'import.meta.env.ASTRO_DATABASE_FILE': JSON.stringify(ASTRO_DATABASE_FILE ?? ''),
 		},
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/schemas.ts b/packages/db/src/core/schemas.ts
index c9575a79a..1147538ce 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/schemas.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/schemas.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ const textColumnBaseSchema = baseColumnSchema
 			z.object({
 				// text primary key allows NULL values.
 				// NULL values bypass unique checks, which could
-				// lead to duplicate URLs per record in Astro Studio.
+				// lead to duplicate URLs per record.
 				// disable `optional` for primary keys.
 				primaryKey: z.literal(true),
 				optional: z.literal(false).optional(),
diff --git a/packages/db/src/core/utils.ts b/packages/db/src/core/utils.ts
index b246997e2..3348e90a0 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/core/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/core/utils.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import { type ManagedAppToken, getAstroStudioEnv, getManagedAppTokenOrExit } from '@astrojs/studio';
 import type { AstroConfig, AstroIntegration } from 'astro';
 import { loadEnv } from 'vite';
 import './types.js';
@@ -11,49 +10,23 @@ export function getAstroEnv(envMode = ''): Record<`ASTRO_${string}`, string> {
 }
 
 export type RemoteDatabaseInfo = {
-	type: 'libsql' | 'studio';
+	type: 'libsql';
 	url: string;
 };
 
 export function getRemoteDatabaseInfo(): RemoteDatabaseInfo {
 	const astroEnv = getAstroEnv();
-	const studioEnv = getAstroStudioEnv();
-
-	if (studioEnv.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL)
-		return {
-			type: 'studio',
-			url: studioEnv.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL,
-		};
-
-	if (astroEnv.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL)
-		return {
-			type: 'libsql',
-			url: astroEnv.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL,
-		};
 
 	return {
-		type: 'studio',
-		url: 'https://db.services.astro.build',
+		type: 'libsql',
+		url: astroEnv.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL,
 	};
 }
 
-export function getManagedRemoteToken(
-	token?: string,
-	dbInfo?: RemoteDatabaseInfo,
-): Promise<ManagedAppToken> {
-	dbInfo ??= getRemoteDatabaseInfo();
-
-	if (dbInfo.type === 'studio') {
-		return getManagedAppTokenOrExit(token);
-	}
-
+export function getManagedRemoteToken(token?: string): string {
 	const astroEnv = getAstroEnv();
 
-	return Promise.resolve({
-		token: token ?? astroEnv.ASTRO_DB_APP_TOKEN,
-		renew: () => Promise.resolve(),
-		destroy: () => Promise.resolve(),
-	});
+	return token ?? astroEnv.ASTRO_DB_APP_TOKEN;
 }
 
 export function getDbDirectoryUrl(root: URL | string) {
diff --git a/packages/db/src/runtime/db-client.ts b/packages/db/src/runtime/db-client.ts
index 55288951d..e45a2d717 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/runtime/db-client.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/runtime/db-client.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
-import type { InStatement } from '@libsql/client';
 import { type Config as LibSQLConfig, createClient } from '@libsql/client';
 import type { LibSQLDatabase } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql';
 import { drizzle as drizzleLibsql } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql';
-import { type SqliteRemoteDatabase, drizzle as drizzleProxy } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-proxy';
-import { z } from 'zod';
-import { DetailedLibsqlError, safeFetch } from './utils.js';
+import type { SqliteRemoteDatabase } from 'drizzle-orm/sqlite-proxy';
 
 const isWebContainer = !!process.versions?.webcontainer;
 
@@ -34,16 +31,8 @@ export function createLocalDatabaseClient(options: LocalDbClientOptions): LibSQL
 	return db;
 }
 
-const remoteResultSchema = z.object({
-	columns: z.array(z.string()),
-	columnTypes: z.array(z.string()),
-	rows: z.array(z.array(z.unknown())),
-	rowsAffected: z.number(),
-	lastInsertRowid: z.unknown().optional(),
-});
-
 type RemoteDbClientOptions = {
-	dbType: 'studio' | 'libsql';
+	dbType: 'libsql';
 	appToken: string;
 	remoteUrl: string | URL;
 };
@@ -51,9 +40,7 @@ type RemoteDbClientOptions = {
 export function createRemoteDatabaseClient(options: RemoteDbClientOptions) {
 	const remoteUrl = new URL(options.remoteUrl);
 
