path: root/packages/integrations/vercel/README.md

# @astrojs/vercel

This adapter allows Astro to deploy your SSR site to [Vercel](https://www.vercel.com/).

Learn how to deploy your Astro site in our [Vercel deployment guide](https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/deploy/vercel/).

- <strong>[Why Astro Vercel](#why-astro-vercel)</strong>
- <strong>[Installation](#installation)</strong>
- <strong>[Usage](#usage)</strong>
- <strong>[Configuration](#configuration)</strong>
- <strong>[Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)</strong>
- <strong>[Contributing](#contributing)</strong>
- <strong>[Changelog](#changelog)</strong>

## Why Astro Vercel

If you're using Astro as a static site builder — its behavior out of the box — you don't need an adapter.

If you wish to [use server-side rendering (SSR)](https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/server-side-rendering/), Astro requires an adapter that matches your deployment runtime.

[Vercel](https://www.vercel.com/) is a deployment platform that allows you to host your site by connecting directly to your GitHub repository. This adapter enhances the Astro build process to prepare your project for deployment through Vercel.

## Installation

Add the Vercel adapter to enable SSR in your Astro project with the following `astro add` command. This will install the adapter and make the appropriate changes to your `astro.config.mjs` file in one step.

```sh
# Using NPM
npx astro add vercel
# Using Yarn
yarn astro add vercel
# Using PNPM
pnpm astro add vercel
```

### Add dependencies manually

If you prefer to install the adapter manually instead, complete the following two steps:

1. Install the Vercel adapter to your project’s dependencies using your preferred package manager. If you’re using npm or aren’t sure, run this in the terminal:

   ```bash
     npm install @astrojs/vercel
   ```

1. Add two new lines to your `astro.config.mjs` project configuration file.

   ```diff lang="js"
     // astro.config.mjs
     import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
   + import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';

     export default defineConfig({
   +   output: 'server',
   +   adapter: vercel(),
     });
   ```

### Targets

You can deploy to different targets:

- `serverless`: SSR inside a [Node.js function](https://vercel.com/docs/concepts/functions/serverless-functions).
- `static`: generates a static website following Vercel's output formats, redirects, etc.

You can change where to target by changing the import:

```js
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/static';
```

## Usage

📚 **[Read the full deployment guide here.](https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/deploy/vercel/)**

You can deploy by CLI (`vercel deploy`) or by connecting your new repo in the [Vercel Dashboard](https://vercel.com/). Alternatively, you can create a production build locally:

```sh
astro build
vercel deploy --prebuilt
```

## Configuration

To configure this adapter, pass an object to the `vercel()` function call in `astro.config.mjs`:

### Web Analytics

**Type:** `VercelWebAnalyticsConfig`<br>
**Available for:** Serverless, Edge, Static<br>
**Added in:** `@astrojs/vercel@3.8.0`

You can enable [Vercel Web Analytics](https://vercel.com/docs/concepts/analytics) by setting `webAnalytics: { enabled: true }`. This will inject Vercel’s tracking scripts into all of your pages.

```js
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: vercel({
    webAnalytics: {
      enabled: true,
    },
  }),
});
```

### Speed Insights

You can enable [Vercel Speed Insights](https://vercel.com/docs/concepts/speed-insights) by setting `speedInsights: { enabled: true }`. This will collect and send Web Vital data to Vercel.

**Type:** `VercelSpeedInsightsConfig`<br>
**Available for:** Serverless, Edge, Static<br>
**Added in:** `@astrojs/vercel@3.8.0`

```js
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: vercel({
    speedInsights: {
      enabled: true,
    },
  }),
});
```

### imagesConfig

**Type:** `VercelImageConfig`<br>
**Available for:** Serverless, Static
**Added in:** `@astrojs/vercel@3.3.0`

Configuration options for [Vercel's Image Optimization API](https://vercel.com/docs/concepts/image-optimization). See [Vercel's image configuration documentation](https://vercel.com/docs/build-output-api/v3/configuration#images) for a complete list of supported parameters.

The `domains` and `remotePatterns` properties will automatically be filled using [the Astro corresponding `image` settings](https://docs.astro.build/en/reference/configuration-reference/#image-options).

```js
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/static';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: vercel({
    imagesConfig: {
      sizes: [320, 640, 1280],
    },
  }),
});
```

### imageService

**Type:** `boolean`<br>
**Available for:** Serverless, Static
**Added in:** `@astrojs/vercel@3.3.0`

When enabled, an [Image Service](https://docs.astro.build/en/reference/image-service-reference/) powered by the Vercel Image Optimization API will be automatically configured and used in production. In development, the image service specified by [`devImageService`](#devimageservice) will be used instead.

```js
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/static';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: vercel({
    imageService: true,
  }),
});
```

```astro
---
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
import astroLogo from '../assets/logo.png';
---

<!-- This component -->
<Image src={astroLogo} alt="My super logo!" />

<!-- will become the following HTML -->
<img
  src="/_vercel/image?url=_astro/logo.hash.png&w=...&q=..."
  alt="My super logo!"
  loading="lazy"
  decoding="async"
  width="..."
  height="..."
/>
```

### devImageService

**Type:** `'sharp' | 'squoosh' | string`<br>
**Available for:** Serverless, Static
**Added in:** `@astrojs/vercel@3.3.0`
**Default**: 'sharp'

Allows you to configure which image service to use in development when [imageService](#imageservice) is enabled. This can be useful if you cannot install Sharp's dependencies on your development machine, but using another image service like Squoosh would allow you to preview images in your dev environment. Build is unaffected and will always use Vercel's Image Optimization.

