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diff --git a/docs/src/pages/guides/markdown-content.md b/docs/src/pages/guides/markdown-content.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1314e9ea8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/src/pages/guides/markdown-content.md @@ -0,0 +1,222 @@ +--- +layout: ~/layouts/Main.astro +title: Markdown +--- + +Astro comes with out-of-the-box Markdown support powered by the expansive [remark](https://remark.js.org/) ecosystem. + +## Remark and Rehype Plugins + +In addition to custom components inside the [`<Markdown>` component](/guides/markdown-content#markdown-component), Astro comes with [GitHub-flavored Markdown](https://github.github.com/gfm/) support, [Footnotes](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark-footnotes) syntax, [Smartypants](https://github.com/silvenon/remark-smartypants), and syntax highlighting via [Prism](https://prismjs.com/) pre-enabled. + +Also, Astro supports third-party plugins for Markdown. You can provide your plugins in `astro.config.mjs`. + +> **Note:** Enabling custom `remarkPlugins` or `rehypePlugins` removes Astro's built-in support for [GitHub-flavored Markdown](https://github.github.com/gfm/) support, [Footnotes](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark-footnotes) syntax, [Smartypants](https://github.com/silvenon/remark-smartypants). You must explicitly add these plugins to your `astro.config.mjs` file, if desired. + +## Add a markdown plugin in Astro + +If you want to add a plugin, you need to install the npm package dependency in your project and then update the `markdownOptions.remarkPlugins` or `markdownOptions.rehypePlugins` depends on what plugin you want to have: + +```js +// astro.config.js +export default { + markdownOptions: { + remarkPlugins: [ + // Add a Remark plugin that you want to enable for your project. + // If you need to provide options for the plugin, you can use an array and put the options as the second item. + // 'remark-slug', + // ['remark-autolink-headings', { behavior: 'prepend'}], + ] + rehypePlugins: [ + // Add a Rehype plugin that you want to enable for your project. + // If you need to provide options for the plugin, you can use an array and put the options as the second item. + // 'rehype-slug', + // ['rehype-autolink-headings', { behavior: 'prepend'}], + ] + }, +}; +``` + +You can provide names of the plugins as well as import them: + +```js +// astro.config.js +export default { + markdownOptions: { + remarkPlugins: [import('remark-slug'), [import('remark-autolink-headings'), { behavior: 'prepend' }]], + }, +}; +``` + +### Markdown Pages + +Astro treats any `.md` files inside of the `/src/pages` directory as pages. These pages are processed as plain markdown files and do not support components. If you're looking to embed rich components in your markdown, take a look at the [Markdown Component](#astros-markdown-component) section. + +`layout` + +The only special Frontmatter key is `layout`, which defines the relative path to an `.astro` component which should wrap your Markdown content. + +`src/pages/index.md` + +```jsx +--- +layout: ../layouts/main.astro +--- + +# Hello World! +``` + +Layout files are normal `.astro` components. Any Frontmatter defined in your `.md` page will be exposed to the Layout component as the `content` prop. `content` also has an `astro` key which holds special metadata about your file, like the complete Markdown `source` and a `headings` object. + +Keep in mind that the only guaranteed variables coming from the `content` prop object are `astro` and `url`. An example of what a blog post `content` object might look like is as follows: + +```json +{ + /** Frontmatter from blog post + "title": "", + "date": "", + "author": "", + "description": "", + **/ + "astro": { + "headers": [], + "source": "" + }, + "url": "" +} +``` + +The rendered Markdown content is placed into the default `<slot />` element. + +`src/layouts/main.astro` + +```jsx +--- +const { content } = Astro.props; +--- + +<html> + <head> + <title>{content.title}</title> + </head> + + <body> + <slot/> + </body> +</html> +``` + +### Astro's Markdown Component + +Astro has a dedicated component used to let you render your markdown as HTML components. This is a special component that is only exposed to `.astro` files. To use the `<Markdown>` component, within yout frontmatter block use the following import statement: + +```jsx +--- +import { Markdown } from 'astro/components'; +--- +``` + +You can utilize this within your `.astro` file by doing the following: + +```jsx +--- +import { Markdown } from 'astro/components'; +--- + +<Layout> + <Markdown> + # Hello world! + + The contents inside here is all in markdown. + </Markdown> +</Layout> +``` + +`<Markdown>` components provide more flexibility and allow you to use plain HTML or custom components. For example: + +````jsx +--- +// For now, this import _must_ be named "Markdown" and _must not_ be wrapped with a custom component +// We're working on easing these restrictions! +import { Markdown } from 'astro/components'; +import Layout from '../layouts/main.astro'; +import MyFancyCodePreview from '../components/MyFancyCodePreview.tsx'; + +const expressions = 'Lorem ipsum'; +--- + +<Layout> + <Markdown> + # Hello world! + + **Everything** supported in a `.md` file is also supported here! + + There is _zero_ runtime overhead. + + In addition, Astro supports: + - Astro {expressions} + - Automatic indentation normalization + - Automatic escaping of expressions inside code blocks + + ```jsx + // This content is not transformed! + const object = { someOtherValue }; + ``` + + - Rich component support like any `.astro` file! + - Recursive Markdown support (Component children are also processed as Markdown) + + <MyFancyCodePreview client:visible> + ```jsx + const object = { someOtherValue }; + ``` + </MyFancyCodePreview client:visible> + </Markdown> +</Layout> +```` + +### Remote Markdown + +If you have Markdown in a remote source, you may pass it directly to the Markdown component through the `content` attribute. For example, the example below fetches the README from Snowpack's Github repository and renders it as HTML. + +```jsx +--- +import { Markdown } from 'astro/components'; + +const content = await fetch('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/snowpackjs/snowpack/main/README.md').then(res => res.text()); +--- + +<Layout> + <Markdown content={content} /> +</Layout> +``` + +There might be times when you want to combine both dynamic, and static markdown. If that is the case, you can nest `<Markdown>` components with each other to get the best of both worlds. + +```jsx +--- +import { Markdown } from 'astro/components'; + +const content = await fetch('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/snowpackjs/snowpack/main/README.md').then(res => res.text()); +--- + +<Layout> + <Markdown> + ## Markdown example + + Here we have some __Markdown__ code. We can also dynamically render content from remote places. + + <Markdown content={content} /> + </Mardown> +</Layout> +``` + +### Security FAQs + +**Aren't there security concerns to rendering remote markdown directly to HTML?** + +Yes! Just like with regular HTML, improper use of the `Markdown` component can open you up to a [cross-site scripting (XSS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting) attack. If you are rendering untrusted content, be sure to _sanitize your content **before** rendering it_. + +**Why not use a prop like React's `dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: content }}`?** + +Rendering a string of HTML (or Markdown) is an extremely common use case when rendering a static site and you probably don't need the extra hoops to jump through. Rendering untrusted content is always dangerous! Be sure to _sanitize your content **before** rendering it_. |