-	return options.dbType === 'studio'
-		? createStudioDatabaseClient(options.appToken, remoteUrl)
-		: createRemoteLibSQLClient(options.appToken, remoteUrl, options.remoteUrl.toString());
+	return createRemoteLibSQLClient(options.appToken, remoteUrl, options.remoteUrl.toString());
 }
 
 // this function parses the options from a `Record<string, string>`
@@ -99,167 +86,3 @@ function createRemoteLibSQLClient(appToken: string, remoteDbURL: URL, rawUrl: st
 	const client = createClient({ ...parseOpts(options), url, authToken: appToken });
 	return drizzleLibsql(client);
 }
-
-function createStudioDatabaseClient(appToken: string, remoteDbURL: URL) {
-	if (appToken == null) {
-		throw new Error(`Cannot create a remote client: missing app token.`);
-	}
-
-	const url = new URL('/db/query', remoteDbURL);
-
-	const db = drizzleProxy(
-		async (sql, parameters, method) => {
-			const requestBody: InStatement = { sql, args: parameters };
-			const res = await safeFetch(
-				url,
-				{
-					method: 'POST',
-					headers: {
-						Authorization: `Bearer ${appToken}`,
-						'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-					},
-					body: JSON.stringify(requestBody),
-				},
-				async (response) => {
-					throw await parseRemoteError(response);
-				},
-			);
-
-			let remoteResult: z.infer<typeof remoteResultSchema>;
-			try {
-				const json = await res.json();
-				remoteResult = remoteResultSchema.parse(json);
-			} catch {
-				throw new DetailedLibsqlError({
-					message: await getUnexpectedResponseMessage(res),
-					code: KNOWN_ERROR_CODES.SQL_QUERY_FAILED,
-				});
-			}
-
-			if (method === 'run') {
-				const rawRows = Array.from(remoteResult.rows);
-				// Implement basic `toJSON()` for Drizzle to serialize properly
-				(remoteResult as any).rows.toJSON = () => rawRows;
-				// Using `db.run()` drizzle massages the rows into an object.
-				// So in order to make dev/prod consistent, we need to do the same here.
-				// This creates an object and loops over each row replacing it with the object.
-				for (let i = 0; i < remoteResult.rows.length; i++) {
-					let row = remoteResult.rows[i];
-					let item: Record<string, any> = {};
-					remoteResult.columns.forEach((col, index) => {
-						item[col] = row[index];
-					});
-					(remoteResult as any).rows[i] = item;
-				}
-				return remoteResult;
-			}
-
-			// Drizzle expects each row as an array of its values
-			const rowValues: unknown[][] = [];
-
-			for (const row of remoteResult.rows) {
-				if (row != null && typeof row === 'object') {
-					rowValues.push(Object.values(row));
-				}
-			}
-
-			if (method === 'get') {
-				return { rows: rowValues[0] };
-			}
-
-			return { rows: rowValues };
-		},
-		async (queries) => {
-			const stmts: InStatement[] = queries.map(({ sql, params }) => ({ sql, args: params }));
-			const res = await safeFetch(
-				url,
-				{
-					method: 'POST',
-					headers: {
-						Authorization: `Bearer ${appToken}`,
-						'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-					},
-					body: JSON.stringify(stmts),
-				},
-				async (response) => {
-					throw await parseRemoteError(response);
-				},
-			);
-
-			let remoteResults: z.infer<typeof remoteResultSchema>[];
-			try {
-				const json = await res.json();
-				remoteResults = z.array(remoteResultSchema).parse(json);
-			} catch {
-				throw new DetailedLibsqlError({
-					message: await getUnexpectedResponseMessage(res),
-					code: KNOWN_ERROR_CODES.SQL_QUERY_FAILED,
-				});
-			}
-			let results: any[] = [];
-			for (const [idx, rawResult] of remoteResults.entries()) {
-				if (queries[idx]?.method === 'run') {
-					results.push(rawResult);
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				// Drizzle expects each row as an array of its values
-				const rowValues: unknown[][] = [];
-
-				for (const row of rawResult.rows) {
-					if (row != null && typeof row === 'object') {
-						rowValues.push(Object.values(row));
-					}
-				}
-
-				if (queries[idx]?.method === 'get') {
-					results.push({ rows: rowValues[0] });
-				}
-
-				results.push({ rows: rowValues });
-			}
-			return results;
-		},
-	);
-	applyTransactionNotSupported(db);
-	return db;
-}
-
-const errorSchema = z.object({
-	success: z.boolean(),
-	error: z.object({
-		code: z.string(),
-		details: z.string().optional(),
-	}),
-});
-
-const KNOWN_ERROR_CODES = {
-	SQL_QUERY_FAILED: 'SQL_QUERY_FAILED',
-};
-
-const getUnexpectedResponseMessage = async (response: Response) =>
-	`Unexpected response from remote database:\n(Status ${response.status}) ${await response
-		.clone()
-		.text()}`;
-
-async function parseRemoteError(response: Response): Promise<DetailedLibsqlError> {
-	let error;
-	try {
-		error = errorSchema.parse(await response.clone().json()).error;
-	} catch {
-		return new DetailedLibsqlError({
-			message: await getUnexpectedResponseMessage(response),
-			code: KNOWN_ERROR_CODES.SQL_QUERY_FAILED,
-		});
-	}
-	// Strip LibSQL error prefixes
-	let baseDetails =
-		error.details?.replace(/.*SQLite error: /, '') ?? 'Error querying remote database.';
-	// Remove duplicated "code" in details
-	const details = baseDetails.slice(baseDetails.indexOf(':') + 1).trim();
-	let hint = `See the Astro DB guide for query and push instructions: https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/astro-db/#query-your-database`;
-	if (error.code === KNOWN_ERROR_CODES.SQL_QUERY_FAILED && details.includes('no such table')) {
-		hint = `Did you run \`astro db push\` to push your latest table schemas?`;
-	}
-	return new DetailedLibsqlError({ message: details, code: error.code, hint });
-}
diff --git a/packages/db/test/basics.test.js b/packages/db/test/basics.test.js
index 8d6167447..02f5bce37 100644
--- a/packages/db/test/basics.test.js
+++ b/packages/db/test/basics.test.js
@@ -181,13 +181,13 @@ describe('astro:db', () => {
 