It can also be set to any arbitrary value in order to use a custom image service instead of Astro's built-in ones.

```js
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: vercel({
    imageService: true,
    devImageService: 'squoosh',
  }),
});
```

### includeFiles

**Type:** `string[]`<br>
**Available for:** Serverless

Use this property to force files to be bundled with your function. This is helpful when you notice missing files.

```js
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: vercel({
    includeFiles: ['./my-data.json'],
  }),
});
```

### excludeFiles

**Type:** `string[]`<br>
**Available for:** Serverless

Use this property to exclude any files from the bundling process that would otherwise be included.

```js
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: vercel({
    excludeFiles: ['./src/some_big_file.jpg'],
  }),
});
```

### maxDuration

**Type:** `number`<br>
**Available for:** Serverless

Use this property to extend or limit the maximum duration (in seconds) that Serverless Functions can run before timing out. See the [Vercel documentation](https://vercel.com/docs/functions/serverless-functions/runtimes#maxduration) for the default and maximum limit for your account plan.

```diff lang="js"
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';

export default defineConfig({
    output: "server",
    adapter: vercel({
+       maxDuration: 60
    }),
});
```

### Function bundling configuration

The Vercel adapter combines all of your routes into a single function by default.

You also have the option to split builds into a separate function for each route using the `functionPerRoute` option. This reduces the size of each function, meaning you are less likely to exceed the size limit for an individual function. Also, code starts are faster.

Verify that your Vercel plan includes an appropriate number of functions before enabling `functionPerRoute`. For example, Vercel's free tier limits each deployment to no more than 12 functions. If your Vercel plan is insufficient for the number of routes in your project, you will receive an error message during deployment.

```js
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: vercel({
    functionPerRoute: true,
  }),
});
```

### Vercel Edge Middleware

You can use Vercel Edge middleware to intercept a request and redirect before sending a response. Vercel middleware can run for Edge, SSR, and Static deployments. You may not need to install this package for your middleware. `@vercel/edge` is only required to use some middleware features such as geolocation. For more information see [Vercel’s middleware documentation](https://vercel.com/docs/concepts/functions/edge-middleware).

1. Add a `middleware.js` file to the root of your project:

   ```js
   // middleware.js
   export const config = {
     // Only run the middleware on the admin route
     matcher: '/admin',
   };

   export default function middleware(request) {
     const url = new URL(request.url);
     // You can retrieve IP location or cookies here.
     if (url.pathname === '/admin') {
       url.pathname = '/';
     }
     return Response.redirect(url);
   }
   ```

1. While developing locally, you can run `vercel dev` to run middleware. In production, Vercel will handle this for you.

<!-- prettier-ignore -->
> **Warning**
> **Trying to rewrite?** Currently rewriting a request with middleware only works for static files.

### Vercel Edge Middleware with Astro middleware

The `@astrojs/vercel/serverless` adapter can automatically create the Vercel Edge middleware from an Astro middleware in your code base.

This is an opt-in feature, and the `edgeMiddleware` option needs to be set to `true`:

```js
// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import vercel from '@astrojs/vercel/serverless';
export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: vercel({
    edgeMiddleware: true,
  }),
});
```

Optionally, you can create a file recognized by the adapter named `vercel-edge-middleware.(js|ts)` in the [`srcDir`](https://docs.astro.build/en/reference/configuration-reference/#srcdir) folder to create [`Astro.locals`](https://docs.astro.build/en/reference/api-reference/#astrolocals).

Typings requires the [`@vercel/edge`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@vercel/edge) package.

```js
// src/vercel-edge-middleware.js
/**
 *
 * @param options.request {Request}
 * @param options.context {import("@vercel/edge").RequestContext}
 * @returns {object}
 */
export default function ({ request, context }) {
  // do something with request and context
  return {
    title: "Spider-man's blog",
  };
}
```

If you use TypeScript, you can type the function as follows:

```ts
// src/vercel-edge-middleware.ts
import type { RequestContext } from '@vercel/edge';

export default function ({ request, context }: { request: Request; context: RequestContext }) {
  // do something with request and context
  return {
    title: "Spider-man's blog",
  };
}
```

The data returned by this function will be passed to Astro middleware.

The function:

- must export a **default** function;
- must **return** an `object`;
- accepts an object with a `request` and `context` as properties;
- `request` is typed as [`Request`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Request);
- `context` is typed as [`RequestContext`](https://vercel.com/docs/concepts/functions/edge-functions/vercel-edge-package#requestcontext);

#### Limitations and constraints

When you opt in to this feature, there are few constraints to note:

- The Vercel Edge middleware will always be the **first** function to receive the `Request` and the last function to receive `Response`. This an architectural constraint that follows the [boundaries set by Vercel](https://vercel.com/docs/concepts/functions/edge-middleware).
- Only `request` and `context` may be used to produce an `Astro.locals` object. Operations like redirects, etc. should be delegated to Astro middleware.
- `Astro.locals` **must be serializable**. Failing to do so will result in a **runtime error**. This means that you **cannot** store complex types like `Map`, `function`, `Set`, etc.

## Troubleshooting

**A few known complex packages (example: [puppeteer](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer)) do not support bundling and therefore will not work properly with this adapter.** By default, Vercel doesn't include npm installed files & packages from your project's `./node_modules` folder. To address this, the `@astrojs/vercel` adapter automatically bundles your final build output using `esbuild`.

For help, check out the `#support` channel on [Discord](https://astro.build/chat). Our friendly Support Squad members are here to help!

## Contributing

This package is maintained by Astro's Core team. You're welcome to submit an issue or PR!

## Changelog

See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) for a history of changes to this integration.

[astro-integration]: https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/integrations-guide/