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diff --git a/docs/runtime/autoimport.md b/docs/runtime/autoimport.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..70af18e1f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/runtime/autoimport.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +{% callout %} +**Note** — Added in Bun v0.3.0 +{% /callout %} + +If no `node_modules` directory is found in the working directory or higher, Bun will abandon Node.js-style module resolution in favor of the **Bun module resolution algorithm**. + +Under Bun-style module resolution, all imported packages are auto-installed on the fly into a [global module cache](/docs/cli/install#global-cache) during execution (the same cache used by [`bun install`](/docs/cli/install)). + +```ts +import { foo } from "foo"; // install `latest` version + +foo(); +``` + +The first time you run this script, Bun will auto-install `"foo"` and cache it. The next time you run the script, it will use the cached version. + +## Version resolution + +To determine which version to install, Bun follows the following algorithm: + +1. Check for a `bun.lockb` file in the project root. If it exists, use the version specified in the lockfile. +2. Otherwise, scan up the tree for a `package.json` that includes `"foo"` as a dependency. If found, use the specified semver version or version range. +3. Otherwise, use `latest`. + +## Cache behavior + +Once a version or version range has been determined, Bun will: + +1. Check the module cache for a compatible version. If one exists, use it. +2. When resolving `latest`, Bun will check if `package@latest` has been downloaded and cached in the last _24 hours_. If so, use it. +3. Otherwise, download and install the appropriate version from the `npm` registry. + +## Installation + +Packages are installed and cached into `<cache>/<pkg>@<version>`, so multiple versions of the same package can be cached at once. Additionally, a symlink is created under `<cache>/<pkg>/<version>` to make it faster to look up all versions of a package that exist in the cache. + +## Version specifiers + +This entire resolution algorithm can be short-circuited by specifying a version or version range directly in your import statement. + +```ts +import { z } from "zod@3.0.0"; // specific version +import { z } from "zod@next"; // npm tag +import { z } from "zod@^3.20.0"; // semver range +``` + +## Benefits + +This auto-installation approach is useful for a few reasons: + +- **Space efficiency** — Each version of a dependency only exists in one place on disk. This is a huge space and time savings compared to redundant per-project installations. +- **Portability** — To share simple scripts and gists, your source file is _self-contained_. No need to `zip` together a directory containing your code and config files. With version specifiers in `import` statements, even a `package.json` isn't necessary. +- **Convenience** — There's no need to run `npm install` or `bun install` before running a file or script. Just `bun run` it. +- **Backwards compatibility** — Because Bun still respects the versions specified in `package.json` if one exists, you can switch to Bun-style resolution with a single command: `rm -rf node_modules`. + +## Limitations + +- No Intellisense. TypeScript auto-completion in IDEs relies on the existence of type declaration files inside `node_modules`. We are investigating various solutions to this. +- No [patch-package](https://github.com/ds300/patch-package) support + +<!-- - The implementation details of Bun's install cache will change between versions. Don't think of it as an API. To reliably resolve packages, use Bun's builtin APIs (such as `Bun.resolveSync` or `import.meta.resolve`) instead of relying on the filesystem directly. Bun will likely move to a binary archive format where packages may not correspond to files/folders on disk at all - so if you depend on the filesystem structure instead of the JavaScript API, your code will eventually break. --> + +<!-- ## Customizing behavior + +To prefer locally-installed versions of packages. Instead of checking npm for latest versions, you can pass the `--prefer-offline` flag to prefer locally-installed versions of packages. + +```bash +$ bun run --prefer-offline my-script.ts +``` + +This will check the install cache for installed versions of packages before checking the npm registry. If no matching version of a package is installed, only then will it check npm for the latest version. + +#### Prefer latest + +To always use the latest version of a package, you can pass the `--prefer-latest` flag. + +```bash +$ bun run --prefer-latest my-script.ts +``` --> + +## FAQ + +{% details summary="How is this different from what pnpm does?" %} + +With pnpm, you have to run `pnpm install`, which creates a `node_modules` folder of symlinks for the runtime to resolve. By contrast, Bun resolves dependencies on the fly when you run a file; there's no need to run any `install` command ahead of time. Bun also doesn't create a `node_modules` folder. + +{% /details %} + +{% details summary="How is this different from Yarn Plug'N'Play does?" %} +With Yarn, you must run `yarn install` before you run a script. By contrast, Bun resolves dependencies on the fly when you run a file; there's no need to run any `install` command ahead of time. + +Yarn Plug'N'Play also uses zip files to store dependencies. This makes dependency loading [slower at runtime](https://twitter.com/jarredsumner/status/1458207919636287490), as random access reads on zip files tend to be slower than the equivalent disk lookup. +{% /details %} + +{% details summary="How is this different from what Deno does?" %} + +Deno requires an `npm:` specifier before each npm `import`, lacks support for import maps via `compilerOptions.paths` in `tsconfig.json`, and has incomplete support for `package.json` settings. Unlike Deno, Bun does not currently support URL imports. +{% /details %} |