 		before(async () => {
 			clearEnvironment();
-			process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN = 'some token';
+			process.env.ASTRO_DB_APP_TOKEN = 'some token';
 			remoteDbServer = await setupRemoteDbServer(fixture.config);
 			await fixture.build();
 		});
 
 		after(async () => {
-			process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN = '';
+			process.env.ASTRO_DB_APP_TOKEN = '';
 			await remoteDbServer?.stop();
 		});
 
diff --git a/packages/db/test/ssr-no-apptoken.test.js b/packages/db/test/ssr-no-apptoken.test.js
index c570306e5..a78d7bf58 100644
--- a/packages/db/test/ssr-no-apptoken.test.js
+++ b/packages/db/test/ssr-no-apptoken.test.js
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe('missing app token', () => {
 		remoteDbServer = await setupRemoteDbServer(fixture.config);
 		await fixture.build();
 		// Ensure there's no token at runtime
-		delete process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN;
+		delete process.env.ASTRO_DB_APP_TOKEN;
 	});
 
 	after(async () => {
diff --git a/packages/db/test/test-utils.js b/packages/db/test/test-utils.js
index b608d75b8..b2a351a47 100644
--- a/packages/db/test/test-utils.js
+++ b/packages/db/test/test-utils.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ let portIncrementer = 8030;
  */
 export async function setupRemoteDbServer(astroConfig) {
 	const port = portIncrementer++;
-	process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL = `http://localhost:${port}`;
+	process.env.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_DB_URL = `http://localhost:${port}`;
 	process.env.ASTRO_INTERNAL_TEST_REMOTE = true;
 	const server = createRemoteDbServer().listen(port);
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ export async function setupRemoteDbServer(astroConfig) {
 	return {
 		server,
 		async stop() {
-			delete process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL;
+			delete process.env.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_DB_URL;
 			delete process.env.ASTRO_INTERNAL_TEST_REMOTE;
 			return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
 				server.close((err) => {
@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ export async function initializeRemoteDb(astroConfig) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Clears the environment variables related to Astro DB and Astro Studio.
+ * Clears the environment variables related to Astro DB.
  */
 export function clearEnvironment() {
 	const keys = Array.from(Object.keys(process.env));
 	for (const key of keys) {
-		if (key.startsWith('ASTRO_DB_') || key.startsWith('ASTRO_STUDIO_')) {
+		if (key.startsWith('ASTRO_DB_')) {
 			delete process.env[key];
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/packages/db/test/unit/remote-info.test.js b/packages/db/test/unit/remote-info.test.js
index 2c58f28b7..c72d59b4f 100644
--- a/packages/db/test/unit/remote-info.test.js
+++ b/packages/db/test/unit/remote-info.test.js
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ describe('RemoteDatabaseInfo', () => {
 		clearEnvironment();
 	});
 
+	// TODO: what should be the default url for libsql?
 	test('default remote info', () => {
 		const dbInfo = getRemoteDatabaseInfo();
 
@@ -17,16 +18,6 @@ describe('RemoteDatabaseInfo', () => {
 		});
 	});
 
-	test('configured Astro Studio remote', () => {
-		process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL = 'https://studio.astro.build';
-		const dbInfo = getRemoteDatabaseInfo();
-
-		assert.deepEqual(dbInfo, {
-			type: 'studio',
-			url: 'https://studio.astro.build',
-		});
-	});
-
 	test('configured libSQL remote', () => {
 		process.env.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL = 'libsql://libsql.self.hosted';
 		const dbInfo = getRemoteDatabaseInfo();
@@ -36,24 +27,12 @@ describe('RemoteDatabaseInfo', () => {
 			url: 'libsql://libsql.self.hosted',
 		});
 	});
-
-	test('configured both libSQL and Studio remote', () => {
-		process.env.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL = 'libsql://libsql.self.hosted';
-		process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL = 'https://studio.astro.build';
-		const dbInfo = getRemoteDatabaseInfo();
-
-		assert.deepEqual(dbInfo, {
-			type: 'studio',
-			url: 'https://studio.astro.build',
-		});
-	});
 });
 
 describe('RemoteManagedToken', () => {
 	// Avoid conflicts with other tests
 	beforeEach(() => {
 		clearEnvironment();
-		process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN = 'studio token';
 		process.env.ASTRO_DB_APP_TOKEN = 'db token';
 	});
 	after(() => {
@@ -68,20 +47,7 @@ describe('RemoteManagedToken', () => {
 	test('token for default remote', async () => {
 		const { token } = await getManagedRemoteToken();
 
-		assert.equal(token, 'studio token');
-	});
-
-	test('given token for configured Astro Studio remote', async () => {
-		process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL = 'https://studio.astro.build';
-		const { token } = await getManagedRemoteToken('given token');
-		assert.equal(token, 'given token');
-	});
-
-	test('token for configured Astro Studio remote', async () => {
-		process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_DB_URL = 'https://studio.astro.build';
-		const { token } = await getManagedRemoteToken();
-
-		assert.equal(token, 'studio token');
+		assert.equal(token, 'db token');
 	});
 
 	test('given token for configured libSQL remote', async () => {
@@ -97,18 +63,8 @@ describe('RemoteManagedToken', () => {
 		assert.equal(token, 'db token');
 	});
 
-	test('token for given Astro Studio remote', async () => {
-		process.env.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL = 'libsql://libsql.self.hosted';
-		const { token } = await getManagedRemoteToken(undefined, {
-			type: 'studio',
-			url: 'https://studio.astro.build',
-		});
-
-		assert.equal(token, 'studio token');
-	});
-
 	test('token for given libSQL remote', async () => {
-		process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_REMOTE_URL = 'libsql://libsql.self.hosted';
+		process.env.ASTRO_DB_REMOTE_URL = 'libsql://libsql.self.hosted';
 		const { token } = await getManagedRemoteToken(undefined, {
 			type: 'libsql',
 			url: 'libsql://libsql.self.hosted',
diff --git a/packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/entrypoints/server.ts b/packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/entrypoints/server.ts
index a37f820ab..a236d4336 100644
--- a/packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/entrypoints/server.ts
+++ b/packages/integrations/cloudflare/src/entrypoints/server.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ setGetEnv(createGetEnv(globalEnv as Env));
 type Env = {
 	[key: string]: unknown;
 	ASSETS: { fetch: (req: Request | string) => Promise<Response> };
-	ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN?: string;
 };
 
 export interface Runtime<T extends object = object> {
@@ -73,12 +72,6 @@ export function createExports(manifest: SSRManifest) {
 			request.headers.get('cf-connecting-ip'),
 		);
 
-		process.env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN ??= (() => {
-			if (typeof env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN === 'string') {
-				return env.ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN;
-			}
-		})();
-
 		const locals: Runtime = {
 			runtime: {
 				env: env,
diff --git a/packages/studio/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/studio/CHANGELOG.md
deleted file mode 100644
index d9876af2b..000000000
--- a/packages/studio/CHANGELOG.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# @astrojs/studio
-
-## 0.1.9
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#13731](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/13731) [`c3e80c2`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/c3e80c25b90c803e2798b752583a8e77cdad3146) Thanks [@jsparkdev](https://github.com/jsparkdev)! - update vite to latest version for fixing CVE
-
-## 0.1.8
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#13591](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/13591) [`5dd2d3f`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/5dd2d3fde8a138ed611dedf39ffa5dfeeed315f8) Thanks [@florian-lefebvre](https://github.com/florian-lefebvre)! - Removes unused code
-
-## 0.1.7
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#13596](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/13596) [`3752519`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/375251966d1b28a570bff45ff0fe7e7d2fe46f72) Thanks [@jsparkdev](https://github.com/jsparkdev)! - update vite to latest version to fix CVE
-
-- [#13547](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/13547) [`360cb91`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/360cb9199a4314f90825c5639ff4396760e9cfcc) Thanks [@jsparkdev](https://github.com/jsparkdev)! - Updates vite to the latest version
-
-## 0.1.6
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#13526](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/13526) [`ff9d69e`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/ff9d69e3443c80059c54f6296d19f66bb068ead3) Thanks [@jsparkdev](https://github.com/jsparkdev)! - update `vite` to the latest version
-
-## 0.1.5
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#13505](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/13505) [`a98ae5b`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/a98ae5b8f5c33900379012e9e253a755c0a8927e) Thanks [@ematipico](https://github.com/ematipico)! - Updates the dependency `vite` to the latest.
-
-## 0.1.4
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#13011](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/13011) [`cf30880`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/cf3088060d45227dcb48e041c4ed5e0081d71398) Thanks [@ascorbic](https://github.com/ascorbic)! - Upgrades Vite
-
-## 0.1.3
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#12799](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/12799) [`739dbfb`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/739dbfba4214107cf8fc40c702834dad33eed3b0) Thanks [@ascorbic](https://github.com/ascorbic)! - Upgrades Vite to pin esbuild
-
-## 0.1.2
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#12073](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/12073) [`acf264d`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/acf264d8c003718cda5a0b9ce5fb7ac1cd6641b6) Thanks [@bluwy](https://github.com/bluwy)! - Replaces `ora` with `yocto-spinner`
-
-## 0.1.2-beta.0
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#12073](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/12073) [`acf264d`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/acf264d8c003718cda5a0b9ce5fb7ac1cd6641b6) Thanks [@bluwy](https://github.com/bluwy)! - Replaces `ora` with `yocto-spinner`
-
-## 0.1.1
-
-### Patch Changes
-
-- [#11331](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/11331) [`f1b78a4`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/f1b78a496034d53b0e9dfc276a4a1b1d691772c4) Thanks [@bluwy](https://github.com/bluwy)! - Relaxes exports condition to allow importing ESM from CJS
-
-## 0.1.0
-
-### Minor Changes
-
-- [#11037](https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/11037) [`9332bb1`](https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/9332bb1c1f237f5666ded09532ccd651837b94e5) Thanks [@Princesseuh](https://github.com/Princesseuh)! - Created package. This package contain shared code between integrations that interact with Astro Studio and is not intended to be used by end-users at this time
diff --git a/packages/studio/README.md b/packages/studio/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 935c200a3..000000000
--- a/packages/studio/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# @astrojs/studio
-
-This package manages the connection between a local Astro project and [Astro Studio](studio). At this time, this package is not intended for direct use by end users, but rather as a dependency of other Astro packages.
-
-## Support
-
-- Get help in the [Astro Discord][discord]. Post questions in our `#support` forum, or visit our dedicated `#dev` channel to discuss current development and more!
-
-- Check our [Astro Integration Documentation][astro-integration] for more on integrations.
-
-- Submit bug reports and feature requests as [GitHub issues][issues].
-
-## Contributing
-
-This package is maintained by Astro's Core team. You're welcome to submit an issue or PR! These links will help you get started:
-
-- [Contributor Manual][contributing]
-- [Code of Conduct][coc]
-- [Community Guide][community]
-
-## License
-
-MIT
-
-Copyright (c) 2023–present [Astro][astro]
-
-[astro]: https://astro.build/
-[contributing]: https://github.com/withastro/astro/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md
-[coc]: https://github.com/withastro/.github/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
-[community]: https://github.com/withastro/.github/blob/main/COMMUNITY_GUIDE.md
-[discord]: https://astro.build/chat/
-[issues]: https://github.com/withastro/astro/issues
-[astro-integration]: https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/integrations-guide/
-[studio]: https://studio.astro.build/
diff --git a/packages/studio/package.json b/packages/studio/package.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 646bb77b1..000000000
--- a/packages/studio/package.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "@astrojs/studio",
-  "version": "0.1.9",
-  "description": "Internal package powering integrations between Astro projects and Astro Studio",
-  "license": "MIT",
-  "repository": {
-    "type": "git",
-    "url": "git+https://github.com/withastro/astro.git",
-    "directory": "packages/studio"
-  },
-  "bugs": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/issues",
-  "homepage": "https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/integrations-guide/studio/",
-  "type": "module",
-  "author": "withastro",
-  "types": "./dist/index.js",
-  "main": "./dist/index.js",
-  "exports": {
-    ".": {
-      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
-      "default": "./dist/index.js"
-    },
-    "./package.json": "./package.json"
-  },
-  "files": [
-    "dist"
-  ],
-  "keywords": [
-    "withastro",
-    "astro-integration"
-  ],
-  "scripts": {
-    "build": "astro-scripts build \"src/**/*.ts\" && tsc",
-    "build:ci": "astro-scripts build \"src/**/*.ts\"",
-    "dev": "astro-scripts dev \"src/**/*.ts\""
-  },
-  "dependencies": {
-    "ci-info": "^4.2.0",
-    "kleur": "^4.1.5",
-    "yocto-spinner": "^0.2.1"
-  },
-  "devDependencies": {
-    "astro-scripts": "workspace:*",
-    "typescript": "^5.8.3",
-    "vite": "^6.3.4"
-  }
-}
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/core/errors.ts b/packages/studio/src/core/errors.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ffead3ee..000000000
--- a/packages/studio/src/core/errors.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import { cyan, red } from 'kleur/colors';
-
-export const MISSING_SESSION_ID_CI_ERROR = `${red('▶ ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN required')}
-
-	To authenticate with Astro Studio add the token to your CI's environment variables.\n`;
-
-export const MISSING_SESSION_ID_ERROR = `${red('▶ Login required!')}
-
-  To authenticate with Astro Studio, run
-  ${cyan('astro login')}\n`;
-
-export const MISSING_PROJECT_ID_ERROR = `${red('▶ Directory not linked.')}
-
-  To link this directory to an Astro Studio project, run
-  ${cyan('astro link')}\n`;
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/core/tokens.ts b/packages/studio/src/core/tokens.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index cb43d70ff..000000000
--- a/packages/studio/src/core/tokens.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
-import { homedir } from 'node:os';
-import { join } from 'node:path';
-import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
-import ci from 'ci-info';
-import { green } from 'kleur/colors';
-import yoctoSpinner from 'yocto-spinner';
-import {
-	MISSING_PROJECT_ID_ERROR,
-	MISSING_SESSION_ID_CI_ERROR,
-	MISSING_SESSION_ID_ERROR,
-} from './errors.js';
-import { getAstroStudioEnv, getAstroStudioUrl } from './utils.js';
-
-export const SESSION_LOGIN_FILE = pathToFileURL(join(homedir(), '.astro', 'session-token'));
-export const PROJECT_ID_FILE = pathToFileURL(join(process.cwd(), '.astro', 'link'));
-
-export interface ManagedAppToken {
-	token: string;
-	renew(): Promise<void>;
-	destroy(): Promise<void>;
-}
-
-class ManagedLocalAppToken implements ManagedAppToken {
-	token: string;
-	constructor(token: string) {
-		this.token = token;
-	}
-	async renew() {}
-	async destroy() {}
-}
-
-class ManagedRemoteAppToken implements ManagedAppToken {
-	token: string;
-	session: string;
-	projectId: string;
-	ttl: number;
-	expires: Date;
-	renewTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
-
-	static async create(sessionToken: string, projectId: string) {
-		const { token: shortLivedAppToken, ttl } = await this.createToken(sessionToken, projectId);
-		return new ManagedRemoteAppToken({
-			token: shortLivedAppToken,
-			session: sessionToken,
-			projectId,
-			ttl,
-		});
-	}
-
-	static async createToken(
-		sessionToken: string,
-		projectId: string,
-	): Promise<{ token: string; ttl: number }> {
-		const spinner = yoctoSpinner({ text: 'Connecting to remote database...' }).start();
-		const response = await safeFetch(
-			new URL(`${getAstroStudioUrl()}/auth/cli/token-create`),
-			{
-				method: 'POST',
-				headers: new Headers({
-					Authorization: `Bearer ${sessionToken}`,
-				}),
-				body: JSON.stringify({ projectId }),
-			},
-			(res) => {
-				throw new Error(`Failed to create token: ${res.status} ${res.statusText}`);
-			},
-		);
-		spinner.success(green('Connected to remote database.'));
-
-		const { token, ttl } = await response.json();
-		return { token, ttl };
-	}
-
-	constructor(options: { token: string; session: string; projectId: string; ttl: number }) {
-		this.token = options.token;
-		this.session = options.session;
-		this.projectId = options.projectId;
-		this.ttl = options.ttl;
-		this.renewTimer = setTimeout(() => this.renew(), (1000 * 60 * 5) / 2);
-		this.expires = getExpiresFromTtl(this.ttl);
-	}
-
-	private async fetch(url: string, body: Record<string, unknown>) {
-		return safeFetch(
-			`${getAstroStudioUrl()}${url}`,
-			{
-				method: 'POST',
-				headers: {
-					Authorization: `Bearer ${this.session}`,
-					'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-				},
-				body: JSON.stringify(body),
-			},
-			() => {
-				throw new Error(`Failed to fetch ${url}.`);
-			},
-		);
-	}
-
-	tokenIsValid() {
-		return new Date() > this.expires;
-	}
-
-	createRenewTimer() {
-		return setTimeout(() => this.renew(), (1000 * 60 * this.ttl) / 2);
-	}
-
-	async renew() {
-		clearTimeout(this.renewTimer);
-		delete this.renewTimer;
-
-		if (this.tokenIsValid()) {
-			const response = await this.fetch('/auth/cli/token-renew', {
-				token: this.token,
-				projectId: this.projectId,
-			});
-			if (response.status === 200) {
-				this.expires = getExpiresFromTtl(this.ttl);
-				this.renewTimer = this.createRenewTimer();
-			} else {
-				throw new Error(`Unexpected response: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
-			}
-		} else {
-			try {
-				const { token, ttl } = await ManagedRemoteAppToken.createToken(
-					this.session,
-					this.projectId,
-				);
-				this.token = token;
-				this.ttl = ttl;
-				this.expires = getExpiresFromTtl(ttl);
-				this.renewTimer = this.createRenewTimer();
-			} catch {
-				// If we get here we couldn't create a new token. Since the existing token
-				// is expired we really can't do anything and should exit.
-				throw new Error(
-					`Token has expired and attempts to renew it have failed, please try again.`,
-				);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	async destroy() {
-		try {
-			const response = await this.fetch('/auth/cli/token-delete', {
-				token: this.token,
-				projectId: this.projectId,
-			});
-			if (response.status !== 200) {
-				throw new Error(`Unexpected response: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
-			}
-		} catch (error: any) {
-			console.error('Failed to delete token.', error?.message);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-export async function getProjectIdFromFile() {
-	try {
-		return await readFile(PROJECT_ID_FILE, 'utf-8');
-	} catch {
-		return undefined;
-	}
-}
-
-export async function getSessionIdFromFile() {
-	try {
-		return await readFile(SESSION_LOGIN_FILE, 'utf-8');
-	} catch {
-		return undefined;
-	}
-}
-
-export async function getManagedAppTokenOrExit(token?: string): Promise<ManagedAppToken> {
-	if (token) {
-		return new ManagedLocalAppToken(token);
-	}
-	if (process.env.ASTRO_INTERNAL_TEST_REMOTE) {
-		return new ManagedLocalAppToken('fake' /* token ignored in test */);
-	}
-	const { ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN } = getAstroStudioEnv();
-	if (ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN) {
-		return new ManagedLocalAppToken(ASTRO_STUDIO_APP_TOKEN);
-	}
-	const sessionToken = await getSessionIdFromFile();
-	if (!sessionToken) {
-		if (ci.isCI) {
-			console.error(MISSING_SESSION_ID_CI_ERROR);
-		} else {
-			console.error(MISSING_SESSION_ID_ERROR);
-		}
-		process.exit(1);
-	}
-	const projectId = await getProjectIdFromFile();
-	if (!projectId) {
-		console.error(MISSING_PROJECT_ID_ERROR);
-		process.exit(1);
-	}
-	return ManagedRemoteAppToken.create(sessionToken, projectId);
-}
-
-function getExpiresFromTtl(ttl: number): Date {
-	// ttl is in minutes
-	return new Date(Date.now() + ttl * 60 * 1000);
-}
-
-/**
- * Small wrapper around fetch that throws an error if the response is not OK. Allows for custom error handling as well through the onNotOK callback.
- */
-async function safeFetch(
-	url: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0],
-	options: Parameters<typeof fetch>[1] = {},
-	onNotOK: (response: Response) => void | Promise<void> = () => {
-		throw new Error(`Request to ${url} returned a non-OK status code.`);
-	},
-): Promise<Response> {
-	const response = await fetch(url, options);
-
-	if (!response.ok) {
-		await onNotOK(response);
-	}
-
-	return response;
-}
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/core/utils.ts b/packages/studio/src/core/utils.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 7cf40f751..000000000
--- a/packages/studio/src/core/utils.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import { loadEnv } from 'vite';
-
-export function getAstroStudioEnv(envMode = ''): Record<`ASTRO_STUDIO_${string}`, string> {
-	const env = loadEnv(envMode, process.cwd(), 'ASTRO_STUDIO_');
-	return env;
-}
-
-export function getAstroStudioUrl(): string {
-	const env = getAstroStudioEnv();
-	return env.ASTRO_STUDIO_URL || 'https://studio.astro.build';
-}
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/index.ts b/packages/studio/src/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e97d53dfc..000000000
--- a/packages/studio/src/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-export * from './core/tokens.js';
-export * from './core/utils.js';
-export * from './core/errors.js';
diff --git a/packages/studio/tsconfig.json b/packages/studio/tsconfig.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 18443cddf..000000000
--- a/packages/studio/tsconfig.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "extends": "../../tsconfig.base.json",
-  "include": ["src"],
-  "compilerOptions": {
-    "outDir": "./dist"
-  }
-}
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 2a0fabafe..2d54f0da2 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -4371,9 +4371,6 @@ importers:
 
   packages/db:
     dependencies:
-      '@astrojs/studio':
-        specifier: workspace:*
-        version: link:../studio
       '@libsql/client':
         specifier: ^0.15.2
         version: 0.15.2
@@ -6198,28 +6195,6 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^2.0.1
         version: 2.0.1
 
-  packages/studio:
-    dependencies:
-      ci-info:
-        specifier: ^4.2.0
-        version: 4.2.0
-      kleur:
-        specifier: ^4.1.5
-        version: 4.1.5
-      yocto-spinner:
-        specifier: ^0.2.1
-        version: 0.2.1
-    devDependencies:
-      astro-scripts:
-        specifier: workspace:*
-        version: link:../../scripts
-      typescript:
-        specifier: ^5.8.3
-        version: 5.8.3
-      vite:
-        specifier: ^6.3.4
-        version: 6.3.5(@types/node@22.13.1)(jiti@2.4.2)(lightningcss@1.29.2)(sass@1.86.3)(yaml@2.5.1)
-
   packages/telemetry:
     dependencies:
       ci-info:
@@ -10694,6 +10669,7 @@ packages:
 
   libsql@0.5.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-GEFeWca4SDAQFxjHWJBE6GK52LEtSskiujbG3rqmmeTO9t4sfSBKIURNLLpKDDF7fb7jmTuuRkDAn9BZGITQNw==}
+    cpu: [x64, arm64, wasm32]
     os: [darwin, linux, win32]
 
   lightningcss-darwin-arm64@1.29.2: