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+en.wikipedia.org,U-Net - Wikipedia,"is a that was developed for biomedical at the Computer Science Department of the . The network is based on a fully whose architecture was modified and extended to work with fewer training images and to yield more precise . Segmentation of a 512 × 512 image takes less than a second on a modern . + The U-Net architecture has also been employed in for iterative image denoising. This technology underlies many modern image generation models, such as , , and . + The U-Net architecture stems from the so-called “fully convolutional network” proposed by Long, Shelhamer, and Darrell in 2014. + The main idea is to supplement a usual contracting network by successive layers, where pooling operations are replaced by operators. Hence these layers increase the resolution of the output. A successive convolutional layer can then learn to assemble a precise output based on this information. + One important modification in U-Net is that there are a large number of feature channels in the upsampling part, which allow the network to propagate context information to higher resolution layers. As a consequence, the expansive path is more or less symmetric to the contracting part, and yields a u-shaped architecture. The network only uses the valid part of each without any fully connected layers. To predict the pixels in the border region of the image, the missing context is extrapolated by mirroring the input image. This tiling strategy is important to apply the network to large images, since otherwise the resolution would be limited by the memory. + U-Net was created by Olaf Ronneberger, Philipp Fischer, Thomas Brox in 2015 and reported in the paper “U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation”. It is an improvement and development of FCN: Evan Shelhamer, Jonathan Long, Trevor Darrell (2014). ""Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation"". + The network consists of a contracting path and an expansive path, which gives it the u-shaped architecture. The contracting path is a typical convolutional network that consists of repeated application of , each followed by a (ReLU) and a operation. During the contraction, the spatial information is reduced while feature information is increased. The expansive pathway combines the feature and spatial information through a sequence of up-convolutions and concatenations with high-resolution features from the contracting path. + There are many applications of U-Net in biomedical , such as brain image segmentation (''BRATS'' ) and liver image segmentation (""siliver07"" ) as well as protein binding site prediction. U-Net implementations have also found use in the physical sciences, for example in the analysis of micrographs of materials. Variations of the U-Net have also been applied for medical image reconstruction. Here are some variants and applications of U-Net as follows:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Example_architecture_of_U-Net_for_producing_k_256-by-256_image_masks_for_a_256-by-256_RGB_image.png/220px-Example_architecture_of_U-Net_for_producing_k_256-by-256_image_masks_for_a_256-by-256_RGB_image.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Net
+en.wikipedia.org,C++ - Wikipedia,"( , pronounced "" "" and sometimes abbreviated as ) is a , created by Danish computer scientist . First released in 1985 as an extension of the , it has since expanded significantly over time; as of 1997 , C++ has , , and features, in addition to facilities for manipulation for making things like or to make operating systems like or . It is almost always implemented as a , and many vendors provide , including the , , , , , , and . + C++ was designed with and , resource-constrained software and large systems in mind, with , efficiency, and flexibility of use as its design highlights. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, with key strengths being software infrastructure and resource-constrained applications, including , , (e.g., , , or ), and performance-critical applications (e.g., or ). + C++ is standardized by the (ISO), with the latest standard version ratified and published by ISO in December 2020 as (informally known as ). The C++ programming language was initially standardized in 1998 as , which was then amended by the , , , and standards. The current standard supersedes these with new features and an enlarged . Before the initial standardization in 1998, C++ was developed by Stroustrup at since 1979 as an extension of the C language; he wanted an efficient and flexible language similar to C that also provided for program organization. Since 2012, C++ has been on a three-year release schedule with as the next planned standard. + In 1979, , a Danish , began work on "" "", the predecessor to C++. The motivation for creating a new language originated from Stroustrup's experience in programming for his PhD thesis. Stroustrup found that had features that were very helpful for large software development, but the language was too slow for practical use, while was fast but too low-level to be suitable for large software development. When Stroustrup started working in , he had the problem of analyzing the with respect to . Remembering his PhD experience, Stroustrup set out to enhance the language with -like features. C was chosen because it was general-purpose, fast, portable, and widely used. In addition to C and Simula's influences, other languages influenced this new language, including , , , and . + Initially, Stroustrup's ""C with Classes"" added features to the C compiler, Cpre, including , , , , and . + In 1982, Stroustrup started to develop a successor to C with Classes, which he named ""C++"" ( being the in C) after going through several other names. New features were added, including , function name and , , constants, type-safe free-store memory allocation (new/delete), improved type checking, and BCPL-style single-line comments with two forward slashes ( ). Furthermore, Stroustrup developed a new, standalone compiler for C++, . + In 1984, Stroustrup implemented the first stream input/output library. The idea of providing an output operator rather than a named output function was suggested by (who had previously suggested ). + In 1985, the first edition of was released, which became the definitive reference for the language, as there was not yet an official standard. The first commercial implementation of C++ was released in October of the same year. + In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of in 1991. New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, , and protected members. In 1990, was published. This work became the basis for the future standard. Later feature additions included , , , new , and a . + In 1998, C++98 was released, standardizing the language, and a minor update ( ) was released in 2003. + After C++98, C++ evolved relatively slowly until, in 2011, the standard was released, adding numerous new features, enlarging the standard library further, and providing more facilities to C++ programmers. After a minor update released in December 2014, various new additions were introduced in . After becoming finalized in February 2020, a draft of the C++20 standard was approved on 4 September 2020, and officially published on 15 December 2020. + On January 3, 2018, Stroustrup was announced as the 2018 winner of the for Engineering, ""for conceptualizing and developing the C++ programming language"". + As of December 2022 , C++ ranked third on the , surpassing for the first time in the history of the index. It ranks third, after and . + According to Stroustrup, ""the name signifies the evolutionary nature of the changes from C."" This name is credited to Rick Mascitti (mid-1983) and was first used in December 1983. When Mascitti was questioned informally in 1992 about the naming, he indicated that it was given in a spirit. The name comes from C's (which the of a ) and a common of using ""+"" to indicate an enhanced computer program. + During C++'s development period, the language had been referred to as ""new C"" and ""C with Classes"" before acquiring its final name. + Throughout C++'s life, its development and evolution has been guided by a set of principles: + C++ is standardized by an working group known as . So far, it has published six revisions of the C++ standard and is currently working on the next revision, . + In 1998, the ISO working group standardized C++ for the first time as , which is informally known as . In 2003, it published a new version of the C++ standard called , which fixed problems identified in C++98. + The next major revision of the standard was informally referred to as ""C++0x"", but it was not released until 2011. (14882:2011) included many additions to both the core language and the standard library. + In 2014, (also known as C++1y) was released as a small extension to C++11, featuring mainly bug fixes and small improvements. The Draft International Standard ballot procedures completed in mid-August 2014. + After C++14, a major revision , informally known as C++1z, was completed by the ISO C++ committee in mid July 2017 and was approved and published in December 2017. + As part of the standardization process, ISO also publishes : + More technical specifications are in development and pending approval, including new set of concurrency extensions. + The C++ language has two main components: a direct mapping of hardware features provided primarily by the C subset, and zero-overhead abstractions based on those mappings. Stroustrup describes C++ as ""a light-weight abstraction programming language [designed] for building and using efficient and elegant abstractions""; and ""offering both hardware access and abstraction is the basis of C++. Doing it efficiently is what distinguishes it from other languages."" + C++ inherits most of . The following is Bjarne Stroustrup's version of the that uses the stream facility to write a message to : + As in C, C++ supports four types of : static storage duration objects, thread storage duration objects, automatic storage duration objects, and dynamic storage duration objects. + Static storage duration objects are created before is entered (see exceptions below) and destroyed in reverse order of creation after exits. The exact order of creation is not specified by the standard (though there are some rules defined below) to allow implementations some freedom in how to organize their implementation. More formally, objects of this type have a lifespan that ""shall last for the duration of the program"". + Static storage duration objects are initialized in two phases. First, ""static initialization"" is performed, and only all static initialization is performed, ""dynamic initialization"" is performed. In static initialization, all objects are first initialized with zeros; after that, all objects that have a constant initialization phase are initialized with the constant expression (i.e. variables initialized with a literal or ). Though it is not specified in the standard, the static initialization phase can be completed at compile time and saved in the data partition of the executable. Dynamic initialization involves all object initialization done via a constructor or function call (unless the function is marked with , in C++11). The dynamic initialization order is defined as the order of declaration within the compilation unit (i.e. the same file). No guarantees are provided about the order of initialization between compilation units. + Variables of this type are very similar to static storage duration objects. The main difference is the creation time is just prior to thread creation and destruction is done after the thread has been joined. + The most common variable types in C++ are local variables inside a function or block, and temporary variables. The common feature about automatic variables is that they have a lifetime that is limited to the scope of the variable. They are created and potentially initialized at the point of declaration (see below for details) and destroyed in the order of creation when the scope is left. This is implemented by allocation on the . + Local variables are created as the point of execution passes the declaration point. If the variable has a constructor or initializer this is used to define the initial state of the object. Local variables are destroyed when the local block or function that they are declared in is closed. C++ destructors for local variables are called at the end of the object lifetime, allowing a discipline for automatic resource management termed , which is widely used in C++. + Member variables are created when the parent object is created. Array members are initialized from 0 to the last member of the array in order. Member variables are destroyed when the parent object is destroyed in the reverse order of creation. i.e. If the parent is an ""automatic object"" then it will be destroyed when it goes out of scope which triggers the destruction of all its members. + Temporary variables are created as the result of expression evaluation and are destroyed when the statement containing the expression has been fully evaluated (usually at the at the end of a statement). + These objects have a dynamic lifespan and can be created directly with a call to and destroyed explicitly with a call to . C++ also supports and , from C, but these are not compatible with and . Use of returns an address to the allocated memory. The C++ Core Guidelines advise against using directly for creating dynamic objects in favor of smart pointers through for single ownership and for reference-counted multiple ownership, which were introduced in C++11. + enable . supports function, class, alias, and variable templates. Templates may be parameterized by types, compile-time constants, and other templates. Templates are implemented by at compile-time. To instantiate a template, compilers substitute specific arguments for a template's parameters to generate a concrete function or class instance. Some substitutions are not possible; these are eliminated by an overload resolution policy described by the phrase "" "" (SFINAE). Templates are a powerful tool that can be used for , , and code optimization, but this power implies a cost. Template use may increase size, because each template instantiation produces a copy of the template code: one for each set of template arguments, however, this is the same or smaller amount of code that would be generated if the code were written by hand. This is in contrast to run-time generics seen in other languages (e.g., ) where at compile-time the type is erased and a single template body is preserved. + Templates are different from : while both of these compile-time language features enable conditional compilation, templates are not restricted to lexical substitution. Templates are aware of the semantics and type system of their companion language, as well as all compile-time type definitions, and can perform high-level operations including programmatic flow control based on evaluation of strictly type-checked parameters. Macros are capable of conditional control over compilation based on predetermined criteria, but cannot instantiate new types, recurse, or perform type evaluation and in effect are limited to pre-compilation text-substitution and text-inclusion/exclusion. In other words, macros can control compilation flow based on pre-defined symbols but cannot, unlike templates, independently instantiate new symbols. Templates are a tool for static (see below) and . + In addition, templates are a compile-time mechanism in C++ that is , meaning that any computation expressible by a computer program can be computed, in some form, by a prior to runtime. + In summary, a template is a compile-time parameterized function or class written without knowledge of the specific arguments used to instantiate it. After instantiation, the resulting code is equivalent to code written specifically for the passed arguments. In this manner, templates provide a way to decouple generic, broadly applicable aspects of functions and classes (encoded in templates) from specific aspects (encoded in template parameters) without sacrificing performance due to abstraction. + C++ introduces (OOP) features to C. It offers , which provide the four features commonly present in OOP (and some non-OOP) languages: , , , and . One distinguishing feature of classes compared to classes in other programming languages is support for deterministic , which in turn provide support for the (RAII) concept. + is the hiding of information to ensure that data structures and operators are used as intended and to make the usage model more obvious to the developer. C++ provides the ability to define classes and functions as its primary encapsulation mechanisms. Within a class, members can be declared as either public, protected, or private to explicitly enforce encapsulation. A public member of the class is accessible to any function. A private member is accessible only to functions that are members of that class and to functions and classes explicitly granted access permission by the class (""friends""). A protected member is accessible to members of classes that inherit from the class in addition to the class itself and any friends. + The object-oriented principle ensures the encapsulation of all and only the functions that access the internal representation of a type. C++ supports this principle via member functions and friend functions, but it does not enforce it. Programmers can declare parts or all of the representation of a type to be public, and they are allowed to make public entities not part of the representation of a type. Therefore, C++ supports not just object-oriented programming, but other decomposition paradigms such as . + It is generally considered good practice to make all private or protected, and to make public only those functions that are part of a minimal interface for users of the class. This can hide the details of data implementation, allowing the designer to later fundamentally change the implementation without changing the interface in any way. + allows one data type to acquire properties of other data types. Inheritance from a may be declared as public, protected, or private. This access specifier determines whether unrelated and derived classes can access the inherited public and protected members of the base class. Only public inheritance corresponds to what is usually meant by ""inheritance"". The other two forms are much less frequently used. If the access specifier is omitted, a ""class"" inherits privately, while a ""struct"" inherits publicly. Base classes may be declared as virtual; this is called . Virtual inheritance ensures that only one instance of a base class exists in the inheritance graph, avoiding some of the ambiguity problems of multiple inheritance. + is a C++ feature allowing a class to be derived from more than one base class; this allows for more elaborate inheritance relationships. For example, a ""Flying Cat"" class can inherit from both ""Cat"" and ""Flying Mammal"". Some other languages, such as or , accomplish something similar (although more limited) by allowing inheritance of multiple while restricting the number of base classes to one (interfaces, unlike classes, provide only declarations of member functions, no implementation or member data). An interface as in C# and Java can be defined in as a class containing only pure virtual functions, often known as an or ""ABC"". The member functions of such an abstract base class are normally explicitly defined in the derived class, not inherited implicitly. C++ virtual inheritance exhibits an ambiguity resolution feature called . + C++ provides more than 35 operators, covering basic arithmetic, bit manipulation, indirection, comparisons, logical operations and others. Almost all operators can be for user-defined types, with a few notable exceptions such as member access ( and ) and the conditional operator. The rich set of overloadable operators is central to making user-defined types in C++ seem like built-in types. + Overloadable operators are also an essential part of many advanced C++ programming techniques, such as . Overloading an operator does not change the precedence of calculations involving the operator, nor does it change the number of operands that the operator uses (any operand may however be ignored by the operator, though it will be evaluated prior to execution). Overloaded "" "" and "" "" operators lose their property. + enables one common interface for many implementations, and for objects to act differently under different circumstances. + C++ supports several kinds of (resolved at ) and (resolved at ) , supported by the language features described above. does not allow for certain run-time decisions, while typically incurs a performance penalty. + allows programs to declare multiple functions having the same name but with different arguments (i.e. ). The functions are distinguished by the number or types of their . Thus, the same function name can refer to different functions depending on the context in which it is used. The type returned by the function is not used to distinguish overloaded functions and differing return types would result in a compile-time error message. + When declaring a function, a programmer can specify for one or more parameters a . Doing so allows the parameters with defaults to optionally be omitted when the function is called, in which case the default arguments will be used. When a function is called with fewer arguments than there are declared parameters, explicit arguments are matched to parameters in left-to-right order, with any unmatched parameters at the end of the parameter list being assigned their default arguments. In many cases, specifying default arguments in a single function declaration is preferable to providing overloaded function definitions with different numbers of parameters. + provide a sophisticated mechanism for writing generic, polymorphic code (i.e. ). In particular, through the , it is possible to implement a form of static polymorphism that closely mimics the syntax for overriding virtual functions. Because C++ templates are type-aware and , they can also be used to let the compiler resolve recursive conditionals and generate substantial programs through . Contrary to some opinion, template code will not generate a bulk code after compilation with the proper compiler settings. + Variable pointers and references to a base class type in C++ can also refer to objects of any derived classes of that type. This allows arrays and other kinds of containers to hold pointers to objects of differing types (references cannot be directly held in containers). This enables dynamic (run-time) polymorphism, where the referred objects can behave differently, depending on their (actual, derived) types. + C++ also provides the operator, which allows code to safely attempt conversion of an object, via a base reference/pointer, to a more derived type: . The is necessary as often one does not know which derived type is referenced. ( , conversion to a more general type, can always be checked/performed at compile-time via , as ancestral classes are specified in the derived class's interface, visible to all callers.) relies on (RTTI), metadata in the program that enables differentiating types and their relationships. If a to a pointer fails, the result is the constant, whereas if the destination is a reference (which cannot be null), the cast throws an exception. Objects to be of a certain derived type can be cast to that with , bypassing RTTI and the safe runtime type-checking of , so this should be used only if the programmer is very confident the cast is, and will always be, valid. + Ordinarily, when a function in a derived class a function in a base class, the function to call is determined by the type of the object. A given function is overridden when there exists no difference in the number or type of parameters between two or more definitions of that function. Hence, at compile time, it may not be possible to determine the type of the object and therefore the correct function to call, given only a base class pointer; the decision is therefore put off until runtime. This is called . or allow the most specific implementation of the function to be called, according to the actual run-time type of the object. In C++ implementations, this is commonly done using . If the object type is known, this may be bypassed by prepending a before the function call, but in general calls to virtual functions are resolved at run time. + In addition to standard member functions, operator overloads and destructors can be virtual. An inexact rule based on practical experience states that if any function in the class is virtual, the destructor should be as well. As the type of an object at its creation is known at compile time, constructors, and by extension copy constructors, cannot be virtual. Nonetheless, a situation may arise where a copy of an object needs to be created when a pointer to a derived object is passed as a pointer to a base object. In such a case, a common solution is to create a (or similar) virtual function that creates and returns a copy of the derived class when called. + A member function can also be made ""pure virtual"" by appending it with after the closing parenthesis and before the semicolon. A class containing a pure virtual function is called an . Objects cannot be created from an abstract class; they can only be derived from. Any derived class inherits the virtual function as pure and must provide a non-pure definition of it (and all other pure virtual functions) before objects of the derived class can be created. A program that attempts to create an object of a class with a pure virtual member function or inherited pure virtual member function is ill-formed. + C++ provides support for , also known as , with the following form: + Since C++20, the keyword is optional for template parameters of lambda expressions: + If the lambda takes no parameters, and no return type or other specifiers are used, the () can be omitted; that is, + The return type of a lambda expression can be automatically inferred, if possible; e.g.: + The list supports the definition of . Such lambda expressions are defined in the standard as for an unnamed . + Exception handling is used to communicate the existence of a runtime problem or error from where it was detected to where the issue can be handled. It permits this to be done in a uniform manner and separately from the main code, while detecting all errors. Should an error occur, an exception is thrown (raised), which is then caught by the nearest suitable exception handler. The exception causes the current scope to be exited, and also each outer scope (propagation) until a suitable handler is found, calling in turn the destructors of any objects in these exited scopes. At the same time, an exception is presented as an object carrying the data about the detected problem. + Some C++ style guides, such as Google's, LLVM's, and Qt's, forbid the usage of exceptions. + The exception-causing code is placed inside a block. The exceptions are handled in separate blocks (the handlers); each block can have multiple exception handlers, as it is visible in the example below. + It is also possible to raise exceptions purposefully, using the keyword; these exceptions are handled in the usual way. In some cases, exceptions cannot be used due to technical reasons. One such example is a critical component of an embedded system, where every operation must be guaranteed to complete within a specified amount of time. This cannot be determined with exceptions as no tools exist to determine the maximum time required for an exception to be handled. + Unlike , in which the handling function is called from the point of failure, exception handling exits the current scope before the catch block is entered, which may be located in the current function or any of the previous function calls currently on the stack. + C++ has enumeration types that are directly inherited from C's and work mostly like these, except that an enumeration is a real type in C++, giving added compile-time checking. Also (as with structs), the C++ keyword is combined with a , so that instead of naming the type , simply name it . This can be simulated in C using a typedef: + also provides a second kind of enumeration, called a . These are type-safe: the enumerators are not implicitly converted to an integer type. Among other things, this allows I/O streaming to be defined for the enumeration type. Another feature of scoped enumerations is that the enumerators do not leak, so usage requires prefixing with the name of the enumeration (e.g., for the first enumerator in the example below), unless a declaration (introduced in ) has been used to bring the enumerators into the current scope. A scoped enumeration is specified by the phrase (or ). For example: + The of an enumeration is an implementation-defined integral type that is large enough to hold all enumerated values; it does not have to be the smallest possible type. The underlying type can be specified directly, which allows ""forward declarations"" of enumerations: + The C++ consists of two parts: the core language and the standard library. C++ programmers expect the latter on every major implementation of C++; it includes aggregate types ( , lists, maps, sets, queues, stacks, arrays, tuples), (find, , , random_shuffle, etc.), input/output facilities ( , for reading from and writing to the console and files), filesystem library, localisation support, for automatic memory management, support, library, atomics support (allowing a variable to be read or written to by at most one thread at a time without any external synchronisation), time utilities (measurement, getting current time, etc.), a system for converting error reporting that does not use C++ into C++ exceptions, a , and a slightly modified version of the (to make it comply with the C++ type system). + A large part of the C++ library is based on the (STL). Useful tools provided by the STL include as the collections of objects (such as and ), that provide array-like access to containers, and that perform operations such as searching and sorting. + Furthermore, (multi)maps ( ) and (multi)sets are provided, all of which export compatible interfaces. Therefore, using templates it is possible to write generic algorithms that work with any container or on any sequence defined by iterators. As in C, the of the are accessed by using the to include a . The provides 105 standard headers, of which 27 are deprecated. + The standard incorporates the STL that was originally designed by , who experimented with generic algorithms and containers for many years. When he started with C++, he finally found a language where it was possible to create generic algorithms (e.g., STL sort) that perform even better than, for example, the C standard library qsort, thanks to C++ features like using inlining and compile-time binding instead of function pointers. The standard does not refer to it as ""STL"", as it is merely a part of the standard library, but the term is still widely used to distinguish it from the rest of the standard library (input/output streams, internationalization, diagnostics, the C library subset, etc.). + Most C++ compilers, and all major ones, provide a standards-conforming implementation of the C++ standard library. + The C++ Core Guidelines are an initiative led by Bjarne Stroustrup, the inventor of C++, and Herb Sutter, the convener and chair of the C++ ISO Working Group, to help programmers write 'Modern C++' by using best practices for the language standards C++11 and newer, and to help developers of compilers and static checking tools to create rules for catching bad programming practices. + The main aim is to efficiently and consistently write type and resource safe C++. + The Core Guidelines were announced in the opening keynote at CPPCon 2015. + The Guidelines are accompanied by the Guideline Support Library (GSL), a header only library of types and functions to implement the Core Guidelines and static checker tools for enforcing Guideline rules. + To give compiler vendors greater freedom, the C++ standards committee decided not to dictate the implementation of , , and other implementation-specific features. The downside of this decision is that produced by different is expected to be incompatible. There are, however, attempts to standardize compilers for particular machines or . For example, the Itanium C++ ABI is processor-independent (despite its name) and is implemented by GCC and Clang. + C++ is often considered to be a superset of but this is not strictly true. Most C code can easily be made to compile correctly in C++ but there are a few differences that cause some valid C code to be invalid or behave differently in C++. For example, C allows implicit conversion from to other pointer types but C++ does not (for type safety reasons). Also, C++ defines many new keywords, such as and , which may be used as identifiers (for example, variable names) in a C program. + Some incompatibilities have been removed by the 1999 revision of the C standard ( ), which now supports C++ features such as line comments ( ) and declarations mixed with code. On the other hand, C99 introduced a number of new features that C++ did not support that were incompatible or redundant in C++, such as , native complex-number types (however, the class in the C++ standard library provides similar functionality, although not code-compatible), designated initializers, , and the keyword. Some of the C99-introduced features were included in the subsequent version of the C++ standard, (out of those which were not redundant). However, the C++11 standard introduces new incompatibilities, such as disallowing assignment of a string literal to a character pointer, which remains valid C. + To intermix C and C++ code, any function declaration or definition that is to be called from/used both in C and C++ must be declared with C linkage by placing it within an block. Such a function may not rely on features depending on (i.e., function overloading). + Despite its widespread adoption, some notable programmers have criticized the C++ language, including , , , , and . + +One of the most often criticised points of C++ is its perceived complexity as a language, with the criticism that a large number of non-orthogonal features in practice necessitates restricting code to a subset of C++, thus eschewing the readability benefits of common style and idioms. As expressed by : I think C++ was pushed well beyond its complexity threshold, and yet there are a lot of people programming it. But what you do is you force people to subset it. So almost every shop that I know of that uses C++ says, ""Yes, we're using C++ but we're not doing multiple-implementation inheritance and we're not using operator overloading."" There are just a bunch of features that you're not going to use because the complexity of the resulting code is too high. And I don't think it's good when you have to start doing that. You lose this programmer portability where everyone can read everyone else's code, which I think is such a good thing. (1993, commenting on pre-standardized C++), who said of that ""to think of programming in C++"" ""would make him physically ill"": The problem that I have with them today is that... C++ is too complicated. At the moment, it's impossible for me to write portable code that I believe would work on lots of different systems, unless I avoid all exotic features. Whenever the C++ language designers had two competing ideas as to how they should solve some problem, they said ""OK, we'll do them both"". So the language is too baroque for my taste. , who was a colleague of Stroustrup at Bell Labs, gives his assessment: It certainly has its good points. But by and large I think it's a bad language. It does a lot of things half well and it's just a garbage heap of ideas that are mutually exclusive. Everybody I know, whether it's personal or corporate, selects a subset and these subsets are different. So it's not a good language to transport an algorithm—to say, ""I wrote it; here, take it."" It's way too big, way too complex. And it's obviously . +Stroustrup campaigned for years and years and years, way beyond any sort of technical contributions he made to the language, to get it adopted and used. And he sort of ran all the standards committees with a whip and a chair. And he said ""no"" to no one. He put every feature in that language that ever existed. It wasn't cleanly designed—it was just the union of everything that came along. And I think it suffered drastically from that. +However , also a colleague at Bell Labs, disputes this assessment: C++ has been enormously influential. ... Lots of people say C++ is too big and too complicated etc. etc. but in fact it is a very powerful language and pretty much everything that is in there is there for a really sound reason: it is not somebody doing random invention, it is actually people trying to solve real world problems. Now a lot of the programs that we take for granted today, that we just use, are C++ programs. Stroustrup himself comments that C++ semantics are much cleaner than its syntax: ""within C++, there is a much smaller and cleaner language struggling to get out."" + Other complaints may include a lack of or , long compilation times, perceived , and verbose error messages, particularly from template metaprogramming.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ISO_C%2B%2B_Logo.svg/120px-ISO_C%2B%2B_Logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BjarneStroustrup.jpg/220px-BjarneStroustrup.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/20160121_CppFRUG_Joel_Falcou_CppQuiz_3.jpg/220px-20160121_CppFRUG_Joel_Falcou_CppQuiz_3.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/C%2B%2B_Standards_Committee_meeting_-_July_1996_Stockholm_-_Wednesday_general_session.jpg/220px-C%2B%2B_Standards_Committee_meeting_-_July_1996_Stockholm_-_Wednesday_general_session.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ANSI_ISO_C%2B%2B_WP.jpg/220px-ANSI_ISO_C%2B%2B_WP.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/24px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B
+en.wikipedia.org,C Sharp (programming language) - Wikipedia,"( ) is a supporting multiple . C# encompasses static typing, , , , , , , ( -based), and programming disciplines. + The C# programming language was designed by from in 2000 and was later approved as an by (ECMA-334) in 2002 and / (ISO/IEC 23270 and 20619 ) in 2003. Microsoft introduced C# along with and , both of which were . At the time, Microsoft had no open-source products. Four years later, in 2004, a project called began, providing a and for the C# programming language. A decade later, Microsoft released (code editor), (compiler), and (software framework), all of which support C# and are free, open-source, and cross-platform. Mono also joined Microsoft but was not merged into .NET. + As of November 2023, the most recent stable version of the language is C# 12.0, which was released in 2023 in .NET 8.0. + The Ecma standard lists these design goals for C#: + During the development of the , the were originally written using a compiler system named (SMC). In January 1999, formed a team to build a new language at the time called Cool, which stood for "" Object Oriented Language"". Microsoft had considered keeping the name ""Cool"" as the final name of the language, but chose not to do so for trademark reasons. By the time the .NET project was publicly announced at the July 2000 , the language had been renamed C#, and the class libraries and runtime had been ported to C#. + Hejlsberg is C#'s principal designer and lead architect at Microsoft, and was previously involved with the design of , (formerly Delphi, Delphi and Delphi), and . In interviews and technical papers, he has stated that flaws in most major programming languages (e.g. , , , and ) drove the fundamentals of the (CLR), which, in turn, drove the design of the C# language. + , who created the programming language in 1994, and , a co-founder of , the originator of Java, called C# an ""imitation"" of Java; Gosling further said that ""[C# is] sort of Java with reliability, productivity and security deleted."" +In July 2000, Hejlsberg said that C# is ""not a Java clone"" and is ""much closer to C++"" in its design. + Since the release of C# 2.0 in November 2005, the C# and Java languages have evolved on increasingly divergent trajectories, becoming two quite different languages. One of the first major departures came with the addition of to both languages, with vastly different implementations. C# makes use of to provide ""first-class"" generic objects that can be used like any other class, with performed at class-load time. +Furthermore, C# has added several major features to accommodate functional-style programming, culminating in the extensions released with C# 3.0 and its supporting framework of , , and . These features enable C# programmers to use functional programming techniques, such as , when it is advantageous to their application. The LINQ extensions and the functional imports help developers reduce the amount of that is included in common tasks like querying a database, parsing an xml file, or searching through a data structure, shifting the emphasis onto the actual program logic to help improve readability and maintainability. + C# used to have a called Andy (named after ). It was retired on January 29, 2004. + C# was originally submitted to the ISO/IEC JTC 1 subcommittee for review, under ISO/IEC 23270:2003, was withdrawn and was then approved under ISO/IEC 23270:2006. The 23270:2006 is withdrawn under 23270:2018 and approved with this version. + Microsoft first used the name C# in 1988 for a variant of the C language designed for incremental compilation. That project was not completed, and the name was later reused. + The name ""C sharp"" was inspired by the musical notation whereby a indicates that the written note should be made a higher in . +This is similar to the language name of , where ""++"" indicates that a variable should be incremented by 1 after being evaluated. The sharp symbol also resembles a of four ""+"" symbols (in a two-by-two grid), further implying that the language is an increment of C++. + Due to technical limitations of display (standard fonts, browsers, etc.) and the fact that the sharp symbol ( ( )) is not present on most , the ( ( )) was chosen to approximate the sharp symbol in the written name of the programming language. +This convention is reflected in the ECMA-334 C# Language Specification. + The ""sharp"" suffix has been used by a number of other .NET languages that are variants of existing languages, including (a .NET language also designed by Microsoft that is derived from Java 1.1), (from ), and the language . The original implementation of was called Eiffel#, a name retired since the full language is now supported. The suffix has also been used for , such as (a .NET for and other libraries) and (a wrapper for ). + The core syntax of the C# language is similar to that of other C-style languages such as C, C++ and Java, particularly: + Some notable features of C# that distinguish it from C, C++, and Java where noted, are: + By design, C# is the programming language that most directly reflects the underlying (CLI). Most of its intrinsic types correspond to value-types implemented by the CLI framework. However, the language specification does not state the code generation requirements of the compiler: that is, it does not state that a C# compiler must target a Common Language Runtime, or generate (CIL), or generate any other specific format. Some C# compilers can also generate machine code like traditional compilers of C++ or . + C# supports strongly, implicitly typed variable declarations with the keyword , and implicitly typed arrays with the keyword followed by a collection initializer. + Its type system is split into two families: Value types, like the built-in numeric types and user-defined structs, which are automatically handed over as copies when used as parameters, and reference types, including arrays, instances of classes, and strings, which only hand over a pointer to the respective object. Due to their special handling of the equality operator, strings will nevertheless behave as if they were values, for all practical purposes. You can even use them as labels. Where necessary, value types will be automatically. + C# supports a strict , . Statements that take conditions, such as and , require an expression of a type that implements the operator, such as the Boolean type. While C++ also has a Boolean type, it can be freely converted to and from integers, and expressions such as require only that is convertible to bool, allowing to be an int, or a pointer. C# disallows this ""integer meaning true or false"" approach, on the grounds that forcing programmers to use expressions that return exactly can prevent certain types of programming mistakes such as (use of assignment instead of equality ). + C# is more than C++. The only by default are those that are considered safe, such as widening of integers. This is enforced at compile-time, during , and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions occur between Booleans and integers, nor between enumeration members and integers (except for literal 0, which can be implicitly converted to any enumerated type). Any user-defined conversion must be explicitly marked as explicit or implicit, unlike C++ and conversion operators, which are both implicit by default. + C# has explicit support for in generic types, unlike C++ which has some degree of support for contravariance simply through the semantics of return types on virtual methods. + members are placed in their own . + The C# language does not allow for global variables or functions. All methods and members must be declared within classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global variables and functions. + Local variables cannot variables of the enclosing block, unlike C and C++. + can be achieved in several ways: + A in C# is a member of a class that can be invoked as a function (a sequence of instructions), rather than the mere value-holding capability of a (i.e. or ). As in other syntactically similar languages, such as C++ and , the signature of a method is a declaration comprising in order: any optional accessibility keywords (such as ), the explicit specification of its return type (such as , or the keyword if no value is returned), the name of the method, and finally, a parenthesized sequence of comma-separated parameter specifications, each consisting of a parameter's type, its formal name and optionally, a default value to be used whenever none is provided. Different from most other languages, parameters have to be marked both at the function definition and at the calling site, and you can choose between and , the latter allowing handing over an uninitialized variable which will have a definite value on return. Additionally, you can specify a by applying the keyword to the last parameter. Certain specific kinds of methods, such as those that simply get or set a field's value by returning or assigning it, do not require an explicitly stated full signature, but in the general case, the definition of a class includes the full signature declaration of its methods. + Like C++, and unlike Java, C# programmers must use the scope modifier keyword to allow methods to be by subclasses. Unlike C++, you have to explicitly specify the keyword when doing so. This is supposed to avoid confusion between overriding and newly overloading a function (i.e. hiding the former implementation). To do the latter, you have to specify the keyword. + in C# allow programmers to use static methods as if they were methods from a class's method table, allowing programmers to virtually add instance methods to a class that they feel should exist on that kind of objects (and instances of the respective derived classes). + The type allows for run-time method binding, allowing for JavaScript-like method calls and run-time . + C# has support for strongly-typed via the keyword . Like the Qt framework's pseudo-C++ and , C# has semantics specifically surrounding publish-subscribe style events, though C# uses delegates to do so. + C# offers Java-like method calls, via the attribute , and has support for via the keyword . + C# supports classes with . The properties can be simple accessor functions with a backing field, or implement arbitrary getter and setter functions. A property is read-only if there's no setter. Like with fields, there can be class and instance properties. The underlying methods can be or like any other method. + Since C# 3.0 the of auto-implemented properties is available, where the encapsulate operations on a single of a class. + A C# provides the same level of code isolation as a Java or a C++ , with very similar rules and features to a . Namespaces can be imported with the ""using"" syntax. + In C#, memory address pointers can only be used within blocks specifically marked as , and programs with unsafe code need appropriate permissions to run. Most object access is done through safe object references, which always either point to a ""live"" object or have the well-defined value; it is impossible to obtain a reference to a ""dead"" object (one that has been garbage collected), or to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer can point to an instance of an unmanaged value type that does not contain any references to objects subject to garbage collections such as class instances, arrays or strings. Code that is not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through the type, but it cannot dereference them. + Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically garbage collected. Garbage collection addresses the problem of by freeing the programmer of responsibility for releasing memory that is no longer needed in most cases. Code that retains references to objects longer than is required can still experience higher memory usage than necessary, however once the final reference to an object is released the memory is available for garbage collection. + A range of standard exceptions are available to programmers. Methods in standard libraries regularly throw system exceptions in some circumstances and the range of exceptions thrown is normally documented. Custom exception classes can be defined for classes allowing handling to be put in place for particular circumstances as needed. + are not present in C# (in contrast to Java). This has been a conscious decision based on the issues of scalability and versionability. + Unlike , C# does not support , although a class can implement any number of "" "" (fully abstract classes). This was a design decision by the language's lead architect to avoid complications and to simplify architectural requirements throughout CLI. + When implementing multiple interfaces that contain a method with the same name and taking parameters of the same type in the same order (i.e. the same ), similar to , C# allows both a single method to cover all interfaces and if necessary specific methods for each interface. + However, unlike Java, C# supports . + C# also offers (a.k.a. ad-hoc-polymorphism). + Since version 2.0, C# offers , i.e. classes with arbitrary or constrained type parameters, e.g. , a variable-sized array which only can contain elements of type . There are certain kinds of constraints you can specify for the type parameters: Has to be type X ( ), has to implement a certain interface, has to be a reference type, has to be a value type, has to implement a public parameterless . Most of them can be combined, and you can specify any number of interfaces. + C# has the ability to utilize through the .NET Framework. A developer can query a variety of data sources, provided the interface is implemented on the object. This includes XML documents, an dataset, and SQL databases. + Using LINQ in C# brings advantages like support, strong filtering capabilities, type safety with compile error checking ability, and consistency for querying data over a variety of sources. There are several different language structures that can be utilized with C# and LINQ and they are query expressions, lambda expressions, anonymous types, implicitly typed variables, extension methods, and object initializers. + LINQ has two syntaxes: query syntax and method syntax. However, the compiler always converts the query syntax to method syntax at compile time. + Though primarily an imperative language, C# always adds functional features over time, for example: + C# has a . This unified type system is called (CTS). + A unified type system implies that all types, including primitives such as integers, are subclasses of the class. For example, every type inherits a method. + CTS separates data types into two categories: + Instances of value types neither have referential identity nor referential comparison semantics. Equality and inequality comparisons for value types compare the actual data values within the instances, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded. Value types are derived from , always have a default value, and can always be created and copied. Some other limitations on value types are that they cannot derive from each other (but can implement interfaces) and cannot have an explicit default (parameterless) constructor because they already have an implicit one which initializes all contained data to the type-dependent default value (0, null, or alike). Examples of value types are all primitive types, such as (a signed 32-bit integer), (a 32-bit IEEE floating-point number), (a 16-bit Unicode code unit), (fixed-point numbers useful for handling currency amounts), and (identifies a specific point in time with nanosecond precision). Other examples are (enumerations) and (user defined structures). + In contrast, reference types have the notion of referential identity, meaning that each instance of a reference type is inherently distinct from every other instance, even if the data within both instances is the same. This is reflected in default equality and inequality comparisons for reference types, which test for referential rather than structural equality, unless the corresponding operators are overloaded (such as the case for ). Some operations are not always possible, such as creating an instance of a reference type, copying an existing instance, or performing a value comparison on two existing instances. Though specific reference types can provide such services by exposing a public constructor or implementing a corresponding interface (such as or ). Examples of reference types are (the ultimate base class for all other C# classes), (a string of Unicode characters), and (a base class for all C# arrays). + Both type categories are extensible with user-defined types. + is the operation of converting a value-type object into a value of a corresponding reference type. Boxing in C# is implicit. + is the operation of converting a value of a reference type (previously boxed) into a value of a value type. Unboxing in C# requires an explicit . A boxed object of type T can only be unboxed to a T (or a nullable T). + Example: + The C# specification details a minimum set of types and class libraries that the compiler expects to have available. In practice, C# is most often used with some implementation of the (CLI), which is standardized as ECMA-335 . + In addition to the standard CLI specifications, there are many commercial and community class libraries that build on top of the .NET framework libraries to provide additional functionality. + C# can make calls to any library included in the . + The following is a very simple C# program, a version of the classic "" "" example using the feature introduced in C# 9: + For code written as C# 8 or lower, the entry point logic of a program must be written in a Main method inside a type: + This code will display this text in the console window: + Each line has a purpose: + The above line imports all types in the namespace. For example, the class used later in the source code is defined in the namespace, meaning it can be used without supplying the full name of the type (which includes the namespace). + This line is a comment; it describes and documents the code for the programmer(s). +Above is a definition for the class. Everything that follows between the pair of braces describes that class. The curly brackets demarcate the boundaries of a code block. In this first instance, they are marking the start and end of the class. This declares the class member method where the program begins execution. The .NET runtime calls the method. Unlike in , the method does not need the keyword, which tells the compiler that the method can be called from anywhere by any class. Writing is equivalent to writing . The makes the method accessible without an instance of . Each console application's entry point must be declared otherwise the program would require an instance of , but any instance would require a program. To avoid that irresolvable , C# compilers processing (like that above) report an error if there is no method. The keyword declares that has no . (Note, however, that short programs can be written using introduced in C# 9, as mentioned earlier.) + This line writes the output. is a static class in the namespace. It provides an interface to the standard input, output, and error streams for console applications. The program calls the method , which displays on the console a line with the argument, the string . + With .NET 2.0 and C# 2.0, the community requested more flexible collections than those in .NET 1.x. In the absence of generics, developers had to use collections such as ArrayList to store elements as objects, which incurred performance overhead when boxing/unboxing operations. + Generics introduced a massive new feature in .NET that allowed developers to create type-safe data structures. This shift is particularly important in the context of converting legacy systems, where updating to generics can significantly enhance performance and maintainability by replacing outdated data structures with more efficient, type-safe alternatives. + + The main advantage of generics is improved type safety. Generics impose compile-time type checking, requiring that only the correct type of data is used with the generic classes or methods. + Generics perform better because there is no boxing and unboxing involved when working with value types. In non-generic collections such as ArrayList value types are treated as objects meaning they should be boxed (converted out of a value type to an object type) when put into the collection along with unboxed (converted to the value type) when retrieved. This operation is computationally expensive. As generics typically have the type known at compile time, no boxing is required since operations are type-specific and thus much faster. + Generics make code much easier to reuse. By type parameters, a single generic class, method, interface or delegate might have any number of data types. This enables developers to design a type – independent function or data structure without worrying about overloading methods or creating multiple variants of the same class for different types. This not just makes the codebase easier but also causes it to be simpler to keep less code and also increases applicability. + + A Windows example: + This example is similar to the previous example, except that it generates a that contains the message ""Hello, World!"" instead of writing it to the console. + +Another useful library is the library, which is used to programmatically draw images. For example: This will create an image that is identical to that stored in ""Image.png"". + In August 2001, , and co-sponsored the submission of specifications for C# as well as the to the standards organization . In December 2001, ECMA released ECMA-334 . C# became an / standard in 2003 (ISO/IEC 23270:2003 - ). ECMA had previously adopted equivalent specifications as the 2nd edition of C#, in December 2002. In June 2005, ECMA approved edition 3 of the C# specification, and updated ECMA-334. Additions included partial classes, anonymous methods, nullable types, and (somewhat similar to C++ ). In July 2005, ECMA submitted to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22, via the latter's Fast-Track process, the standards and related TRs. This process usually takes 6–9 months. + The C# language definition and the are standardized under / and standards that provide protection from patent claims. + Microsoft initially agreed not to sue open-source developers for violating patents in non-profit projects for the part of the framework that is covered by the . Microsoft has also agreed not to enforce patents relating to products against Novell's paying customers with the exception of a list of products that do not explicitly mention C#, .NET or Novell's implementation of .NET ( ). However, Novell maintained that Mono does not infringe any Microsoft patents. Microsoft also made a specific agreement not to enforce patent rights related to the , which depends on Mono, provided it is obtained through Novell. + A decade later, Microsoft began developing free, open-source, and cross-platform tooling for C#, namely , , and . Mono joined Microsoft as a project of , a Microsoft subsidiary. + Microsoft is leading the development of the reference C# compilers and set of tools. The first compiler, , compiles into intermediate language (IL), and the second one, RyuJIT, is a JIT (just-in-time) compiler, which is dynamic and does on-the-fly optimization and compiles the IL into native code for the front-end of the CPU. RyuJIT is open source and written in C++. Roslyn is entirely written in (C#), has been opened up and functionality surfaced as APIs. It is thus enabling developers to create refactoring and diagnostics tools. Two branches of official implementation are .NET Framework (closed-source, Windows-only) and .NET Core (open-source, cross-platform); they eventually converged into one open-source implementation: .NET 5.0. At .NET Framework 4.6, a new JIT compiler replaced the former. + Other C# compilers (some of which include an implementation of the and .NET class libraries): + The uses C# as its primary scripting language. The has implemented an optional C# module thanks to a donation of $24,000 from Microsoft.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg/128px-C_Sharp_Logo_2023.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Treblecsharp5.svg/100px-Treblecsharp5.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/24px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ecma_International_Logo.svg/100px-Ecma_International_Logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)
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Databases & DBA Interview Questions
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+www.c-sharpcorner.com,"
Android Interview Questions
+",,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/c5defc20200730113051.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/748a4b20190114105448.jpeg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/DefaultAuthorImage.gif.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/16b96f20170104053250.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/16b96f20170104053250.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/manishkdwivedi20190902113258.png.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/CSharp/ajax-loader-small.gif,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/interview-questions-by-technology/android-programming
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,"
C# Interview Questions
+",,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/9acfd420230310024110.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/0071da20230429024907.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/ef511d20230427014721.png.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/0ce91b20230707025149.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/4537a320230112071009.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/4537a320230112071009.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/4537a320230112071009.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/4537a320230112071009.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/1ef55c20221129074536.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/d6093d20200917101551.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/muhammad.imran20160414071936.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/77375f20220109064255.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/d6093d20200917101551.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/d6093d20200917101551.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/CSharp/ajax-loader-small.gif,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/interview-questions-by-technology/csharp-programming
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,"
C# Corner - Community of Software and Data Developers
+",,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/icon-fire.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/images/live/live-icon.png|https://i.ytimg.com/vi/w3xi9O871BU/mqdefault.jpg|https://i.ytimg.com/vi/pOk8RgjQu1s/mqdefault.jpg|https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8I3DYfd_D6s/mqdefault.jpg|https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7i5i2fltKnw/mqdefault.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/062632AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/csharp-programming_110028775.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/azure_050104261.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/azure_050104261.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/062632AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/015510AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/solana_113427599.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/solana_113427599.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/blockchain_094448269.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/internet-and-web_025227006.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/azure_050104261.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/azure_050104261.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/tools_014328611.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/azure_050104261.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/071859AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/azure_050104261.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/csharp-programming_110028775.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/mahesh20160308020632.png.ashx?height=56&width=56|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/09925520170214015947.jpg.ashx?height=56&width=56|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/bd872c20230530023234.jpg.ashx?height=56&width=56|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/docluv20170726121246.jpg.ashx?height=56&width=56|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/de2f0120180206101000.jpg.ashx?height=56&width=56,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com
+en.wikipedia.org,Andrei Alexandrescu - Wikipedia,"(born 1969) is a and and author. He is particularly known for his pioneering work on implemented via . These ideas are articulated in his book and were first implemented in his programming library, . He also implemented the "" "" concept in his MOJO library. He contributed to the under the ""Generic<Programming>"". + He became an American citizen in August 2014. + Alexandrescu received a degree in Electrical Engineering from ( ) in July 1994. + His first article was published in the in September 1998. He was a program manager for from April 1999 until February 2000. When the company was acquired by , he served there as a development manager from February 2000 through September 2001. + Alexandrescu earned a (2003) and a (2009) in from the . + In 2006 Alexandrescu began assisting on the development of the D programming language. He released a book titled in May 2010. + From 2010 to 2014, Alexandrescu, , and ran a small annual technical conference called . + Alexandrescu worked as a research scientist at for over 5 years, before departing the company in August 2015 in order to focus on developing the programming language. + In January 2022, Alexandrescu began working at as a Principal Research Scientist. + is a class for which is on the C++ Standards track. Alexandrescu proposes as a class for use as a return value which contains either a T or the exception preventing its creation, which is an improvement over use of either return codes or exceptions exclusively. Expected can be thought of as a restriction of sum (union) types or algebraic datatypes in various languages, e.g., , or the more recent and ; or of the error handling mechanism of Google's , or the type in . + He explains the benefits of as: + For example, instead of any of the following common function prototypes: + + or + + he proposes the following: + + From 2000 onwards, Alexandrescu has advocated and popularized the scope guard idiom. He has introduced it as a language construct in D. It has been implemented by others in many other languages.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/AndreiAlexandrescu.jpg/220px-AndreiAlexandrescu.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Alexandrescu
+en.wikipedia.org,Herb Sutter - Wikipedia,"is a prominent expert. He is also an author of several books on C++ and was a columnist for . + Sutter was born and raised in , and studied computer science at Canada's . + From 1995 to 2001 he was chief technology officer at PeerDirect where he designed the PeerDirect database replication engine. + He joined in 2002 as a platform for , rising to lead for . In recent years Sutter was lead designer for and . + Sutter has served as the chair of the ISO C++ standards committee since 2002. + In 2005, Sutter published an article titled ""The Free Lunch Is Over"" that claimed that serial-processing speed was reaching a physical limit leading to two main consequences: + The article is seen as highly influential in subsequent system design.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_7.jpg/220px-Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_7.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Sutter
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with example C Sharp code - Wikipedia,"The following 63 pages are in this category, out of 63 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_example_C_Sharp_code
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,"
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+",,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/bac19d20240309075907.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/bac19d20240309075907.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/bdd7fc20230131073901.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/muhammad.imran20160414071936.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/f6b7f220231103100020.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/dfdeb820200524105315.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/09935e20190214054714.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/DefaultAuthorImage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/9b603520181024070026.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/9acfd420230310024110.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/c3409420230217063616.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/7129db20211112045828.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/u2302720180305115508.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/6919df20160502033146.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/6919df20160502033146.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/CSharp/ajax-loader-small.gif,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/interview-questions-by-technology/asp-dot-net-programming
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,"
ADO.NET Interview Questions
+",,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/dcbf2d20220929101201.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/63e27120161222024153.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/srbhogayta20240404120900.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/srbhogayta20240404120900.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/0e3dbd20160405011125.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/0e3dbd20160405011125.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/0e3dbd20160405011125.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/23504820161015110102.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/srbhogayta20240404120900.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/srbhogayta20240404120900.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/srbhogayta20240404120900.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/srbhogayta20240404120900.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/srbhogayta20240404120900.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/srbhogayta20240404120900.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/CSharp/ajax-loader-small.gif,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/interview-questions-by-technology/ado-dot-net
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Year of birth missing (living people) - Wikipedia,"This category is appended to article pages of living individuals whose year of birth is not indicated. It must appear in all such articles alongside , although it is a subcategory of and cannot be used instead of that category or serve as a combination of both categories. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 154,261 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,"
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+",,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/muhammad.imran20160414071936.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/muhammad.imran20160414071936.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/66a9f920240311044208.png.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/7ytdr36720240315111912.png.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/muhammad.imran20160414071936.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/67df2720180612064635.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/6d64de20221209082012.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/muhammad.imran20160414071936.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/ef511d20230427014721.png.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/muhammad.imran20160414071936.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/0bdd0120230915115015.png.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/bac19d20240309075907.jpg.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/ef511d20230427014721.png.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/ef511d20230427014721.png.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/ef511d20230427014721.png.ashx?width=50&height=50|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/CSharp/ajax-loader-small.gif,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/interview-questions-by-technology/dot_net_2015
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 87,939 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia
+en.wikipedia.org,Abdel Jabbar Adwan - Wikipedia,"is a writer and novelist. He worked in the field of media and communications and used to write a weekly article in He also wrote a weekly article for the Lebanese newspaper. He was a consultant on Middle Eastern affairs during for a number of European TV channels. He was one of the founders of the "" ,"" and he was elected twice for its presidency in the Britain branch. + Adwan published three books: Anyabul Kharuf (The Sheep's Fangs), Ash-Shuhada' (The Martyrs), and Thamanul Istiqlal (The Price of Independence). He was several novels, including Siyasatun Fil Janna (Politics in Paradise), which was banned in some Arab countries, and it was nominated by Dar Al-Farabi publishing for the – also known as the Poker Prize. His novel Rawi Córdoba (The Storyteller of Córdoba) got the tenth nomination in the International Prize for Arabic Fiction last year. His novel Bumat Barbara (The Owl of Barbara) - published by Dar Al-Farabi Publishing – is a novel based on real events talking about life in the author's village, the Palestinian village of , which was depopulated and destroyed during the . His fourth novel, published in 2013, Fitnatul Kursi (The Seduction of The chair), which was described by the author as ""a novel whose events take place in the pre-Islamic and post-Islamic eras, and its geography spreads across the whole world."" His fifth novel Ḥaffatul Nur (The Edge of Light), and it is a novel in three parts. The first part takes place during 5000 B.C. He also has a novel titled Shaʿabul Jabbarin (Strong People) where he discusses Arabic and Palestinian causes and issues, starting before the and during the second Gulf War, and their relation to the co-existing solution to the Palestinian Cause, resulting from the and the events following that, especially 9/11.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Jabbar_Adwan
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,Concurrent Dictionary for String Comparison in .NET Core,"In .NET Core, the `ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue>` class provides a thread-safe collection for storing key-value pairs, making it suitable for concurrent operations in multi-threaded environments. When it comes to comparing two strings concurrently, we can leverage ConcurrentDictionary along with appropriate methods to achieve efficient In .NET Core, the ConcurrentDictionary class provides a thread-safe collection for storing key-value pairs, making it suitable for concurrent operations in multi-threaded environments. When it comes to comparing two strings concurrently, we can leverage ConcurrentDictionary along with appropriate methods to achieve efficient and thread-safe comparison operations. In this article, we'll explore how to use ConcurrentDictionary for comparing two strings concurrently in .NET Core, with the added functionality of reading the strings from the console. Now, let's implement the string comparison using ConcurrentDictionary. Open the Program.cs file in your text editor and update it as follows. In the code user needs to enter the below data. In this article, we explored how to use ConcurrentDictionary to compare two strings concurrently in .NET Core. By leveraging ConcurrentDictionary, along with asynchronous programming techniques, we can efficiently compare strings in a thread-safe manner, making it suitable for multi-threaded scenarios. This approach ensures that string comparison operations are performed concurrently without the risk of data corruption or race conditions, enhancing the performance and scalability of our applications. Additionally, by dynamically inputting the strings from the console, we provide flexibility and interactivity to our users. 😊Please consider liking and following me for more articles and if you find this content helpful.👍 An In-Depth Guide to C# Generics in .NET 6, .NET 7, and .NET 8 with 70+ Code Samples",https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/062632AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/cd47be20231010033636.jpg.ashx?width=98&height=98|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/EBooks/01082024095055AM/03132024121935PMCsharp.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorCompanyImage/cd47be20240117033800.png.ashx?height=80&width=80,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/concurrent-dictionary-for-string-comparison-in-net-core/
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories tracking Wikidata differences - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 239 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_tracking_Wikidata_differences
+www.c-sharpcorner.com, ,,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/InterestImages/icon-eye.png,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/login?returnurl=/interview-questions-by-technology/ios
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC - Wikipedia,"Categories which use {{ }}, grouped by what CatAutoTOC does on each page: + Templates which transclude {{ }} are categorised in + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 72,698 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CatAutoTOC_generates_standard_Category_TOC
+en.wikipedia.org,15th Lumières Awards - Wikipedia,"The ceremony, presented by the Académie des Lumières, was held on 15 January 2010. The ceremony was presided by . won the award for . + Winners are listed first and highlighted in . + + + + + & — + — + — + + — + —",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Lumi%C3%A8res_Awards
+www.c-sharpcorner.com, ,,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/InterestImages/icon-eye.png,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/login?returnurl=/interview-questions-by-technology/databases-and-dba
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Template Category TOC via CatAutoTOC on category with 201–300 pages - Wikipedia,"Populated by pages where has been used on a . + + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 14,663 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template_Category_TOC_via_CatAutoTOC_on_category_with_201%E2%80%93300_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:CatAutoTOC tracking categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CatAutoTOC_tracking_categories
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,"
How many security types are available on IIS?
+","1. Anonymous authentication +2. Basic authentication +3. Digest authentication +4. Advanced Digest authentication +5. Integrated Windows authentication +6. Certificate authentication +7. .NET Passport authentication Anonymous Authentication +Basic Authentication +Integrated Windows Authentication +Certificate Authentication",https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/mahesh20160308020632.png.ashx?width=80&height=80|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/84e31a20211207012600.png.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/0c1bb220210111123112.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/mahesh20160308020632.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/mahesh20160308020632.png,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/interview-question/how-many-security-types-are-available-on-iis
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Swimrankings meet ID different from Wikidata - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Swimrankings_meet_ID_different_from_Wikidata
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,What is the difference between int and int32?,"int is the alias name for int32 in C# Difference between int and Int32:int is an alias name for Int32. it is short cut to right System.Int32 in c#. +both can be used in your program. Int16: 2 bytes +Int32 and int: 4 bytes +Int64 : 8 bytes int is a primitive type allowed by the C# compiler, whereas Int32 is the Framework Class Library type (available across languages that abide by CLS). +in c# we write int and in vb.net we write integer int32 allows null values where as int doesnt allow null values int is 64bit and int32 is 32bit int is a primitive data type in c# .net language +System.Int32 refers the base class of int in c# .net +This System.Int32 is base type for all the .net languages such as integer in vb.net and also other all the .net languages +to find out the base type of a data type we use typeof constant +as like below +Console.WriteLine(typeof(int)) +typeof is a constant which will return the base type of the given data type For the Declaration Purpose we used int like int i = 1; but for the conversion purpose we have to use Convert.Int32(); Function because int32 is CTS function. ""int"" is a data type keyword defined by the language, C#. +Int32 is a data type defined by the .NET Common Type System (CTS). System is a base class for int32.int i=10;from the above instead of ""int"" i can write ""system.int32"" where system is a pre defined class.",https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=80&height=80|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/23001720171111021610.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/1b57e220180131042027.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/7181ac20210626082849.png.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/edfc7e20170910030726.png.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/13760520150126084053.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/0bab9920161221075515.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/uploadfile/authorimage/defaultauthorimage.jpg,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/interview-question/what-is-the-difference-between-int-and-int
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC - Wikipedia,"Categories which use {{ }}, grouped by what CatAutoTOC does on each page: + Templates which transclude {{ }} are categorised in + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 72,699 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CatAutoTOC_generates_standard_Category_TOC?from=Gz
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:15th-century English women - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 137 pages are in this category, out of 137 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:15th-century_English_women
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,"
What is difference between $(document).ready(function(){ vs $(function(){ ?
+","What is difference between $(document).ready(function(){ }); vs $(function(){ }); This uses the j-query library to detect when the DOM is ready for JavaScript to execute. Specifically, you are passing in the document object as an argument to the j-query constructor and calling the ready() function on it, which will wait until the ready event fires. + This is an anonymous function that instantaneously runs. The difference is that if you were to put these two lines next to each, whether both will run will depend on where the page state is. Once your code reaches the anonymous function it will run it regardless. Once it hits the j-query snippet, if your page is still loading dependencies, etc. and the ready event isn’t fired then your code in the curly braces will not run until it is. + $(document).ready() is JQuery's ready event handler the function you pass to the ready method is added to the queue of functions that are to be invoked once the document is loaded$(function) is an immediately invoked function Expressions. This function will be invoked as soon as the browser has parsed it, which may or may not be before the document has finished loading Is a Shorthand version of: So technically they are both the . $(function(){ }); is the shortest version of $(document).ready(function(){}) + Not major difference between these two declaration. They used based on weather you use JavaScript then you should use $(document).ready declaration in other case you use jQuery library which is a part of JavaScript then you should use $(function) declaration.",https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/2f59d020151120081054.bmp|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/6c290120200102124006.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/6bc78520190823024209.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/8c19e820200526062819.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/fcfb2720190824083427.jpg.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/a765b620191112101225.png.ashx?width=62&height=62|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/2f59d020151120081054.bmp|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/AuthorImage/2f59d020151120081054.bmp,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/interview-question/what-is-difference-between-documentreadyfunction-vs-function
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:20th-century comedians - Wikipedia,"Comedians active in the 20th century. + This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 273 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:20th-century_comedians
+www.c-sharpcorner.com,"
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Embark on a 10-day journey to master Angular 8 step by step. Day 1 focuses on laying a strong foundation, covering Angular basics, components, and directives, s... Discover the latest features and enhancements in Angular 8.0, from the new Ivy renderer to improved lazy loading strategies. Learn how to seamlessly upgrade you... Learn how to integrate cloud-based databases seamlessly into your web application, harnessing the power of Blazor's dynamic UI and Google Cloud's robust... Create dynamic web applications efficiently using Blazor Server, a .NET Core framework, coupled with Entity Framework Core 3.0 for seamless data integration. Le... In this post, we will see how to create a simple Blazor application with .NET Core 3.0 SDK and default template. We will create a new service and get the C# Cor... Discover the power of combining ADO.NET, EF Core, and Dapper within a single Blazor application. Seamlessly integrate these data access technologies to leverage... Manage Google Calendar events seamlessly in .NET using Google.Apis.Calendar.v3. Retrieve, create, update, and delete events with ease, integrating Google Calend... In this article, we will Create dynamic line graphs in HTML5 using the Canvas element. Utilize JavaScript to draw and manipulate data points, allowing for inter... Migrating VMware workloads to the cloud can be a complex but rewarding process. This article explores the benefits, challenges, and steps involved in migrating ... Learn best practices for developing ASP.NET Core REST APIs using OpenAPI. Follow Ziggy Rafiq's expert guidance to streamline your API development process an... Learn the fundamentals of Docker and Kubernetes, including auto-scaling. Follow a detailed guide to implement a Weather Forecast API using .NET Core 6 Web API, ... In this article, we will focus on how to get started Azure ML Notebook. Moreover, we will discuss why we use Azure ML services with a simple demo. RabbitMQ service bus facilitates communication between distributed systems via message queues. It employs AMQP, managing message delivery, routing, and scaling,... In this article I am going to cover some really interesting material that is very useful today in web application development. You will learn how to make jQuery... In this article we will learn the purpose of HTML helpers in MVC. A HTML helper is a special type of method used to render HTML content in a view. Multithreading allows a program to run multiple threads concurrently. This article explains how multithreading works in .NET. This article covers the entire ran... Explore the built-in SQL Server Data Collection tool for system monitoring. Learn setup steps for Management Data Warehouse, access control via roles, and monit... SQL Server Vulnerability Assessment (VA) in SQL Server Management Studio 17.4 or later lets SQL Server scan your databases for potential security vulnerabilitie... In this article, we will see what Azure DevOps Pipeline is and how to implement Continuous Integration using Azure DevOps for a .NET project. Explore Visual Studio 2017's comprehensive IDE with enhanced features for efficient software development. Discover updates in debugging, coding, and collabo... Explore asynchronous event invocation in C#, addressing threading challenges with event handlers. Learn about the synchronous nature of events, concurrency iss... Explore the intricacies of merging Git branches and initiating pull requests in this comprehensive guide. Learn how to manage version control effectively, colla... Git branch is nothing but the copy of source code. So, that way a developer can easily find the source code, by whom it was written, and using what language an... In this article, we will learn how to initialize a Git repository and push the changes to GitHub. Also, we will learn how to add multiple files to a staging are... Configuring Git involves setting preferences like user information, default text editor, and merging tool. Create or clone repositories, add remotes, commit cha... We will discuss the steps to ignore files without committing to Git or GitHub and how to use the .gitignore file. Explore detailed steps to exclude specific fil...",https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/blazor_053212805.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/Asp-Net-core_025110633.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/mongodb_060042438.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/031935AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/055741AM.PNG|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/041731AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/internet-of-things_025254510.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/azure_050104261.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/Asp-Net-core_025110633.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/visual-studio_102735408.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/Asp-Net-core_025110633.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/blazor_053212805.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/blazor_053212805.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/angularjs_030800596.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/angularjs_030800596.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/angularjs_030800596.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/angularjs_030800596.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/angularjs_030800596.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/blazor_053212805.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/blazor_053212805.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/blazor_053212805.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/blazor_053212805.jpg|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/054252AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/031935AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/Asp-Net-core_025110633.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/031935AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/041731AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/062632AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/asp-dot-net-programming_060516203.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/asp-dot-net-programming_060516203.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/055443AM.PNG|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/sql-server_045500746.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/sql-server_045500746.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/azure_050104261.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/visual-studio_102735408.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/dot_net_2015_060314128.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/032150AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/032150AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/032150AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/032150AM.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/MinorCatImages/032150AM.png,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/featured-articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:Swimrankings meet - Wikipedia,"at Swimrankings + displays an external link to a swim meet page at , a website which displays results and data based on information from the ( or ) and the following national swimming federations: Belgium, Canada, Netherlands, Faroe Islands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and Switzerland. It is intended for use in the section of an article. + Unnamed parameters: + Named parameters: + Using property :",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lua-Logo.svg/30px-Lua-Logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Swimrankings_meet
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Hashtrud County geography stubs - Wikipedia,"The following 196 pages are in this category, out of 196 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hashtrud_County_geography_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Haryana geography stubs - Wikipedia,"See the for article coordination. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 588 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Haryana_geography_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories - Wikipedia,"See {{ }} and + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 18,536 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories
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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories - Wikipedia,"This category is for types of categories and subcategories of pages about . + This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Comedians by century - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Comedians_by_century
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia namespaces - Wikipedia,"For more information, see + This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_namespaces
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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia namespace administration - Wikipedia,"This category contains pages and categories related to . + This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_namespace_administration
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:20th-century people by occupation - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 46 subcategories, out of 46 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:20th-century_people_by_occupation
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Templates that add a tracking category - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,146 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Templates_that_add_a_tracking_category
+www.c-sharpcorner.com, ,,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/App_Themes/CSharp/Images/SiteLogo.png|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/csharp/ajax-loader-small.gif|https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/Images/InterestImages/icon-eye.png,https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/login?returnurl=/interview-question/what-is-the-difference-between-int-and-int
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:East Azerbaijan Province geography stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 20 subcategories, out of 20 total. + The following 47 pages are in this category, out of 47 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:East_Azerbaijan_Province_geography_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia template categories - Wikipedia,"In order to view the top level of categories, from which one can navigate through the various level of categories that organize all templates hierarchically, by function and/or by type of content, please see . + This category is populated by . + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 32,987 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_template_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Haryana stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 86 pages are in this category, out of 86 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Haryana_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:10th-century French women - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:10th-century_French_women
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categorization - Wikipedia,"This category contains which deal with on Wikipedia. + This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 49 pages are in this category, out of 49 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categorization
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia user space - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. + The following 19 pages are in this category, out of 19 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_user_space
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 241,642 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 391,559 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia administration by MediaWiki feature - Wikipedia,"Administration categories and pages organized by features, either builtin or through . + This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_administration_by_MediaWiki_feature
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Commons category Wikidata tracking categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Commons_category_Wikidata_tracking_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:People by century and occupation - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 36 subcategories, out of 36 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_by_century_and_occupation
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikimedia Commons - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikimedia_Commons
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:20th-century people - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:20th-century_people
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Template:Template category with no topic or description - Wikipedia,"Pages which use {{ }} with neither a topic parameter or a description parameter + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 17,222 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template:Template_category_with_no_topic_or_description
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Template namespace categories - Wikipedia,"can detect any pages in other namespaces. + This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template_namespace_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:India stubs by state or union territory - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:India_stubs_by_state_or_union_territory
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Category series navigation nordinal redirected - Wikipedia,"This tracking category contains pages where {{ }} followed a on a numeric-ordinal category sequence. This is useful for navigationally ""joining"" similarly named, related category sequences. To turn this functionality off, use . + Pages in this category should only be added by . + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 3,505 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_nordinal_redirected
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia content administration - Wikipedia,"This category contains project maintenance categories and pages, related to maintenance of Wikipedia's . + This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_content_administration
+en.wikipedia.org,1980 in Taiwan - Wikipedia,"Events from the year , . This year is numbered Minguo 69 according to the official Republic of China calendar.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_in_Taiwan
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Inconsistent wikidata for Commons category - Wikipedia,"The following 151 pages are in this category, out of 151 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Inconsistent_wikidata_for_Commons_category
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:People by occupation - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 135 subcategories, out of 135 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_by_occupation
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:2nd-millennium people - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2nd-millennium_people
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1893 sports standings templates - Wikipedia,This category has only the following subcategory.,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1893_sports_standings_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Template redirects with possibilities - Wikipedia,"This category contains template redirects that potentially could be changed into new templates. Do not place a redirect in this category directly - instead, add {{ }} to the redirect. If the redirect is not a template, then it will automatically populate instead of this category. + Other pages should link to these redirects. Do not retarget links to these redirects directly to the page to which they redirect. Treat these as pages that will be templates someday. + The following 180 pages are in this category, out of 180 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Redirect_arrow_without_text_%28cropped%29.svg/40px-Redirect_arrow_without_text_%28cropped%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template_redirects_with_possibilities
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:India stubs - Wikipedia,"For the entire list of stubs related to WikiProject India, see . + This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. + The following 88 pages are in this category, out of 88 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:India_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Category series navigation cleanup - Wikipedia,"This is a container category for various tracking categories emitted by for failed , possible , and purposes only (no error). + This category has the following 32 subcategories, out of 32 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_cleanup
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject content advice - Wikipedia,"contains advice about article content adopted by a WikiProject (rather than the whole community). To place your page in this category, add to the top of the page. + WikiProjects are encouraged to write advice pages related to their area. Such pages are —and as such, can be adopted by the general agreement of the members, rather than the whole community—but they often contain very good advice. See for more information. + If the WikiProject's content advice has received general consensus through the procedures listed at , then the WikiProject page additionally may be categorized as an English Wikipedia content guideline. For a short introduction on how to go from to style , see . + The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_content_advice
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Use dmy dates from June 2017 - Wikipedia,"Wikipedia articles (tagged in this month) that use ""dd mm yyyy"" date formats, whether by application of the rule or by virtue of to the subject, belong in . Use or to add an article to this category. See . + This system of tagging/categorisation is used as a status monitor of all articles that use dd mm yyyy date formats. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 12,554 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2017
+en.wikipedia.org,Xbox Series X and Series S - Wikipedia,"The and are the fourth generation of in the . Released on November 10, 2020, the higher-end Xbox Series X and lower-end Xbox Series S are part of the , which also includes 's , released the same month. Both superseded the . + In early 2019, rumors emerged of a fourth generation of Xbox consoles (codenamed ""Scarlett"") that consisted of a high-end model (""Anaconda"") and a lower-end model (""Lockhart""). Microsoft teased Anaconda in June 2019 during and unveiled it as the Xbox Series X during in December. On September 8, 2020, Microsoft unveiled the Xbox Series S. A slimmed version of the Xbox Series X has been leaked which lacks a disk drive and is rumored to release in November 2024. + Like the Xbox One, the consoles use an 64-bit and . Both models have to reduce loading times, support for hardware-accelerated and , the ability to convert games to using (Auto HDR), support for and low-latency modes, and updated . Xbox Series X was designed to nominally render games in 2160p ( ) at 60 (FPS). The lower-end, digital-only Xbox Series S, which has reduced specifications and does not include an optical drive, was designed to nominally render games in at 60 FPS, with support for 4K and ray tracing. + Xbox Series X/S are with nearly all Xbox One-compatible games and accessories (including and games that were ); the newer hardware gives games better performance and visuals. At launch, Microsoft encouraged a ""soft"" transition between generations, similar to , offering the ""Smart Delivery"" framework to allow publishers to provide upgraded versions of Xbox One titles with optimizations for Xbox Series X/S. Publishers are not required to use Smart Delivery and may publish Xbox Series X/S-exclusive titles if they choose. is among the developers that do not use Smart Delivery. + Critics praised the Xbox Series X/S for the hardware improvements over Xbox One and Microsoft's emphasis on cross-generation releases, but believed that the games available at launch did not fully use the hardware capabilities. In June 2023, during an ID@Xbox presentation at the Best International Games (BIG) Festival in Brazil, Microsoft revealed that over 21 million Xbox Series consoles have been sold worldwide. + Industry rumors of new Xbox hardware had started as early as June 2018, with Microsoft's confirming they were ""deep into architecturing the next Xbox consoles"" at that time. The hardware was believed to be a family of devices under the codename ""Scarlett"", including a low-cost version following a similar scheme as the family of consoles, with major emphasis on game streaming and . By March 2019, further industry rumors had led to speculation of two consoles within the Scarlett family under codenames ""Anaconda"" and the low-cost ""Lockhart"" version. + Microsoft confirmed at its press conference. Microsoft said they wanted a ""soft"" transition from Xbox One to Scarlett, with Scarlett supporting backward compatibility with all games and most hardware supported on the Xbox One. During a presentation at , Microsoft officially revealed the design of Scarlett and its branding, ""Xbox Series X"", as well as a late 2020 release date. After the event, a Microsoft spokesperson said Xbox Series X was a fourth generation of Xbox hardware, which will be branded simply ""Xbox"" with no subtitle. + Microsoft planned to detail the hardware specifications and launch games for the Series X at the 2020 (GDC) and , but the events were cancelled due to the . Microsoft scheduled online presentations over the same days in March 2020, while the company planned to reschedule its E3 presentation. Detailed specifications were presented by Microsoft, , and of Overclock Media on March 16, 2020. Starting in May and running until launch, Microsoft planned to have more digital events around the Xbox Series X and its games as part of an ""Xbox 20/20"" series. This included an Xbox Games Showcase on July 23, 2020, featuring games principally from its first-party . + On July 16, 2020, Microsoft announced that it had ended production of the Xbox One X and all-digital version of the Xbox One S in preparation for the new products. + The existence of the Xbox Series S had been guessed before E3 2019, based on a ""Project Lockhart"", a second, lower-end console that accompanied Scarlett. Confirmation of the Xbox Series S naming was affirmed through early Xbox hardware accessories that some had been able to purchase. Microsoft officially announced the Series S console on September 8, 2020, revealing that it would also be released alongside the Series X in November 2020. Microsoft pointed out that the Series S had been discreetly placed in the background of previous Xbox announcement videos featuring Phil Spencer during July 2020. + During 2023, Spencer stated that Microsoft is not likely to produce a mid-generation revision of either the Series X or Series S, as it would likely cause issues with specifications for games between the first such units and mid-generation ones. Instead, he said that ""that when we do hardware, it should have a reason to exist that is demonstrably different than what came before"", and that likely their next hardware would be for the future tenth generation of consoles. + When Microsoft's Xbox development team started work on the successor to the Xbox One consoles around 2016, they had already envisioned the need to have two console versions similar to their Xbox One X and Xbox One S models to meet the needs of different markets. By developing both units in concert, they would be able to make sure games developed would be able to be played on both systems without exception. As has been tradition with past Xbox projects, the consoles were given code names based on cities. The Xbox Series S was named Project Lockhart, based on the city of , which Aaron Greenberg said was known as ""the little city with the big heart"". + For the high-end console, the Xbox Series X, Microsoft's primary goals were to: at least double the graphical performance of the as measured by its (FLOPS), and to increase CPU performance four-fold compared to Xbox One X while maintaining the same acoustic performance from the Xbox One consoles. As the engineers collected power requirements to meet these specifications, they saw these parts would draw a large amount of internal power (approximately 315 ) and would generate a significant amount of heat. + This led to the decision to split the components onto two separate ; one would house the CPU/GPU, memory, and power regulators, and a second board would act as a board for slower (I/O) functions. The boards mounted on opposite sides of an aluminum chassis helped to create air channels for cooling. The remaining components—the , the , the , the , and the —were then arranged in a -like fashion, according to principal designer Chris Kujawski, to achieve a compact form factor, resulting in the tower-like structure. To meet the acoustics factor, the system includes numerous sensors for controlling the speed of the fan, and the large open top was necessary to ensure good airflow through the system. While certain elements like the optical drive, air flow requirements, and heat sink size fixed certain dimensions in the overall form factor, they were satisfied they were able to end up with a square footprint for the unit. + Xbox head Phil Spencer said that Microsoft was prioritizing high frame rates and faster load times over higher resolutions; the Series X achieves this via the better-matched capabilities of the CPU and . Compared to the Xbox One X, the CPU is about four times as powerful and the GPU is twice as powerful. + The Xbox Series X is powered by a custom 7 nm CPU with eight cores running at a nominal 3.8 GHz or, when (SMT) is used, at 3.6 GHz. One CPU core is dedicated to the underlying operating system. The integrated GPU is also a custom unit based on AMD's graphics architecture. It has a total of 56 compute units (CUs) with 3,584 cores, with 52 CUs and 3,328 cores enabled, and will run at a fixed 1.825 GHz. This unit is capable of 12 of computational power. The unit ships with 16 GB of , with 10 GB running at 560 GB/s primarily to be used with the graphics system and the other 6 GB at 336 GB/s to be used for the other computing functions. After accounting for the system software, about 13.5 GB of memory will be available for games and other applications, with the system software only drawing from the slower pool. The Xbox Series X is intended to render games at at 60 frames per second, and can support up to 120 frames per second and can render up to . + The Xbox Series X's console form is designed to be unobtrusive and minimalistic. It has a 15.1 cm × 15.1 cm (5.9 in × 5.9 in) footprint, is 30.1 cm (11.9 in) high, and weighs 4.45 kg (9.8 lb). Designed to sit vertically, it can also be used on its side. Its front has the main power button and an drive. The top of the unit is a single powerful fan. Spencer said that the console is as quiet as the Xbox One X. The Series X includes an HDMI 2.1 output, the storage expansion slot, three ports, and an . The console does not include an infrared blaster or HDMI pass-through like the Xbox One line, supporting instead. An earlier leak had suggested a port for digital audio, but this was eliminated in the final design. The console has an IR receiver in its controller pairing button next to the front USB port. + The Xbox Series S is comparable in its hardware to the Xbox Series X, similar to how the Xbox One S relates to the Xbox One X, but has less processing power. While it runs the same CPU with slightly slower clock frequencies, it uses a slower GPU, a custom RDNA2 with 20 CUs at 1.55 GHz for 4 TFLOPS, compared to 12 TFLOPS of the Series X. It ships with 10 GB of RAM, with 8 GB running at 224 GB/s primarily to be used with the graphics system and the other 2 GB at 56 GB/s to be used for the other computing functions, and a 512 GB SSD storage unit with a raw input/output throughput of 2.4 GB/s. It does not include an optical drive, so all games and software must be obtained via . It is intended to render games nominally at , with support for a 4K , at 60 frames per second, although it can go as high at 120 frames per second at this resolution. It starts at $299.99. Selected games can support native 4K resolution output on the Series S, such as . Otherwise, the console has the same functions as the Xbox Series X, including ports, expansions, and game support. + Microsoft designed the Series S to easily fit inside of a small bag or backpack for portability and travel usage. The Series S unit is about 60% smaller by volume than the Series X, measuring 275 by 151 by 63.5 millimetres (10.83 in × 5.94 in × 2.50 in) in its vertical orientation. In this orientation, its large side surface features the major exhaust port for active air cooling, similar to the top surface of the Series X; additional vents are then located on the top of the Series S. Like the Series X, the front of the Series S features one USB port and a controller pairing button with an integrated IR receiver. The rear of the console includes the power connector, one HDMI port, two additional USB ports, and an Ethernet port. Like the Series X, the Series S can also be placed horizontally with the exhaust port facing upward to maintain airflow. The Series S launched in a matte white case along with a matching controller, distinguishing it from the matte black that the Series X uses. + Both consoles use a new storage solution, the Xbox Velocity Architecture, that includes hardware and software components to improve transfer speeds within the console, reduce the size of digital downloads, and give developers more flexibility. Central to this is the internal storage, a custom (NVMe) . On the Series X, this is a 1 TB SSD (802 GB available) with a raw input/output throughput of 2.4 GB/s. An on-board compression/decompression block includes both the industry standard decompression algorithm and a proprietary BCPack algorithm geared for , and it gives a combined throughput as high as 4.8 GB/s. Within the software, a new DirectStorage within allows developers to fine-tune priority to input/output aspects with other processing threads. The software provides sampler feedback streaming that aids in loading multiple textures in segments to deal with rendering, rather than having to read these textures as a whole before using them. The Series S includes a 512 GB SSD (364 GB available) with similar custom hardware and software specifications. All SSD storage on the architecture use a x2 link. + Developers at found that, without any changes to their code, loaded four times faster on Xbox Series X than Xbox One X due to the higher throughput on memory and storage and that they would be able to increase this further once they incorporated the new DirectStorage API routines. + The consoles support external storage through a proprietary SSD inserted into the back of the console, which was manufactured exclusively by on launch and limited to a 1 TB size when first released. Later versions included 512 GB and 2 TB versions and were released at the end of 2021, while expansion cards manufactured by were released in June 2023. As with the Xbox One, the consoles will also support external USB storage, but only (which can also be transferred directly from an Xbox One console) will be able to run directly from external USB storage. Xbox Series X- and S-native games must be stored on the internal SSD or an expansion card in order to be played, but they can be moved to a USB storage device to make room for other games. + The DirectStorage API was released in March 2022 for Windows-based computers for that support DirectX 12 and NVMe SSDs, though games must be programmed to take advantage of the DirectStorage API. DirectStorage was planned to be a built-in feature along with Auto HDR for at release in late 2021, as well as offered within Windows 10. + Both the Series X and Series S support real-time and support the new features of the standard including (VRR) and Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM) that are currently being incorporated into newer televisions. The console will have dedicated audio hardware acceleration. A feature called ""audio ray tracing"" will use the graphics ray tracing processors to process spatial audio in the same manner to improve the audio immersion for the player. + Another goal for Microsoft was to reduce the effects of input latency to improve responsiveness, adding support for HDMI 2.1 Auto Low Latency Mode and Variable Refresh Rate features, and ""dynamic latency input"" technology—a new input pathway that allows developers to incorporate potential controller lag into their games. + AMD's , an image upscaling technology competitor to 's (DLSS) to enable higher resolutions and framerates, was added to the Xbox Series X/S in June 2021. + Both consoles support and technologies. Dolby Vision was initially limited to streaming apps at launch, but was released for games in September 2021. + The following table is a comparison of the major components of the fourth generation of Xbox consoles. + The Series X and Series S ship with an updated version of the intended to fit a larger range of hand sizes. They include same key buttons as the past controllers: two analog joysticks that can be depressed, a , four action buttons, two system buttons (""View"" and ""Menu""), the main Xbox home button, two grip triggers (left and right), and two shoulder buttons (left and right). The new controller adds a ""Share"" button alongside the ""View"" and ""Menu"" buttons; pressing ""Share"" once takes a screenshot, while holding the button begins a Game DVR recording. + Microsoft found that by aiming the size to fit an eight-year-old's hands, they were able to make the design fit a larger section of the population; it thus features more sculpted grips, and has reduced and rounded trigger buttons. The D-pad is a new concave design that senior console designer Ryan Whitaker said was a means to merge the normal D-pad style on the standard Xbox One controller and the version on the Elite variant to accommodate a range of playstyles. Small tactile dot patterns have been added to the buttons to help players orient fingers on the controls. The controller continues to use two , though a rechargeable battery pack is available as an accessory. Microsoft found from focus group studies that players were split nearly 50/50 on the use of batteries versus recharging and thus gave the controller the option to use either. + The controller uses the same wireless protocol introduced by the Xbox One and is backward compatible with existing Xbox One consoles. Existing Xbox One controllers are also compatible with Xbox Series X. The new controller also supports the standard allowing it to pair with mobile devices and other hardware supporting that standard, and has internal storage to remember those connections. It uses a connector for wired use and charging (with the optional battery kit) rather than . + Many of the first-party accessories designed to work with the preceding Xbox One remain compatible with the Xbox Series X, including the Xbox Stereo Headset and Xbox Wireless Headset. + Spencer said that the Xbox Series X will likely not have immediate (VR) support at launch, and that they expect that any VR support will be based on the components contained within the console's components, but was otherwise not a focus of the console's development prior to release. + An updated Xbox Series S with a matte black finish and 1 TB of storage launched on September 1, 2023; the internal design remains otherwise unchanged. + Unrelated court documents from the 2022 court case include plans for refreshed mid-generation consoles scheduled to be released in 2024. The updated Xbox Series X, codenamed ""Brooklin"", would feature a cylindrical design that drops the optical drive, draws less power, increases internal storage to 2 TB, and improves wireless connectivity with . The updated Xbox Series S, codenamed ""Ellewood"", would retain the same design as the current Series S, reducing power consumption and adding Wi-Fi 6E and 1 TB of internal storage. Both console refreshes are planned to ship with a new Xbox controller, codenamed ""Sebile"". The new controller will be named the Xbox Universal Controller and will include a rechargeable, swappable battery. + Both consoles have a similar (UI) as the Xbox One, but use 40% less memory to improve its speed. According to the UI development team, the Home section loads in about half the time as it did on the Xbox One. Other changes include adding rounded UI elements, a more-readable font for text elements, rearrangement of certain aligned features, and improvements to the sharing functions. These changes were brought to the Xbox One system software, the Windows' Xbox application, and the Xbox mobile application around September 2020. Based on system previews, about 200 GB of space was reserved on the internal drive of the Xbox Series X for system files. + Xbox Series S and Series X support ""Quick Resume"", which allows users to suspend and resume up to three games at once. Games can also be resumed after a reboot of the console. The March 2022 update added the ability to ""pin"" up to two games to Quick Resume, keeping them suspended unless otherwise closed manually, or the game must be updated. + As with previous Xbox consoles, Xbox Series S and Series X use the platform for online services. It supports the service, which allows subscribers to download games from an on-demand library. In October 2021, —a component of Xbox Game Pass Ultimate which allows users to games from Microsoft servers to Xbox consoles, PCs, and —was upgraded from Xbox One S-based hardware to Xbox Series X-based servers, enabling faster server-side loading times. + Apps for various are available via Microsoft Store. The was released on Xbox platforms for the first time alongside the Xbox Series S and Series X. + Microsoft allows all retail Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S consoles to use an environment known as 'Dev mode', which provides developers with a sandbox environment to test their games and applications. + At launch of the Xbox Series X/S, Microsoft positioned new games to be available for both the Xbox One and the new consoles. head Matt Booty said that Microsoft wanted to ensure that those who had recently bought Xbox One consoles would still ""feel that they made a good investment and that we're committed to them with content."" Spencer said many of the Xbox Game Studios subsidiaries were familiar with developing games on personal computers, where there is a wide range of hardware targets to meet. This approach allows the creation of games that perform well on the Xbox One consoles yet take advantage of the new hardware with higher graphics and faster , , and support for the consoles' storage architecture. + For some games, further game improvements from the Xbox One version to Xbox Series X/S version can be made with the capabilities of the Xbox Series X/S console; games with this support are marketed with an ""Optimized for Series X"" logo. Microsoft offered a distribution framework known as ""Smart Delivery"" that will automatically download Xbox Series X/S versions of backwards compatible games for the console when available; Microsoft has positioned this feature at publishers who plan to release Series X- or Series S-specific versions of games after releasing on Xbox One and to users moving from an existing Xbox One to an Xbox Series console. + Microsoft does not bar developers from releasing games that can only be played on Xbox Series X/S, but the company has preferred a ""soft"" transition more in line with , where developers can target optimal play on higher-end hardware, but still allow the game to be played with reduced fidelity on lower-end hardware (such as older Xbox One consoles). + Initially, Spencer suggested that their first-party studios' games would support both Xbox One and Xbox Series X platforms for the ""next couple of years"", but journalists observed that some of the first-party games introduced in the Xbox Game Showcase in July 2020 omitted mention of the Xbox One, and their websites later updated to omit mention of the Xbox One. While none of these games were believed to be launch titles, they were expected to be released within the window Spencer had previously suggested. This led to Aaron Greenberg, general manager of Xbox Games Marketing, to clarify that these games were being developed for the Xbox Series X first, leaving the choice of adding Xbox One support to their development studios as they went forward. In June 2023, Xbox Game Studios head Matt Booty stated that its in-house studios had ""moved on to Gen 9"" and were no longer working on new games targeting Xbox One. + Microsoft has not placed any similar requirements on a soft transition for third-party developers and publishers, allowing them to offer Xbox Series X exclusives or other routes to upgrade from the Xbox One edition of a game, though reported that Microsoft had urged publishers to keep the upgrade path free if they took that option. RED and have committed to using Smart Delivery for their upcoming releases. affirmed that will have a free update patch from the Xbox One version to the Xbox Series X version prior to the release of the next game. + The Xbox Game Preview program, which allows games to be released through an model, continued into the Xbox Series X/S line with in January 2021. + Microsoft stated that the Xbox Series X and Series S would support all existing games playable on (excluding those that require the sensor), including and games currently supported through , thus allowing the new consoles to support four generations of games. +To achieve this level of compatibility, Microsoft announced in June 2019 that they would no longer be bringing any additional Xbox 360 or original Xbox games into the Xbox One backward compatibility program, and they would instead be using their manpower to make sure these older games were playable on the Xbox Series X. Backward compatibility is a launch feature, with Microsoft having put more than 500,000 man-hours in validating thousands of games from the supported Xbox One library; Spencer said in December 2019 that he himself had been helping to test backward compatibility games. As Microsoft neared launch, they reopened the means for players to suggest additional games to add to backward compatibility, stating ""Resurrecting titles from history often presents a complex mix of technical and licensing challenges, but the team is committed to doing everything we can to continue to preserve our collective gaming legacy."" + It is possible for advanced graphic processes options not originally programmed into these older games to be worked into the game when played on the console, such as automated (HDR) support using , framerate doubling, 16x , and resolution upscale. Work done by the Xbox Advanced Technology Group prior to launch was focused on how far into the backward-compatibility library they could take these improvements, including into original Xbox games, adding in features like HDR or improving the framerate of games that may have been programmed to be locked at a specific framerate. Backward compatible games are supported under the Quick Resume feature as well. Cloud saves can be used to migrate from Xbox One, and Microsoft stated that it would also add free cloud saves to the Xbox 360 so it can be migrated to a Series S/X console as well. + +Xbox Series S can play Xbox One games with improved performance, , and auto HDR support, but it does not support Xbox One X-specific enhancements. Microsoft is providing tools for developers to check the performance of their Xbox One games on the Series X and S consoles, which can suggest optimizations ""as easy as changing three lines of code"" to support the improvements in backward compatibility. In February 2021, Microsoft introduced FPS Boost, a feature for select backward-compatible games that the company said can improve the framerate of these titles on the Xbox Series X and Series S by two to four times. This is a feature that Microsoft's engineers must prepare for each game, with five games supported initially and more to be rolled out over time. Microsoft developed FPS Boost after finding that for many backward compatible games, the CPU and GPU on the newer consoles frequently entered their idle states even with the other enhancements in place, and so they sought ways to use the unused processing cycles to further enhance the older games' performance. As of May 2021, about 97 games were updated to support FPS Boost. + In March 2021, Microsoft started testing the Auto HDR feature with Windows-compatible games and computers that meet minimal requirements supported through DirectX. + In March 2020, Microsoft stated that despite the , they expected the Xbox Series X to ship by the end of 2020, though they were monitoring supply chains and the safety of their workers. Then, Spencer believed that while the hardware will continue to ship on time, games poised for the release window of Xbox Series X may be delayed due to the pandemic. By August 2020, Microsoft committed to a November 2020 release window for the Xbox Series X, affirming the console's release was still on track. + Both the Xbox Series X and Series S consoles launched on November 10, 2020, with the Series X priced at , , and and the Series S priced at , , and . In China, the systems would release on June 10, 2021. Microsoft affirmed that 31 games would be available at launch, including those from its Xbox Game Studios and from other third-party publishers, in addition to those from its Xbox One backwards compatibility. While had been planned as a launch title when the Series X console was first revealed, Microsoft and opted to delay its release until after the console's launch due to production issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic. + Microsoft will continue its financing plans (which bundle the hardware, Xbox Live Gold, and Xbox Game Pass as part of a monthly payment plan) for the Series X. Current All Access plans with the Xbox One will include routes to upgrade to the Xbox Series X, and Spencer states that there will be similar upgrades from the Xbox Series X in the future. The All-Access option for the Xbox Series X option will be based on a 24-month plan at while the Series S will be based on a plan. + Upon reveal of the Xbox Series X's vertical form factor, a popular Internet compared the design to a mini . In the lead-up to the console's release, Microsoft manufactured a limited number of refrigerators modeled after the Xbox Series X exterior, complete with a disk drive handle, green interior , and the Xbox startup sound. Some were distributed to celebrities like and , and others were offered as part of promotional contests. In March 2021, in collaboration with Microsoft, offered smaller mini-fridges modeled off the Xbox Series X to promote his line of Zoa energy drinks; Microsoft's Greenberg stated that this was a trial run to see if the Xbox mini-fridge would have potential sales options beyond this promotion. After followers of the official Xbox Twitter account helped the brand to win in a Twitter marketing vote-based championship in April 2021, Greenberg affirmed that Microsoft will proceed with producing Xbox Series X mini-fridges for purchase. Microsoft announced during that these mini fridges would be available to purchase by end-of-year holiday period in 2021. Microsoft opened pre-orders for the mini-fridge in October 2021, with plans for distribution in December 2021 in North America and European markets. + Microsoft announced a 1 TB Xbox Series S model in carbon black, which was released on September 1, 2023 at a price of US$349. + At launch, critics praised the new console hardware and commented positively on its improved graphics, reduction of loading times, and strong backward compatibility support, but, due to the lack of any console exclusives, remained hesitant of the console's true power. Because of this, at launch, many did not feel these consoles truly represented the next generation of home consoles. The lack of significant launch-day exclusive titles designed to show off the new hardware capabilities, as well as the familiar controller shape and user interface, was considered by some to be disappointing given the next-generation focus of Sony's PlayStation 5. The Series X was generally considered the better unit when compared to the Series S, as the computation and space limitations of the latter made it a less user-friendly experience to navigate but still otherwise functional. 's Richard Leadbetter stated ""I love the hardware in terms of what I can potentially experience with it and the expert implementation of many of its forward-looking features—but a console is defined by its games, and in that sense, I still feel that I barely know the machine at all."" Keza MacDonald of said that while there is no immediate driving force to buy the consoles at launch, ""there's not much to criticise: they do everything they promised to do, and they do it well."" Kris Graft and Chris Kerr said that ""Microsoft has delivered two highly appealing entry points that can turn players into long-term customers, while at the same time erasing the idea of 'generations,' exposing people to more games, past, present and future."" + In November 2021, Jordan Ramée of acknowledged that Xbox Series X and S had begun to see higher-profile console-exclusive releases since their launch (such as , and the third-party titles and ), and that Smart Delivery was a ""crucial"" feature of the consoles—praising the system for being seamless and automatic unlike PlayStation 5, whose user interface ""did not make it abundantly clear which version of a game you were choosing to download and play, occasionally resulting in players accidentally putting the PS4 version of a game on their PS5."" He also felt that migrating from an older Xbox One was easier than migrating from PS4 to PS5, citing Smart Delivery, automatic synchronization of save data, and maintaining the same user interface. + Microsoft announced that the Xbox Series X/S was the biggest Xbox console launch, with more consoles sold in more countries in its first 24 hours than any previous Xbox. The record was previously held by the Xbox One, which sold more than one million units at launch. The Xbox Series S has attracted a higher percentage of new Xbox players than any previous Microsoft consoles. Microsoft's CEO, , would affirm in an earnings call on July 27, 2021, that the Series X and S consoles were the fastest selling Xbox consoles ever. Microsoft has not revealed the exact sales numbers of the Xbox Series X/S, having last revealed sales figure for Xbox consoles in 2014. However, estimates from industry analysts and exact sales from specific regions are available. + Daniel Ahmed, a Niko Partners analyst, has provided estimates for the worldwide sell-through of the Xbox Series X/S. The combined worldwide sales of the Xbox Series X and Series S would have reached 3.5 million by December 31, 2020. Sales would increase to 6.5 million by June 30, 2021, outpacing the 5.7 million units sold of the Xbox One and the 5 million units of the Xbox 360 in the same timeframe. Sales worldwide are estimated to have reached 8 million by September 30, 2021, and 12 million units by the end of 2021. At the end of 2022, it was estimated by Ampere Analysis that sales had reached 18.5 million. In June 2023, during an ID@Xbox presentation in Brazil, Microsoft revealed that Xbox Series X and Series S had sold over 21 million units to date, which is lagging behind its rival PS5 with 40 million units sold as of July 2023. +During the hearing of on June 22, 2023, Microsoft admitted that they ""lost the console wars"" and ""Xbox's console has consistently ranked third (of three) behind PlayStation and Nintendo in sales. In 2021, Xbox had a market share of 16%...Likewise for console revenues and share of consoles currently in use by gamers ('installed base'), Xbox trails with 21%"" + Certified sales data are available in certain regions through providers, such as GfK in various regions of Europe. also provides specific sales estimates in Japan. In the UK, 155,000 units were sold on launch day, two-thirds of which were Xbox Series X consoles. Sales in the region would reach 310,000 by the end of 2020, over 1 million by the end of 2021, and 1.8 million by the end of 2022. The Series X variety accounted for 43% of all the Xbox Series consoles sold over 2021 in the UK. In Japan, 16,247 Xbox Series X and 4,287 Xbox Series S systems were sold during the launch week, for a total of 20,534 units sold. Sales in Japan would cross 116,000 in November 2021, outselling the lifetime Japanese sales of the Xbox One in under a year. By the end of 2022, Xbox Series X/S reached 400,000 units sold in Japan. In Spain, there were 10,500 Xbox Series X and 3,600 Xbox Series S systems sold during the launch week for a combined total of 14,100 units sold. By the end of 2020, 30,850 Xbox Series X and S systems had been sold in Spain. 96,000 units were sold in Spain in 2022. + The prevented Microsoft from producing enough Xbox consoles to meet demand. Upon launch, both models almost immediately sold out across all retailers and in all markets. This led to scalping on Internet marketplace sites, with consoles going for as high as . Spencer said that they had gotten a later start on manufacturing the console in mid-2020 as they were waiting for key AMD chip technology, and they had reached full production capacity by launch but were still rushing to meet sales demand, as well as having made projections on proportions of Series X versus Series S sales. In November 2020, Xbox chief financial officer Tim Stuart said shortages were likely to end in the second quarter of 2021. Starting in May 2021, Microsoft allowed members of the Xbox Insiders program to sign up for a priority list to purchase an Xbox Series X or Series S directly from Microsoft, though only a limited number of units were offered through this program. Although Microsoft was unable to produce enough units to satisfy demand during 2021, the revenue from consoles increased because the consoles had higher prices. + Microsoft has urged developers to develop games to release on both the Series X and Series S with feature-to-feature parity, despite the latter's limitations. In March 2023, , the developer of the game , said that the system with the lowest specs (the Xbox Series S) dictates the features used because games have to be able run on the hardware and that optimization is nowhere near as simple as lowering resolution and texture quality. Spencer said that split-screen co-op is one area that certain games, such as , cannot be used as the Series S, and thus has limited their own first-party releases. + , the developers of , did not officially announce a Xbox Series X/S version due to technical issues relating to on the Xbox Series S. This led to a rumor that the game was a . Larian Studios denied the console exclusivity and said that might get released on Xbox should the problems get fixed. 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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sports standings by season templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 166 subcategories, out of 166 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports_standings_by_season_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Redirect tracking categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 1,402 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Redirect_tracking_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:South Asia stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Map-Region-South-Asia.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:South_Asia_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia category cleanup - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_category_cleanup
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject advice - Wikipedia,"This category is for essays. It is populated by the template . + This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 35 pages are in this category, out of 35 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_advice
+en.wikipedia.org,8th Coast Artillery (United States) - Wikipedia,"The was a regiment in the United States Army, which garrisoned the (HD Portland), Maine 1924–1944, and the , New Hampshire 1924–1940. + The 8th Coast Artillery was constituted 27 February 1924 and organized 1 July 1924 as the component of the (HD Portland), Maine through early 1944; the was the component of those defenses. In early 1944 most of the 8th Coast Artillery's personnel were transferred to HD Portland and the regiment was soon disbanded. The 8th CA also garrisoned the , New Hampshire at strength from 1924 through early 1940. At that time the was activated from personnel of the HD Portsmouth caretaker detachment, relieving the 8th Coast Artillery of that duty. + The of the 8th Coast Artillery is as follows: + Constituted 27 February 1924 as the 8th Coast Artillery (HD) Regiment, and organized at 1 July 1924 by redesignating the 123rd, 154th, 155th, 171st, 196th, 156th, 246th, and 251st companies of Coast Artillery Corps. Only regimental Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB) and Battery E activated as caretaker units; HHB for HD Portland, Battery E for HD Portsmouth. + On 11 September 1943 a third battalion was authorized. + The 8th Coast Artillery was ordered to , Mississippi 25 February 1944 (less Battery B), released to , and assigned to , . + A Gold metal and enamel device 1 1/8 (2.86 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: Per fess Gules and Argent, in chief a mullet of the last, in base a pine tree Proper. + The 8th Regiment was organized under General Orders No. 8, 27 February 1924, on 30 June 1924, from the companies which comprised the garrison of the and . The design is taken from the coat of arms of the old Coast Defenses of Portland. The star has a dual significance. Its five points represent the five forts in the Coast Defenses of Portland; in addition it represents the Pole Star, those being the most northerly defenses in the country. It is set on a field of artillery red. The pine tree is the emblem of Maine, and is on a white field symbolic of the snows among which this particular pine (Pinus Rigidus) grows. + The was originally approved for the 8th Coast Artillery Regiment on 24 March 1924. It was amended to add the method of wear on 10 November 1924. The insignia was redesignated for the 27th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion on 14 January 1952. + Per fess Gules and Argent, in chief a mullet of the last, in base a pine tree Proper. + On a wreath of the colors Argent and Gules a phoenix Purpure aileroned Or rising from flames Proper. Motto: TERRAE PORTAM DEFENDAMUS (We Defend The Land Gate). + The 8th Regiment was organized under General Orders No. 8, 27 February 1924, on 30 June 1924, from the companies which composed the garrison of the Coast Defenses of Portland and Portsmouth. The coat of arms is that of the old Coast Defenses of Portland. The star has a dual significance. Its five points represent the five forts in the Coast Defenses; in addition it represents the Pole Star, those being the most northerly defenses in the country. It is set on a field of artillery red. The pine tree is the emblem of Maine, and is on a white field symbolic of the snows among which this particular pine (Pinus Rigidus) grows. The motto translates to ""We Defend the Land Gate."" ""Terrae Portam"" is also the Latin equivalent for Portland and ""Defendamus"" is the motto of the Coast Artillery Corps. + The crest is taken from the arms of the city of Portland which was thrice destroyed in war by burning, by the Indians in 1676, by the French in 1690 and by the English fleet in 1775, but each time it has risen phoenix-like from its ashes. + The coat of arms was originally approved for the 8th Coast Artillery Regiment on 13 March 1924. It was amended to correct the translation of the motto on 31 March 1928. The insignia was redesignated for the 27th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion on 14 January 1952.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/27th_AAA_Bn_coa.jpeg/100px-27th_AAA_Bn_coa.jpeg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Coast_Artillery_(United_States)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia essays - Wikipedia,"This category contains – on Wikipedia-related topics, but with no official status. Pages tagged with categorize here if they are in the Wikipedia namespace and into if they are in userspace. Please use more specific templates where appropriate: + Essays in the Wikipedia namespace may be edited by anyone. Essays in the namespace are normally edited only by the user that hosts the page and are categorized with , usually via {{ }}. User essays may be moved categorically into the namespace and this category if they are frequently referenced, as evidenced by becoming an evolving expression of multiple editors. Wikipedia essays may be moved into userspace (or deleted) if they are found to be unhelpful or to contradict a settled point of policy. +Additional essays may be found in the -wide . For non-Wikipedia-related essays, as article topics, see . + This category has the following 48 subcategories, out of 48 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,088 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_essays
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles with unsourced statements from August 2022 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . +To add an article to this category add to the article. If you omit the date a will add it for you at some point. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 8,153 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2022
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia culture - Wikipedia,"This is mostly a dumping ground for pages in the that relate in some way to the culture of Wikipedia and its users. Some pages categorized here are pointless, and thus elude categorization elsewhere, but are nevertheless retained because they are considered by some to be humorous, or otherwise worth keeping. Some of the subcategories aren't really ""culture"" at all and would probably be better off directly under or one of its other subcategories. + This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 140 pages are in this category, out of 140 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_culture
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Occupations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 48 pages are in this category, out of 48 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Occupations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories by millennium - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_by_millennium
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sports chronology templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports_chronology_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Redirects from .mp domain names - Wikipedia,"The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Redirect_arrow_without_text_%28cropped%29.svg/40px-Redirect_arrow_without_text_%28cropped%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Redirects_from_.mp_domain_names
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Stub categories needing attention - Wikipedia,"This tracking category is automatically populated by {{ }} (O, P, S, U) and {{ }} (N, Q). + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 5,955 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Stub_categories_needing_attention
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia cleanup - Wikipedia,"These articles (mostly under ) are in need of general cleanup. Please see or the articles' for reasons why. If you're not sure why the tag is there, you can ask on the talk page, ask the person who added the tag, ask for a , or ask for an expert opinion on or a . If you're sure the article has been cleaned up, addressing any obvious flaws as well as any specific problems mentioned on the talk page, feel free to remove the tag. There's not much harm in leaving it on if you aren't certain what to do; the tag will alert someone else to come by later and check up on the article. + ""Cleanup"" is a generic label and is a subset of ""maintenance"". It encompasses all work that needs to be done, whereas other maintenance lists may contain suggestions for improvement to intact articles. + Please ignore the Wikipedia: listings. These appear here for technical reasons. They do not need to be cleaned up, and the tags should not be removed. + Use the {{ }} tag to put articles in . Please do not the cleanup tag. The bot that sorts cleanup into by-month categories is currently unable to handle subst'ed cleanup tags. Additionally other processes are likely to break the subst'ed tags. This is a . + the cache. + This category has the following 20 subcategories, out of 20 total. + The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_cleanup
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject resources - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_resources
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Balance Your Perspectives - Wikipedia,"In an , ideally But this is an ideal that might never be totally realized because: + Nobody's perfect, your opinions might not be the same as another's but might be equally valid. Understand though that Wikipedia is a community and is a place for facts, not feelings. Just try to be fair and avoid bias. Contribute your truth not your prejudices and . This is the ideal of Wikipedia.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Essay.svg/30px-Essay.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Balance_Your_Perspectives
+en.wikipedia.org,1992 Angolan general election - Wikipedia,"General elections were held in on 29 and 30 September 1992 to elect a and , the first time free and multi-party elections had been held in the country. They followed the signing of the on 31 May 1991 in an attempt to end the 17-year-long . Voter turnout was 91.3% for the parliamentary election and 91.2% for the presidential election. + The ruling People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( ) won both elections; however eight opposition parties, in particular the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( ), rejected the results as rigged. An official observer wrote that there was little UN supervision, that 500,000 UNITA voters were disenfranchised and that there were 100 clandestine polling stations. UNITA sent negotiators to the capital, but at the same time prepared measures to resume the civil war. As a consequence, hostilities erupted in Luanda and immediately spread to other parts of the country. Several thousand to tens of thousands of UNITA members or supporters were killed nationwide by MPLA forces in a few days, in what is known as the . + Angola was a colony of for more than 400 years from the 15th century. Demands for independence picked up momentum during the early 1950s, with the principal protagonists including the MPLA, founded in 1956, the (FNLA), which appeared in 1961, and the UNITA, founded in 1966. After many years of conflict that weakened all of the insurgent parties, Angola gained independence on 11 November 1975, after the in Portugal, which overthrew the Portuguese regime headed by . + A fight for dominance broke out immediately between the three nationalist movements. The events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens, creating up to 300,000 destitute Portuguese —the . The new Portuguese government attempted to mediate an understanding between the three competing movements, which they initially agreed to, but later failed and resulted in a devastating civil war which lasted several decades, claiming millions of lives and producing many refugees until ending in 2002. + During the civil war, the MPLA gained control of the capital and much of the rest of the country. With the support of the United States, and South Africa intervened militarily in favour of the FNLA and UNITA, with the intention of taking Luanda before the declaration of independence. In response, Cuba intervened in favour of the MPLA, which became a flash point for the . With Cuban support, the MPLA held Luanda and declared independence on 11 November 1975, with becoming the first president, though the civil war continued. Jose Eduardo dos Santos won the and and became the first elected President of the country. The civil war continued with UNITA fighting against the MPLA, with both parties receiving international support. There was a ceasefire agreement during 1989, with the leader of UNITA, , but it collapsed soon afterwards. As a part of its peace efforts, the MPLA dropped its theme of Marxism–Leninism and moved to socialism. During May 1991, Dos Sambos and Savimbi signed a multiparty democracy agreement in . + Voter registration was carried out between 20 May and 31 July and the National Electoral Council enrolled a total of 4,828,468 eligible voters. Campaigning was intense from two of the major parties; UNITA campaigned against the colonial influence of Portugal and proposed a native setup. The elections were monitored by 800 representatives of the UN Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM). + Voter turnout was around 75 per cent voter, with the UN airlifting people in remote areas to the polling stations. Early counting indicated that MPLA was leading in most constituencies; UNITA immediately rejected the result and pulled out its forces out of the combined troops of the army and started preparing for a war. The National Electoral Council delayed announcing the results beyond the eight-day limit prescribed and announced the results on 17 October 1992. + A total of 12 parties won seats, with the ruling MPLA winning nearly 54% of the total votes and 129 of the 220 seats, whilst UNITA won 70 seats. The first multi-party parliament session was convened on 26 October 1992 with all members of UNITA abstaining. + The ruling MPLA won both elections, but the eight opposition parties, in particular UNITA, rejected the results as rigged. An official observer wrote that there was little UN supervision, that 500,000 UNITA voters were disenfranchised and that there were 100 clandestine polling stations. UNITA sent negotiators to the capital, but at the same time prepared measures to resume the civil war. As a consequence, hostilities erupted in Luanda and immediately spread to other parts of the country. Several thousand to tens of thousands of UNITA members or supporters were killed nationwide by MPLA forces in a few days, in what is known as the . War resumed immediately. + According to the constitution adopted in 1992, since dos Santos failed to win 50 percent of the vote, he would have faced Savimbi in a runoff election. However, Savimbi refused to take part in the runoff, saying the election had neither been free nor fair. Due to the resumption of the Civil War, the second round never took place, and dos Santos continued as President, even without the constitutionally-necessary democratic legitimisation. Dos Santos assumed office for the third continuous term as President on 2 December 1992 and appointed as the new Prime Minister of Angola. Most of the ministries were given to MPLA, while UNITA was offered six portfolios, which was accepted only later. There were four other portfolios allocated to other parties.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/50px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos-16062014-edit.jpg/143px-Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos-16062014-edit.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Jonas_Savimbi.jpg/122px-Jonas_Savimbi.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mapa_de_las_elecciones_presidenciales_de_Angola_de_1992.svg/250px-Mapa_de_las_elecciones_presidenciales_de_Angola_de_1992.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mapa_de_las_elecciones_generales_de_Angola_de_1992_-_Resultados_por_distrito.svg/290px-Mapa_de_las_elecciones_generales_de_Angola_de_1992_-_Resultados_por_distrito.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Emblem_of_Angola.svg/125px-Emblem_of_Angola.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos-16062014-edit.jpg/191px-Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos-16062014-edit.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Angola_National_Assembly_1992_%28detailed%29.svg/360px-Angola_National_Assembly_1992_%28detailed%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Angolan_general_election
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories requiring diffusion - Wikipedia,"For categories requiring a single diffusion and not continual maintenance, use {{ }}. For categories that should not contain anything other than subcategories, use {{ }}. + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 8,105 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_requiring_diffusion
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories by period - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_by_period
+en.wikipedia.org,"Category:Time, date and calendar templates - Wikipedia","This page is for templates that perform calculations related to time or provide similar functions. For templates whose is time, please do not use this category, but instead use . + None of these templates put a working clock on your page. The clocks will update the time on your screen every minute. Instead, they record the date or time that the page was most recently edited or . If you want a clock that constantly updates, then go to and enable the Appearance item, ""Add a clock to the personal toolbar that displays the current time in UTC and provides a link to purge the current page"". + This category has the following 35 subcategories, out of 35 total. + The following 131 pages are in this category, out of 131 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/18px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/18px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Time,_date_and_calendar_templates"
+en.wikipedia.org,Mailchimp - Wikipedia,"is a and platform. ""Mailchimp"" is the trade name of its operator, Rocket Science Group , an American founded in 2001 by and Mark Armstrong, with joining at a later date. + Mailchimp was launched in 2001. The platform was named after one of their most popular e-greetings card characters, earning a few thousand dollars monthly. Mailchimp began as a paid service and added a option in 2009. Within a year, its user base had grown from 85,000 to 450,000. By June 2014, it was sending over 10 billion emails per month on behalf of its users. More than 600 million emails are sent through the platform every two days. + In 2016, Mailchimp was ranked No. 7 on the Cloud 100 list. In February 2017, the company was named one of 's Most Innovative Companies of 2017. In August 2017, it was reported that Mailchimp would be opening offices in and . + In February 2019, Mailchimp acquired , a smaller competitor. Mailchimp later announced its plans to shift from mail distribution to offering a full marketing platform aimed at smaller organizations. This shift includes allowing customers to record and track customer leads within the platform, build landing pages and websites, and run ad retargeting advertisements on and . As part of this, Mailchimp acquired the based media and magazine company Courier Media in March 2020, with the stated goal of international growth. The magazine has a readership of 100,000 readers in more than 26 countries. + With founders Armstrong and Chestnut starting the company without outside funding or plans to go public, and never bringing on any outside investors thereafter, Mailchimp is considered an example of a successfully startup. + After turning down repeated acquisition offers for 20 years, reported on August 31, 2021, that Mailchimp was talking with about being acquired. On September 13, 2021, confirmed it would acquire Mailchimp for approximately $12 billion in cash and stock. On November 1, 2021, officially completed the acquisition for $5.7bn in cash, $6.3bn in , and 573,000 units. After the acquisition, Intuit changed the name of the platform to Intuit Mailchimp. + As a advertiser, Mailchimp sponsored the launch of , a podcast exploring a murder case over multiple episodes. One ad became memorable for its inclusion of an unscripted mispronunciation of the company's name – ""MailKimp"" – as spoken by a 14-year-old girl from waiting in line for an . The ad was parodied and ""MailKimp"" became a . In response, Mailchimp bought the domain name mailkimp.com and redirected traffic to mailchimp.com. + In 2018, Mailchimp underwent a brand redesign to help visually demonstrate an evolution from an email marketing tool to a larger marketing platform. This redesign included an updated logo, color palette, typeface, new imagery, and illustrations. It updated the Mailchimp to ""Mailchimp"" rather than ""MailChimp"" with an uppercase letter ""C"". + In February 2016, Mailchimp announced it was merging Mandrill transactional email service into Mailchimp as an add-on feature and gave customers 60 days' notice to switch to the new pricing structure or find an alternative service platform. The new pricing structure required a paid Mailchimp plan before being able to purchase Mandrill credits, resulting in customers paying for two products to access Mandrill. + Previously, customers were able to purchase Mandrill credits for sending emails without signing up on Mailchimp. The credits were originally priced at $9.95 for 25,000 emails but increased to $20 for the same number of emails under the new pricing scheme. In addition to needing to purchase Mandrill credits, customers now need to be on a paid Mailchimp monthly plan (the minimum monthly plan being $10 a month), even if the customer has no need for Mailchimp services and only wants access to Mandrill. Mandrill was later renamed Mailchimp Transactional. + In March 2022, Mailchimp suffered a data breach whereby intruders gained access to the data of 319 of their customers through . The exposed data includes email address, IP address, and the approximate location of their mailing list recipients. + In January 2023, Mailchimp confirmed another breach of data for 133 accounts via social engineering.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Mailchimp_logo.svg/220px-Mailchimp_logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MailChi.mp
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Stub sorting - Wikipedia,"This is a collection of policy pages, discussion pages and categories relevant to the . They are in no way ""owned"" or ""controlled"" by the project. Still, it would be very helpful if major changes to any of these were reported on . + This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 37 pages are in this category, out of 37 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Stub_sorting
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia maintenance - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 66 subcategories, out of 66 total. + The following 58 pages are in this category, out of 58 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_maintenance
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This is the top-level category to organize , which are groups of editors working together to improve Wikipedia. + You should place your WikiProject's main page and/or main WikiProject category in one of the of this category, not directly in Category:WikiProjects itself. Note that most of these sub-categories are themselves sub-divided. + This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/20px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Book_icoline.svg/20px-Book_icoline.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gnome-applications-graphics.svg/20px-Gnome-applications-graphics.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/20px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/20px-System-users.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tango_atom.svg/20px-Tango_atom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg/20px-Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Collective intelligence - Wikipedia,"( ) is shared or ( ) that from the , collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in . The term appears in , and in context of mass and applications. It may involve , and such as , and other means of quantifying mass activity. Collective is a measure of collective intelligence, although it is often used interchangeably with the term collective intelligence. Collective intelligence has also been attributed to and animals. + It can be understood as an from the among: + Or it can be more narrowly understood as an emergent property between people and ways of processing information. This notion of collective intelligence is referred to as ""symbiotic intelligence"" by Norman Lee Johnson. The concept is used in , , and mass communications: it also appears in . defines collective intelligence as, ""It is a form of universally distributed intelligence, constantly enhanced, coordinated in real time, and resulting in the effective mobilization of skills. I'll add the following indispensable characteristic to this definition: The basis and goal of collective intelligence is mutual recognition and enrichment of individuals rather than the cult of fetishized or communities."" According to researchers Pierre Lévy and , it refers to capacity of networked (Information communication technologies) to enhance the collective pool of social knowledge by simultaneously expanding the extent of human interactions. A broader definition was provided by in a series of lectures and reports from 2006 onwards and in the book Big Mind which proposed a framework for analysing any thinking system, including both human and machine intelligence, in terms of functional elements (observation, prediction, creativity, judgement etc.), learning loops and forms of organisation. The aim was to provide a way to diagnose, and improve, the collective intelligence of a city, business, NGO or parliament. + Collective intelligence strongly contributes to the shift of knowledge and power from the individual to the collective. According to in 1998 and JC Herz in 2005, will eventually generate superior outcomes to knowledge generated by proprietary software developed within corporations. Media theorist sees collective intelligence as an 'alternative source of media power', related to convergence culture. He draws attention to education and the way people are learning to participate in knowledge cultures outside formal learning settings. Henry Jenkins criticizes schools which promote 'autonomous problem solvers and self-contained learners' while remaining hostile to learning through the means of collective intelligence. Both Pierre Lévy and Henry Jenkins support the claim that collective intelligence is important for , as it is interlinked with knowledge-based culture and sustained by collective idea sharing, and thus contributes to a better understanding of diverse society. + Similar to the for general individual intelligence, a new scientific understanding of collective intelligence aims to extract a general collective intelligence factor for groups indicating a group's ability to perform a wide range of tasks. Definition, operationalization and statistical methods are derived from . Similarly as is highly interrelated with the concept of , this measurement of collective intelligence can be interpreted as intelligence quotient for groups (Group-IQ) even though the score is not a quotient per se. Causes for and predictive validity are investigated as well. + Writers who have influenced the idea of collective intelligence include , (1979), Peter Russell (1983), (1993), (1994), (1995), (1995), , Louis Rosenberg, , , (2003), and . + The concept (although not so named) originated in 1785 with the , whose states that if each member of a voting group is more likely than not to make a correct decision, the probability that the highest vote of the group is the correct decision increases with the number of members of the group. Many theorists have interpreted 's statement in the that ""a feast to which many contribute is better than a dinner provided out of a single purse"" to mean that just as many may bring different dishes to the table, so in a deliberation many may contribute different pieces of information to generate a better decision. Recent scholarship, however, suggests that this was probably not what Aristotle meant but is a modern interpretation based on what we now know about team intelligence. + A precursor of the concept is found in entomologist 's observation in 1910 that seemingly independent individuals can cooperate so closely as to become indistinguishable from a single organism. Wheeler saw this collaborative process at work in that acted like the cells of a single beast he called a . + In 1912 identified society as the sole source of human logical thought. He argued in "" "" that society constitutes a higher intelligence because it transcends the individual over space and time. Other antecedents are and 's concept of "" "" and 's concept of "" "". Peter Russell, , and (originator of the term ""conscious evolution"") are inspired by the visions of a noosphere – a transcendent, rapidly evolving collective intelligence – an informational cortex of the planet. The notion has more recently been examined by the philosopher Pierre Lévy. In a 1962 research report, linked collective intelligence to organizational effectiveness, and predicted that pro-actively 'augmenting human intellect' would yield a multiplier effect in group problem solving: ""Three people working together in this augmented mode [would] seem to be more than three times as effective in solving a complex problem as is one augmented person working alone"". In 1994, he coined the term 'collective IQ' as a measure of collective intelligence, to focus attention on the opportunity to significantly raise collective IQ in business and society. + The idea of collective intelligence also forms the framework for contemporary democratic theories often referred to as . Epistemic democratic theories refer to the capacity of the populace, either through deliberation or aggregation of knowledge, to track the truth and relies on mechanisms to synthesize and apply collective intelligence. + Collective intelligence was introduced into the machine learning community in the late 20th century, and matured into a broader consideration of how to design ""collectives"" of self-interested adaptive agents to meet a system-wide goal. This was related to single-agent work on ""reward shaping"" and has been taken forward by numerous researchers in the game theory and engineering communities. + has discussed mass behavior – from the level of quarks to the level of bacterial, plant, animal, and human societies. He stresses the biological adaptations that have turned most of this earth's living beings into components of what he calls ""a learning machine"". In 1986 Bloom combined the concepts of , , , and the superorganism to produce a theory of how collective intelligence works. Later he showed how the collective intelligences of competing bacterial colonies and human societies can be explained in terms of computer-generated "" "" and the "" "", concepts pioneered by . + Bloom traced the evolution of collective intelligence to our bacterial ancestors 1 billion years ago and demonstrated how a multi-species intelligence has worked since the beginning of life. exhibit more intelligence, in terms of technology, than any other animal except for humans and co-operate in keeping livestock, for example for ""milking"". Leaf cutters care for fungi and carry leaves to feed the fungi. + cites the concept of a 'group mind' as being derived from Plato's concept of (that mind or consciousness is omnipresent and exists in all matter). He develops the concept of a 'group mind' as articulated by in ""Leviathan"" and 's arguments for a of mankind. He cites as the most notable advocate of a ""collective consciousness"" and as a thinker who has developed the philosophical implications of the group mind. + Tom Atlee focuses primarily on humans and on work to upgrade what Howard Bloom calls ""the group IQ"". Atlee feels that collective intelligence can be encouraged ""to overcome ' ' and individual in order to allow a collective to cooperate on one process – while achieving enhanced intellectual performance."" George Pór defined the collective intelligence phenomenon as ""the capacity of human communities to evolve towards higher order complexity and harmony, through such innovation mechanisms as differentiation and integration, competition and collaboration."" Atlee and Pór state that ""collective intelligence also involves achieving a single focus of attention and standard of metrics which provide an appropriate threshold of action"". Their approach is rooted in . + The term group intelligence is sometimes used interchangeably with the term collective intelligence. Anita Woolley presents Collective intelligence as a measure of group intelligence and group creativity. The idea is that a measure of collective intelligence covers a broad range of features of the group, mainly group composition and group interaction. The features of composition that lead to increased levels of collective intelligence in groups include criteria such as higher numbers of women in the group as well as increased diversity of the group. + Atlee and Pór suggest that the field of collective intelligence should primarily be seen as a human enterprise in which mind-sets, a willingness to share and an openness to the value of distributed intelligence for the common good are paramount, though group theory and have something to offer. Individuals who respect collective intelligence are confident of their own abilities and recognize that the whole is indeed greater than the sum of any individual parts. Maximizing collective intelligence relies on the ability of an organization to accept and develop ""The Golden Suggestion"", which is any potentially useful input from any member. often hampers collective intelligence by limiting input to a select few individuals or filtering potential Golden Suggestions without fully developing them to implementation. + in portrayed all citizens as ""intelligence minutemen,"" drawing only on legal and ethical sources of information, able to create a ""public intelligence"" that keeps public officials and corporate managers honest, turning the concept of ""national intelligence"" (previously concerned about spies and secrecy) on its head. + According to and , collective intelligence is . In order for this concept to happen, four principles need to exist: + A new scientific understanding of collective intelligence defines it as a group's general ability to perform a wide range of tasks. Definition, operationalization and statistical methods are similar to the . Hereby, an individual's performance on a given set of cognitive tasks is used to measure general cognitive ability indicated by the general intelligence proposed by English psychologist and extracted via . In the same vein as serves to display between-individual performance differences on cognitive tasks, collective intelligence research aims to find a parallel intelligence factor for groups factor' (also called 'collective intelligence factor' ( ) ) displaying between-group differences on task performance. The collective intelligence score then is used to predict how this same group will perform on any other similar task in the future. Yet tasks, hereby, refer to mental or intellectual tasks performed by small groups even though the concept is hoped to be transferable to other performances and any groups or crowds reaching from families to companies and even whole cities. Since individuals' factor scores are highly correlated with full-scale scores, which are in turn regarded as good estimates of , this measurement of collective intelligence can also be seen as an intelligence indicator or quotient respectively for a group (Group-IQ) parallel to an individual's intelligence quotient (IQ) even though the score is not a quotient per se. + Mathematically, and are both variables summarizing positive correlations among different tasks supposing that performance on one task is comparable with performance on other similar tasks. thus is a source of variance among groups and can only be considered as a group's standing on the factor compared to other groups in a given relevant population. The concept is in contrast to competing hypotheses including other correlational structures to explain group intelligence, such as a composition out of several equally important but independent factors as found in . + Besides, this scientific idea also aims to explore the causes affecting collective intelligence, such as group size, collaboration tools or group members' interpersonal skills. The , for instance, announced the detection of as one of its main goals aiming to develop a ""taxonomy of organizational building blocks, or genes, that can be combined and recombined to harness the intelligence of crowds"". + Individual intelligence is shown to be genetically and environmentally influenced. Analogously, collective intelligence research aims to explore reasons why certain groups perform more intelligently than other groups given that is just moderately correlated with the intelligence of individual group members. According to Woolley et al.'s results, neither team cohesion nor motivation or satisfaction is correlated with . However, they claim that three factors were found as significant correlates: the variance in the number of speaking turns, group members' average social sensitivity and the proportion of females. All three had similar predictive power for , but only social sensitivity was statistically significant (b=0.33, P=0.05). + The number speaking turns indicates that ""groups where a few people dominated the conversation were less collectively intelligent than those with a more equal distribution of conversational turn-taking"". Hence, providing multiple team members the chance to speak up made a group more intelligent. + Group members' social sensitivity was measured via the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RME) and correlated .26 with . Hereby, participants are asked to detect thinking or feeling expressed in other peoples' eyes presented on pictures and assessed in a multiple choice format. The test aims to measure peoples' , also called 'mentalizing' or 'mind reading', which refers to the ability to attribute mental states, such as beliefs, desires or intents, to other people and in how far people understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions or perspectives different from their own ones. RME is a ToM test for adults that shows sufficient test-retest reliability and constantly differentiates control groups from individuals with functional or . It is one of the most widely accepted and well-validated tests for ToM within adults. ToM can be regarded as an associated subset of skills and abilities within the broader concept of . + The proportion of females as a predictor of was which is in vein with previous research showing that women score higher on social sensitivity tests. While a , statistically speaking, clarifies the mechanism underlying the relationship between a dependent and an independent variable, Wolley agreed in an interview with the that these findings are saying that groups of women are smarter than groups of men. However, she relativizes this stating that the actual important thing is the high social sensitivity of group members. + It is theorized that the collective intelligence factor is an emergent property resulting from bottom-up as well as top-down processes. Hereby, bottom-up processes cover aggregated group-member characteristics. Top-down processes cover group structures and norms that influence a group's way of collaborating and coordinating. + Top-down processes cover group interaction, such as structures, processes, and norms. An example of such top-down processes is conversational turn-taking. Research further suggest that collectively intelligent groups communicate more in general as well as more equally; same applies for participation and is shown for face-to-face as well as online groups communicating only via writing. + Bottom-up processes include group composition, namely the characteristics of group members which are aggregated to the team level. An example of such bottom-up processes is the average social sensitivity or the average and maximum intelligence scores of group members. Furthermore, collective intelligence was found to be related to a group's cognitive diversity including thinking styles and perspectives. Groups that are moderately diverse in have higher collective intelligence than those who are very similar in cognitive style or very different. Consequently, groups where members are too similar to each other lack the variety of perspectives and skills needed to perform well. On the other hand, groups whose members are too different seem to have difficulties to communicate and coordinate effectively. + For most of human history, collective intelligence was confined to small tribal groups in which opinions were aggregated through real-time parallel interactions among members. In modern times, mass communication, mass media, and networking technologies have enabled collective intelligence to span massive groups, distributed across continents and time-zones. To accommodate this shift in scale, collective intelligence in large-scale groups been dominated by serialized polling processes such as aggregating up-votes, likes, and ratings over time. While modern systems benefit from larger group size, the serialized process has been found to introduce substantial noise that distorts the collective output of the group. In one significant study of serialized collective intelligence, it was found that the first vote contributed to a serialized voting system can distort the final result by 34%. + To address the problems of serialized aggregation of input among large-scale groups, recent advancements collective intelligence have worked to replace serialized votes, polls, and markets, with parallel systems such as "" "" modeled after synchronous swarms in nature. Based on natural process of , these artificial swarms of networked humans enable participants to work together in parallel to answer questions and make predictions as an emergent collective intelligence. In one high-profile example, a human swarm challenge by CBS Interactive to predict the Kentucky Derby. The swarm correctly predicted the first four horses, in order, defying 542–1 odds and turning a $20 bet into $10,800. + The value of parallel collective intelligence was demonstrated in medical applications by researchers at and in a set of published studies wherein groups of human doctors were connected by real-time swarming algorithms and tasked with diagnosing chest x-rays for the presence of pneumonia. When working together as ""human swarms,"" the groups of experienced radiologists demonstrated a 33% reduction in diagnostic errors as compared to traditional methods. + Woolley, Chabris, Pentland, Hashmi, & Malone (2010), the originators of this scientific understanding of collective intelligence, found a single statistical factor for collective intelligence in their research across 192 groups with people randomly recruited from the public. In Woolley et al.'s two initial studies, groups worked together on different tasks from the , a well-established taxonomy of group tasks. Tasks were chosen from all four quadrants of the circumplex and included visual puzzles, brainstorming, making collective moral judgments, and negotiating over limited resources. The results in these tasks were taken to conduct a . Both studies showed support for a general collective intelligence factor underlying differences in group performance with an initial eigenvalue accounting for 43% (44% in study 2) of the variance, whereas the next factor accounted for only 18% (20%). That fits the range normally found in research regarding a typically accounting for 40% to 50% percent of between-individual performance differences on cognitive tests. + Afterwards, a more complex task was solved by each group to determine whether factor scores predict performance on tasks beyond the original test. Criterion tasks were playing against a standardized computer in the first and a complex architectural design task in the second study. In a using both individual intelligence of group members and to predict performance on the criterion tasks, had a significant effect, but average and maximum individual intelligence had not. While average (r=0.15, P=0.04) and maximum intelligence (r=0.19, P=0.008) of individual group members were moderately correlated with , was still a much better predictor of the criterion tasks. According to Woolley et al., this supports the existence of a collective intelligence factor because it demonstrates an effect over and beyond group members' individual intelligence and thus that is more than just the aggregation of the individual IQs or the influence of the group member with the highest IQ. + Engel et al. (2014) replicated Woolley et al.'s findings applying an accelerated battery of tasks with a first factor in the factor analysis explaining 49% of the between-group variance in performance with the following factors explaining less than half of this amount. Moreover, they found a similar result for groups working together online communicating only via text and confirmed the role of female proportion and social sensitivity in causing collective intelligence in both cases. Similarly to Wolley et al., they also measured social sensitivity with the RME which is actually meant to measure people's ability to detect mental states in other peoples' eyes. The online collaborating participants, however, did neither know nor see each other at all. The authors conclude that scores on the RME must be related to a broader set of abilities of social reasoning than only drawing inferences from other people's eye expressions. + A collective intelligence factor in the sense of Woolley et al. was further found in groups of MBA students working together over the course of a semester, in online gaming groups as well as in groups from different cultures and groups in different contexts in terms of short-term versus long-term groups. None of these investigations considered team members' individual intelligence scores as control variables. + Note as well that the field of collective intelligence research is quite young and published empirical evidence is relatively rare yet. However, various proposals and working papers are in progress or already completed but (supposedly) still in a publication process. + Next to predicting a group's performance on more complex criterion tasks as shown in the original experiments, the collective intelligence factor was also found to predict group performance in diverse tasks in MBA classes lasting over several months. Thereby, highly collectively intelligent groups earned significantly higher scores on their group assignments although their members did not do any better on other individually performed assignments. Moreover, highly collective intelligent teams improved performance over time suggesting that more collectively intelligent teams learn better. This is another potential parallel to individual intelligence where more intelligent people are found to acquire new material quicker. + Individual intelligence can be used to predict plenty of life outcomes from school attainment and career success to health outcomes and even mortality. Whether collective intelligence is able to predict other outcomes besides group performance on mental tasks has still to be investigated. + Gladwell (2008) showed that the relationship between individual IQ and success works only to a certain point and that additional IQ points over an estimate of IQ 120 do not translate into real life advantages. If a similar border exists for Group-IQ or if advantages are linear and infinite, has still to be explored. Similarly, demand for further research on possible connections of individual and collective intelligence exists within plenty of other potentially transferable logics of individual intelligence, such as, for instance, the development over time or the question of improving intelligence. Whereas it is controversial whether human intelligence can be enhanced via training, a group's collective intelligence potentially offers simpler opportunities for improvement by exchanging team members or implementing structures and technologies. Moreover, social sensitivity was found to be, at least temporarily, improvable by reading as well as watching drama movies. In how far such training ultimately improves collective intelligence through social sensitivity remains an open question. + There are further more advanced concepts and factor models attempting to explain individual cognitive ability including the categorization of intelligence in or the . Further supplementing explanations and conceptualizations for the factor structure of the of collective intelligence besides a general factor', though, are missing yet. + Other scholars explain team performance by aggregating team members' general intelligence to the team level instead of building an own overall collective intelligence measure. Devine and Philips (2001) showed in a meta-analysis that mean cognitive ability predicts team performance in laboratory settings (0.37) as well as field settings (0.14) – note that this is only a small effect. Suggesting a strong dependence on the relevant tasks, other scholars showed that tasks requiring a high degree of communication and cooperation are found to be most influenced by the team member with the lowest cognitive ability. Tasks in which selecting the best team member is the most successful strategy, are shown to be most influenced by the member with the highest cognitive ability. + Since Woolley et al.'s results do not show any influence of group satisfaction, , or motivation, they, at least implicitly, challenge these concepts regarding the importance for group performance in general and thus contrast meta-analytically proven evidence concerning the positive effects of , motivation and satisfaction on group performance. + Some scholars have noted that the evidence for collective intelligence in the body of work by Wolley et al. is weak and may contain errors or misunderstandings of the data. For example, Woolley et al. stated in their findings that the maximum individual score on the Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT; an individual intelligence test used in their research) was 39, but also that the maximum averaged team score on the same test was also a 39. This indicates that their sample seemingly had a team composed entirely of people who, individually, got exactly the same score on the WPT, and also all happened to all have achieved the highest scores on the WPT found in Woolley et al. This was noted by scholars as particularly unlikely to occur. Other anomalies found in the data indicate that results may be driven in part by low-effort responding. For instance, Woolley et al.'s data indicates that at least one team scored a 0 on a task in which they were given 10 minutes to come up with as many uses for a brick as possible. Similarly, Woolley et al.'s data show that at least one team had an average score of 8 out of 50 on the WPT. Scholars have noted that the probability of this occurring with study participants who are putting forth effort is nearly zero. This may explain why Woolley et al. found that the group's individual intelligence scores were not predictive of performance. In addition, low effort on tasks in human subjects research may inflate evidence for a supposed collective intelligence factor based on similarity of performance across tasks, because a team's low effort on one research task may generalize to low effort across many tasks. It is notable that such a phenomenon is present merely because of the low stakes setting of laboratory research for research participants and not because it reflects how teams operate in organizations. + Noteworthy is also that the involved researchers among the confirming findings widely overlap with each other and with the authors participating in the original first study around Anita Woolley. + On May 3, 2022, the authors of ""Quantifying collective intelligence in human groups"", who include Riedl and Woolley from the original 2010 paper on Collective Intelligence, issued a correction to the article after mathematically impossible findings reported in the article were noted publicly by researcher Marcus Credé. Among the corrections is an admission that the average variance extracted (AVE)--that is to say, the evidence for collective intelligence—was only 19.6% from their Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Notable is that an AVE of at least 50% is generally required to demonstrate evidence for convergent validity of a single factor, with greater than 70% generally indicating good evidence for the factor. Therefore, the evidence for collective intelligence referred to as ""robust"" in Riedl et al. is in fact quite weak or nonexistent, as their primary evidence does not meet or near even the lowest thresholds of acceptable evidence for a latent factor. Curiously, despite this and several other factual inaccuracies found throughout the article, the paper has not been retracted, and these inaccuracies were apparently not originally detected by the author team, peer reviewers, or editors of the journal. + In 2001, Tadeusz (Tad) Szuba from the in Poland proposed a formal model for the phenomenon of collective intelligence. It is assumed to be an unconscious, random, parallel, and distributed computational process, run in mathematical logic by the social structure. + In this model, beings and information are modeled as abstract information molecules carrying expressions of mathematical logic. They are quasi-randomly displacing due to their interaction with their environments with their intended displacements. Their interaction in abstract computational space creates multi-thread inference process which we perceive as collective intelligence. Thus, a non- model of computation is used. This theory allows simple formal definition of collective intelligence as the property of and seems to be working well for a wide spectrum of beings, from bacterial colonies up to human social structures. Collective intelligence considered as a specific computational process is providing a straightforward explanation of several social phenomena. For this model of collective intelligence, the formal definition of IQS (IQ Social) was proposed and was defined as ""the probability function over the time and domain of N-element inferences which are reflecting inference activity of the social structure"". While IQS seems to be computationally hard, modeling of social structure in terms of a computational process as described above gives a chance for approximation. Prospective applications are optimization of companies through the maximization of their IQS, and the analysis of drug resistance against collective intelligence of bacterial colonies. + One measure sometimes applied, especially by more artificial intelligence focused theorists, is a ""collective intelligence quotient"" (or ""cooperation quotient"") – which can be normalized from the ""individual"" (IQ) – thus making it possible to determine the marginal intelligence added by each new individual participating in the , thus using to avoid the hazards of and . + There have been many recent applications of collective intelligence, including in fields such as crowd-sourcing, citizen science and prediction markets. The Nesta Centre for Collective Intelligence Design was launched in 2018 and has produced many surveys of applications as well as funding experiments. In 2020 the UNDP Accelerator Labs began using collective intelligence methods in their work to accelerate innovation for the . + Here, the goal is to get an estimate (in a single value) of something. For example, estimating the weight of an object, or the release date of a product or probability of success of a project etc. as seen in prediction markets like Intrade, HSX or InklingMarkets and also in several implementations of crowdsourced estimation of a numeric outcome such as the . Essentially, we try to get the average value of the estimates provided by the members in the crowd. + In this situation, opinions are gathered from the crowd regarding an idea, issue or product. For example, trying to get a rating (on some scale) of a product sold online (such as Amazon's star rating system). Here, the emphasis is to collect and simply aggregate the ratings provided by customers/users. + In these problems, someone solicits ideas for projects, designs or solutions from the crowd. For example, ideas on solving a problem (as in ) or getting a good design for a T-shirt (as in ) or in getting answers to simple problems that only humans can do well (as in Amazon's Mechanical Turk). The objective is to gather the ideas and devise some selection criteria to choose the best ideas. + divides the advantages of disorganized decision-making into three main categories, which are cognition, cooperation and coordination. + Because of the Internet's ability to rapidly convey large amounts of information throughout the world, the use of collective intelligence to predict stock prices and stock price direction has become increasingly viable. Websites aggregate stock market information that is as current as possible so professional or amateur stock analysts can publish their viewpoints, enabling amateur investors to submit their financial opinions and create an aggregate opinion. The opinion of all investor can be weighed equally so that a pivotal premise of the effective application of collective intelligence can be applied: the masses, including a broad spectrum of stock market expertise, can be utilized to more accurately predict the behavior of financial markets. + Collective intelligence underpins the of – although the term collective intelligence is not used explicitly in his paper. Fama cites research conducted by in which 89 out of 115 selected funds underperformed relative to the index during the period from 1955 to 1964. But after removing the loading charge (up-front fee) only 72 underperformed while after removing brokerage costs only 58 underperformed. On the basis of such evidence became popular investment vehicles using the collective intelligence of the market, rather than the judgement of professional fund managers, as an investment strategy. + Political parties mobilize large numbers of people to form policy, select candidates and finance and run election campaigns. Knowledge focusing through various methods allows perspectives to converge through the assumption that uninformed voting is to some degree random and can be filtered from the decision process leaving only a residue of informed consensus. Critics point out that often bad ideas, misunderstandings, and misconceptions are widely held, and that structuring of the decision process must favor experts who are presumably less prone to random or misinformed voting in a given context. + Companies such as Affinnova (acquired by Nielsen), , , , and have successfully employed the concept of collective intelligence in bringing about the next generation of technological changes through their research and development (R&D), customer service, and knowledge management. An example of such application is Google's Project Aristotle in 2012, where the effect of collective intelligence on team makeup was examined in hundreds of the company's R&D teams. + In 2012, the (GFIS) was created by , which epitomizes collective intelligence as the synergistic intersection among data/information/knowledge, software/hardware, and expertise/insights that has a recursive learning process for better decision-making than the individual players alone. + are often associated with the promotion and enhancement of collective intelligence. The ability of new media to easily store and retrieve information, predominantly through databases and the Internet, allows for it to be shared without difficulty. Thus, through interaction with new media, knowledge easily passes between sources resulting in a form of collective intelligence. The use of interactive new media, particularly the internet, promotes online interaction and this distribution of knowledge between users. + , , and Gottfried Mayer-Kress are among those who view collective intelligence through the lens of computer science and . In their view, the Internet enables collective intelligence at the widest, planetary scale, thus facilitating the emergence of a . + The developer of the World Wide Web, , aimed to promote sharing and publishing of information globally. Later his employer opened up the technology for free use. In the early '90s, the Internet's potential was still untapped, until the mid-1990s when 'critical mass', as termed by the head of the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA), Dr. , demanded more accessibility and utility. The driving force of this Internet-based collective intelligence is the digitization of information and communication. , a key theorist of new media and media convergence draws on the theory that collective intelligence can be attributed to media convergence and participatory culture. He criticizes contemporary education for failing to incorporate online trends of collective problem solving into the classroom, stating ""whereas a collective intelligence community encourages ownership of work as a group, schools grade individuals"". Jenkins argues that interaction within a knowledge community builds vital skills for young people, and teamwork through collective intelligence communities contribute to the development of such skills. Collective intelligence is not merely a quantitative contribution of information from all cultures, it is also qualitative. + and consider CI from a mass communications perspective, focusing on the ability of networked information and communication technologies to enhance the community knowledge pool. They suggest that these communications tools enable humans to interact and to share and collaborate with both ease and speed. With the development of the and its widespread use, the opportunity to contribute to knowledge-building communities, such as , is greater than ever before. These computer networks give participating users the opportunity to store and to retrieve knowledge through the collective access to these databases and allow them to ""harness the hive"" Researchers at the research and explore collective intelligence of groups of people and computers. + In this context collective intelligence is often confused with . The former is the sum total of information held individually by members of a community while the latter is information that is believed to be true and known by all members of the community. Collective intelligence as represented by has less user engagement than . An art project using Web 2.0 platforms is ""Shared Galaxy"", an experiment developed by an anonymous artist to create a collective identity that shows up as one person on several platforms like MySpace, Facebook, YouTube and Second Life. The password is written in the profiles and the accounts named ""Shared Galaxy"" are open to be used by anyone. In this way many take part in being one. Another art project using collective intelligence to produce artistic work is Curatron, where a large group of artists together decides on a smaller group that they think would make a good collaborative group. The process is used based on an algorithm computing the collective preferences In creating what he calls 'CI-Art', Nova Scotia based artist Mathew Aldred follows Pierry Lévy's definition of collective intelligence. Aldred's CI-Art event in March 2016 involved over four hundred people from the community of Oxford, Nova Scotia, and internationally. Later work developed by Aldred used the UNU system to create digital drawings and paintings. The Oxford Riverside Gallery (Nova Scotia) held a public CI-Art event in May 2016, which connected with online participants internationally. + In (also called collaborative tagging), users assign tags to resources shared with other users, which gives rise to a type of information organisation that emerges from this process. The resulting information structure can be seen as reflecting the collective knowledge (or collective intelligence) of a community of users and is commonly called a "" "", and the process can be captured by . + Recent research using data from the social bookmarking website , has shown that collaborative tagging systems exhibit a form of (or ) dynamics. Although there is no central controlled vocabulary to constrain the actions of individual users, the distributions of tags that describe different resources has been shown to converge over time to a stable distributions. Once such stable distributions form, examining the between different tags can be used to construct simple folksonomy graphs, which can be efficiently partitioned to obtained a form of community or shared vocabularies. Such vocabularies can be seen as a form of collective intelligence, emerging from the decentralised actions of a community of users. The Wall-it Project is also an example of social bookmarking. + Research performed by Tapscott and Williams has provided a few examples of the benefits of collective intelligence to business: + Cultural theorist and online community developer, John Banks considered the contribution of online fan communities in the creation of the product. He argued that its commercial success was fundamentally dependent upon ""the formation and growth of an active and vibrant online fan community that would both actively promote the product and create content- extensions and additions to the game software"". + The increase in user created content and interactivity gives rise to issues of control over the game itself and ownership of the player-created content. This gives rise to fundamental legal issues, highlighted by Lessig and Bray and Konsynski, such as and property ownership rights. + Gosney extends this issue of Collective Intelligence in videogames one step further in his discussion of . This genre, he describes as an ""across-media game that deliberately blurs the line between the in-game and out-of-game experiences"" as events that happen outside the game reality ""reach out"" into the player's lives in order to bring them together. Solving the game requires ""the collective and collaborative efforts of multiple players""; thus the issue of collective and collaborative team play is essential to ARG. Gosney argues that the Alternate Reality genre of gaming dictates an unprecedented level of collaboration and ""collective intelligence"" in order to solve the mystery of the game. + Co-operation helps to solve most important and most interesting multi-science problems. In his book, James Surowiecki mentioned that most scientists think that benefits of co-operation have much more value when compared to potential costs. Co-operation works also because at best it guarantees number of different viewpoints. Because of the possibilities of technology global co-operation is nowadays much easier and productive than before. It is clear that, when co-operation goes from university level to global it has significant benefits. + For example, why do scientists co-operate? Science has become more and more isolated and each science field has spread even more and it is impossible for one person to be aware of all developments. This is true especially in experimental research where highly advanced equipment requires special skills. With co-operation scientists can use information from different fields and use it effectively instead of gathering all the information just by reading by themselves."" + Military, trade unions, and corporations satisfy some definitions of CI – the most rigorous definition would require a capacity to respond to very arbitrary conditions without orders or guidance from ""law"" or ""customers"" to constrain actions. Online advertising companies are using collective intelligence to bypass traditional marketing and creative agencies. + The open platform for ""human swarming"" (or ""social swarming"") establishes real-time closed-loop systems around groups of networked users molded after biological swarms, enabling human participants to behave as a unified collective intelligence. When connected to UNU, groups of distributed users collectively answer questions and make predictions in real-time. Early testing shows that human swarms can out-predict individuals. In 2016, an UNU swarm was challenged by a reporter to predict the winners of the Kentucky Derby, and successfully picked the first four horses, in order, beating 540 to 1 odds. + Specialized information sites such as Digital Photography Review or Camera Labs is an example of collective intelligence. Anyone who has an access to the internet can contribute to distributing their knowledge over the world through the specialized information sites. + In a group of users marshal resources to create an ecology that meets their needs often (but not only) in relation to the co-configuration, co-creation and co-design of a particular learning space that allows learners to create their own context. Learner-generated contexts represent an community that facilitates coordination of collective action in a network of trust. An example of learner-generated context is found on the Internet when collaborative users pool knowledge in a ""shared intelligence space"". As the Internet has developed so has the concept of CI as a shared public forum. The global accessibility and availability of the Internet has allowed more people than ever to contribute and access ideas. + Games such as Series, and are designed to be non-linear and to depend on collective intelligence for expansion. This way of sharing is gradually evolving and influencing the mindset of the current and future generations. For them, collective intelligence has become a norm. In Terry Flew's discussion of ' ' in the online games environment, the ongoing interactive dialogue between users and game developers, he refers to Pierre Lévy's concept of Collective Intelligence and argues this is active in videogames as clans or guilds in constantly work to achieve goals. proposes that the participatory cultures emerging between games producers, media companies, and the end-users mark a fundamental shift in the nature of media production and consumption. Jenkins argues that this new participatory culture arises at the intersection of three broad new media trends. Firstly, the development of new media tools/technologies enabling the creation of content. Secondly, the rise of subcultures promoting such creations, and lastly, the growth of value adding media conglomerates, which foster image, idea and narrative flow. + Improvisational actors also experience a type of collective intelligence which they term ""group mind"", as theatrical improvisation relies on mutual cooperation and agreement, leading to the unity of ""group mind"". + Growth of the Internet and mobile telecom has also produced ""swarming"" or ""rendezvous"" events that enable meetings or even dates on demand. The full impact has yet to be felt but the , for example, relies heavily on e-mail, cell phones, pagers, SMS and other means of organizing. The organization does this in a more journalistic way. Such resources could combine into a form of collective intelligence accountable only to the current participants yet with some strong moral or linguistic guidance from generations of contributors – or even take on a more obviously democratic form to advance shared goal. + A further application of collective intelligence is found in the ""Community Engineering for Innovations"". In such an integrated framework proposed by Ebner et al., idea competitions and virtual communities are combined to better realize the potential of the collective intelligence of the participants, particularly in open-source R&D. In management theory the use of collective intelligence and crowd sourcing leads to innovations and very robust answers to quantitative issues. Therefore, collective intelligence and crowd sourcing is not necessarily leading to the best solution to economic problems, but to a stable, good solution. + Collective actions or tasks require different amounts of coordination depending on the complexity of the task. Tasks vary from being highly independent simple tasks that require very little coordination to complex interdependent tasks that are built by many individuals and require a lot of coordination. In the article written by Kittur, Lee and Kraut the writers introduce a problem in cooperation: ""When tasks require high coordination because the work is highly interdependent, having more contributors can increase process losses, reducing the effectiveness of the group below what individual members could optimally accomplish"". Having a team too large the overall effectiveness may suffer even when the extra contributors increase the resources. In the end the overall costs from coordination might overwhelm other costs. + Group collective intelligence is a property that emerges through coordination from both bottom-up and top-down processes. In a bottom-up process the different characteristics of each member are involved in contributing and enhancing coordination. Top-down processes are more strict and fixed with norms, group structures and routines that in their own way enhance the group's collective work. + Tom Atlee reflects that, although humans have an innate ability to gather and analyze data, they are affected by culture, education and social institutions. A single person tends to make decisions motivated by self-preservation. Therefore, without collective intelligence, humans may drive themselves into extinction based on their selfish needs. + Phillip Brown and Hugh Lauder quotes Bowles and (1976) that in order to truly define collective intelligence, it is crucial to separate 'intelligence' from IQism. They go on to argue that intelligence is an achievement and can only be developed if allowed to. For example, earlier on, groups from the lower levels of society are severely restricted from aggregating and pooling their intelligence. This is because the elites fear that the collective intelligence would convince the people to rebel. If there is no such capacity and relations, there would be no infrastructure on which collective intelligence is built. This reflects how powerful collective intelligence can be if left to develop. + Skeptics, especially those critical of artificial intelligence and more inclined to believe that risk of and bodily action are the basis of all unity between people, are more likely to emphasize the capacity of a group to take action and withstand harm as one fluid , shrugging off harms the way a body shrugs off the loss of a few cells. This train of thought is most obvious in the and characterized by the works of , , and , who typically shun academics. These theorists are more likely to refer to ecological and and to the role of in making ontological distinctions than to any form of ""intelligence"" as such, which they often argue does not exist, or is mere ""cleverness"". + Harsh critics of artificial intelligence on ethical grounds are likely to promote collective wisdom-building methods, such as the and the . Whether these can be said to be collective intelligence systems is an open question. Some, e.g. , simply wish to avoid any form of autonomous artificial intelligence and seem willing to work on rigorous collective intelligence in order to remove any possible niche for AI. + In contrast to these views, companies such as and are using collective intelligence and or to collect the enormous amounts of data for algorithms.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CI_types1s_2.jpg/300px-CI_types1s_2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/World_Brain_HG_Wells_1938.jpg/220px-World_Brain_HG_Wells_1938.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Complex_adaptive_system.gif/220px-Complex_adaptive_system.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mass_collaboration.jpg/220px-Mass_collaboration.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Scree_plot_showing_percent_of_explained_variance_for_the_first_five_factors_in_Woolley_et_al.%27s_%282010%29_two_original_studies_as_well_as_the_individual_intelligence_test_for_all_participants_%28assessed_with_Wonderlic_Personnel_Test%29.png/220px-thumbnail.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Causes_for_c.png/220px-Causes_for_c.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Standardized_Regression_Coefficients.png/220px-Standardized_Regression_Coefficients.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Computational_collective_intelligence.jpg/220px-Computational_collective_intelligence.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/U.S._states_%28and_territories%29_by_election_methods%2C_2016.svg/220px-U.S._states_%28and_territories%29_by_election_methods%2C_2016.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Application_of_collective_intelligence_in_Millennium_Project.png/220px-Application_of_collective_intelligence_in_Millennium_Project.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Collaborative_tagging.png/220px-Collaborative_tagging.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Improvisational_actors.jpg/220px-Improvisational_actors.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Auklet_flock_Shumagins_1986.jpg/140px-Auklet_flock_Shumagins_1986.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_intelligence
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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1940s black comedy films - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1940s_black_comedy_films
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Periodization - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Periodization
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates - Wikipedia,"If you do not find what you are looking for in here, try the parent category or one of its other subcategories. The distinction between these categories is unclear, and this one may need to up-merge. This category has the following 47 subcategories, out of 47 total. + The following 129 pages are in this category, out of 129 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_formatting_and_function_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All articles with a promotional tone - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 22,623 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_a_promotional_tone
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category contains – those defined in terms of a particular Wikipedia maintenance task or other Wikipedia-specific matter, such as stub-sorting, copy-editing, spam-fighting, template-coding, or bot-organizing, rather than a proper encyclopedic subject area, such as . +If your project deals with a particular content area, such as art, culture, environment, geography, history, humanities, science, society, sports and games, technology, or travel, please place it in this category. Instead, please place all such WikiProjects in the appropriate subcategory of . +The projects are presented in two sections: ""Subcategories"" and ""Pages in category 'Wikipedia WikiProjects.'"" + This category has the following 119 subcategories, out of 119 total. + The following 94 pages are in this category, out of 94 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Scheduled Tasks - Wikipedia,"aims to make a list of tasks that are to be done in future. The primary targeted tasks are related to Wikipedia articles. We know there are many articles in Wikipedia where some portions of the content are needed to be rewritten after a certain date/ time. For example which needs to be after that date. Or should be changed to Or after the film's release. + Go to and find the correct month and add your task. Copy paste the code below to create a new date's subsection: + ==== Date Month ==== + ===== Task title ===== +[[Example|Article title]]: Task to be done. --~~~~ +===== Status ===== + +<!--Write ""Done"" or ""Accomplished"" when it is done and add your signature.--> : The film will release on 14 June. The portion needs to be moved from to the above section ""Career in Bollywood"" and a part of the section should be rewritten from ""future"" to ""past"" eg. to -- ( ) 04:23, 5 May 2013 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/45px-People_icon_dead.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Calendrier.svg/220px-Calendrier.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Scheduled_Tasks
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia collaborations - Wikipedia,"This contains pages – pages set up to allow many people to focus their attention on one or more articles, in order to rapidly improve them. +For a related set of pages intended to coordinate work on a particular topic, see . Inactive collaborations are listed at . + This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total. + The following 165 pages are in this category, out of 165 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_collaborations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with self-published sources from December 2021 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles with self-published sources from December 2021 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + +To add an article to this category add to the article. If you omit the date a will add it for you at some point. The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_self-published_sources_from_December_2021
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter - Wikipedia,"This category contains pages which use embedded infobox templates which include ""title"" as a parameter in either the infobox, or in a template called by the infobox. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 5,507 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lua-Logo.svg/32px-Lua-Logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lua-Logo.svg/32px-Lua-Logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_embedded_infobox_templates_with_the_title_parameter?from=Je
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1940s comedy-drama films - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1940s_comedy-drama_films
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Historiography - Wikipedia,"refers to both the study of the of and the development of "" "" as a discipline, and also to a body of historical work on a particular subject. + This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 136 pages are in this category, out of 136 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Historiography
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:Xxxx-larger block - Wikipedia,"This template renders one or more blocks of text in the respective smaller or larger font. + e.g. +{{Xxxx-larger block|{{lorem ipsum}}}} +yields + To modify the size of a few words within a block of text, use the appropriate template (<span>)—this will modify the span without breaking up the text, and without interfering in block-level properties like line spacing.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Xxxx-larger_block
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Monthly clean-up category (Articles with a promotional tone) counter - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 182 subcategories, out of 182 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Monthly_clean-up_category_(Articles_with_a_promotional_tone)_counter
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Sweep - Wikipedia,"Welcome to ! This collaboration aims to comprehensively review every article created in Wikipedia's early days to ensure basic conformity to modern standards. This page and its subpages aim to facilitate collaboration around this goal. If you'd like to help us, please to the project, inquire on the , and see the for things to do. Thanks for helping us clean up old articles! + In Wikipedia's early days (very roughly prior to 2010), there were few and ill-defined notability and sourcing standards, leading to the creation of many pages that, by today's standards, should not exist or need extensive cleanup. However, because many of them are on very obscure subjects with few pageviews, they have avoided deletion or tagging with maintenance templates to alert readers about their issues. Under our prior ad hoc approach, we were unable to know how many undiscovered non-notable or otherwise deficient pages remained. + In response to this problem, was made in November 2020, and this project was launched in March 2021. + Articles swept: + Add your name to the list at:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/45px-People_icon_dead.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/100px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/45px-People_icon_dead.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pictogram_voting_wait_orange.svg/18px-Pictogram_voting_wait_orange.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/20px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Book_icoline.svg/20px-Book_icoline.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gnome-applications-graphics.svg/20px-Gnome-applications-graphics.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/20px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/20px-System-users.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tango_atom.svg/20px-Tango_atom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg/20px-Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sweep
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Counter categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 197 subcategories, out of 197 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Counter_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Defunct WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 277 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Defunct_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Monthly clean-up category (Wikipedia usernames with possible policy issues) counter - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 23 subcategories, out of 23 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Monthly_clean-up_category_(Wikipedia_usernames_with_possible_policy_issues)_counter
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Women in Music/Collaboration of the Month - Wikipedia,"Welcome to the Collaboration of the Month! + For historical nominations and more detailed information, please see the . + + The WikiProject Women in Music Collaboration of the Month is active since 2023. It was simply to attract more eyes to articles in need of attention. The intent is not simply to work on Good Articles, but also to work on articles that have had Good status revoked, or that are in need. The articles can be musician pages, band pages, discography lists, or perhaps category based tasks. + Please state the type of attention that you believe your nominee requires, and what the aim is. + + Any person can nominate any article that's in the scope of alternative rock for attention from the . Whether the article is currently a Good Article or in an advanced state of disrepair shouldn't matter, as the end result of seven days of work on the article will advance the cause as a whole. + Enter the name of the page, and date it (five tildes). Add yourself as a supporter of the article being nominated if you wish, and date it (four tildes). Please add new nominations at the . + {{ }}",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Women_in_Music/Collaboration_of_the_Month
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Clean-up categories from December 2021 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all clean-up categories from December 2021 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + This category has the following 122 subcategories, out of 122 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Clean-up_categories_from_December_2021
+en.wikipedia.org,KHBS - Wikipedia,"(channel 40) is a in , United States, affiliated with and . It is simulcast full-time over (channel 29) in . Owned by and jointly branded as , the two stations maintain studios on Ajax Avenue in , with a secondary studio and on North Albert Pike Avenue/North 42nd Street (south of Kelley Highway) in Fort Smith. KHBS' transmitter is located on in northwestern (northwest of ), while KHOG-TV's transmitter is based near Ed Edwards Road in rural northeastern , just southeast of the Fayetteville city limits. + KHOG-TV relays KHBS' programming to areas of and southwestern that are not covered by the primary station's signal. During the analog era, the Fort Smith–Fayetteville 's size and terrain precluded stations with transmitters closer to Fort Smith from reaching northern portions of the market. + Channel 40 began as KFPW-TV on July 28, 1971. It was owned by local businessman Bob Hernreich along with (1230 AM). The station was a primary affiliate with a secondary ABC affiliation. Before channel 40's arrival, all three networks had been shoehorned on primary affiliate KFSA-TV (channel 5, now CBS affiliate ). + KFPW-TV found the going difficult against channel 5 largely because of the difficulties experienced by UHF stations operating in rugged terrain. Most seriously, it was all but unviewable in Fayetteville and the surrounding area—a problem exacerbated by its transmitter being located in Oklahoma. Many viewers in the northern part of the market watched CBS on KTVJ in (now NBC affiliate ). + A solution came in the form of the license for , which had served Fayetteville as a primary NBC and secondary CBS affiliate on channel 36 from February 8, 1969, to December 23, 1973. Hernreich's father, George, had actually bought KGTO in 1973 with the intent of turning it into a satellite of KFPW-TV, but concerns by the (FCC) about Heinreich's operation of in delayed final FCC approval for the purchase until 1976. Further delays came when severe damage to KGTO's transmitter, as well as a series of thefts, required building a completely new transmitter. In order to save money and return the station to the air, Hernreich moved the station's license to channel 29. The station finally went on the air on December 8, 1977, as KTVP, a full-time satellite of KFPW-TV. + In 1983, the Hernreich family sold off its radio stations, KFPW and KXXI-FM. The Hernreichs changed channel 40's call letters to KHBS (for Hernreich Broadcasting System) on March 21. Two years later, in 1985, Bob Hernreich bought a stake in Sigma Broadcasting (becoming its chairman and CEO in 1989), merging KHBS and KTVP into Sigma. On September 1, 1987, KTVP became KHOG-TV—a nod to the , who are often called ""the Hogs"". Argyle Television bought the stations in 1996. A year later, Argyle merged with Hearst. In October 2007, KHBS and KHOG-TV moved their operations to new, state of the art studios in Rogers. + (branded as ) is the -affiliated second of KHBS and KHOG, broadcasting in on channel 40.2 in Fort Smith and channel 29.2 in Fayetteville. All programming on KHBS-DT2/KHOG-DT2 is received through The CW's programming feed for smaller media markets, , which provides a set schedule of syndicated programming acquired by The CW during time periods without network programs; however, Hearst Television handles local advertising and promotional services for the subchannel. + KHBS-DT2's history traces back to the September 18, 2006, launch of a cable-only affiliate of The CW—a network created as a joint venture between and the division of , as a consolidation of and that initially featured programs from its two predecessor networks as well as new series specifically produced for The CW. —that was managed, promoted and had its advertising sales handled by local cable provider , alongside the launch of The CW Plus, a national service that was created to provide broad coverage of The CW to smaller areas with a market ranking above #100 and was affiliated via local origination channels managed by cable providers or local television stations and primary or subchannel-only affiliations with broadcast stations. The channel—which was branded on-air as ""KCWA"" (for ""The CW Arkansas""), an unofficial assigned by Cox as it was a cable-exclusive outlet not licensed by the FCC—was one of the few cable-only CW Plus affiliates to have signed on at the network's launch. (The predecessor service operated by The WB, , was affiliated with -licensed [channel 31, now a owned-and-operated station], since 2001; in most markets where The CW Plus was initially available via cable, the successor cable-only CW Plus outlet usually was a former affiliate of The WB 100+.) + On April 9, 2008, in a joint announcement by the network and KHBS/KHOG's parent company, Hearst-Argyle Television announced that it would launch a CW-affiliated digital subchannel on the DT2 feeds of KHBS and KHOG to relay the network's programming throughout the Fort Smith–Fayetteville market. Hearst-Argyle assumed promotional and advertising control of ""KCWA""—which had its former ""CW Arkansas"" branding retained in the over-the-air transition—from Cox Communications with the subsequent sign-on of KHBS/KHOG's CW subchannels, and converted the cable-only affiliate into an over-the-air digital feed on KHBS-DT 40.2 and KHOG-DT 29.2 to provide The CW's programming to viewers throughout Northwest Arkansas who do not subscribe to cable television. KHBS-DT2/KHOG-DT2 signed on as an affiliate of The CW (via The CW Plus) on April 28, 2008, assuming ""KCWA"" s former channel slot on Cox basic cable channel 4 (a high definition feed of the channel was also provided to Cox subscribers on channel 2004). On June 15, 2012, KHBS/KHOG upgraded ""The Arkansas CW"" subchannel to high definition, providing over-the-air access to HD content from The CW in the Fort Smith–Fayetteville market for the first time. + (branded as ) is the -affiliated third digital subchannel of KHBS and KHOG, broadcasting in standard definition on channel 40.3 in Fort Smith and channel 29.3 in Fayetteville. In addition to carrying MeTV programming, KHBS-DT3/KHOG-DT3 is also designated as an alternate ABC affiliate, and carries network (and occasionally, syndicated) programs that KHBS/KHOG must preempt to carry extended breaking news or severe weather coverage or special event programming on its main channel. + KHBS/KHOG launched a digital subchannel on virtual channels 40.3 and 29.3 on January 2, 2017, to serve as an affiliate of the classic television network MeTV, under an extension of an affiliation agreement between Hearst and MeTV parent . On August 28, 2017, KHBS-DT3/KHOG-DT3 switched to a 16:9 widescreen standard definition format; prior to the upgrade, ABC and syndicated programs presented in widescreen were transmitted on the subchannel in a horizontally compressed format to fit the subchannel's 4:3 aspect frame. + KHBS/KHOG currently broadcasts the complete ABC network schedule, although it does not clear the that airs during programming in order to run additional local advertising. The station airs the block on a one-hour delay from its ""live feed"" due to the third hour of its Saturday morning newscast, although midday games carried by ABC during the fall may subject programs normally aired on Saturdays in the 11 a.m. hour to be deferred to Sunday mornings to fulfill educational programming obligations. + The station may preempt some ABC programs in order to air long-form or coverage, or occasional specials produced by KHBS/KHOG's news department. However, , which was part of the now-defunct block until August 28, 2010, was preempted by the station, and most of the other Hearst-owned ABC affiliates of the time, for lacking content. As well, in 2004, KHBS and the other Hearst-owned ABC affiliates ran instead of an unedited broadcast of . + ABC shows preempted or otherwise interrupted by such content may either be rebroadcast on over KHBS/KHOG's main channel in place of regular overnight programs or diverted to its DT3 subchannel in place of MeTV programming. Station personnel also gives viewers who subscribe to , , and other pay television providers within the KHBS/KHOG viewing area that do not carry its DT3 feed the option of watching the affected shows on ABC's desktop and mobile streaming platforms or its cable/satellite service the day after their initial airing. + As of September 2017 , KHBS/KHOG presently broadcasts hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with five hours each weekday, three hours on Saturdays, and hours on Sundays). In addition, the station produces hours of locally produced newscasts each week for its CW-affiliated DT2 subchannel (with 1½ hours on weekdays, and one hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). The station may also simulcast long-form severe weather coverage on KHBS-DT2/KHOG-DT2 in the event that a is issued for any county in its viewing area within northwest Arkansas and . + On April 18, 2011, KHBS/KHOG expanded its weekday morning newscast , to hours from 4:30 to 7 a.m., becoming one of the smallest stations in terms of market size to extend its morning newscast to a 4:30 a.m. start time. On September 13, 2011, the stations became the first in the Fort Smith–Fayetteville television market to begin broadcasting its newscasts in 16:9 widescreen . The station is currently broadcast in full high definition. + On August 20, 2012, KHBS/KHOG debuted a half-hour prime time newscast at 9 p.m. for its DT2 subchannel, titled . The nightly program – which airs in place of syndicated programs shown on The CW Plus's national feed during that slot. + An additional news expansion on ""The Arkansas CW"" took place on September 6, 2016, when KHBS/KHOG began producing a half-hour 7 a.m. extension of its weekday morning show for the subchannel, under the title . The program features the same team that anchors . The newscast expanded to a full hour on September 11, 2017. The following year, on September 23, 2017, the station began producing a half-hour Saturday and Sunday edition of its 5 p.m. newscast for KHBS-DT2/KHOG-DT2. + The stations' signals are : + Both stations discontinued regular programming on their analog signals, respectively on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States under federal mandate. The station's digital channel allocations post-transition are as follows:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/90/ABC4029Logo.jpg/150px-ABC4029Logo.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Arkansas_CW_2024.svg/140px-Arkansas_CW_2024.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c1/MeTV_KMYA.png/140px-MeTV_KMYA.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/32px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Hearst_logo.svg/100px-Hearst_logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KHBS
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Comedy-drama films by decade - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Comedy-drama_films_by_decade
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Social science methodology - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Social_science_methodology
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:Xxxx-larger block/doc - Wikipedia,"This template renders one or more blocks of text in the respective smaller or larger font. + e.g. +{{Xxxx-larger block|{{lorem ipsum}}}} +yields + To modify the size of a few words within a block of text, use the appropriate template (<span>)—this will modify the span without breaking up the text, and without interfering in block-level properties like line spacing.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Edit-copy_green.svg/40px-Edit-copy_green.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Xxxx-larger_block/doc
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with a promotional tone from May 2024 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles with a promotional tone from May 2024 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . The following 82 pages are in this category, out of 82 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_a_promotional_tone_from_May_2024
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Monthly clean-up category (Wikipedia templates needing cleanup) counter - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Monthly_clean-up_category_(Wikipedia_templates_needing_cleanup)_counter
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Secret Societies - Wikipedia,"Welcome to the ! Some have formed a to better organize information in articles related to . This page and its subpages contain their suggestions; it is hoped that this project will help to focus the efforts of other Wikipedians. If you would like to help, please inquire on the and see the there. + For more information on WikiProjects, please see and . + At least three reference sources directly relating to this topic exist. They should prove useful to anyone seeking to create and/or develop content related to these subjects. + Similar to the , but on a smaller scale, you might want to ""adopt"" an article. This would involve doing the research, writing, and picture-taking (if possible) for either a non-existent article or a stub. Of course, everyone else can still edit an adopted article, and you can work on other things too, but the idea is to find a focus for a while, to try and build up the number of quality articles the Project has produced. + + Please feel free to list your new Secret Societies-related articles here (newer articles at the top, please). Any new articles that have an interesting or unusual fact in them should be suggested for the box on the Wikipedia page. DYN has a 72 hr. time limit from the creation of the article.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/45px-People_icon_dead.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bonesmen_clock.jpg/220px-Bonesmen_clock.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Secret_Societies
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:Women in Music/Collaboration of the Month Past - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Irving_Ramsay_Wiles_-_The_Sonata_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/48px-Irving_Ramsay_Wiles_-_The_Sonata_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Women_in_Music/Collaboration_of_the_Month_Past
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Clean-up categories from 2021 - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Clean-up_categories_from_2021
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2017 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2017 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . +Articles in this category contain originating from September 2017. The statements may need to be updated, removed or edited for perspective. Articles containing older statements are more likely to be dated. This is a backlog; not all articles in this category will need updating at this point in time. + Use to mark all individual statements that may become dated, this will automatically add them to the appropriate categories. Wherever possible, use to mark exactly when statements will need updating in addition to using . + The following 117 pages are in this category, out of 117 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_September_2017
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Films by decade - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 113 subcategories, out of 113 total. + The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Films_by_decade
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Social sciences - Wikipedia,"The are academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of groups and individuals including , , , , , , , and . The social sciences consist of the of the aspects of the world. + This category has the following 49 subcategories, out of 49 total. + The following 60 pages are in this category, out of 60 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Social_sciences
+en.wikipedia.org,Template talk:Xxxx-larger block/doc - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Xxxx-larger_block/doc
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Clean-up categories from May 2024 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all clean-up categories from May 2024 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + This category has the following 193 subcategories, out of 193 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Clean-up_categories_from_May_2024
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia templates needing cleanup from May 2024 - Wikipedia,This category combines all Wikipedia templates needing cleanup from May 2024 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of .,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_templates_needing_cleanup_from_May_2024
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Secret Societies - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Secret_Societies
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:WikiProject Women in Music - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Template-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Template-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Comtesse_de_Selve.jpg/19px-Comtesse_de_Selve.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Merge-arrows.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Comtesse_de_Selve.jpg/60px-Comtesse_de_Selve.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Merge-arrows.gif/20px-Merge-arrows.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Icon_tools.svg/50px-Icon_tools.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Ambox_warning_yellow.svg/40px-Ambox_warning_yellow.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Women_in_Music
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021 - Wikipedia,"Articles in this category contain originating from 2021. These may need to be updated, removed, or put into context as historical. Articles containing older statements are more likely to be dated. This is a backlog; not all articles in this category will need updating at this point in time. + Use to mark all individual statements that may become dated, this will automatically add them to the appropriate categories. Wherever possible, use to mark exactly when statements will need updating in addition to using . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,695 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2021
+en.wikipedia.org,WWJE-DT - Wikipedia,"(channel 50) is a licensed to , United States, serving the area as an affiliate of . It is owned by alongside –licensed - (channel 66). The two stations share main studios and transmitter facilities on Parmenter Road in . WWJE is operated separately from WUNI's (JSA) with –owned affiliate (channel 27) in . + WWJE formerly broadcast local newscasts from a studio located in , branded as the NH1 News Network or . Besides WBIN, sister radio station also used the branding from August 2015 to August 2017. WBIN-TV was one of only two television stations based in the state of New Hampshire to broadcast local newscasts (alongside ), as much of the state is part of the Boston media market. On February 17, 2017, WBIN canceled its newscasts as part of a wind-down of the station's operations following the sale of its in the (FCC)'s . + The station shut down its channel 35 transmitter on Merrill Hill in , on September 15, 2017, and began operating on channel 27 through a channel sharing agreement with channel 66 (then WUTF-DT); the WBIN-TV license was subsequently sold by Carlisle One Media, a company controlled by , to WUNI's owner, Univision Communications. + The channel 50 allocation in the Boston market originally belonged to , which launched in October 1969. It operated from two studios: its offices and master production facilities were located on Dutton Street in downtown ; however, its transmitter and ""main"" studio was on Governor Dinsmore Road in , to comply with FCC regulations requiring that a station's transmitter be located within 15 miles (24 km) of its . + However, the station's coverage in many parts of was spotty at best. The station's Lowell studios were located less than 1,000 feet (305 m) from the transmitter of , making high-quality production impossible during the day due to with the cameras. Advertisers were scared off when the blacklisted anyone who bought commercials on the station. Bills went unpaid for several months. By early 1970, 90% of the station's staff was removed from the payroll, although many continued with the station, believing it could pull through. The Lowell studio was closed down that spring; finally, in June the power company pulled the plug at the Windham studios during a rerun, taking WXPO off the air. + On July 17, 1973, channel 50 returned to the air with a test transmission, with plans to return the station to the air later that year, possibly as New Hampshire's affiliate. Those plans never materialized, and the WXPO-TV license was deleted in 1975. + The current iteration of channel 50 signed on the air on September 5, 1983, as WNDS, an known on-air as ""The Winds of New England."" It was owned by CTV of Derry, a company not related to the in Canada. The program included some like and in the morning hours, like late in the morning, on midday afternoons, cartoons for an hour or so after 3 p.m., more sitcoms in the evenings and late nights, and a in prime time. Sitcoms came from the and libraries, including such well-known series as , , , and , among others. + The station acquired some of the programming assets of (channel 21, frequency now occupied by ) in 1989 after that station shut down on March 31; the deal did not include the channel 21 license or WNHT's CBS affiliation. In the 1990s, the station increased cartoons a bit and began running more recent sitcoms and . + In 1996, WNDS added programming from the Global Shopping Network (GSN) overnights. In January 1997, the station began running Global Shopping Network programming 15 hours a day, with entertainment programming continuing from 3 to 11 p.m. On April 5, 1997, GSN began programming the station full-time with a 24-hour format as part of a planned purchase of the station. However, GSN soon ran into financial problems; after it missed a payment for the station, CTV of Derry canceled the sale and reverted WNDS to its previous general entertainment format that June. CTV held onto channel 50 until 2004, when it sold the station to Shooting Star Broadcasting. + Soon after assuming control, in August 2005, Shooting Star Broadcasting announced that WNDS would change its to WZMY-TV and its branding to . At that time, the station overhauled its schedule, based on viewer responses on the old WNDS website. The changes were implemented on-air on September 26, 2005. + On February 22, 2006, announced the launch of a new network called , which created in response to another upstart network that was also set to launch that September, (an amalgamated network that originally consisted primarily of and 's higher-rated programs). + Since WZMY had already filed a trademark in mid-2005 for use of the ""MyTV"" name, it was speculated that WZMY would take legal action against News Corporation over its similar name. Ultimately on July 21, 2006, WZMY's newsletter announced that the station would become the region's MyNetworkTV affiliate – giving channel 50 the first network affiliation in its history – this was later revealed on July 24 to the media and visitors to WZMY's website, and to the general public on July 26. Until the announcements were made, Boston and Southern New Hampshire had been the largest market where MyNetworkTV had not yet signed a full-time affiliate. With WZMY affiliating with MyNetworkTV upon the network's launch on September 5, 2006, the station continued to use its ""My TV"" branding, though the logo was changed to reflect MyNetworkTV's logo scheme (a different logo had been in use in the year following the 2005 relaunch). + In December 2009, the station laid off seven employees as part of strategy change to streamline operations and change some of the programming options to be more hyperlocal. Operation of WZMY was taken over by New Age Media, , making it a sister station to and in . The station added a affiliated with in June 2010. + On March 3, 2011, -based Carlisle One Media, Inc., a company controlled by , announced that it had reached an agreement to purchase WZMY-TV. The sale was completed on May 17; ten days later, the call letters were changed to WBIN-TV. It also dropped the ""My TV New England"" branding (becoming one of a number of MyNetworkTV affiliates to not feature the programming service's branding), choosing to refer to itself using its call letters. + Binnie originally indicated that WBIN-TV would retain its affiliations with MyNetworkTV and Universal Sports; however, the station announced on June 15 that it would leave MyNetworkTV and become an independent again as part of an increased local emphasis, with the service's programming moving to (channel 38) on September 19, while Universal Sports restructured itself into a cable- and satellite-only channel in January 2012, then shut down in October 2015. Nonetheless, the station added an additional subchannel, carrying , in October 2011; additionally, it replaced Universal Sports with on January 1, 2012. In July 2012, WBIN-TV terminated its affiliation with TheCoolTV; it was replaced with on January 14, 2013. The station also made moves to strengthen its programming, including the addition of and on September 10, 2012 ( had previously aired in New Hampshire on ; both programs also remained on WSBK-TV). In December 2014, replaced WeatherNation TV on their DT3 sub-channel. In January 2015, Live Well Network was replaced with ""WBIN Classics"" on the DT2 sub-channel, featuring original programming as well as programming from the network. + WBIN was the of Binnie Media, a group that also included WYCN-LP (channel 13) in and 16 northern New England radio stations formerly owned by . + On February 17, 2017, Binnie Media announced that WBIN-TV had sold its spectrum in the FCC's for $68.2 million; concurrently, the station's ""remaining television license rights"" would be acquired by an undisclosed ""major television group"" for an estimated $10–30 million in what it described as a ""channel-sharing sale"". In a statement, Bill Binnie said that the sale ""makes WBIN-TV one of the most valuable media properties in the history of New Hampshire media."" Binnie Media also announced that WBIN-TV would ""cease broadcasting in the coming months"", with proceeds from the sale going toward the acquisition of additional digital, outdoor, and radio assets. + On May 4, 2017, WBIN-TV filed to channel-share with (channel 66, now ). In the channel sharing agreement, reached on January 11, 2016, the stations agreed to grant put and call rights that could result in WUTF's owner, Univision Local Media, acquiring the WBIN license; under the terms of the agreement, Univision would be required to change WBIN-TV's call letters as a condition of the sale. Univision exercised its option to buy the WBIN-TV license for $16,764,133.70 on May 8, 2017. WBIN-TV ceased broadcasting on channel 35 on September 15, 2017, and began to share channel 27 with WUTF-DT; as of September 2017 , only WBIN's main channel is broadcast using virtual channel 50. WBIN-TV began phasing out its following the announcement of the spectrum sale; by December 2017, the station's schedule consisted primarily of Antenna TV programming, with the talk show (which also aired on NBC Boston) serving as its last syndicated program. Univision's purchase of the station was completed on December 21, 2017; the station then became a Justice Network affiliate. The call letters were changed to WWJE-DT on January 12, 2018. + Antenna TV was absent from the Boston TV market until it was picked up by WCRN-LD on May 5, 2020. Grit is now carried on the primary channel of . + During its first year on the air, WNDS ran a number of locally produced programs, including a ( ), a ( ) and a weekly prime-time ( ). All of these shows were canceled by the end of 1985. The station also covered live local sports, including , and . WNDS also ran a show each weekend at noon called , which aired from 1984 until August 2005. + Prior to affiliating with the Global Shopping Network in April 1997, WNDS also ran three additional shows: (which provided high school sports news in the New Hampshire and Massachusetts region), (a show discussing Boston sports), and (a local ). When regular programming was restored in June, these three shows were not resurrected. In addition, during the early 2000s, channel 50 ran a program titled hosted by . , a 30-minute weekly show from independent promotion , aired on WNDS from 2001 to 2002. The station also aired a locally produced talk show hosted by singer-comedian Bucky Lewis. + After the station's relaunch as WZMY-TV, much of its local programming consisted of visits to businesses around the region, in a format known as ""My Shows"". The original show under this format was , but variants focusing on specific topics were subsequently added, such as and and . Additionally, several local businesses (particularly car dealerships, but sometimes other businesses such as Dollar Bill's Discount World) produced programs that appeared on weekend mornings; those programs had also appeared on WNDS. At the time of the relaunch, two other local programs also existed: a talk show entitled (which originally aired from 9 to 10 p.m. and later from 8 to 9:30 p.m.), and (a review of around the region, which was produced by Dan Egan). However, the station subsequently discontinued these shows from its lineup (although was still produced for other outlets). + In its later years as ""My TV"", the station adopted a ""Branded Entertainment"" model, focusing on local product placement. Most of the station's local programming during this time, in addition to the remaining ""My Shows""-formatted programs, included 30-minute wrestling show from the Massachusetts-based ""Big Time Wrestling"" promotion (which aired on the station from May 1, 2009, until moving to in December 2010), (a talk show hosted by personality Scorch), (which showcases New Hampshire's top chefs creating their signature dishes), (also aired on sister station WPME in Portland), , (a reality comedy series based in ), (a spotlight on the ), , , , , , and , a reality competition show featuring brides-to-be. Many of these programs were produced in collaboration with independent production companies through what the station referred to as ""MyTV New England Studios"". Some of these programs were retained following the relaunch as WBIN-TV, though was dropped following the sale to Carlisle One due to concerns over the program's content, and and the local history show subsequently moved to WMFP. + Following Carlisle One Media's acquisition of the station, WBIN-TV announced that it would offer increased coverage of high school, college, and professional sports; this includes telecasts of hockey and basketball (produced by the in association with Pack Network) , and the . + , a locally produced business newsmagazine, began airing on WBIN-TV on June 5, 2016. + Soon after signing-on in the fall of 1983, WNDS began airing nightly newscasts at 6 and 10 p.m. The news staff included news anchor Larry Sparano, sportscaster , and meteorologist . The weekend newscasts were dropped in 1985, followed by the weeknight editions by 1986. + On September 28, 1998, WNDS debuted , consisting of newscasts at 7 and 10 p.m. weeknights, as well as weekend afternoons (the latter of which were dropped by early 2002). By 2003, the 11:57 a.m. weekday news update was expanded into a half-hour newscast at noon. Shortly after Shooting Star bought the station, the noon broadcast was discontinued, and the 10 p.m. edition was cut down to 10 minutes. In addition to the full newscasts, some news/weather updates as well as standalone weather updates from chief meteorologist Al Kaprielian were provided throughout the day. + When the station was relaunched as WZMY-TV, the 10 p.m. newscast was dropped entirely; the early evening newscast was renamed and aired weeknights from 7:30 to 8 p.m. An additional 60-minute news and commentary program, , aired from 9 to 10 p.m. On March 10, 2006, however, the two programs were consolidated into a new, 90-minute version of that aired from 8 to 9:30 p.m. News was no longer provided outside of that program. By July 2006, channel 50 had discontinued in favor of sitcom . Weather updates from Al Kaprielian were still provided each hour from noon to midnight; for a time, these were accompanied by news updates that used the title. + WZMY dissolved its news department completely (with the exception of weather) in November 2007, after Nicole Papageorge and Mike DeBlasi (the longest-tenured on-air employee after Kaprielian) departed the station. As a result, WZMY eliminated all daily news cut-ins, political commentary, and locally produced public affairs programming. + Channel 50 was well known in New England for meteorologist Al Kaprielian. His quirky, offbeat style made him a minor celebrity in Southern New Hampshire. As a result of his popularity, he appeared as a ""Guest Meteorologist"" on 's on November 10, 2006. He had worked for WNDS/WZMY for his whole career. However, as a result of the station's December 2009 cutbacks, Kaprielian was laid off from the station, with his final day on-air occurring on ; as a result, the station discontinued its weather updates. Kaprielian returned to WBIN-TV on August 20, 2012, providing hourly forecasts from 2 to 9 p.m.; he also provided forecasts for Binnie Media's radio stations. Kaprielian left the station in 2015. + Soon after the sale to Carlisle One, the station announced plans to re-establish a local news department, including a bureau at Carlisle One's headquarters in Portsmouth; rival affiliate WMUR-TV (channel 9) already operated a Portsmouth bureau. On September 29, 2011, WBIN debuted a new half-hour weeknight newscast. Known as , the show was produced in partnership with the -based (INN). The news anchor and were provided by the centralized news operation and other personnel from INN filled-in as necessary. WBIN maintained three local reporters who contributed relevant Southern New Hampshire content. All of the broadcasts originated from INN's Davenport studios. There was no regularly-scheduled sports report. The station maintained additional partnerships with the (which originally provided headlines through an on-screen ticker), the , and . WBIN indicated plans to further expand its newscast offerings, including long-range plans for a morning newscast; Binnie stated his intention to construct ""a public affairs infrastructure that will attract people who are serious about news in New Hampshire."" + In addition to , WBIN-TV sponsored several debates, including a -moderated at on October 11, 2011, in association with Bloomberg and , as well as one gubernatorial and two congressional debates at its Derry studios in partnership with various New Hampshire newspapers and in October 2012. The station also aired a daily INN-produced half-hour political newscast, , at 5 p.m. during the latter portion of the . On February 6, 2012, WBIN began airing the syndicated morning show from 6 to 9 a.m. At the time, the station planned to add a political show to its lineup by 2014. + WBIN-TV moved its news operation to the former Walker School in in 2014 (the remainder of the station's operations remained in Derry), with the school's auditorium being repurposed for debates held by the station. The building, which was acquired by Binnie Media at auction from the on November 15, 2012, also houses Binnie's Concord radio stations as well as Binnie Media's offices. WBIN also established bureaus throughout New Hampshire, including (at a former police station ), , and , in addition to Derry and Portsmouth. + WBIN-TV ended its INN-produced newscast on April 26, 2013, leaving Kaprielian's forecasts as the only local news content on the station. The station also laid off two of its three reporters. The cancellation did not impact WBIN's plans for the former Walker School; Binnie stated in August 2013 that ""it's more important to make a wholesale commitment, which we will do with NH1 Network,"" while Robb Atkinson, WBIN's news director, would subsequently concede that ""we weren't happy with the quality."" The station debuted a weeknight 90-minute early evening news block at 5 p.m. and a nightly 10 p.m. newscast on September 15, 2014 under the branding, based out of the newsroom in the Walker School building in Concord and the Nashua, Derry, Portsmouth, Laconia, and Lebanon news bureaus; WBIN also produced a weekly magazine program on Sunday mornings, and the news operation supplies half-hourly newscasts to Binnie Media's radio stations. While the new newscasts competed against the longer-established WMUR-TV news operation, Lee Kinberg, the executive vice president of , stated that the newscasts were ""very different from Channel 9,"" and included more coverage of the compared to WMUR. WBIN's newscasts also emphasized coverage of politics, with former Nashua State House reporter Kevin Landrigan serving as chief political correspondent and longtime political editor Paul Steinhauser becoming s political director on January 1, 2015; Atkinson has said that ""We want to own politics in New Hampshire."" In addition to the weeknight newscasts, the station announced its intention to launch a four-hour morning newscast and an hour-long noon newscast by 2015. Initially, the 10 p.m. half-hour weekend newscast didn't debut with the news department, but it did launch on October 25, 2014. The first new weekday newscast to launch since the founding of the news operation was , which debuted on September 21, 2015. + WBIN-TV aired its final newscasts on February 16, 2017; the following day, the station laid off most of the news staff concurrent with the announcement of the sale of the station's spectrum in the FCC spectrum auction. In a statement, Binnie Media said that would continue operations on radio and online. + The station's ATSC 1.0 channel is carried on the signal of ABC affiliate : + WWJE-DT (as WZMY-TV) shut down its analog signal, over channel 50, on December 1, 2008, which was within the permissible 90-day window prior to the original February 17, 2009, deadline for full-power television stations in the United States to under federal mandate (this deadline was later moved to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 35, using 50. + In 2010, WZMY-TV began broadcasting prime time MyNetworkTV programming in . + As WBIN-TV, the station's programming was also seen on three translators in southern New Hampshire. All three stations were owned by New Hampshire 1 Network, Inc., a sister company to Carlisle One Media that previously owned WYCN-CD in Nashua, New Hampshire (now ); historically co-owned with that station, the three repeaters were not included in a subsequent sale of WYCN. + All three facilities were ; the accompanying analog signals left the air on January 3, 2012, to accommodate the construction of these signals. Since December 28, 2012, the stations were broadcasting under from a tower at the WBIN studios in Derry while constructing their permanent facilities in order to maintain their broadcast licenses. All three stations were shut down October 4, 2017, and surrendered their licenses the following day.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Wnds04.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/WZMYMNTV.PNG/150px-WZMYMNTV.PNG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/WBIN50.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/WBIN50-092012.png/220px-WBIN50-092012.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/89/WBIN50-2.png/125px-WBIN50-2.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/TelevisaUnivision_logo.svg/100px-TelevisaUnivision_logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWJE-DT
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Works by type and decade - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 43 subcategories, out of 43 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Works_by_type_and_decade
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Society - Wikipedia,"A is a grouping of individuals, which is characterized by common interest and may have distinctive and . Society can also be explained as an organized group of people associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, recreational, or other purposes. + NOTE: In addition to the subcategories listed below, many other pertinent categories can be found in . + This category has the following 51 subcategories, out of 51 total. + The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Society
+en.wikipedia.org,Help:Page history - Wikipedia,"A shows the order in which edits were made to any editable page, the difference between any two revisions, and a menu of special external tools. A page history is sometimes called or . + You can view a page's history by clicking the ""View history"" tab at the top of the associated page ( ). See for the mobile version of the site which works differently. + The page history contains a list of the page's previous revisions, including the date and time—in by default—of each edit, the or of the user who made the change, and an optional that briefly describes or explains the change. For example, the for this help page shows it was first created on September 20, 2004, and that it has been changed more than 500 times since then. + On every ""page history"" page, before the history begins, there are links to several external tools for analyzing or correcting a page. On Wikipedia, these are: + On a history page: + Below is a detailed example of a page history using the default skin: + The edits are listed in chronological order from newest to oldest, and are displayed with each edit being their own row in the list, with each row taking up one line of text. Each entry in the edit history will show the time and date that the edit was applied, the username or of the contributor who saved the edit, the total size of the resulting page text (in bytes), the net size difference (in bytes) that the changes made from the edit resulted on the page , the that was added by the contributor, as well as other technical and diagnostic information. +Let's look at some of the functions of this page: + Not shown in this example: some edits may be automatically by the abuse filter (example: ); any tags applied appear after the edit summary. Tags cannot be added or removed manually, and are intended to help editors identify potential problem edits for examination; they do not that an edit is problematic. + Also not shown in this example: you can thank a user for their edit by clicking the Thank button. see . + It is possible to restore an old revision of a page by following the link to that revision, clicking ""edit"" and then saving. This should be done with caution, as it means that changes made to the page since the time of that revision will be undone. + In rare cases, all or part of a page history entry may be shown in grey, struck out by a horizontal line. This indicates that information has been hidden from public view by an administrator. See and for more on this. + The history page contains a link ""Find addition/removal"". This links to , a tool for searching the entire history of a given page. + Another useful tool is the page, which is used to produce an file with the wikitext of the current and (optionally) all old revisions of one or more specified pages, with date, time, username, and edit summary. How the XML file is displayed depends on the browser (it can also be saved locally for later searching and analysis). For more information on this feature, see . + The following may also be useful: + Some page histories (such as ) are very long, so that paging back even 500 results at a time cannot practically reach a date from several years ago. It is possible to simply change the date (YYYYMMDD) in the URL in these cases ( , for example) to get a listing of results going back from that date. + A link to an Atom for the history of a page is available from the lefthand . This gives the of the last 10 edits, each with a link to the ordinary, full diff page. Depending on the browser there may be possibilities such as sorting by author. + An RSS version of the feed can be obtained by assigning to (one of the ) the value , i.e., by replacing with in the Atom feed link. + In the mobile version, click ""Last edited"" near the bottom of a page to see the page history. Registered users may also have a ""History"" link or icon at the top of mobile pages. + Other parts of this page describe the desktop version of the site. It looks different from the mobile version and has more interface features. Mobile users can switch to the desktop version by clicking ""Desktop"" at the bottom of any page. + When a page is (renamed), the entire edit history of the article, before and after the move, is shown. The old title becomes a and loses its edit history. + To view a history of only moves and no other edits, go to and input the name of the article in the ""target"" field. + If instead of a move, the entire content was into a new substitute article, the page history gets spread across two articles. The histories can be in this case. + When two pages are merged, typically one becomes a redirect. In this case, the revision history of the redirect is kept. + When a page is deleted, its revision history remains in the database and can be retrieved by an administrator, who can also undelete the page (see ). + Administrators can also remove selected revisions from a page history, for example if they contain defamatory text. For details, see . + An ""image"" (in the broad sense of an uploaded file) can be edited, or, more generally, be replaced by a different image, by uploading a new image file with the same name. Again, all revisions are kept. 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For other , or if the revision to be linked to is not the current revision, use the page's History tab to navigate to the specific revision required. The URL here will be suitable for use to permanently reference this revision, and can usually be obtained from the browser's location bar. (See also .) To make a permalink for use within the English Wikipedia, use . + A permalink does not necessarily reproduce the historical revision of the page as it originally appeared. This is because images, (transcluded text and images), and time-based variables (such as CURRENTTIME) may have changed in the interim; they appear in their current state, not their historical state. Only the on-page text of the article (the wikitext that one sees when clicking 'Edit') is preserved perfectly. + Those wishing to make use of historical revisions of articles should be aware that some of the history may be problematic. + As noted at the end of each history revision, in the text at , the page histories may contain material that is incompatible with our license. Although all contributions are supposed to be compatible with CC BY-SA (except limited, clearly marked fair use material in accordance with our ), it is possible that a user has inserted something to which they did not have rights to license or which exceeds fair use. The Wikipedia volunteer community has a general policy of removing such copyright problems from publication when they are discovered (see ), but does not have a general policy of always deleting all such material from the history, particularly if the edit is made to an existing article rather than a new one. In the event of a takedown notice, the Wikimedia Foundation may remove violating revisions from the page history. In other cases, the revision may be kept to allow proper tracking of authors and demonstrate compliance with all legal requirements. As the Wikimedia Foundation is a not-for-profit company, the volunteer community believes this to be fair use. However, not all revisions in a page history are necessarily available under the CC BY-SA. + Many revisions from early in Wikipedia's history, almost always from 2001, are missing. shows the English Wikipedia as it existed on December 20, 2001; its page histories are likewise incomplete, but do sometimes contain revisions absent here (usually edits of little to no consequence).",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Information_icon_dark_green.svg/40px-Information_icon_dark_green.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/View_History-_marked_screenshot.png/250px-View_History-_marked_screenshot.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/MediaWiki_1.21wmf3_page_history_screenshot.svg/900px-MediaWiki_1.21wmf3_page_history_screenshot.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/OOjs_UI_icon_history.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_history.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Permalink.jpg/220px-Permalink.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_history
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Clean-up categories from 2024 - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Clean-up_categories_from_2024
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia move-protected project pages - Wikipedia,"This category contains which have been . They can still be moved by . Fully protected pages – those listed in and its subcategories – are also move-protected; they are protected from both editing moves. + Use {{ }} or {{ }} to add pages to this category. This should only be done if the page is in fact protected – adding the template does not in itself protect the page. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 583 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_move-protected_project_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia templates needing cleanup - Wikipedia,"Please add articles to this category by using . This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_templates_needing_cleanup
+ku.wikipedia.org,Kategorî:Civak - Wîkîpediya,"Di vê kategoriyê de 40 binkategorî hene. Jêr 40 binkategorî tên nîşandan. + Di vê kategoriyê de 37 rûpel hene. Jêr 37 rûpel tên nîşandan.",https://ku.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://ku.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ku.svg|https://ku.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ku.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://ku.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://ku.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:Civak
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:History and society WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 70 subcategories, out of 70 total. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_and_society_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia template-protected templates - Wikipedia,"This category contains which have been , meaning that they can only be edited by template editors, administrators and interface editors. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 5,891 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_template-protected_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Angorichina - Wikipedia,"is a , 640 square kilometres (247 sq mi) in area, in the in the Australian state of . Its three small centres of population, disposed on an east-west axis 18 kilometres (11 miles) long, are Angorichina Station, Blinman, and Angorichina Tourist Village. + The lease was first taken up by Septimus Boord in 1853. In 1859, the property was visited by the surveyors and and by the , . Later the same year a shepherd on Angorichina Station, Robert Blinman, first discovered and took out a mining lease which later became the Blinman mine. + Walter Henry McFarlane acquired Angorichina in the early 1920s after disposing of Station. In 1941 the 1200-square-mile (3108 km ) property was carrying a flock of 38,000 sheep that produced 1300 . + As of 2021 , Angorichina Station was still a working , covering hills, creek beds, and . The 1860s-era , 6 kilometres (4 miles) east of , also accommodates up to six visitors for an upmarket of a sheep station. + Blinman, the small within the pastoral lease had a population, in 2016, of 35. + This small tourist village, 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) west of the Angorichina Station homestead, provides accommodation, a caravan park and some services. The site was originally established in 1927 as Angorichina Hostel by the Tubercular Soldiers Association as a for returned servicemen of .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Australia_South_Australia_location_map.svg/240px-Australia_South_Australia_location_map.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Angorichina_Head_Station%28GN10251%29.jpg/220px-Angorichina_Head_Station%28GN10251%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Angorichina_Creek%28GN10296%29.jpg/220px-Angorichina_Creek%28GN10296%29.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angorichina
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2014 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles needing additional references from August 2014 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,866 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2014
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Coordinates on Wikidata - Wikipedia,"See also: + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,189,236 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Works by type - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Works_by_type
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia semi-protected project pages - Wikipedia,"This category and its subcategories contain project pages which have been in line with the . Semi-protection prevents a page from being edited by . For fully protected pages, which can be edited only by administrators, see . + To add a page to this category, use {{ }}. This should only be done if the page is in fact semi-protected. + Note that adding the template in itself protect the page. Conversely, protecting the page does not automatically add the template (or any other visible protected-page category linkages), which results in some pages having a ""view source""-tab instead of ""edit this page"" and yet not showing ""Semi-protected"" at the bottom -- a situation new users may find rather confusing. Therefore, it is best to always add the template after protecting the page. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,481 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_semi-protected_project_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia move-protected pages - Wikipedia,"To add a page to this category, use . If possible, use one of the more specific templates , or . This should only be done if the page is indeed protected; adding the template does not in itself protect the page. + For a dynamic and sortable list of all protected pages, see . For reports of protected pages, see . + pages listed in and its subcategories are also move-protected; they are protected from both editing moves. + This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 75 pages are in this category, out of 75 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_move-protected_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia semi-protected pages - Wikipedia,"To add a page to this category, use or one of the more specific . This should only be done if the page is indeed protected; adding the template does not in itself protect the page. + For a dynamic and sortable list of all protected pages, see . For reports of protected pages, see . + For fully protected pages, which can be edited only by , see . + This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,564 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_semi-protected_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia pages needing cleanup - Wikipedia,"Please add articles to this category by using . This category has the following 169 subcategories, out of 169 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_needing_cleanup
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Wikipedia for Peace - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Softredirarrow.svg/64px-Softredirarrow.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_for_Peace
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:GLAM/Pritzker - Wikipedia,"will serve as the hub for all Wikipedia community events, content work, and community collaboration on articles related to the in Chicago, the Pritzker Military Archives Center in Somers, Wisconsin, and its collections. To learn more about our collections, see or . If you are interested in helping, please leave your username in the participants section. If you have any questions, feel free to post them on the talk page. + This project aims to coordinate the sharing of resources between the and the Wikimedia community. The Pritzker Military Museum & Library's mission aligns closely with Wikipedia’s goal to provide ""free access to the sum of all human knowledge."" The Museum and Library's collections covers all branches of the United States military from the colonial era to the present. The collections focus on the concept of the Citizen Soldier as an important element in a democratic society. + + See + + Any of the above articles, plus + To associate an article with this project, place this template on its Talk page: + You may optionally assess the article by assigning a quality class and importance or priority to the article. + The Wikipedia grading scheme assigns articles to classes by quality. See the . + Importance - Top, High, Mid, or Low - is subjective to each project, and should help us decide which articles to work on first. + + There are pending for: + Try to get these as high of resolution as you can. 600dpi is best (more if the image is small but detailed, like a film negative. + A gallery of images was specifically added to the article:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/PritzkerMML_Logo.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Prince_Heinrich.png/57px-Prince_Heinrich.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/KingFerdinand_I_Portrait.jpg/92px-KingFerdinand_I_Portrait.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/General_Armando_Diaz.jpg/95px-General_Armando_Diaz.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/WWI_Cottage_Cheese.jpg/79px-WWI_Cottage_Cheese.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gatlings_To_the_Assault.jpg/120px-Gatlings_To_the_Assault.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Burning_of_the_Frigate_Philadelphia_in_the_Harbor_of_Tripli.jpg/95px-Burning_of_the_Frigate_Philadelphia_in_the_Harbor_of_Tripli.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas_-_It%27s_Up_To_Us_Now.jpg/120px-Battle_of_Las_Guasimas_-_It%27s_Up_To_Us_Now.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cadet_Nurse_Corps_Poster.jpg/86px-Cadet_Nurse_Corps_Poster.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Liberty_Bond_-_1.jpg/120px-Liberty_Bond_-_1.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Liberty_Bond_-_2.jpg/112px-Liberty_Bond_-_2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Liberty_Bond_-_3.jpg/120px-Liberty_Bond_-_3.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Liberty_Bond_-_4.jpg/121px-Liberty_Bond_-_4.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Liberty_Bond_-_5.jpg/115px-Liberty_Bond_-_5.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Liberty_Bond_-_6.jpg/120px-Liberty_Bond_-_6.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Liberty_Bond_-_7.jpg/118px-Liberty_Bond_-_7.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Liberty_Bond_-_8.jpg/134px-Liberty_Bond_-_8.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Liberty_Bond_-_9.jpg/120px-Liberty_Bond_-_9.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Liberty_Bond_-_10.jpg/136px-Liberty_Bond_-_10.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Liberty_Bond_-_11.jpg/134px-Liberty_Bond_-_11.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Liberty_Bond_-_12.jpg/119px-Liberty_Bond_-_12.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Liberty_Bond_-_13.jpg/122px-Liberty_Bond_-_13.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liberty_Bond_-_14.jpg/134px-Liberty_Bond_-_14.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Liberty_Bond_-_15.jpg/189px-Liberty_Bond_-_15.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/Pritzker
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia protected templates - Wikipedia,"This category contains which have been . This is usually done to prevent to templates that are used on a large number of pages, or on very visible pages such as the (so-called "" ""), as vandalism to such templates would be very noticeable. Full protection prevents a page from being edited except by . Template protection also allows editing by . + + For a large notice, add to the template. This should only be done if the page is in fact protected – adding the template does not in itself protect the page. Be careful to place this inside tags, so that articles that transclude the template shouldn't get added to this category as well. + To view a complete list of protected pages, go to . + This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_protected_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 128,201 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Coordinates on Wikidata - Wikipedia,"See also: + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,189,236 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata?from=Ae
+en.wikipedia.org,Big Muff - Wikipedia,"The , often known simply as the , is a ""fuzzbox"" produced in by the company, along with their Russian sister company , primarily for use with the . It is used by as well, due to the Big Muff's squeaky frequency response. + The following is a direct quote from Mike Matthews, Electro-Harmonix founder, and president: + Back in 1969 I [Electro-Harmonix] was already selling the Muff Fuzz, which was a mild overdrive circuit in an LPB-1 box. I wanted to come out with a three knob distortion unit in a bigger box. I asked my buddy, Bell Labs designer, Bob Myer, to design a unit, one that would have a lot of sustain. When I got the prototype from Bob, I loved the long sustain. This was done by cascading the circuit into additional sections, each one clipped by twin diodes. However, when you clip, the tone can be a bit raspy. So, I spent a couple of days changing capacitors to roll off distortion in the highs, and eventually found that the best long sustaining tone that was a sweet violin-like sound was done by having three capacitors in different parts of the circuit rolling off the rasp. We plunged into production and I brought the very first units up to Henry, the boss at Manny's Music Store on 48th Street, NYC. About a week later, I stopped by Manny's to buy some cables, and Henry yelled out to me, 'Hey Mike, I sold one of those new Big Muffs to .' +An earlier Electro-Harmonix pedal, the Axis Fuzz, was also manufactured for the Guild guitar company as the Foxey Lady and used a similar chassis as the early Big Muffs, but had a simpler two-transistor circuit. With the introduction of the Big Muff, the Axis was discontinued and the Foxey Lady pedal became a rebranded Big Muff. It was available at least until the mid-1970s. The Big Muff Pi was the first overwhelming success for Electro-Harmonix's line of pedals. Due to its reliability, its low price and its distinctive sound, the Big Muff sold consistently through the 1970s and was found in innumerable guitarists' pedal collections. For example, and were some of first famous users of the pedal. David Gilmour famously used the Big Muff on the albums and and most recently on his 2006 tour. Other artists who used the Big Muff during the 1970s include , , (though Zappa had it modified to produce a very non-typical Big Muff distortion), and . Even after the Electro-Harmonix company was forced out of business in 1982, the pedal remained in such demand that clones of the Big Muff were made by both competing corporations and independent pedal builders, and demand for ""vintage Big Muffs"" rose. Unsurprisingly, when Matthews restarted Electro-Harmonix in the 1990s, the Big Muff was one of the first pedals he reintroduced to the market. + The ""sustained grind"" of the Big Muff was later an integral part of the sound of many bands through the 1980s and 1990s, being used extensively by , , , and . The name of the pedal even inspired the title of Mudhoney's 1988 debut EP , as well as 's 1981 instrumental "" "". and of used the version of the Big Muff, and, more recently, Dan Auerbach of The Black Keys, who often uses the Sovtek version in a number of The Black Keys songs. +Aside from the Big Muff, Electro-Harmonix has made the Nano Muff, the Metal Muff, which has a 3-band EQ and is a distortion; the Little Big Muff, a smaller variation of the current NYC model, the Deluxe Big Muff, the 77/78 op-amp Big Muff, designed by Howard Davis, which uses IC's to create the Fuzz whereas all others, except the Deluxe Big Muff, use transistors. There also exists a customized limited edition Big Muff, called the Mogwai Big Muff. This pedal was designed for the Scottish band , and has a slightly more extreme sound. Electro-Harmonix produced only 100 Mogwai Big Muff pedals. In 2017 Electro-Harmonix reissued the Sovtek Big Muff, commonly known as the 'Green Russian' + Most versions of the Big Muff use four stages. The first stage is a clean boost, which drives the next two clipping stages, which create the distortion. The final stage is a tone recovery stage, which recovers volume loss as the in the Big Muff is passive, and the pedal loses some volume because of this. For a short time in the late-1970s, the Big Muff used , which at the time were not as highly regarded as the discrete transistor versions. However, the op-amp Big Muffs have lately seen a revival among collectors and players alike. The op-amp Big Muff has a slight variation in sound to the transistor version. + Electro-Harmonix also released a large-box version of the Big Muff known as the Deluxe Big Muff Pi. This version included an onboard compressor in addition to the standard Big Muff features. It was available in 2 versions: one with a BLEND switch and another with a SERIES/PARALLEL switch. They themselves have joined the fray with a reissue version of their original Big Muff Pi as well as a smaller ""Little Big Muff Pi"", that incorporates true-bypass switching, components, and a smaller enclosure.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EHPi.jpg/159px-EHPi.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Ehpijacks.jpg/220px-Ehpijacks.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Deluxe_Bass_Big_Muff_Pi_2020.jpg/220px-Deluxe_Bass_Big_Muff_Pi_2020.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Muff
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia protected project pages - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_protected_project_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,2024 Indian general election in Manipur - Wikipedia,"The in Manipur will be held on 19 April and 26 April to elect two members of , from the constituencies of and . + The 2024 Indian general election got scheduled in the midst of a year-long in Manipur between the and communities, which has seen more than 200 people killed and around 60,000 people displaced. +The violence resulted in complete geographic separation of the two communities within a month of the onset of violence, with the Meiteis having fled the hill districts and the Kuki-Zo having fled the Imphal Valley. The violence nevertheless continued with arm-toting militias launching attacks on the opposite community and 'village defence volunteers' defending their villages. Over 6,000 guns that had been looted from the state's armouries remain with the militants and other civilian activists. + The constituency, which covers the , has fielded six candidates, including one from the ruling (BJP) and one from the opposition (INC, Congress). + The constituency, which covers the surrounding hill districts and reserved for the state's ( and ) communities, only Naga candidates have contested. The Kuki-Zo community decided not to field any candidates. +The BJP decided to support its ally , while the INC fielded a candidate from the Naga community. + The leading Meitei militia group, with 60,000 cadres, announced ""restrictions"" on campaigning on 30 March 2024. It discouraged election campaigns, feasts, the use of loudspeakers, flag raising and election meetings, claiming that such events are more divisive than unifying, and would potentially lead to conflicts and violence. Manipur's state government as well as the central government stayed silent in the face of such impositions. + On 19 March, unidentified gunmen opened fire on the Congress Party's Outer Manipur candidate, , while he was participating in a village-level consultative meeting in the . The candidate was unhurt. +On 28 March, the Congress Party's Inner Manipur candidate was threatened by unidentified miscreants at his home. They gave an ultimatum to his family to send him for a meeting the following day. +The Congress Party expressed deep concern and requested the police to provide protection to the candidate. On 14 April, miscreants opened fire at a campaign site in where Akoijam was expected to organise a campaign meeting the following day. Perceiving the threat, Akoijam cancelled the meeting. +Two days later, armed miscreants again disrupted an election meeting at . Akoijam confided to the press the extent of threats he was receiving and commented that these were from ""my own community"" [Meiteis]. + A week before the first phase of polling, armed militants, alleged to belong to , attacked a border region of in the , called Phailengmol Island Block, and killed two Kuki-Zo village defence volunteers. Graphic videos of their corpses being dragged, mutilated and body parts displayed were circulated. +The gruesome attacks and display caused the Kuki-Zo civil society organisations to come out with calls for boycotting the general election, saying ""no justice, no vote"". The Global Kuki-Zomi-Hmar Women Community, including journalists social workers, politicians and leaders, had earlier written to the Chief Election Commissioner, informing him of its decision to boycott the polls. Following the Phailengmol attack, the and have also joined the fray. +On 16 April, the Kuki Inpi Sadar Hills (covering the Kangpokpi district) asked all Kuki residents of the district to abstain from voting. +Kuki Inpi Churachandpur issued a directive asking its residents to vote against the ruling BJP and its allied partners. + The poll for the two Lok Sabha seats of Manipur was scheduled to be held on two days. During the Phase 1 polling on 19 April, it was held for and three districts ( , and ) of . During the Phase 2 polling on 26 April, it is to be held in the remaining districts. + During the Phase 1 polling, several chaotic scenes were witnessed in many parts of the Imphal Valley. +At Moirang Kampu (in ), a group of unidentified miscreants arrived in an SUV, had an argument in the polling booth and then fired a few rounds at the people from their vehicle. A 72-year old man was hit by a bullet. The enraged voters then destroyed the polling devices. Assault and firing was also reported from at least three other locations (Arapati Maning in Imphal East, Wangoo in and Thamnapokpi in ). Several other polling stations in the Valley districts were by armed miscreants, with video clips flooding the social media. Many fingers were pointed at militants. In one clip, the Congress candidate Bimol Akoijam is seen complaining to senior police officials about his polling agent having been threatened by armed miscreants and the agent having had to leave the polling station. The state unit of the Congress party filed a complaint with the chief election officer for the state alleging , voter intimadion and other irregularities at 36 polling booths in Inner Manipur and 11 polling booths in the area of Outer Manipur. The Election Commission ordered a re-poll at 11 polling booths, which was held on 22 April with over 81% voter turnout. + In the Outer Manipur constituency, the Kuki-Zo people in the Kangpokpi district were reported to have abstained from voting as per the instructions of Kuki Inpi Sadar Hills. News-reports mentioned empty polling stations with ""complete zero turnout"". +The election commission reported 22% voter turnout, which is mainly attributed to the Nepali and Naga voters in the district. +In Churachandpur district, early news-reports mentioned poor turnout, +but the election commission data at the end of polling showed 64% turnout in the assembly constituency and 72% in the assembly constituency, with similar figures in other constituencies. +The polling agent of alleged large-scale booth capturing by armed militants in these constituencies, requesting a re-poll from the election commission. ""All our voters and workers were threatened with arms and chased away by the militants"", wrote the polling agent.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/50px-Flag_of_India.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/N._Biren_Singh.jpg/100px-N._Biren_Singh.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Okram_Ibobi_Singh_Official.jpg/120px-Okram_Ibobi_Singh_Official.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Manipur_Wahlkreise_Lok_Sabha.svg/300px-Manipur_Wahlkreise_Lok_Sabha.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BJP_flag.svg/50px-BJP_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lotus_flower_symbol.svg/50px-Lotus_flower_symbol.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_the_Naga_People%27s_Front.png/50px-Flag_of_the_Naga_People%27s_Front.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Indian_Election_Symbol_Cock.png/50px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Cock.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg/50px-Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/50px-Hand_INC.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election_in_Manipur
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from December 2020 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from December 2020 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . The following 64 pages are in this category, out of 64 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_needing_cleanup_from_December_2020
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia interwiki soft redirects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 4,363 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_interwiki_soft_redirects
+en.wikipedia.org,Harry Von Tilzer - Wikipedia,"(born , also known as ; 8 July 1872 – 10 January 1946) was an American composer, songwriter, publisher and performer. + Von Tilzer was born in . His parents, Sarah (Tilzer) and Jacob Gumbinsky, were immigrants. Harry ran away and joined a traveling at age 14, where he adopted his mother's maiden name as his own, seeking to make it sound even classier by tacking on a ""Von."" So impressive seemed the transformation that eventually all his brothers changed their last name to match his. + Harry proved successful playing piano and and writing new tunes and for shows. He continued doing this for and shows for some years, writing many tunes which were not published or which he sold to entertainers for one or two dollars. In 1898, he sold his song "" "" to a publisher for $15, and watched it become a national hit, selling over two million copies of the sheet music. This prompted him to become a professional songwriter. + He was made a partner of the . His 1900 number "" "" became one of the biggest hits of the time. Von Tilzer became one of the best-known songwriters. In 1902, Von Tilzer formed his own publishing company, where he was soon joined by his younger brother . In 1914, Von Tilzer was a charter member of the performing rights society, (ASCAP). + Harry Von Tilzer's hits included "" ,"" ""The Cubanola Glide,"" "" ,"" ""Old King Tut,"" ""Take Me Out to the Ball Game,"" ""All Alone,"" ""Mariutch,"" ""The Ragtime Goblin Man,"" ""I Love My Wife, But Oh You Kid!"" ""They Always Pick On Me,"" "" "" (with lyrics by ), "" ,"" "" ,"" "" ,"" and many others. + He died in on January 10, 1946. 's acquired Harry Von Tilzer Music in 1957.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Harry_Von_Tilzer_2.jpg/220px-Harry_Von_Tilzer_2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Harry_Von_Tilzer_1910.jpg/220px-Harry_Von_Tilzer_1910.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Von_Tilzer
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:United States WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This is an organizational category for centralizing work on all the United States-related WikiProjects. + This category has the following 49 subcategories, out of 49 total. + The following 46 pages are in this category, out of 46 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles written in a national variety of English - Wikipedia,"Articles are listed by having template {{ }} (etcetera) on their page; see its documentation for more background. +As of November 2014, articles written in British English and US English are not categorised here. + This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_written_in_a_national_variety_of_English
+en.wikipedia.org,Aeroflot Flight 5463 - Wikipedia,"was a domestic passenger flight from to which crashed on 30 August 1983 while approaching Almaty. The Tupolev Tu-134A collided with the western slope of Dolan Mountain at an altitude of 690 m (2,260 ft). As a result of the accident, all ninety people on board were killed. Crew error was cited as the cause of the accident. + Having received the information about the aircraft's location, (ATC) gave an erroneous instruction to turn. The crew also mistakenly chose a of 199 degrees instead of 140. ATC subsequently gave the proper heading, but instructed the crew to descend to 600 m (2,000 ft), whereas the minimum safe altitude for the surrounding terrain was 4,620 m (15,160 ft). Knowing that the aircraft was on collision course with mountainous terrain and having the right to ignore the ATC in this situation, according to the , the crew chose to make a turn instead, continuing their descent to 600 m (2,000 ft). Having informed ATC of their situation, the crew received a . Instead of making an urgent , the crew delayed any attempt to climb until 1–2 seconds before impact. + The aircraft crashed into Dolan Mountain, at an altitude of 690 m (2,260 ft), 30 km (19 mi; 16 nmi) from , disintegrating and catching fire. At the time of the accident, there was cloud cover at an altitude of 3,000–4,500 m (9,800–14,800 ft) with of 7,000–8,000 m (23,000–26,000 ft) and a visibility of 10 km (6.2 mi; 5.4 nmi). + The crash of Flight 5463 was attributed to the following causes: -",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Aeroflot_Tu-134A_CCCP-65862_ZRH_1983-1-9.png/220px-Aeroflot_Tu-134A_CCCP-65862_ZRH_1983-1-9.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_5463
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using the Phonos extension - Wikipedia,"Generated by the . + This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 27,632 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia fully protected project pages - Wikipedia,"This category and its subcategories contain project pages which have been in line with the . Full protection prevents a page from being edited except by . For semi-protected pages, which cannot be edited by , see . + To add a page to this category, use . This should only be done if the page is in fact protected – adding the template does not in itself protect the page. + The following 178 pages are in this category, out of 178 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_fully_protected_project_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Tracking categories automatically populated by MediaWiki - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 62 subcategories, out of 62 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tracking_categories_automatically_populated_by_MediaWiki
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 157,790 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English
+en.wikipedia.org,You Can Run But You Cannot Hide International - Wikipedia,"( ) was a Christian that held assemblies (including music concerts and discussions with students) in . YCRBYCHI's mission statement stated its goal was to ""reshape America by re-directing the current and future generations both morally and through education, media, and the values found in our U.S. Constitution."" + The ministry received testimonials from school officials and students ""that praise the positive impact the assemblies had by stressing the importance of good choices and using a band to grab attention."" However, the ministry also attracted controversy for using public school assemblies for religious purposes. Detractors claim the ministry mislead school administrators about the nature of the program and proselytized its views on and . The designated the organization as an in March 2012. + Founded by Brad Lee Dean in 2008, the organization was based in . + In September 2013, the You Can Run headquarters building in Annandale was put up for rent. At the same time, there were reports of departures of the ministry's staff and the disbanding of its street teams. + YCRBYCHI was centered on their in-house Christian - band Junkyard Prophet, with founder Brad Lee Dean on drums, Rene Benton on guitar and vocals, Massey Campos on vocals and bass; and Wayne Ruark on lead vocals. Dean, a survivor of multiple drug overdoses and jail incarcerations, broke into music in the 1980s. He directed Junkyard Prophet's music toward aiding youths overcoming ""trials and tribulations, persecutions, and afflictions...."" Dean's wife, Stephanie Dean, a former commercial actress, joined the band for sexual abstinence-themed songs. + The organization held high school assemblies, which began with a one-hour set from Junkyard Prophet, which incorporated a fog machine that frequently set off school fire alarms. The noise-level of the music led one high school staffer to warn students of permanent hearing loss at a 2005 assembly. + After their musical performance, Dean typically gave a lecture where he put forth his views on , the , , , and his belief that . During his interactive speech with the assembled students, Dean frequently waded into controversial issues such as , abortion, , and . + Dean claimed that ""99.5 percent of everything we do in the assembly is accepted by the kids in an awesome way,"" though he maintained that teachers were more resistant to the organization's message. + Reported fees for school programs ranged from $1200 to $5000. The organization sometimes reduced or waived this fee if schools were unable to pay. A writer traveling with the group detailed instances in which the band's expenses exceeded its income or it has been forced to spend the night sleeping in cars. + YCRBYCHI paid to air the radio show , hosted by Dean and Jake McMillan, on in Minneapolis and on the Genesis Communication Network. While still streaming on the GCN website, WWTC canceled the program in May 2011 after the duo aired a lengthy song mocking African Americans. WWTC's manager, protesting that staff members at his station were neither bigots nor racists, reported that ""the divisive tone"" of the show was objectionable to the ""right spirit"" of conservatism the station sought. Dean later claimed that the show would reappear on , a conservative talk station. Though admitting some talks had taken place, KTLK's station manager denied that the show had been signed. was reinstated on WWTC after a three-month break. + In May 2011, Dean was invited to deliver a prayer in front of the . He was criticized by members of both parties for the prayer, largely due to the direct references to Jesus and perceived accusations against Democrats and President Obama. His history of statements against homosexuality, though not part of the prayer, also elicited complaints. His address was criticized by (DFL) representative , who said that the hope of peace during the prayer had been ""crushed by a single person's words."" Majority Leader and speaker , both Republicans, also denounced Brad Lee Dean; Zellers said inviting him to speak had been ""a mistake"", and called him ""a man I personally denounce,"" and said, ""I can only ask you for your forgiveness. That type of person will never, ever be allowed on the House floor again."" Representative , a Republican who had invited Dean to speak in the first place, later apologized for the invitation and compared Dean's position on homosexuality to that of . Dean was also denounced by the Catholic Conference and DFL representatives and ; Clark called Dean ""a hateful person"". In June 2011, presidential candidate was sprayed with by Minnesota gay-rights activist Rachel E.B. Lang who was upset with Bachmann's support of YCRBYCHI. + In April 2012, the Minnesota State College Republican board threatened to revoke the charter of the chapter of College Republicans if they hosted a speech by Dean on campus. The College Republican group was ""disgusted with the GOP's threats"" and voted unanimously to go ahead with the event as planned. While protest ensued, students stayed to hear Dean speak. They said Dean ""has a strong conservative message. He's pro-constitutional, pro-family, pro-vets and he speaks about the core values of the GOP"". + You Can Run But You Cannot Hide International was supported by Minnesota Congresswoman and Republican gubernatorial candidate . Emmer's campaign gave the organization $250 in 2008, prompting criticism due to the group's views on homosexuality. Bachmann has praised the organization, appearing as a keynote speaker at their fundraisers. Dean has indicated that both Bachmann and Emmer will appear in his upcoming documentary . + YCRBYCHI has been praised by many churches and religious and conservative organizations, and strongly criticized by civil rights groups and the media, primarily due to its opposition to and . + Proponents, such as former Supreme Court Chief Justice , endorsed the program for bringing ""God and His law back to our public school system."" 2004 Presidential Candidate for the Constitution Party, , visited their Minnesota headquarters and wrote an article regarding his visit with the group on his website, The American View. Dean was featured in , , and . + Critics claimed that the program overstepped its role in schools and intimidated students. Some students said that the assemblies presented -like propaganda that ""encouraged bigotry and hate-mongering"". + The organization was at the center of multiple controversies for its school performances, many revolving around its presentation of religious material in public educational settings. During an assembly at in 2007, students were shown graphic images of aborted fetuses, and girls were made to chant about being submissive to their husbands. The assembly made students cry and angered parents. After a 2005 Arkansas assembly, the principal asserted that the group had ""misrepresented"" its ""right-wing message"" and that the group ""won't be back"". A Wisconsin principal, whose school was visited in 2003, later called a second assembly to apologize to the students for allowing YCRBYCHI a forum for ""brainwashing"" a ""captive audience"". A Tennessee principal also apologized to students in 2004 ""for any controversy or heartache the assembly generated"". + The organization, which didn't mention its aim to evangelize for Christianity in the ""Principal Packet"" it sent to school administrators, often only revealed their religious leanings during their assemblies. Dean affirmed that the assemblies were ""used as a tool to have the hearts of the kids opened to receive. the Christian message of hard-hitting truth without compromise"", though Dean said that school administrators were fully apprised of YCRBYCHI's program prior to the organization's arrival. However, critics said ""The full religiousness of YCR is not revealed until event staff offer departing students literature directing them to Web sites that make clear the ultra-conservative Protestant nationalism of the ministry."" + Additionally, Individuals outside the organization said that ""much of the history that YCRBYCH present is, in fact, either highly sanitized, inaccurate, or demonstrably false."" + In 2010, the group's connections to were highlighted on ; during the episode, was critical of statements that Dean made on about the execution of homosexuals in Muslim countries. The statement, in part, was ""Muslims are calling for the execution of homosexuals in America. They themselves are holding up the laws that are even in the Bible, the Judeo-Christian God but they seem to be more moral than even the American Christians..."". Maddow mentioned Dean's disclaimer on this particular report which said, ""We have never and will never call for the execution of homosexuals."" In May 2011, Maddow again reported on Dean's statements, this time in connection to Michele Bachmann, a potential presidential candidate at the time. In this report, Maddow did not reference Dean's claim that he did not call for homosexual executions. She instead stated, ""Foreign enemies rising up because Christians are not doing enough to kill the gays,"" and accused Dean and Bachmann of being ""bloodthirsty."" Dean made numerous statements opposing -rights, including advocating incarceration of homosexuals and going as far as to state that homosexuality is against the law in the United States. Dean accused the media, specifically MSNBC, as catering to ""progressives, meaning a generally secular, frequently atheist, pro-gay rights, socialist, and big-government market among its viewers."" + In response to media coverage, Dean wrote an editorial alleging that his statements were taken out of context, and produced a video which sought to rebut the media's reporting on his statements. Dean claimed her second report prompted death threats. On July 27, 2011, Dean initiated a defamation lawsuit against , Maddow, journalist Andy Birkey, and the , alleging that they intentionally misrepresented Dean's statements in order to advance a "" "", and seeking more than $50,000,000 in damages. Dean was represented in the case by right-wing attorney . Dean lost the case in June 2012, and was ordered to pay a total of $24,625.23 to defendants MSNBC & Rachel Maddow. Dean reacted to this defeat with the claim that ""Judges are to enforce the law, not to defend lawbreakers and then award them money."" + The nonprofit civil rights organization designated the organization as an anti-gay in March 2012.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/You_Can_Run_But_You_Cannot_Hide_International_%28logo%29.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Can_Run_But_You_Cannot_Hide_International
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Alfredo Molina - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Softredirarrow.svg/64px-Softredirarrow.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Alfredo_Molina
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with SNAC-ID identifiers - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 133,481 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_SNAC-ID_identifiers
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:United States Wikipedia administration - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_Wikipedia_administration
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Engvar - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Engvar
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru) - Wikipedia,"This is a tracking category for that use the parameter to identify a source in . Pages in this category should only be added by CS1 templates and . + + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 59,738 total. . + The following 17 files are in this category, out of 17 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)
+en.wikipedia.org,Abstatt - Wikipedia,"( ) is a in the district of in in southern . + Abstatt is situated in the south of the district of Heilbronn at the Schozach river. is about 10 kilometres (6 mi) to the northwest. + Neighbouring towns and villages of Abstatt are (clockwise from the west): , , (exclave town forest Etzlenswenden) and , which all belong to the district of Heilbronn. Abstatt has combined with Beilstein, Ilsfeld and Untergruppenbach to form a joint association of administrations called . + There are no further villages belonging to Abstatt, but there are two hamlets called Happenbach and Vohenlohe. + Abstatt was first mentioned documentary in 1293. In 1510 Abstatt came to Württemberg. The villages Happenbach and Vohenlohe were even administrated by Abstatt since the 18th century. In 1938 the municipality came to the district of Heilbronn which was founded this year. + Until the the municipality was characterized agri-culturally, later it developed into a residential area nearby . + Following the municipal election of 13 June 2004, the district council of Abstatt has 14 seats. The election result is as follows: + The mayor is also a member of the district council and its chairman. + : The municipal flag is red and white. + A seal of Abstatt from 1628 belonging to the Löwenstein County, contains the arms of : a lion. In 1907 the municipality asked for a new arms suggestion from the archive direction of Württemberg. Then the direction suggested the today's seal. Since it first was rejected as the conventional seal the direction made a second suggestion. However, the municipality decided to take the previous suggestion. The flag was given by the district of Heilbronn on September 5, 1980. + There's a relationship with in the . + Abstatt has a native museum at its disposal. + Abstatt is a wine-growing village whose area belongs to the Schozach valley in the wine-growing area Württemberg. There's a varietal named after a part of the municipality called Happenbach. + Abstatt is situated on the between the exits for and . + Since 2004 the is represented by a development area employing 5,800 people (October 2019). There's also the subsidiary company . Abstatt is the main site of the SAP system house belonging to . Steeb cares about the middle classes in SAP. + The international record label is also in Abstatt. + The informs about happenings in Abstatt within its edition SO, South-East. + Around the Wildeck Castle the carries on ecological . + Abstatt has a primary school including the municipal library at its disposal.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Abstatt_20061126.jpg/250px-Abstatt_20061126.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/DEU_Abstatt_COA.svg/64px-DEU_Abstatt_COA.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Abstatt_in_HN.png/240px-Abstatt_in_HN.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_location_map.svg/250px-Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_location_map.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Abstatt_Vohenlohe_20061126.jpg/300px-Abstatt_Vohenlohe_20061126.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/DEU_Abstatt_COA.svg/120px-DEU_Abstatt_COA.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Abstatt_Burg_Wildeck_04_20061126.jpg/300px-Abstatt_Burg_Wildeck_04_20061126.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Abstatt_Evangelische_Kirche_20070502.jpg/90px-Abstatt_Evangelische_Kirche_20070502.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Abstatt_Rathaus_20070502.jpg/120px-Abstatt_Rathaus_20070502.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Happenbach-buergerbuero.jpg/120px-Happenbach-buergerbuero.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Happenbach-backhaus-milchhaus.jpg/120px-Happenbach-backhaus-milchhaus.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Happenbach-brunnen.jpg/90px-Happenbach-brunnen.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Abstatt_Bosch_20061126.jpg/220px-Abstatt_Bosch_20061126.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Wappen_Landkreis_Heilbronn.svg/30px-Wappen_Landkreis_Heilbronn.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstatt
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/WikiBreak Enforcer - Wikipedia,"is a that prevents a user from before a certain date, to help enforce a . If the user logs in, they are automatically , but can still view or edit from the , or as a through their .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Full-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Full-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/18px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_User_scripts/Scripts/WikiBreak_Enforcer
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Use Indian English - Wikipedia,"Wikipedia articles that are written in , and with belong in this category. The spellings of the variant used in India correspond to British grammar. Use to add an article to this category. See . + This category has the following 145 subcategories, out of 145 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues - Wikipedia,"This category is for Wikipedia articles that have been tagged with multiple issues of Wikipedia maintenance. +Using {{ }} will add the article it is used on to this category. + + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 120,122 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians who contribute to the Spanish Wikipedia - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 364 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_who_contribute_to_the_Spanish_Wikipedia
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with authority control information - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 141 subcategories, out of 141 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Lua-Logo.svg/32px-Lua-Logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_authority_control_information
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia administration by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_administration_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia:English language - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia:English_language
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:CS1 foreign language sources - Wikipedia,"This is a tracking category for that use the parameter to identify non-English language sources. For an article to be categorized in a subcategory of this category, the value assigned to must have a MediaWiki-supported , , or the language name associated with those tags; multiple tags/names are supported an article may appear in multiple subcategories. This category should not contain individual articles. Articles in the subcategories should only be added to them by CS1 templates using . Subcategories in this category are ordered by language tag. + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 234 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_foreign_language_sources
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 33,443 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_MusicBrainz_area_identifiers
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Reforms - Wikipedia,have been discussed and implemented since the project started in 2001. This is a list of related pages:,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reforms
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles using English type template - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 23 subcategories, out of 23 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_using_English_type_template
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Article maintenance - Wikipedia,"Maintenance categories for the . + This category has the following 22 subcategories, out of 22 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Article_maintenance
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians who contribute to other language Wikipedias - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 82 subcategories, out of 82 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_who_contribute_to_other_language_Wikipedias
+en.wikipedia.org,Victor Haïm - Wikipedia,"(born 22 July 1935 in Asnières-sur-Seine) is a French playwright, actor, screenwriter, director and drama teacher. His works have been translated and performed in several countries. + He is the father of actress and director and dancer and comedian Judith Haim, known as Judith Réval. + Victor Lévy, who would later take the pen name Victor Haïm, was born in Asnières on July 22, 1935, into a family originally from . His parents then quickly moved to Nantes. The Second World War had dramatic consequences for his family, who had to take refuge in hiding in the Massif Central in 1941. His mother's entire family was exterminated. Returning to Nantes in 1945, he resumed his studies at the Lycée Jules Verne and then at the , and he entered, in parallel with his school studies, the Conservatoire d'art dramatique de Nantes, where he studied under the direction of Jacques Couturier. He graduated in 1954, without a prize but with a medal for diction. He then moved to Paris, where he studied literature, obtaining a master's degree in modern literature, and entered the . He found an internship at but his passions remained theater and writing. At that time, he wrote two plays that were never performed. + A few months after his marriage to Danielle Lévy, in 1957, he was sent to military service for 28 months, 14 of which were in Algeria. + Returning to Paris in 1960, he began a career as a journalist, first at Agence France Presse, then for an economic newspaper for three years, then for magazines. At the same time, he made a name for himself in 1963 as a playwright, writing for radio and television, and also for the stage, under the pen name Victor Haïm. He borrowed his father's middle name, Joseph Haïm Lévy. He ended his journalistic career in 1977, His first success was in 1963 with his play , which was created by , a professor at the Cours Dullin, and, in particular, , and . The play will be performed in more than twenty countries. His career was then launched in France and abroad - his works were translated into fifteen languages. In 1966, his play and, a year later, were new successes. From then on, he was supported by the Avant-Scène publishing house, which published his new works in their magazine and in the Collection des Quatre-Vents. + He diversified in 1970 by writing a play for puppets, an opera libretto and a ballet-comedy. From 1982 onwards, he wrote screenplays, his first work being , followed by (1977), (1994), (1996). In addition, he became a drama teacher in 1983, at the Théâtre de L'Ombre, then at the . He held this position until 1991. In 1992, he worked at the Regional School of Actors in Cannes, and two years later, at the Department of Culture and Communication at the . The French Theatre Centre of called on him to fill the post of secretary. + From 1976 onwards, he acted in his own plays. Her first role was in his play . + In 2003, he was awarded the for his work He was awarded Best Playwright. + (Pour son œuvre théâtrale)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Ha%C3%AFm
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia administration by topic - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_administration_by_topic
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Germanic languages on Wikipedia - Wikipedia,This category has only the following subcategory.,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Germanic_languages_on_Wikipedia
+en.wikipedia.org,Aetolia-Acarnania - Wikipedia,"( : , , ) is one of the . It is part of the of and the of . A combination of the historical regions of and , it is the country's largest regional unit. Its capital is for historical reasons, with its biggest city and economic centre at . The area is now connected with the peninsula via the . The surrounding regional units take in in , a narrow length bordering of , to the northeast, and to the east. + Mountains dominate the north, northeast, west and southeast, especially the . The longest and main river is the , which ends as a delta in wetlands to the southwest on a rich fertile valley. The second longest is ; others include the , the , and the (on the border with Phocis). The regional unit excludes the islands lying to its west, since they belong to the and regional units. There is one reservoir and a lake in its central part. The many mountains of the area span the toward the northeast and the , the and the mountains in the north, the in the southeast, the and in the south. + Lakes include the , the , , and , and artificial lakes and reservoirs include , , the largest lake in Greece since its creation in 1970, and . Two lagoons are found in the southern part of the regional unit: the and the . The lowest altitude in Greece is found in west Aetolia-Acarnania at about -10 meters from the sea level. + Its climate ranges from hot and humid summers, with temperatures often surpassing 40 °C, to mild and short winters in the low-lying areas, with cool winters dominating in the mountain areas. At the highest elevations, summers are cool, and snow and cold weather dominate the winter months in the Panaitoliko. + During the , between the 16th century until the , the region was called and formed a province ( ) in the . + Aetolia and Acarnania became a prefecture and merged to form Aetolia-Acarnania after the in the late-1820s; the prefecture included at the time, and it ranked second largest in Greece. Evrytania separated from the prefecture in 1948. In the 20th century, ferry services between and the began. and in the 1950s and the 1960s ferry services began to incorporate vehicles. Following and the a number of buildings needed to be repaired. + A drawbridge linking the island of Lefkada was built in the 1960s. The prefecture's first reservoir, created by the over the , was under construction in 1967 and completed in the early 1970s, delivering water and hydropower to western part of Greece. Villages were relocated at the time. Two more dams were added, the in the 1980s and another in the late 1980s. + The following years, GR-5 bypassed Messolonghi and Agrinion and GR-38 became connected with paved road with Eurytania and Phthiotida. In the late-1980s, the by-pass of Naupaktos began construction but after paving the road, the signs did not appear and until 1998, it was left unopened. In 1999, the road was re-repaired and finally opened to traffic. In 2000, the construction of the Rio-Antirio or the connecting the Peloponnese began construction and was opened to traffic in August 2004. The superhighway, the (Ionian Motorway) which will run centrally bypassing communities began construction in 2001 at a part between Messolonghi and the curve, this section remains to be unpaved, the rest of the highway is in plan but the opening date is not yet set. + A railway formerly served the places from and and served with the ferry with . In the 1980s, the service came to an end. + The regional unit Aetolia-Acarnania is subdivided into 7 municipalities. These are (number in parentheses corresponds to number in the infobox's map): + As a part of the , the regional unit Aetolia-Acarnania was created out of the former Aetolia-Acarnania ( : ). The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below. + Provinces no longer hold any legal status in .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2010_Dimi_Etoloakarnanias_numbered.svg/150px-2010_Dimi_Etoloakarnanias_numbered.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Nomos_Etoloakarnanias.png/250px-Nomos_Etoloakarnanias.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Trichonida_lake.jpg/220px-Trichonida_lake.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Acheloos_river_narrows_02.jpg/220px-Acheloos_river_narrows_02.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Agrinio-city-view.jpg/220px-Agrinio-city-view.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Messolonghi_lagoon.jpg/220px-Messolonghi_lagoon.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Nafpaktos_old_port.JPG/220px-Nafpaktos_old_port.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Amfilochia%2C_Etolio-Acarnania_prefecture%2C_Greece_-_City_at_night.jpg/220px-Amfilochia%2C_Etolio-Acarnania_prefecture%2C_Greece_-_City_at_night.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paravola_Agriniou.jpg/220px-Paravola_Agriniou.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Etoliko%2C_Etolia-Acarnania%2C_Greece_-_View_on_city_with_bridges.jpg/220px-Etoliko%2C_Etolia-Acarnania%2C_Greece_-_View_on_city_with_bridges.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Astakos0197.jpg/220px-Astakos0197.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vonitsa_-_Greece_-_View_from_the_sea.jpg/220px-Vonitsa_-_Greece_-_View_from_the_sea.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Periferia_Dytikis_Elladas.png/120px-Periferia_Dytikis_Elladas.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetolia-Acarnania
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Good articles/Reform - Wikipedia,"of these issues should take place on the project's . Firm proposals can then be added to this page. + + have been raised about the following issues: + The following links to may also be relevant: + + Various aspects of the process need to be discussed, before conclusions can safely be reached. In order to keep the various aspects in some order, the discussion has been broken into various sub-topics. + This working party is not a cabal, but merely a group of editors interested in GA, and who wish to improve the current processes. It is not a closed group. Those involved in these discussions include:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Historical.svg/30px-Historical.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/70px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Good_articles/Reform
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:English language - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total. + The following 89 pages are in this category, out of 89 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:English_language
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing video clips - Wikipedia,"This category aims to show all articles using embedded or thumbnailed Wikipedia/Wikimedia- . Do add articles where external videos are linked, like YouTube or similar. +For the use of videos in Wikipedia articles, see , and . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 9,901 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:20th-century French dramatists and playwrights - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 306 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/21px-P_culture.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_dramatists_and_playwrights
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Technology Wikipedia administration - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Technology_Wikipedia_administration
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Indo-European languages on Wikipedia - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Indo-European_languages_on_Wikipedia
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Germanic languages - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total. + The following 45 pages are in this category, out of 45 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Germanic_languages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages with Greek IPA - Wikipedia,"The following pages contain transcriptions of using . This category should never be added manually. + By default, the transcriptions are linked to the key. Transcriptions that do not adhere to the conventions of the key must have . + This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,396 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Greek_IPA
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Inactive project pages - Wikipedia,"This category contains Wikipedia that are currently inactive, and retained primarily for historical interest. This includes that failed to gain , pages related to processes that are no longer in use, or pages that are obsolete for some other reason. WikiProjects are not normally placed here but are instead tagged with . +Failed proposals can also be found at and dormant proposals and other archived pages can be found at . +Revival of inactive pages with new ideas and discussion is always welcome, though in some cases it may be better to start a separate page, especially when making a new proposal which is substantially different from the previous one. +Use to place pages in this category. + This category has the following 43 subcategories, out of 43 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 25,091 total. . + The following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/EUMETSAT_logo.jpg/120px-EUMETSAT_logo.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/75/Godey%27streeDec1850.GIF/79px-Godey%27streeDec1850.GIF|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Gondo1990.jpg/79px-Gondo1990.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Kendals-Pygmalion-1871.jpg/92px-Kendals-Pygmalion-1871.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/Leys_school_crest.svg/88px-Leys_school_crest.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Logo_of_the_Centre_for_Independent_Studies.png/120px-Logo_of_the_Centre_for_Independent_Studies.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Panasas_logo.svg/120px-Panasas_logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e4/Scott-Harvey-W-1874.jpg/79px-Scott-Harvey-W-1874.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Inactive_project_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after languages - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 530 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_languages
+en.wikipedia.org,2016 State of the Union Address - Wikipedia,"The was given by the 44th , , on January 12, 2016, at 9:00 p.m. , in the chamber of the to the . It was Obama's seventh and final and his to a . Presiding over this joint session was the , , accompanied by , the , in his capacity as the . + In an effort to expand on the presidential administration's use of the Internet to reach American citizens, the 2016 State of the Union Address broadcasts live on the White House website, as well as on the White House channel. + and were the for the 2016 address. + The Address was watched by 31.3 million viewers. + The President opened the speech by welcoming the Speaker, Vice President, Members of Congress, and fellow Americans. He noted that this was his eighth speech, and promised it would be shorter than usual, joking that he knew ""some of you are antsy to get back to Iowa."" He recognized people's generally low expectations for meaningful legislation due to 2016 being an election year, and thanked the House Speaker Paul Ryan for his help passing the budget and making tax cuts permanent for working families. He expressed hope that progress could be made on ""bipartisan priorities like criminal justice reform, and helping people who are battling prescription drug abuse."" + He then listed proposals for the year ahead, per tradition. They included helping students learn to write computer code, personalizing medical treatments for patients, fixing the immigration system he called broken, protecting US children from gun violence, achieving equal pay for equal work in a nod towards gender equality, implementing paid leave, and raising the minimum wage. + He then took a longer term approach and said he wanted focus on ""the next five years, ten years, and beyond."" He recognized that the country was in a time of technological change that was having a big impact on people's lives and the planet. The benefits technology brings to medical science and improving education for remote students were contrasted with the strain disruptive technologies place on working families, and the benefits terrorists gain from access to communication technologies. He called on America to overcome these fears and face the future with optimism. He also highlighted America's diversity, strong work ethic, and commitment to rule of law as things necessary to ensure prosperity and security. He stressed that these traits are what got the country through the recent economic crisis, and what led to affordable health care, the resurgence of the US energy sector, greater benefits for troops and veterans and the legal acceptance of Gay marriage. + He then listed what he called four big questions the country has to answer: + He praised the US economy as the strongest in the world, and noted the strong recent job growth, along with a reduction in deficits. He criticized those who claimed America's economy is in decline, as ""peddling fiction"". He noted that many jobs are vulnerable, giving workers less leverage, and the ability of jobs to relocate globally adds to the competitive challenge. He spoke of how this causes companies to be less loyal to communities, and leads to concentration of wealth at the top of the social system. He also pointed out that the composition of the modern workplace makes it harder for working-class people to succeed. + He then asked for support for programs to counteract this: ""providing Pre-K for all, offering every student the hands-on computer science and math classes that make them job-ready on day one, and we should recruit and support more great teachers for our kids."" He also asked for steps to make college more affordable, including a proposal to provide two years of community college at no cost for every student. He also pointed out the importance of savings and benefits for retirement. He called on strengthening social security and Medicare, and using the Affordable Care Act to cover people in the event of catastrophic health disasters. In addition to health protection, the President also suggested implementing training programs to help people who lose their jobs find new more modern jobs. Expanding tax cuts for low income families without children was also discussed. + He then spoke about the recent failure of the financial system, and pointed out that ""Food Stamp recipients didn’t cause the financial crisis; recklessness on Wall Street did."" He criticized businesses that avoided their tax bills by creating offshore accounts. He stressed how he wanted to empower small businesses and spread their best practices across the country. + He then addressed his second question, how to reignite the spirit of innovation in the country to meet challenges. He told the story of the Russians beating the US into space, and how that galvanized the US space program, leading to the first moonwalk. He mentioned the importance of an open Internet and taking steps to get more students and entrepreneurs online. + He then announced what he called ""a new moonshot"", for America to cure cancer. A was announced, with Joe Biden in charge. The importance of medical research was reiterated, and the topic was shifted to developing clean energy sources. After criticizing opponents of , he stressed that even for those who don't believe in global warming, they should embrace ""the chance for American businesses to produce and sell the energy of the future."" The success of earlier investments in clean energy such as wind power and solar energy, along with corresponding reductions in foreign oil imports, carbon pollution reductions and the current low price of gas were also highlighted. He asked for an increase in clean energy research, and a push for higher taxes for oil and gas production, to better reflect the cost to the environment of those fuels. The tax money would be earmarked for building 21st century transportation systems. + He then addressed the third question, how to ensure America's safety without either becoming isolationist or having to nation-build across the world. He highlighted the strength of the US military, and criticized those who claimed America was getting weaker as its enemies were getting stronger. He pointed out that failing states were the biggest threat to the US, not evil empires. He listed as his top priority ""protecting the American people and going after terrorist networks."" He discussed the threat of al Qaeda and ISIL, but pointed out that they did not threaten ""our national existence,"" and dismissed claims otherwise as harmful propaganda. He then detailed the American and 60 country coalition efforts to defeat terrorism and to ""cut off ISIL’s financing, disrupt their plots, stop the flow of terrorist fighters, and stamp out their vicious ideology. With nearly 10,000 air strikes, we are taking out their leadership, their oil, their training camps, and their weapons. We are training, arming, and supporting forces who are steadily reclaiming territory in Iraq and Syria."" + He called on Congress to authorize military force if they were ""serious about winning this war"", but also stated that even without military action the terrorists will not succeed. He invoked several high-profile captures and killings, including the deaths of Osama bin Laden and the leader of al Qaeda in Yemen, and the imprisonment of the perpetrator of the Benghazi attacks. He also addressed the broader threat to world peace, including ""many parts of the world — in the Middle East, in Afghanistan and Pakistan, in parts of Central America, Africa and Asia."" + To address these challenges, he called for ""a smarter approach, a patient and disciplined strategy that uses every element of our national power. It says America will always act, alone if necessary, to protect our people and our allies; but on issues of global concern, we will mobilize the world to work with us, and make sure other countries pull their own weight."" He pointed out how that was US strategy in Syria and Iran. The success in stamping out the recent Ebola epidemic was mentioned. The President also asked for support ratifying the , as a way to ""open markets, protect workers and the environment, and advance American leadership in Asia."" He then highlighted the restoration of diplomatic efforts with Cuba, after fifty years of isolation. He called on Congress to lift the embargo. + He then listed a few areas of American leadership: fighting climate change, defending Ukraine, resolving the war in Colombia, feeding the poor in Africa, ending HIV/AIDS and trying to eliminate Malaria. He reiterated an earlier campaign goal to shut down the prison at Guantanamo, citing the expense and how it is used as a recruiting tool for America's enemies. + This led to a condemnation of the current climate of bigotry. He asked that people not be targeted for their race and religion, and instead asked that Americans respect its diversity. He quoted “to imitate the hatred and violence of tyrants and murderers is the best way to take their place.” + He then invoked the opening words of the constitution, “We the People”, to transition into his fourth and final question, how to fix domestic politics. He acknowledged that people would not agree on everything and this was due to the size and diversity of the country, and the distributed power structure. He then called for a willingness to compromise and listen to others, and pointed out that the average person needed to feel as empowered as so-called special interests. + Obama then stated that one of the few regrets of his presidency was "" that the rancor and suspicion between the parties has gotten worse instead of better. There’s no doubt a president with the gifts of Lincoln or Roosevelt might have better bridged the divide, and I guarantee I’ll keep trying to be better so long as I hold this office."" He pointed out that he felt many of his listeners felt the same way, and have told him privately that systemic change is needed. He then mentioned two solutions: ending congressional redistricting to prevent politicians from picking who can vote for them, and implementing campaign finance reform. He acknowledged that change had to come from the people, not elected officials, and implored people to not give up. He called on Americans to vote, be heard and remain active in public life. + He invoked ordinary citizens he sees doing extraordinary and inspirational things, and concluded with ""Thank you, God bless you, and God bless the United States of America."" + gave the Republican response and Florida Congressman gave the party's official Spanish language response. + , chairman of the (2014–present) delivered the official rebuttal to the State of the Union. + member gave the response. + The response was given by , Craig Seeman, Andrea Mérida, Joe Manchik, Margaret Flowers, Arn Menconi, Joe DeMare, Shamako Noble, and Matt Funiciello.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/100px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/17px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address
+en.wikipedia.org,2016 Republican National Convention - Wikipedia,"The , in which delegates of the United States chose the party's nominees for and in the , was held July 18–21, 2016, at Quicken Loans Arena (now ) in , . The event marked the third time Cleveland has hosted the and the first since . In addition to determining the party's national , the convention ratified the . + There were 2,472 delegates to the Republican National Convention, with a simple majority of 1,237 required to win the presidential nomination. Most of those delegates were bound for the first ballot of the convention based on the results of the . On July 19, 2016, the convention formally nominated for president and for vice president. Trump and Pence went on to win the , defeating the Democratic ticket of and . + In 2016, both the Democratic and Republican conventions were held the instead of after, as was the case in 2008 and 2012. One reason the Republican Party scheduled their convention in July was to help avoid a longer, drawn-out primary battle similar to what happened in 2012, which left the party fractured heading into the general election and eventually led to losing the election to . The Democratic Party then followed suit, scheduling their convention in the week after the Republicans' convention, to provide a quicker response. On May 3, Republican National Committee chairman declared the presumptive nominee after Texas senator dropped out of the race. The next day, Ohio Governor suspended his campaign, effectively making Trump the presumptive Republican presidential nominee. Trump was the first presidential nominee of a major party since , the Republican candidate in , who has held neither political office nor a high military rank prior to his nomination. He was also the first presidential nominee of a major party without political experience since General first captured the Republican presidential nomination in . This was the first Republican National Convention to be held entirely in July since . and live streamed the convention via . + On April 2, 2014, the Republican National Committee announced that , , , , and were the finalists for hosting the convention. In late June 2014, Cleveland and Dallas were announced as the final two contenders to be the host city. Cleveland was selected on July 8, 2014. + The 2016 Cleveland Host Committee, an Ohio nonprofit corporation with no political affiliation, was the official and federally designated Presidential Convention Host Committee for the convention. It is responsible for ""organizing, hosting and funding"" the convention; it also aims ""to promote Northeast Ohio and ensure Cleveland is best represented, and to lessen the burden of local governments in hosting the 2016 Republican National Convention"". The Host Committee is composed of prominent Ohio business executives, civic leaders, and other community leaders. David Gilbert, CEO of and the Greater Cleveland Sports Commission, is the President and CEO of the host committee. Organizers have found it hard to raise the money needed to put on the convention, which is normally supported by corporate donations. Corporations that donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to the 2012 convention but nothing in 2016 include , , , and . Reluctance to be associated with Trump, or concern that the convention might be disrupted by floor fights or violence, were sometimes cited as factors in the decision to withhold funds. In July as the convention got under way, the Cleveland Host Committee said it had raised $58 million of its $64 million goal. They asked billionaire , who often contributes to Republicans, to make up the $6 million shortfall. + Quicken Loans Arena was selected in July 2014 as the host site for the 2016 Republican National Convention. The arena hosted the first Republican presidential debate of the 2016 election, aired by , on August 6, 2015. The convention was held July 18–21, 2016. + The Cleveland 2016 Host Committee, who ""facilitated construction of the 'cloakroom"" space' for Republican lawmakers, which consisted of an ""exclusive office, lounge and gathering space"" built on the Cleveland Cavaliers practice court, received $923,100 from the Friends of the House 2016 LLC"". Bank records obtained by the show that , , the , , , , and other trade and lobby groups ""funded a limited liability company called 'Friends of the House 2016 LLC' to pay for the 'cloakroom.' + The convention is designated as a , meaning that ultimate authority over goes to the and . A highly publicized by gun activists to allow the inside garnered 45,000 signatures; however, the Secret Service, which is in charge of convention security, announced that it would not allow guns in the arena (or the small ""secure zone"" immediately outside it ) during the event, releasing a statement in late March 2016 saying: ""Individuals determined to be carrying firearms will not be allowed past a predetermined outer perimeter checkpoint, regardless of whether they possess a ticket to the event."" The Secret Service has the authority to restrict guns, firearms or other weapons from entering any site where it is protecting an individual. + The received $50 million in federal grants to support local police operations during the event. With this grant money, the City of Cleveland sought to purchase over 2,000 personnel gear sets prior to the convention for $20 million, and the remaining $30 million was planned to be used for personnel expenses. Items such as , , and coolers have been banned by the City of Cleveland from the 1.7-square-mile ""event zone"" outside the convention hall by the City of Cleveland, but because of a statewide permitting the open carrying of guns, firearms are permitted. The Cleveland chapter of the raised concerns in March 2016 in a letter to city and county leaders about security at the convention, writing that police were unprepared for a ""possible mix of protesters and demonstrators brandishing guns."" The Cleveland Police Union also raised concerns similar to those raised by the local NAACP in March, writing that equipment and training for police was behind schedule. On July 16—the eve of the convention—the Cleveland Police Union asked Governor to temporarily suspend Ohio's state so as to block the carrying of guns within the event zone, but Kasich rejected the request, writing: ""Ohio governors do not have the power to arbitrarily suspend federal and state constitutional rights or state laws as suggested."" + Before the convention there were a number of online expeditions that may have been hackers looking for weak spots in the convention's network. The computer network of the had already been penetrated by , compromising, among other things, the database of opposition research on Trump. On July 17, 2016, reported that ""Cleveland has assigned about 500 police officers specifically to handle the convention and it has brought in thousands more officers to help, from departments as distant as and ."" + The wrote at the end of March 2016 that fears of a turbulent and volatile convention atmosphere were heightened because of a variety of factors: ""a city scarred by controversial police shootings and simmering with racial tension; a candidate [Trump] who has threatened that his supporters will riot if he comes with the most delegates but leaves without the nomination; and a police force with a reputation for brutality."" Concerns specifically focused on the ability of the to handle protests in the wake of the and cases, and a 2014 Department of Justice investigation that criticized the police department for having a pattern or practice of using ""unreasonable and unnecessary force."" Left-wing activists have been preparing for the convention since it was announced in 2014. In May 2016, the threatened to file a lawsuit on behalf of two activist groups, Citizens for Trump and a progressive group called Organize Ohio, asserting that protesters were being inhibited in their attempts to organize effectively by the city's delay in granting permits. As of May 19, six groups had filed for permits, but none had been granted. Cleveland stalled on approving and making public the demonstration applications it received, while Philadelphia (hosting the ) had already granted an application. The ACLU sued the city in on June 14, 2016. As of May 20, 2016, groups that have filed for protest permits have included the ; ; Organize Ohio, a group of progressive activists; the Citizens for Trump/Our Votes Matter March; Coalition to March on the RNC and Dump Trump; Stand Together Against Trump, an anti-Donald Trump group; People's Fightback Center/March Against Racism; and Created Equal, an . A pro-Trump group, Trump March RNC, withdrew its application after Trump became the presumptive nominee. + As Trump rose to become the presumptive presidential nominee of the Republican Party, a number of prominent Republicans announced they would not attend the convention. Of the living former Republican nominees for president, only 1996 nominee announced that he would attend the convention; Romney, , and all announced that they would skip the convention. A number of Republican , and , particularly those facing difficult reelection campaigns, also indicated that they would not attend, seeking to distance themselves from Trump and spend more time with voters in their home states. Most notably, Governor Kasich chose to avoid the convention, while Ohio attended the convention but avoided taking a major role in its proceedings. On July 8, 2016, Senator announced that he would not attend the convention. Many Republican senators did not attend the convention at all: Senator of , who would be "" with his wife""; Senator of , who said he had ""to mow his lawn""; and Senator of , who would be traveling in Alaska by . + +A number of prominent businesses and trade groups, including , and , scaled back participation in the convention, sharply reducing their contributions for convention events and sponsorship. In June, six major companies that sponsored the 2012 Republican convention— , , , , and —announced they would not sponsor the 2016 Republican convention. followed suit, announcing that it, too, would be withdrawing funding from the convention over Trump's position on certain election issues. + Seating arrangements for state and territorial delegations were announced on July 16, two days before the convention began. The Ohio and Texas delegations were assigned to the back of the convention hall, a move viewed as punishment for the delegations, as they did not back Trump in their respective primaries (Ohio and Texas voted for Kasich and Cruz, respectively). + There are four Convention committees, which met ahead of the convention for specific purposes under the rules of the Republican Party. Each committee is composed of one man and one woman from each state, the five U.S. territories, and the , totaling 112 members. Those committee members are selected by the 56 delegations, which determine on their own how to choose their representatives on each committee. Each of the committees met the week before the convention at the Huntington Convention Center in Cleveland. The committees are as follows: + The Rules Committee, which sets the rules of the convention and the standing rules that govern the party until the next convention, met on July 14. The rules it passes must be adopted by the full convention to take effect. This committee is regarded as the most powerful. It consists of 112 members, including one male delegate and one female delegate from each state, territory and Washington, D.C. Members of this committee are elected at state conventions. The Rules Committee was chaired by of and Ron Kaufman of . + In June 2016, activists and formed a group called , which described as ""an effort to convince delegates that they have the authority and the ability to vote for whomever they want."" Republican delegate Kendal Unruh led an effort among other Republican delegates to change the convention rules ""to include a 'conscience clause' that would allow delegates bound to Trump to vote against him, even on the first ballot at the July convention."" Following a ""marathon 15-hour meeting"" on July 14, 2016, the Rules Committee voted down, by a vote of 84–21, a move to send a ""minority report"" to the floor allowing the unbinding of delegates, thereby guaranteeing Trump's nomination. The committee then made the opposite move, voting 87–12 to include rules language specifically stating that delegates were required to vote based on their states' primary and caucus results. By a unanimous vote, the Rules Committee also voted to change Rule 40(b), a controversial rule that had provided that ""a candidate had to win a majority of the vote in eight states to have his or her name placed into nomination at the convention."" The committee voted to return to the pre-2012 rule, which required a candidate to receive only a plurality of the vote in at least five states to have his or her name placed in nomination. + The Platform Committee met for two days of open hearings on July 11 and 12 to draft a , which had to be ratified by the full convention. (See below). The Platform Committee was chaired by Senator of and co-chaired by Congresswoman of and of . + The Credentials Committee handles disputes on the eligibility of convention delegates. The Committee on Contests reviews contested delegates; if the Contests Committee recommends that a delegate be de-certified, the Credentials Committee considers the recommendation. The Rule Committee was chaired by , former chairman of the Republican National Committee, and co-chaired by chairman Doyle Webb. + The Committee on Arrangements handles the scheduling and logistics of the convention. The committee was chaired by Steve King, former chairman of the . + On July 12, 2016, the Republican Platform Committee completed work on a draft of the party's 2016 platform. The draft platform was described as ""very conservative"" and reflective of the party's move towards the right. + On domestic policy, the draft platform opposed abortion without exceptions. The platform committee adopted a provision, proposed by , expressing opposition to any restriction on . The platform called for ""certain "" to be immediately transferred to state ownership where they could be . The platform did not specify whether the lands would include , , or . The platform called ""a public health crisis that is destroying the life of millions"" and encouraged states to fight it. The platform also called for the teaching of the in public schools. + On foreign policy, the members of the platform committee were split between "" -minded "" and ""national security ."" The latter camp won on almost every point, voting down measures that would have condemned ongoing U.S. involvement in Middle Eastern wars and approving language promoting increased military spending. One plank reflected a more isolationist approach, eliminating references to giving weapons to in its fight with and ; the removal of this language reportedly resulted from intervention from staffers to presumptive Republican presidential nominee . The draft platform opposed a to the . While the 2012 Republican platform called for passage of the (TPP), the draft 2016 platform did not mention the agreement; this omission reflected the influence of Trump, who opposed the trade pact. The draft platform expressly echoed Trump's call for a wall to be built on the . + The most contentious discussions held by the platform committee were discussions of social issues, particularly issues of sexuality and gender. The draft platform took a traditionalist view on social issues, criticizing ""how the modern American family has evolved"". Many platform planks expressing ""disapproval of , or ""—championed by , the president of the —passed. The draft platform called for overturning , the Supreme Court decision on same-sex marriage, by a . The platform also called for the appointment of judges ""who respect traditional family values"". The draft platform promoted state legislation to limit restroom access to persons of the same biological sex. It also stated that ""natural marriage"" is between a man and a woman, asserting that such unions are best for children. The draft platform also expressed support for allowing parents to seek ""the proper medical treatment and therapy for their minor children""; this language was believed to allude to parental freedom to engage in with their minor children. + Rachel Hoff, a delegate who is the first openly gay member of a Republican platform committee, offered several pro-LGBT platform amendments. Each proposal failed. Hoff's proposal for language ""stating that marriage is a fundamentally important institution and that 'there are diverse and sincerely held views on marriage' within the party"" failed in an unofficial vote of 30 to 82. An amendment was also offered to recognize that gay people are targeted by ; the delegates who introduced this amendment sought to signal inclusion of the gay community. The amendment was opposed by conservative delegates (such as of Indiana, who termed such an amendment ""identity politics"") and was voted down. + The 2016 Republican Party platform submitted by the Platform Committee was adopted by the Convention on July 18, 2016. + Giovanni Cicione of , a platform committee member, led ""a dissident group of Republican delegates"" who opposed the provisions of the draft platform relating to sexuality and gender and sought to replace the entire platform with a two-page ""statement of principles"" that avoided controversial issues like same-sex marriage. Cicione tried to force a debate and vote on the platform from the of the convention. Cicione's effort was unsuccessful; the delegates approved the platform by voice vote, with only a few scattered ""nays"" audible. + After the Indiana primary on May 3, 2016, became the presumptive nominee as the lone remaining running for the . Under rules established by previous Republican conventions, most delegates were bound on the first ballot according to the results of the primaries. A simple majority of 1,237 delegates was needed to win the nomination. Entering the convention, Trump was seen as the presumptive nominee and had the support of a comfortable majority of the delegates. + On the afternoon of July 18, 2016, a group of delegates sought to force a roll-call vote on the proposed convention rules package adopted by the Rules Committee. Some who demanded a roll call vote sought to change the party rules package to ""unbind"" delegates so that on the first ballot, delegates could ""vote their conscience"" and conceivably block Trump from being nominated on the first ballot; such a move would also ""allow Trump opponents a platform to argue against"" Trump. Others demanding a roll call vote were seeking to reform party rules to decentralize power from the RNC and make changes for the 2020 primary process. + That morning, a petition for a roll call vote was submitted with the signatures of a majority of delegates from ten states. That afternoon, the Presiding Officer, Rep. of Arkansas, did not recognize delegates clamoring for recognition over the rules package for the convention. Womack first declared the was ordered by despite loud cries of objection. The rules were then adopted by , prompting loud cries of protest from delegates demanding recognition for a roll-call vote. Finally, Womack declared that a was by unanimous consent, again to cries of objection. With loud cries throughout the convention hall, Womack abandoned the podium for several minutes, allowing RNC and Trump whips to work the floor and collect withdrawal signatures from the petition for a roll call vote. Womack then reappeared and, again using unanimous consent, stated he would put the question of adopting the rules to the convention for a voice vote a second time. A second voice vote was taken. Womack then recognized the leader of the Utah delegation, who requested a roll call vote. Womack denied the motion, ruling that there were insufficient signatures to compel such a vote, and announcing that while there had initially appeared to be nine state delegations that agreed to the roll-call vote, enough signatures had since been withdrawn to cause three states to fall below the threshold, thus missing the required seven states needed. It was reported that Trump campaign aides and RNC staff worked on the floor to persuade delegates to withdraw their support and ""challenged the validity of various signatures."" Delegates, including Senator of Utah, sought recognition and repeatedly called for a , but were ignored by Womack, and reportedly had their microphones turned off. Lee said he had ""never seen anything like this"" after Womack declined to recognize their objections and walked off the stage, and , the Virginia delegation chairman, said the RNC ""cheated"" and ""violate[d] their own rules."" The process prompted the Colorado delegation to walk out in protest. + , from , formally nominated Trump for president, with , from , and , , seconding the nomination. Trump won the presidential nomination on July 19, 2016 on the first ballot with 69.8% of the delegates, the lowest percentage of delegates won by the Republican nominee since the . The vice presidential nomination was held immediately after the presidential nomination. , the , nominated Indiana governor for vice president. Trump had announced his of Pence as his preferred running mate the weekend before the start of the convention. Pence won the vice presidential nomination by acclamation. + All of the delegates from Iowa, Alaska, Utah and the District of Columbia were recorded and counted for Trump, despite the fact that Trump lost all three contests, and most of the members of those delegations had voted for other candidates. The Alaska delegation challenged the award of votes to Trump by the RNC Secretary and the Utah delegation booed when its delegates were awarded to Trump, but was reminded by the RNC Chairman that the rules for these two states required the votes to be awarded to whichever candidate was still in the race for the RNC Nomination for President, and that Cruz, Rubio, and the other candidates that had withdrawn from the race had forfeited these delegates based on the RNC nomination rules. + In April 2016, Trump vowed to bring ""some "" to the convention, criticizing the party's , as ""the single most boring convention I've ever seen."" The convention's lineup of speakers lacked ""many of the party's rising stars"" and rather featured some of Trump's ""eclectic collection of friends, celebrities and relatives."" reported that Trump was directly involved in details of convention plans, seeking ""to maximize the drama and spectacle"" of the four-night event. A large number of prominent Republican elected officials said they were not interested in attending the convention or even speaking at it, seeking to distance themselves from Trump. The Trump campaign considered the idea of having Trump speak all four nights at the convention – a break from the traditional practice of the presidential nominee taking the stage only on the final night of the convention. Ultimately, Trump decided not to speak every night. Trump also initially stated that he would announce his vice-presidential running mate at the convention itself, rather than before the convention, with a campaign staffer saying that ""announcing the vice-presidential nominee before the convention is like announcing the winner of before the final episode is on the air."" Trump's campaign eventually announced plans to announce a running mate the week before the convention and named as his running mate on July 15, 2016. + A number of figures that Trump said he would invite to speak, including boxing promoter , former and quarterback , were not included in the lineup. Trump wanted King to speak at the convention and raised the issue several times, reportedly until Republican National Committee chairman ""firmly explained"" to Trump that King should not be invited due to his past conviction. Former coach , a Trump supporter, declined an invitation to speak. An early roster of speakers obtained by the media listed former quarterback as a speaker, but Tebow later dismissed this as a rumor and did not appear at the convention. , a prominent rabbi, was initially set to appear at the convention to deliver the opening prayer (having accepted an invitation to do so from , a congregant), but after hundreds of American urged him to withdraw from the convention, Lookstein pulled out. + Trump sought to bar those who have not endorsed him from addressing the convention, making comments aimed at the former primary rivals who have declined to endorse him – Bush, , and . However, both Senator of Florida and Senator of Texas, who ran against Trump for the Republican nomination and lost, were eventually placed on the speakers' schedule, although ""neither ... paid the expected price of that spotlight by offering an explicit endorsement."" Cruz met with Trump two weeks before the convention and accepted an invitation to speak. Rubio was initially not offered a speaking slot and was expected to skip the convention, but on July 17, 2016, it was confirmed that Rubio would address the convention via recorded video. Neither Rubio nor Cruz were listed as ""headliner"" speakers. + Governor Kasich did not enter the convention hall or speak at the convention, despite overtures from Trump allies Priebus and – who, along with , lost the running mate job to Pence – and top Trump campaign advisor . Kasich said: ""If I'm going to show up at the convention and I'm not going to be saying all these great things about the host, then I think it's inappropriate. I don't think that's the right thing to do."" Kasich attended events outside the convention hall in support of down-ballot Republican candidates. As the convention began, the Trump campaign lashed out at Kasich for his failure to endorse, prompting an exchange that called ""remarkably bitter"" and ""the latest extraordinary turn in a campaign that has veered sharply away from political precedent."" Manafort called Kasich ""petulant"" and accused him of ""embarrassing his party,"" prompting Kasich chief political aide to mock Trump and criticize Manafort for his work on behalf of foreign ""thugs and autocrats"" abroad. + On July 17, 2016, the convention planners released the convention's official schedule of events and speakers, along with themes. (An early, preliminary roster of speakers, ""confirmed by two people with direct knowledge of the convention planning,"" had been obtained and published by the several days earlier.) The schedule of speakers is as follows: + John Tiegen + Kelly Terry-Willis + Sabine Durden + Jamiel Shaw + Chair of the + Republican candidate in the + 17th + CEO of The Underground Movement + United States Senator from + Leader of the + U.S. Congressman from + Republican nominee for Vice President in the + U.S. Congressman from + Retired + + + Wife of Newt Gingrich + Republican nominee for Vice President in the + Founder of Korean Americans for Trump + RNC Delegate from + Co-founder of + Of the 19 speakers billed as ""headliners,"" six are members of the Trump family: Trump himself, his wife Melania and four of his children, Ivanka, Don Jr., Eric and Tiffany. + These speeches received a significant amount of media attention. + From a young age, my parents impressed on me the values that you work hard for what you want in life: that your word is your bond and you do what you say and keep your promise; that you treat people with respect. "" + Melania Trump's speech ""almost immediately came under scrutiny when striking similarities were discovered between her speech"" and 's speech at the . The Trump campaign at first denied allegations of . Campaign manager Paul Manafort argued that the speech contained ""not that many similarities"" and the words used are not unique words ""that belong to the Obamas."" + Following Trump's speech, Jarrett Hill was the first to report that the speech had large similarities. Later, Chris Harrick, Vice President of Marketing at the plagiarism prevention service , later reported that Trump used about 6% of Michelle Obama's words and found two types of plagiarism, ""clone"" and ""find and replace"". Various media outlets suggested that members of should respond to the accusations, which they did a few hours after the speech in the form of the following statement by the campaign's senior communications advisor, : ""In writing [the] speech, Melania's team of writers took notes on her life's inspirations, and in some instances included fragments that reflected her own thinking. Melania's immigrant experience and love for America shone through in her speech, which made it a success."" + , chairman of the , described the speech as ""inspirational"" but said if plagiarism were found, he thought ""it certainly seems reasonable"" to fire the person who wrote the speech. , Donald Trump's campaign chairman, called it a ""great speech"" and said ""obviously Michelle Obama feels very similar sentiments toward her family"". He later said ""to think that she would be cribbing Michelle Obama's words is crazy"", adding ""This is once again an example of when a woman threatens Hillary Clinton, she seeks out to demean her and take her down. It's not going to work against Melania Trump."" Sean Spicer, director of communications for the Republican National Committee, defended the speech by saying that similar statements have existed before her speech such as quotes by , , and from . + David Lauter of the stated that while these allegations are unlikely to cost Trump votes, the distraction is unhelpful, referring to it as a ""lost opportunity"" for the campaign. + On July 20, 2016, the Trump campaign issued a statement by which included the following: + In working with Melania on her recent first lady speech, we discussed many people who inspired her and messages she wanted to share with the American people. A person she has always liked is Michelle Obama. Over the phone, she read me some passages from Mrs. Obama's speech as examples. I wrote them down and later included some of the phrasing in the draft that ultimately became the final speech. + On July 20, two days after Melania's speech, McIver wrote that Donald Trump declined her offer to resign. + In the second night of the convention, Governor gave a speech in a style of a . After a series of accusations against Hillary Clinton to which his audience responded ""guilty"", the crowd chanted ""lock her up"". The crowd's reaction has received widespread coverage following the speech. The ""lock her up"" chant was later uttered by supporters of before the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Clinton responded to the chant in an interview on by saying that it saddened her. + If you love our country, and love our children as much as you do, stand, and speak, and vote your conscience, vote for candidates up and down the ticket who you trust to defend our freedom, and to be faithful to the constitution."" + In the third night of the convention, Senator of Texas gave a speech in which he did not endorse Trump for president, and instead urged listeners to ""vote your conscience, vote for candidates up and down the ticket who you trust to defend our freedom and to be faithful to the Constitution."" Pro-Trump delegates were enraged at Cruz's speech, shouting him down and booing him off the stage, in what was described by the as ""the most electric moment of the convention."" Convention security personnel and Cruz advisor escorted Cruz's wife out of the hall, fearing for her safety. spoke after Cruz and said: ""I had the text of what Ted Cruz was gonna say, and I thought it was funny,"" Gingrich said. ""I mean, Ted gets up and he says, 'Look, vote your conscience for someone who will support the Constitution.' Well, in this particular election year, that by definition cannot be for Hillary Clinton."" The following morning, Cruz attended a contentious meeting with delegates representing Texas that resulted in what labeled ""a remarkable 25-minute back-and-forth with his own constituents, defying appeals from his own Texas delegation to put the party above his inhibitions and back Trump."" + Cruz's speech sparked a backlash and elicited negative reactions from prominent Republicans supporting Trump. New Jersey governor and former presidential candidate called the speech ""awful"" and ""selfish."" New York Representative called Cruz a ""fraud"" and a ""self-centered liar."" Senator of Indiana responded that Cruz was a ""self-centered, narcissistic, pathological liar."" Representative of Tennessee, when asked about Cruz's speech, responded that she ""would tell [Cruz] the same thing I would tell my kids, 'get over yourself.'"" , chair of the , confronted Cruz after his speech and labeled Cruz a ""traitor to the party."" In addition, Cruz was denied entry to influential Republican donor 's suite at the convention. Conservative radio host speculated that Cruz was trying to mimic 's speech at the , in that ""he wanted to deliver a speech that was Reaganesque in that the delegates would walk out of there thinking that they should have nominated him. He didn't get there."" Instead, Limbaugh compared his speech to 's at the , in which he failed to endorse President , the nominee, by putting his own interests ahead of the interests of the party. According to CNN, in the wake of Cruz's non-endorsement of Trump at the RNC, his critics believe that an intraparty challenge could be possible. GOP donors and Texas politicians have asked Representative to run against him in the next cycle's Texas primary in 2018. McCaul, a representative for six terms and chair of the House Homeland Security Committee, has not yet made a decision but likewise has not yet ruled out a possible Senate run. Later, on September 23, 2016, Cruz publicly endorsed Trump for president. + Instead of going to Mars, we invaded the Middle East. … It's time to end the era of stupid wars and rebuild our country. When I was a kid, the great debate was about how to defeat the Soviet Union, and we won. Now we are told that the great debate is about who gets to use which bathroom. This is a distraction from our real problems. Who cares? + , a billionaire co-founder and investor, delivered a manifesto for tackling the greater issues of the day, focusing on technology, the economy and small government. +Thiel also affirmed his pride to be ""gay, a Republican and most of all an American"", a stance that earned him a standing ovation, chanting ""USA!"". It was the first time in the history of Republican National Conventions that a speaker identified himself as gay in his speech, although there have been previous speeches by gay men. + Trump, having been formally nominated as the Republican presidential nominee on the second night of the convention, spoke on the fourth and final night of the convention. Trump's speech was leaked hours in advance by , a liberal-leaning , though Trump had already given copies of his speech to the network press pool. Trump's daughter, , introduced Trump in a speech immediately before his own speech. "" "" was used as the entrance music for Ivanka Trump. The estate complained about the use of this song, which his family said was ""offensive and against the wishes of the George Harrison estate."" + Trump spoke for 75 minutes, making his speech the longest since at least the and one of the longest acceptance speeches ever in major-party convention history. In his speech, Trump stated that America faces a ""crisis"" due to ""attacks on our police"" and ""terrorism in our cities,"" and emphasized an important theme in his campaign: . In evaluating the speech, Glenn Thrush of noted the influence of , , , and , all of whom sounded similar themes earlier in American history in attempts to win over the "" "". Trump also promised to limit American participation in global crises and trade deals. When Trump turned to the subject of , many in the audience began shouting ""Build the wall, build the wall,"" referring to a signature promise of Trump's campaign to on the . Trump also repeatedly attacked President and the Democratic presumptive nominee, , arguing that the country and world had become less safe during their time in office. However, Trump attempted to reach out to supporters of defeated Democratic candidate , as well as down-and-out urbanites. In his speech, Trump also became the first Republican nominee to mention the LGBT community in a GOP nomination address, saying, ""As your president, I will do everything in my power to protect our LGBTQ citizens from the violence and oppression of a hateful foreign ideology."" + Philip Rucker and of found Trump's speech to be ""relentlessly gloomy,"" and observed that Trump painted himself as an agent of change, while he cast Clinton as a defender of the status quo. Trump's speech was dubbed the ""Mourning in America"" speech. Niall Stanage of argued that Trump's speech brought stability to a turbulent convention and showed Trump at his ""most comfortable and energized."" A poll found largely positive reactions among ""GOP political insiders"" while Democrats argued that Trump's ""dark"" speech would prove damaging. released a cover story the next day by Michael Goodwin praising Trump's speech, declaring it ""the speech of his life,"" and also saying that the speech ""could signal the start of an American revival."" Ratings figures released by the major networks showed that approximately 32 million viewers watched Trump's speech, slightly ahead of the number that watched 's 2012 speech. + Some LGBT advocates critiqued Trump's reference to LGBT people, on the ground that it stood in contrast to positions he had taken on LGBT issues during the campaign; activists such as of the and Rick Zbur of suggested that the statement was an attempt to turn LGBT people against Muslims and pit minority groups against each other. + A survey found that 35% of Americans saw Trump's speech positively (either ""excellent"" or ""good""), while 36% saw it negatively. According to Gallup, the speech had ""the least positive reviews of any speech we have tested after the fact."" 36% of Americans said the convention made them more likely to vote for Trump, while 51% said it made them less likely to vote for him. This is the highest ""less likely to vote"" percentage for a candidate in the 15 times Gallup has asked this question after a convention. It is also the first time in Gallup's convention polling that a Democratic or Republican convention has made more say that they are less likely to vote for the party's nominee. + According to a CNN/ORC poll, the public rendered a split decision on whether the convention made them more or less likely to back Trump, with 42% saying more likely while 44% saying less so. 40% called the speech ""excellent or good,"" and about half of voters (45%) said Trump's speech reflected the way they feel about things in the U.S. today. However, some negative numbers included the fact that 18% called Trump's speech ""terrible,"" which was the highest number recorded in that category by CNN since it first started to ask the question in 1996. + According to FiveThirtyEight, poll averages suggested a post-convention bounce of 3 to 4 percentage points for Trump. + The number of demonstrators was significantly lower than expected and, according to Cleveland records, three of five officially permitted protests planned for the first three days of the convention did not occur. Lower-than-expected was attributed to a variety of factors, including ""fear of violence from the police and fear of violence from the Trump supporters""; Cleveland's relatively small size compared to cities such as Chicago or New York; and a heavy police presence. + On July 18, the convention's first day, dueling anti-Trump and pro-Trump demonstrations took place at various places in Cleveland, attracting several hundred demonstrators each. The demonstrations were peaceful, with just two reported arrests. + On July 19, the convention's second day, peaceful protests continued. Demonstrators included those from groups such as the antiwar organization and from the West Ohio Minutemen, a . Three people were arrested for for climbing flag poles and hanging a banner at the , bringing the total number of convention-related arrests to five. A brief scuffle between supporters of pro-Trump and anti-Trump protesters was quickly broken up by police. On July 21, the final day of the convention, Jones and interrupted a broadcast of 's , leading to a confrontation between Jones, Stone, and Uygur. + On July 20, the convention's third day, seventeen people were arrested, and two officers sustained minor injuries. The reported: ""News reports and videos circulated on social media about the increasingly tense nature of protests that have included activists from , the and the , in addition to ardent supporters for Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton."" + On July 21, the final day of the convention, Donald Trump's acceptance speech was briefly interrupted by Code Pink activist . + The demonstrations were generally peaceful. Some demonstrators expressed disappointment at the low turnout. In contrast, the saw a larger turnout and more arrests than the Republican 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+en.wikipedia.org,Romain Coolus - Wikipedia,"(25 May 1868 – 9 September 1952), who used the pseudonym , was a French , and film .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%28Albi%29_M._Romain_Coolus_-_Toulouse-Lautrec_1899_-_MTL.204.jpg/220px-%28Albi%29_M._Romain_Coolus_-_Toulouse-Lautrec_1899_-_MTL.204.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Signature_Romain_Coolus.png/150px-Signature_Romain_Coolus.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%28Albi%29_Romain_Coolus_%281906%29_-_Edouard_Vuillard_-_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay.jpg/220px-%28Albi%29_Romain_Coolus_%281906%29_-_Edouard_Vuillard_-_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romain_Coolus
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:List of articles with Perl source code - Wikipedia,This is a list of articles which contain programming examples with written in the :,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Historical.svg/30px-Historical.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Softredirarrow.svg/64px-Softredirarrow.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_articles_with_Perl_source_code
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Languages on Wikipedia - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Languages_on_Wikipedia
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Germanic culture - Wikipedia,"This is a category of things pertaining to the Germanic languages, Germanic peoples, and all other things dealing with Germanic culture. + This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Germanic_culture
+en.wikipedia.org,Anafiotika - Wikipedia,"( : ) is a scenic tiny neighborhood of the center of , part of the old historical neighborhood called . It lies on the northeast side of the . The first houses were built in the era of , when workers from the island of came to Athens in order to work as construction workers in the refurbishment of King Othon's Palace. The first two inhabitants were listed as G. Damigos, carpenter, and M. Sigalas, construction worker. Soon, workers from other Cycladic islands also started to arrive there, to work as carpenters or even stone and marble workers, in a further building reconstruction period in Athens, but also in the following era after the end of the reign of King Otto. + In 1922, also established here, altering the population that was up to that time only from the Cycladic islands. In 1950, part of this neighborhood was destroyed for archeological research and in 1970 the state started to buy the houses. In the modern era, there are only 45 houses remaining, while the little streets from Stratonos to the Acropolis rock are still unnamed and the houses are referred to as ""Anafiotika 1"", ""Anafiotika 2"", etc. + The neighborhood was built according to typical Cycladic architecture, and even nowadays gives to visitors the feel of Greek islands in the heart of the city, with white walls and small spaces, usually with the presence of flowers. Houses are small and mostly cubic, small streets that often end up to ladders or even deadends at terraces, where one can sit and enjoy the night view of the city. ...",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Anafiotika.JPG/250px-Anafiotika.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Anafiotika_in_Athens.svg/250px-Anafiotika_in_Athens.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Acropolis_view_from_Plaka.jpg/220px-Acropolis_view_from_Plaka.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anafiotika
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia namespace categories - Wikipedia,This category has only the following subcategory.,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_namespace_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Languages - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 20 subcategories, out of 20 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Languages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles to be expanded from October 2017 - Wikipedia,"This category contains all articles needing expansion from October 2017, to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a subcategory of . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 348 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_October_2017
+en.wikipedia.org,Wisconsin's 1st congressional district - Wikipedia,"is a of the in southeastern , covering , , and most of , as well as portions of and . The district's current Representative is . + Among the district's previous representatives are and and 2012 -nominee . + A slightly -leaning district, it was carried by in with 53%; the district voted for over in , 51.40–47.45% and the district voted for over Barack Obama in , 52.12%–47.88%. It stayed Republican in 2016, with a plurality of voters polling for Donald Trump. + + + + + + Currently, it is a swing district that leans Republican, although it was redrawn to be more Democratic-leaning in 2022.","https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Wisconsin%27s_1st_congressional_district_%28since_2023%29_%28square%29.svg/100px-Wisconsin%27s_1st_congressional_district_%28since_2023%29_%28square%29.svg.png|https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,42.7,-88.3,400x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Wisconsin%27s+1st+congressional+district&revid=1220071225&groups=_a8a09e7d14bb534e786f1c716671fcbcd90c2ece|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/William_Pitt_Lynde_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg/100px-William_Pitt_Lynde_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1848_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1848_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Charles_Durkee.jpg/100px-Charles_Durkee.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/1849_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1849_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Daniel_Wells%2C_Jr._%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg/100px-Daniel_Wells%2C_Jr._%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/JFPotter.jpg/100px-JFPotter.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/James_Sproat_Brown.png/100px-James_Sproat_Brown.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1861_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1861_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Halbert_Eleazer_Paine3.jpg/100px-Halbert_Eleazer_Paine3.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Alexander_Mitchell_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg/100px-Alexander_Mitchell_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Woodcut_of_CG_Williams_ca_1870.jpg/100px-Woodcut_of_CG_Williams_ca_1870.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/1872_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1872_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/JohnWinans.jpg/100px-JohnWinans.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/1882_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1882_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lucien_B._Caswell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/100px-Lucien_B._Caswell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/ClintonBabbitt.jpg/100px-ClintonBabbitt.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/HenryACooper.jpg/100px-HenryACooper.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/1892_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1892_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1902_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1902_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/1912_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1912_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/CliffordERandall.jpg/100px-CliffordERandall.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/HenryACooper.jpg/100px-HenryACooper.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ThomasRyumAmlie_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-ThomasRyumAmlie_%28cropped%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/George_Washington_Blanchard.jpg/100px-George_Washington_Blanchard.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/1931_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1931_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ThomasRyumAmlie_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-ThomasRyumAmlie_%28cropped%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Stephen_Bolles_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg/100px-Stephen_Bolles_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lawrence_H._Smith_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg/100px-Lawrence_H._Smith_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gerald_T._Flynn_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg/100px-Gerald_T._Flynn_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Henry_C._Schadeberg.jpg/100px-Henry_C._Schadeberg.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lynn_E._Stalbaum_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg/100px-Lynn_E._Stalbaum_%28Wisconsin_Congressman%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1963_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1963_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Henry_C._Schadeberg.jpg/100px-Henry_C._Schadeberg.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lee_Aspin.jpg/100px-Lee_Aspin.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/1972_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1972_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/1982_WI_Cong_01.svg/150px-1982_WI_Cong_01.svg.png|https: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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Use mdy dates from July 2016 - Wikipedia,"Wikipedia articles (tagged in this month) that use ""mm dd yyyy"" date formats, whether by application of the rule or by virtue of to the subject, belong in . Use or to add an article to this category. See . + This system of tagging/categorisation is used as a status monitor of all articles that use mm dd yyyy date formats. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 844 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2016
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Perl software - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 47 pages are in this category, out of 47 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Perl_software
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Languages - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. + The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Languages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Germanic peoples - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Germanic_peoples
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Architecture of Athens - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Architecture_of_Athens
+en.wikipedia.org,Category talk:Wikipedia namespace categories - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gnome-fs-directory_yellow.svg/25px-Gnome-fs-directory_yellow.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gnome-fs-directory_yellow.svg/80px-Gnome-fs-directory_yellow.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_talk:Wikipedia_namespace_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Language - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 35 subcategories, out of 35 total. + The following 56 pages are in this category, out of 56 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Language
+en.wikipedia.org,Murder at the Vanities - Wikipedia,"is a 1934 American based on the 1933 Broadway show with music by . It was released by . It was directed by , stars , , , , , , and . and His Orchestra are featured in the elaborate ""Ebony Rhapsody"" number. + The film is primarily a musical, based on 's long-running , combined with a murder mystery. Songs featured in the film by and include "" "" sung by Brisson, ""Sweet Marijuana"" sung by Michael, ""Where Do They Come From (and Where Do They Go)"" sung by Carlisle, and ""Ebony Rhapsody"" performed by Duke Ellington and His Orchestra and sung by Michael. In the film, , , and had small roles as . It was released on DVD (as part of a six-disc set entitled ""Pre-Code Hollywood Collection"") on April 7, 2009. + Jack Ellery (Oakie) is staging a lavish musical revue, starring Eric Lander (Brisson), Ann Ware (Carlisle), and Rita Ross (Michael), supported by a cast of a hundred background singers/dancers (almost all women, and many scantily clad) and two full orchestras. On opening night, just before the show, somebody tries to kill Ware several times. Ellery calls in police lieutenant Murdock (McLaglen) of the homicide squad to investigate. During the show a private detective and then Rita are murdered. Ellery hides this from the rest of the performers, claiming the victims are just sick, and talks Murdock into investigating while the revue continues on, otherwise Ellery will go broke. + Several twists and turns follow, but finally the murders are solved just after the show ends. In the last scene, Nancy (Wing), a squeaky pretty blonde showgirl, finally gets to tell Ellery and Murdock what she has attempted to tell Ellery several times throughout the show. However, he kept putting her off, she was just trying to gain his attention, and he was too busy staging the show. She actually had a vital piece of information that would have solved the first murder much sooner, and might have prevented the second murder. Now that the show is over and a success, Ellery's attention is finally on her, and they go out for the night to celebrate. She giggles once again and moves off in front of him, and then Oakie breaks the just momentarily, looking into the camera with a devilish grin, before he follows her. + The film was a box office disappointment for Paramount.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/de/Poster_from_1934%27s_Murder_at_the_Vanities.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_at_the_Vanities
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Use mdy dates from August 2020 - Wikipedia,"Wikipedia articles (tagged in this month) that use mm dd yyyy date formats, whether by application of the rule or by virtue of to the subject belong in this category. Use to add an article to this category. See . + This system of tagging or categorisation is used as a status monitor of all articles that use mm dd yyyy date formats, and as a clean up. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 5,017 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2020
+en.wikipedia.org,Jim Copeland (cyclist) - Wikipedia,"(born March 18, 1962) is an American former . He competed in the at the . + This biographical article relating to American cycling is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bicycle_with_Rider.svg/30px-Bicycle_with_Rider.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Copeland_(cyclist)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Software by programming language - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Software_by_programming_language
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Linguistics - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 24 pages are in this category, out of 24 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Linguistics
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Indo-European peoples - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 22 subcategories, out of 22 total. + The following 28 pages are in this category, out of 28 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Indo-European_peoples
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Architecture in Attica - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_Attica
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Categories pages - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 4,343 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Categories_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Human communication - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 39 subcategories, out of 39 total. + The following 152 pages are in this category, out of 152 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_communication
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All articles with empty sections - Wikipedia,"This category includes all pages marked as needing expansion by {{ }}. Because of its size, users may prefer to work with , which subdivides expand requests based on when they were requested. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 28,894 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_empty_sections
+en.wikipedia.org,29th Alberta Legislature - Wikipedia,"The was constituted after the . The New Democrats, led by , won a majority of seats and formed the government. The , which won the second most seats, formed the official opposition until July 2017, when it merged with the , to become the , which then became the official opposition. + (Retrieved July 19, 2017) + The merger of the and in late July 2017 created the caucus, which was recognized by the Speaker's office as the official opposition, among other changes to party affiliations. The seating plan was therefore altered for the fall sitting. + (Retrieved March 14, 2018)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_arms_of_Alberta.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Alberta.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Alberta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alberta.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Shield_of_Alberta.svg/50px-Shield_of_Alberta.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/29th_Alberta_Legislature
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All stub articles - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,333,489 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Software - Wikipedia,"This is about all aspects of (SW) which here is taken to include the following categories: + The first two of these are classified for running software on computers (i.e., actually the computers), while the last one is about developing the software in the first place. + This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. + The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Software
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Linguistics/SFL - Wikipedia,"Welcome to the ! We are a group of editors dedicated to improving the coverage on Wikipedia of which has grown into a significant area since the 1970s, with precursors earlier that century. The field has had a major influence on linguistics research and teaching at universities and on school curricula in parts of the English-speaking world. Semiotic in its orientation and geared towards the analysis of spoken and written discourse, it is pursued almost entirely in relation to English (with more recent offshoots in other languages). + SFL has had very patchy coverage on en.WP, despite its prominence as a field of modern linguistics. This task-force page is a first attempt to provide professionals and students with a hub to coordinate their work to build this topic on the English Wikipedia. + Tony1 has volunteered to be the janitor, as it were, to ensure that the induction of SFL professionals and students who register as en.WP editors is smooth, and that they have someone to go to with questions about WP's rather complex policies, guidelines, and procedures. But it is up to the professionals to take the reigns beyond this, since he is only an amateur linguist. Please edit this page as you wish. Click at the top-left to say anything you like! + Many more articles need to be created, and the existing ones need expansion, editing, and cleaning up. An has been created for easier navigation around SFL-related articles, for both readers and editors. + Please list yourself here by ""signing"" against an asterisk; this is done by typing four tildes in a row (~~~~) + + What needs doing to this main page? Please add items by clicking on at the top, then underneath the edit-box. Sign after a suggestion with four tildes, if you wish, or leave your suggestion unsigned. + [Please add.] + Note: the proposed articles that showed as blue links, as far as I've checked, go to other people of the same name. I've disambiguated using (linguist) in the title. If this is not the best descriptor, please change. Alternatives are to use the middle initial, for example. Where there's already a red link, it means no article by that name has been created, so we should take up the primary name-space when the article is created. + If anyone interested, but less pressing. + [Please add.] + [Please add.] + + [Please add more.]",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/45px-People_icon_dead.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tower_of_Babel_cropped_square.jpg/60px-Tower_of_Babel_cropped_square.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Linguistics/SFL
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories which are included in the JEL classification codes - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 240 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_which_are_included_in_the_JEL_classification_codes
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Indo-European - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to , cultures and peoples + This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Indo-European
+en.wikipedia.org,Help talk:Template/Archive 3 - Wikipedia,"This is odd. So I was on and noticed the roster was out of date. I was going to edit it, but then I clicked the little e it went to a page that said there isn't a template named that. The template is here but when I edit it, it says it's not there. So where is it? -- ( ) 20:31, 24 March 2011 (UTC) + For meta-templates, is it possible to includeonly an includeonly tag? 06:24, 7 February 2011 (UTC) + This was reported as a bug here: If it is important to you, click ""vote"". ( ) 23:56, 7 August 2011 (UTC) + I've looked at this but I just can't see why it isn't working - could someone have a quick look at please and tell me why it doesn't appear in . Thanks. ( ) 12:04, 2 April 2011 (UTC) + I have a problem with testing parameters being used in one template which work as I expect when the template is called directly. But if the same template is called from another one the testing of the parameters does not work the same way. I know what is failing but I can not find anything in the help pages on how to fix it. + The test inside the template works as expected but + + the test within TB fails. Is this the best place to discuss this problem or is the a better one? -- ( ) 23:42, 26 March 2011 (UTC) + OK in my own name space I have set up two templates. here is the first template: + The second template is: + Here are three examples calling what I have described above as ""test"" directly: + Here are are the same parameters passed into a second template (test2) that calls the ""test"" passing in three parameters: + The problem lies in the handling of FUws ""Test:Print Hello 2"" and BARws ""Test:Print Hello 1"". Until I ran across this problem I would have expected the two tests would be the same. If I alter the internal test code from to then as I would expect given the first failure is wikisource that then displays two different results. + I hope that is enough detail. -- ( ) 01:05, 28 March 2011 (UTC) + After the above exchange, I came across and that are useful explanations of the difference between an empty parameter, and one that has not been set, and how that affects different tests. -- ( ) 23:18, 20 October 2011 (UTC) + I've been trying to create templates for a few human rights/freedom of expression awards today, including and , which went well, and , which is going very badly due to the number of past winners (4-6 a year for twenty years). Would anyone with more experience in templates be willing to take a look at the latter and let me know if they have a formatting suggestion that would make this template more attractive and/or helpful? Or should I just give this one up as a lost cause? Thanks, ( ) 07:15, 24 May 2011 (UTC) + Hi, + We have about a hundred IPA templates, for different languages, which accept a sound file as a parameter. They're identical in this part, so I thought I'd try spinning it off as a nested template. However, I cannot get the file name to pass. + {{ }} is an example. The 'if {{{3}}}' part is for the audio file. I've tried a few things on a test page {{ }}, trying to pass {{{3}}} to {{ }}. What am I missing? + Thanks, — ( ) 21:52, 3 June 2011 (UTC) + The basic usage examples use {{ }} as a demonstration. As {{ }} has been marked for deletion, this makes the section difficult to follow (and a little too meta) for a new user like me. ( ) 00:23, 13 August 2011 (UTC) + Template scripts are difficult to read and the behavior is hard to predict. Code written in it are often brittle. Yet there is no playground made available to users for testing templates before deployment. This results in people keeping around poorly programmed templates out of fear of the ramifications of editing. IMHO this is an aspect that is fundamentally broken right now. -- ( ) 03:10, 24 August 2011 (UTC) + While using the templates, if any values are unused then the template shows the variable itself like + I was wondering if we could avoid showing the variable and make it look like the one below. + + Thank you. I have created many templates already so I dont think I will start with infobox again. Also, I could not figure out the if function but I was able to use this code. + Although this still shows the string ""Defunct Promotions"", the variable is blank and it looks better. + It would be even better if you could give an example of the if function. +Thank you. + When templates automatically include a page that uses them into some category, I have found that this can often cause trouble. Sometimes people use templates in User spaces pages, which then causes these userspace pages to be included in the encyclopedia categories. Sometimes people also explicitly use code to include a page into a category. This can be very confusing when you are trying to remove a page from a category because you delete the category yet the page remains in the category. It can take a while to figure out. In general, I think the practice of auto-including pages into categories is a poor one. Mainly because it destroys the conceptual simplicity of a template as the template can now have ""non-obvious"" unintended effects. After a period for comments, I will add a sentence about this to this help article. ( ) 17:14, 13 September 2011 (UTC) + I used {{ }} to create {{ }}. They are putting the first year of the century in the wrong century. Is it a fault with the code? Can it be fixed? -- ( ) - 07:02, 21 January 2012 (UTC) + Hi. Now, I know that when using any template, e.g. , one can type either {{Reflist}} or {{reflist}}. The main page states that either works. + But I'm a stickler for standardisation, so I'd like guidance as to which case people consider better. + Has this been discussed before, does anybody know? Many may say it's too trivial to discuss. Fine, but do others have a view? + Thanks, ( ) 15:32, 25 January 2012 (UTC) + I created but it creates the wrong grammar for future years. See for example. Embarrassing!! It could be fixed with some conditional statements and {{ }}? -- ( - ) 04:22, 20 February 2012 (UTC) + I'd like to auto-categorize language infoboxes for maintenance when the data is more than 30 years old. (In that time the figure could easily double, or the language could go extinct.) I'm adding a date parameter to encourage better coverage, but the problem is that it will very often be more than just a numerical year. It could be a span, say 1987–1993 (if data from various countries are not all from the same year), or could have a comment like 'decreasing' or 'census', or include a ref or fn. If I can truncate the string to the first 4 digits, then I'll have a numeric input that I can use. However, the only way I know how to truncate is with #sub, and I don't think I can feed a parameter into that: it treats it as a raw string. So, + produces an error, whereas + works fine so long as 'speakersdate' is purely numeric. + Can anyone think of a workaround? + Thanks. — ( ) 07:57, 12 November 2011 (UTC) + I'm working on the wikibooks site and I have dozens of examples where I want to pass a table as a parameter to a template. I'm fully aware that you need to replaced | with {{!}}, but editing table code using that is very hard to maintain, and copying and pasting backwards and forwards from notepad is starting to get on my nerves. Is there any way that we could do the following: + where {{safetable: will do the | to {{!}} conversion on the fly. How would one go about doing this? Is there any way to implement it without writing to the mediawiki core? ( ) 23:49, 20 December 2011 (UTC) + At present the has a link to for anyone to ask questions. This is used for those who edit WP and those who only want to read WP. I am in the process of setting up a mock-up page for messages that come from only. I have set up an initial page at (a funny name but it is the best choice). I want to have the system used by {{ }} to simplify the process of adding new messages. When a reader clicks on the ""If you can't find an answer, ask a new question."" link on I want a preloded message in a new section of with a header that has the User and a date stamp. Note that I have set up and . -- ( - ) 22:20, 11 March 2012 (UTC) + How do I include something on only one page but not on pages that pull from that page. I have that I don't want to include in and filtered it out with that automatically puts it in the with this ugly mess of code: + However, I can't seem to figure out how to make using {{:Category:A_Small_Problem_loot}} not be in . I only want the pages in to be added to (or other appropriate 'C:Stat_+/- amount_items'). How do I do this? ( ) 19:19, 16 March 2012 (UTC) + Hi, I have been having an issue with my infobox template. When I make a header for a section in my infobox template (e.g. +|- +! colspan=""2"" style=""background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"" |Measurements +|- +) it works fine, and appears. But if I use the infobox for a character who doesn't have info for a section (e.g. no measurements were provided), the section header appears anyways, even though nothing is under it. I found a page on another wiki that has a template that does the same sort of thing mine does. My template would look kind of like , if I use it for a character who doesn't have the info supplied. you see, the appearence section should appear, since there is info there. But, there are no stats, but the section header still appears. Is there a way to hide it? So that the template doesn't show it if there's nothing under it used. ( ) 21:21, 31 March 2012 (UTC) + I would like to make a couple edits to the {{ }} + At present it does not have assistant coach entries (Note that {{ }} does has assistant coach entries.) + The first edit I want to make is straightforward: + I assume I have to edit the info box and use the if statement, because not everyone will list assistant coaches, and not everyone has a director of basketball operations. + However, I would like to add a field for Associate Head Coach, for those teams with that position. It would be odd to have ""coach"" and ""Associate Head Coach""; I would like to change ""coach"" to ""Head Coach"". +I'm concerned that if I make that change, it will break existing uses of the template. + How can I do this?-- 13:54, 14 April 2012 (UTC) + The widths on are excessive. I think removing all those subtitles may help, but I don't want to bother if it's not going to reduce the widths. -- ( ) 14:07, 19 April 2012 (UTC) + Where should eponymous templates be categorized (using ""noinclude"" tags in the template footer, of course) in/under the eponymous category? + Consider the nested categories ; ; , where the former (author) contains the other two (fiction series). All three have dedicated templates. Narnia has multiple templates which are in their own subcat of c|Narnia. I don't find {{ }} anywhere in his category and I find {{ }} sorted as a 'T' for template article. -- ( ) 19:10, 15 May 2012 (UTC) + Just in case there are any (more) links leading to the section of this name, I ressurected it at from (12 March 2009). The section is actually commented out in that revision. ( , ) 05:43, 29 May 2012 (UTC). + This isn't a template parameter in the sense of this documentation, but I would ordinarily call it the . + The general templates --what term is appropriate?-- {{ }} and {{ }} both commonly begin (or so i have seen in edit mode) + . +For what does it matter that the given value match the pagename? + Sometimes they differ and I suppose that I have just discovered one problem. The specific templates --term?-- {{ }} and {{ }} are a Navbox with columns and a Navbox that both set . In both cases, the bluelink 'E' targets {{ }} in edit mode, so one must use 'Edit' in the wikipedia framework to edit the latter. + I don't know that {{ }} should exist; there is a Characters section in {{ }}. But I should know what breaks if differs from the pagename. I have noticed other examples recently, when I have visited some templates for other purposes. I have also suggested moving a couple of Templates, an action that must sometimes, may often be the origin of these differences. -- ( ) 17:26, 30 May 2012 (UTC) + As the article mention, parameters do not get expanded when they are inside nowiki tags or XML-style extension tags. Well, what if you really do want to expand a parameter inside of a pair of XML-style extension tags, for example? Is there some workaround which can make that work? — ( ) 11:08, 7 June 2012 (UTC) + F.Y.I. - this idea is being discussed at . ( ) 12:37, 15 July 2012 (UTC) + I have started a discussion at concerning the need for purportedly factual information contained in citations to be cited, the difficulty in doing so, and the difficulty of marking a template as not having adequate citations. ( ) 17:23, 5 September 2012 (UTC) + There is a Request for comment about the need/redundancy of . This is an open invitation for participating in the request for comment on . Should you wish to respond to the invitation, your contribution to this discussion will be very much appreciated! If in doubt, please see . 10:33, 13 September 2012 (UTC) + I am trying to create a that has a single parameter. The template will be passed template code as the value of that parameter. I would like the template to print the passed code itself and also print the rendered version. My initial attempts have shown that the nowiki tag does not work as helped illuminate. I still do not know if there is a way to do what I am attempting. ( ) 03:07, 5 October 2012 (UTC) + Why are these two templates: , and not participating nicely in bulleted lists? They are templates that produce external links, and are meant to be in a bulleted list, but show up as not bulleted. ( ) 04:14, 12 October 2012 (UTC) + I'm not sure if this is the right place for the following question. If not, please tell me where to go. The problem arises at . If I list the short template first, they stack horizontally -- a bad outcome: + If I reverse the order of the templates, they stack vertically, which is good, but the order is misplaced. One fix is to move down the (long) Econ sidebar a couple of sentences. Vertical stacking of templates results, which is good, but at the cost of creating an undesirable paragraph break at that point. Is there any way of getting the short template to list first without breaking the paragraph? Thank you. -- ( ) 11:37, 21 November 2012 (UTC) + I would also like to know if it's possible to have a template bounce back an error in the event the user doesn't subst it. (This particular template must be substituted or it will transclude to the wrong page as soon as midnight comes and goes). Thanks. { } 22:07, 29 December 2012 (UTC) + The #arg function explained in See also section seems it is not working. If I try {{#arg:uselang|default}} it is rendered as wikitext. -- ( ) 10:29, 26 January 2013 (UTC) + it is possible to check if a page exists or not using {{ifexists| |}}. Is it possible to check when the page exists if it is a redirect page or not?-- ( ) 07:28, 15 February 2013 (UTC) + I recently changed to have a consistent spelling of the word ""canonize/canonise"" throughout. It seemed a little counter-intuitive to use in an article on a British topic, but since the topic pre-dates standardization of either British or American spelling, I figured it would be okay, and from my understanding both spellings are actually acceptable in British English, just is more common. Also, the of the article had been written with the spelling. I was soon reverted rather sloppily, though. This revert ignored all the places in the article where was still in use, and reintroduced inconsistency to the article. I then fixed this with another edit to remove all but one instance of . The remaining instance is, unfortunately, part of , which uses the ""American spelling"" in every article in which it is used. Any idea how to get around this? ( ) 08:14, 19 February 2013 (UTC) + I asked this before but wasn't able to find an answer that worked. Help? + +I have been having an issue with my infobox template. When I make a header for a section in my infobox template (e.g. +|- +! colspan=""2"" style=""background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"" |Measurements +|- +) it works fine, and appears. But if I use the infobox for a character who doesn't have info for a section (e.g. no measurements were provided), the section header appears anyways, even though nothing is under it. I found a page on another wiki that has a template that does the same sort of thing mine does. My template would look kind of like , if I use it for a character who doesn't have the info supplied. you see, the appearence section should appear, since there is info there. But, there are no stats, but the section header still appears. Is there a way to hide it? So that the template doesn't show it if there's nothing under it used. ( ) 20:59, 3 March 2013 (UTC) + Can someone help me by fixing some templates? I can't see all of the following templates in Internet explorer (the template's border goes past right of the screen), and fixing this is beyond my knowledge. + +The correction of these templates would be much appreciated. 16:08, 11 March 2013 (UTC) + + +Thankyou very much . The changes you made are perfect. Kind regards, 21:18, 11 March 2013 (UTC) + Hi. I'm an experienced content editor, but I have virtually zero background in template coding. I'm a template user, but a complete novice when it comes to coding. Is someone who is an experienced coder available and willing to help with the modification of the coding for an existing complex template (an infobox), and also able to create a visually representative mock-up of same before it goes live? If you are able and willing to help, please fee free to leave a response here or on my user talk page. Thanks. ( ) 19:51, 22 March 2013 (UTC) + Hi. I'm not sure if this is the right place to ask this question - if there's a better place I'd be grateful if you could direct me there. Thanks. + I'm trying to create templates ( and ) for football league tables where both home and away results are given, as there don't seem to be any such templates already available, and the league tables that give home and away info look less than great as they're presented at the moment (eg. and ). I'm nearly there, but there's a couple of problems right at the end that I just can't solve. + I think the table really needs three slightly heavier vertical lines to visually separate out the home and away results. I've managed to get those in by altering the borders of the HW, AW and GD columns, but for some reason it is automatically also changing these three columns to give them (a) bold font, and (b) a darker background when the background colour isn't specified. So the top of the table looks like the below. I cannot work out why it is doing these two things, or how to stop it. Any suggestions would be much appreciated. Thanks. ( ) 20:38, 1 April 2013 (UTC) + Is there a test to see if a section exists in a page, similar to , but for sub-section of a page rather than the page? -- ( ) 15:30, 7 April 2013 (UTC) + Please see request at . ( ) 13:53, 28 April 2013 (UTC) + Is there any function or reference template for counting the number of items in an ordered list? (E.g., returning the number ""13"" from a numbered list of 13 items.) 00:31, 9 May 2013 (UTC) + I am trying to create a template with a chart with an optional caption. Like so here: . Unfortunately, for longer captions, I have been unable to enforce text wrapping to make the template retain the width of the chart. Any help is greatly appreciated. (I have also placed the same request . Thanks. ( ) 13:59, 13 May 2013 (UTC) + So, what would your ul look like? ( ) 20:12, 13 May 2013 (UTC) + All the help is much appreciated. I finally implemented it with a nested table with a fixed width! ( ) 22:23, 14 May 2013 (UTC) + Can someone with the necessary know-how sort this template out so that the map section is an optional input. In several articles (e.g. ) there are no maps, and it leaves an unfilled section of the template on the page. Cheers, 11:05, 17 May 2013 (UTC) + Could someone with more experience with templates than myself please take a look at {{ }}? The template page was wonky, so I fixed that but then the code produced by the template in articles went wonky. Looking at the template's code, I have my doubts that this is the most efficient way to make this template work, but I don't usually write templates and this one is a bit over my head. Thank you! 19:13, 6 July 2013 (UTC) + Thanks, John! It looks like this template has needlessly complicated parameters. I'd like to simplify it, if I knew how, to create a shell text with linked variables that would function essentially like {{ }}, accommodating up to twelve variables. This would allow template users to list the names of entities with conflicting arms (with piping) in the template. Thus {{SharedArms|Artres|Bettrechies|Cerfontaine|Denain|Eth|Lesquin|Obies|Quérénaing|Semousies|Wambrechies|Warlaing}} would produce: +( , , , , , , , , , and use the same arms.) +Does anyone know a relatively easy way to set that up? 02:50, 7 July 2013 (UTC) + I am 99% sure this is possible, but I have tried all sorts of combinations to no avail. I have a template and some test cases . Whilst the generation of the tables works as expected, I am trying to make it so I can pass and from my template down into the citation templates. At the moment the parameter values are getting lost in the transclusion. Could anyone please provide assistance? 08:26, 20 August 2013 (UTC) + I'm with a parameter that takes a manually-entered string as a value. If the string includes ""{{!}}"", the rendering depends on whether it is in a URL or not. , the rendering is as ""%7C""; but in a URL, the rendering is as ""|"". In a test, I found that a URL (a different one) does not necessarily resolve percent-encoding to the unencoded form so the intended address can be reached (tested by percent-encoding either the dot before ""com"" or a letter); the Internet service provider was unable to determine what destination I wanted and sent me some advertising instead. How can I make the parameter display the literal result of the ""{{!}}"" template even if embedded in a URL, just as happens when there's a string without a URL? ( ) 21:10, 25 August 2013 (UTC) (Linked template draft: 21:24, 25 August 2013 (UTC))) + + If a parameter value is a URL ending with either an equals sign or a template that generates an equals sign (""="" or ""{{=}}"", respectively, without quotation marks), the displayed result is of a linked URL that extends the link to include the next word in the displayed result, beyond the URL, making following the link difficult except for us geeks perceiving the error. Examples are visible of the and the and the (I assume a plain space there would get stripped) and are based on the . By contrast, has . ( ) 21:17, 25 August 2013 (UTC) + I was excited to see that we can now embed Lua code into templates, but the documentation for Wikipedia-specific usage is rather anemic (unless I'm looking in the wrong places). Is there a means of (for example) using Lua to detect the reader's screenname or IP address and generate text accordingly? I always thought that would be useful for certain things. ( ) + I'm planning on creating a template that can deal with one- and two-round elections, but don't want the second round columns appearing when the election only has a first round. This is currently done using varieties of Wikitables that combine some cells in the header row, and then combines all the second round cells for candidates that didn't qualify for the second round (if that doesn't make any sense, see ) so I'm not sure whether it would be possible to create a template that could have such functionality. Basically I want it to be able to do this if there's only one round: + or this if there's two: + Ideally the template would have code along the lines of + | rounds = +| candidate1 = +| party1 = +| votesroundone1 = +| percentroundone1 = +| votesroundtwo1 = +| percentroundtwo1 = + Is this possible, or would two separate templates for one and two-round elections be needed? Cheers, 22:21, 1 December 2013 (UTC) + Forgive me, I don't know if I'm using the correct terminology; I'm trying to work with a pre-defined type of table called ""Track Listing"". I see that one column can be added by calling it ""extra_column"". Entries in each line of it are then defined with ""extra1 ="", ""extra2 ="", etc. How, then, can additional columns be added? Is there a way to control the ""Title"" column so that it does NOT generate quotation marks? Thanks. ( ) 06:19, 2 December 2013 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg/40px-Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/16px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Face-smile.svg/18px-Face-smile.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help_talk:Template/Archive_3
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Arts in Attica - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Arts_in_Attica
+en.wikipedia.org,User talk:Sparklism - Wikipedia,"The article has been because of the following concern: + While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be . + You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your or on . + Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the , but other exist. In particular, the process can result in deletion without discussion, and allows discussion to reach for deletion. ( ) 20:02, 16 April 2024 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2a/Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg/40px-Replacement_filing_cabinet.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Ambox_warning_yellow.svg/48px-Ambox_warning_yellow.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Sparklism
+en.wikipedia.org,Category talk:Categories by language - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/35px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/25px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/55px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gnome-fs-directory_yellow.svg/25px-Gnome-fs-directory_yellow.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gnome-fs-directory_yellow.svg/80px-Gnome-fs-directory_yellow.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_talk:Categories_by_language
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Human behavior - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 40 subcategories, out of 40 total. + The following 98 pages are in this category, out of 98 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_behavior
+en.wikipedia.org,33 BC - Wikipedia,"Year was either a , or or a (link will display the full calendar) of the (the sources differ, see for further information) and a of the . At the time, it was known as the (or, less frequently, ). The denomination 33 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33_BC
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:2019 in Alberta - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPhone_5.svg/13px-IPhone_5.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2019_in_Alberta
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Top-level stub categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Top-level_stub_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Technology - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 39 subcategories, out of 39 total. + The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/29px-Noun-technology.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Technology
+en.wikipedia.org,Non-convexity (economics) - Wikipedia,"In , refers to violations of the . Basic economics textbooks concentrate on consumers with (that do not prefer extremes to in-between values) and convex and on producers with convex ; for convex models, the predicted economic behavior is well understood. When convexity assumptions are violated, then many of the good properties of competitive markets need not hold: Thus, non-convexity is associated with , where differ or where can be . Non-convex economies are studied with , which is a generalization of . + If a preference set is , then some prices determine a budget-line that supports two optimal-baskets. For example, we can imagine that, for zoos, a lion costs as much as an eagle, and further that a zoo's budget suffices for one eagle or one lion. We can suppose also that a zoo-keeper views either animal as equally valuable. In this case, the zoo would purchase either one lion or one eagle. Of course, a contemporary zoo-keeper does not want to purchase half of an eagle and half of a lion. Thus, the zoo-keeper's preferences are non-convex: The zoo-keeper prefers having either animal to having any strictly convex combination of both. + When the consumer's preference set is non-convex, then (for some prices) the consumer's demand is not ; A disconnected demand implies some discontinuous behavior by the consumer, as discussed by : + If indifference curves for purchases be thought of as possessing a wavy character, convex to the origin in some regions and concave in others, we are forced to the conclusion that it is only the portions convex to the origin that can be regarded as possessing any importance, since the others are essentially unobservable. They can be detected only by the discontinuities that may occur in demand with variation in price-ratios, leading to an abrupt jumping of a point of tangency across a chasm when the straight line is rotated. But, while such discontinuities may reveal the existence of chasms, they can never measure their depth. The concave portions of the indifference curves and their many-dimensional generalizations, if they exist, must forever remain in +unmeasurable obscurity. + The difficulties of studying non-convex preferences were emphasized by and again by , who wrote that non-convexities are ""shrouded in eternal according to Diewert. + When convexity assumptions are violated, then many of the good properties of competitive markets need not hold: Thus, non-convexity is associated with , where differ or where can be . +Non-convex preferences were illuminated from 1959 to 1961 by a sequence of papers in ( ). The main contributors were , Francis Bator, , and Jerome Rothenberg. In particular, Rothenberg's paper discussed the approximate convexity of sums of non-convex sets. These -papers stimulated a paper by and , which considered convexified consumer-preferences and introduced the concept of an ""approximate equilibrium"". The -papers and the Shapley–Shubik paper influenced another notion of ""quasi-equilibria"", due to . + Non-convex sets have been incorporated in the theories of general economic equilibria. These results are described in graduate-level textbooks in , general equilibrium theory, , , +and applied mathematics (for economists). The establishes that non-convexities are compatible with approximate equilibria in markets with many consumers; these results also apply to with many small . + Non-convexity is important under and especially . Concerns with large producers exploiting market power initiated the literature on non-convex sets, when wrote about on firms with increasing in 1926, after which wrote about pricing in 1938. Both Sraffa and Hotelling illuminated the of producers without competitors, clearly stimulating a literature on the supply-side of the economy. + Recent research in economics has recognized non-convexity in new areas of economics. In these areas, non-convexity is associated with , where need not be or where no competitive equilibrium exists because differ. Non-convex sets arise also with (and other ), and with market failures, and . +Non-convexities occur also with , and with (and other ). Such applications continued to motivate economists to study non-convex sets. In some cases, non-linear pricing or bargaining may overcome the failures of markets with competitive pricing; in other cases, regulation may be justified. + The previously mentioned applications concern non-convexities in finite-dimensional , where points represent commodity bundles. However, economists also consider dynamic problems of optimization over time, using the theories of , , , and : Economists use the following optimization methods: + In these theories, regular problems involve convex functions defined on convex domains, and this convexity allows simplifications of techniques and economic meaningful interpretations of the results. In economics, dynamic programing was used by Martin Beckmann and Richard F. Muth for work on and . Robert C. Merton used dynamic programming in his 1973 article on the . (See also ). In Merton's model, investors chose between income today and future income or capital gains, and their solution is found via dynamic programming. Stokey, Lucas & Prescott use dynamic programming to solve problems in economic theory, problems involving stochastic processes. Dynamic programming has been used in optimal , , , , business , , supply, and . Ljungqvist & Sargent apply dynamic programming to study a variety of theoretical questions in , , , economic growth, , and . Dixit & Pindyck used dynamic programming for . For dynamic problems, non-convexities also are associated with market failures, just as they are for fixed-time problems. + Economists have increasingly studied non-convex sets with , which generalizes . Convex analysis centers on convex sets and convex functions, for which it provides powerful ideas and clear results, but it is not adequate for the analysis of non-convexities, such as increasing returns to scale. ""Non-convexities in [both] production and consumption ... required mathematical tools that went beyond convexity, and further development had to await the invention of non-smooth calculus"": For example, 's for , which uses and which is described by and , according to . , pp. 1967–1968) wrote that the ""major methodological innovation in the general equilibrium analysis of firms with pricing rules"" was ""the introduction of the methods of non-smooth analysis, as a [synthesis] of global analysis (differential topology) and [of] convex analysis."" According to , p. 1966) , ""Non-smooth analysis extends the local approximation of manifolds by tangent planes [and extends] the analogous approximation of convex sets by tangent cones to sets"" that can be non-smooth or non-convex. + Exercise 45, page 146: It will be noted that any point where the indifference curves are convex rather than concave cannot be observed in a competitive market. Such points are shrouded in eternal darkness—unless we make our consumer a monopsonist and let him choose between goods lying on a very convex ""budget curve"" (along which he is affecting the price of what he buys). In this monopsony case, we could still deduce the slope of the man's indifference curve from the slope of the observed constraint at the equilibrium point. A gulf profound as that Serbonian Bog + Betwixt Damiata and Mount Casius old, + +Where Armies whole have sunk. , p. 478) and others—for example, , pp. 390–391) and , p. 484), , pp. 482–483), , p. 438), and , p. 26) —commented on , pp. 1–126, especially 9–16 [1.3 Summation of opportunity sets], 23–35 [1.6 Convex sets and the price implications of optimality], and 35–37 [1.7 The role of convexity assumptions in the analysis]): + + Pages 52–55 with applications on pages 145–146, 152–153, and 274–275: Theorem C(6) on page 37 and applications on pages 115-116, 122, and 168: Page 628: , p. xviii), and especially Chapter 7 ""Walras meets Nash"" (especially section 7.4 ""Nonconvexity"" pages 306–310 and 312, and also 328–329) and Chapter 8 ""What is Competition?"" 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+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion - Wikipedia,"The ( ) specify the only cases in which have broad to bypass , at their discretion, and immediately delete Wikipedia pages or media. Because deletion is reversible only by administrators, other deletions occur only after discussion, unless they are . Speedy deletion is intended to reduce the time spent on deletion discussions for pages or media with of surviving discussion. Anyone can request speedy deletion by adding one of the , but only administrators may actually delete. + Before nominating a page for speedy deletion, consider whether it could be improved, reduced to a , merged or redirected elsewhere, reverted to a better previous revision, or handled in some other way (see ). A page is eligible for speedy deletion only if all of its is also eligible. Users nominating a page for speedy deletion should specify which criterion/criteria the page meets, and should notify the page creator and any major contributors. If a page needs to be removed from Wikipedia for privacy reasons (e.g. non-public personal information, a child disclosing their age, possible libel), instead. + +For most speedy deletion criteria, ; only an editor who is not the creator of a page may do so. A creator who disagrees with the speedy deletion should instead click on the button that appears inside of the speedy deletion tag. This button links to the with a pre-formatted area for the creator to explain why the page should not be deleted. If an editor other than the creator removes a speedy deletion tag in , it should be taken as a sign that the deletion is controversial and another deletion process should be used. The creator of a page may remove a speedy deletion tag only if the criterion in question is , , , , , or . + Administrators should take care not to speedily delete pages or media except in the most obvious cases. If a page has survived its most recent deletion discussion, it should not be speedily deleted except for newly discovered copyright violations and pages that meet specific uncontroversial criteria; these criteria are noted below. Contributors sometimes create pages over several edits, so administrators should avoid deleting a page that appears incomplete too soon after its creation. + Besides speedy deletion, there are the following methods of deletion: + + Letter-number abbreviations (G12, A3...) are often used to refer to these criteria, and are given in each section. For example, ""CSD G12"" refers to under (copyright infringement) and ""CSD U1"" refers to under (user request). Some in-between numbers are skipped, as abbreviations denoting remain unused. to new editors or anyone else unfamiliar with this page; in many situations a of why a specific page was or should be deleted is preferable. + + Immediately following each criterion below is a list of templates used to mark pages or media files for speedy deletion under the criterion being used. In order to alert administrators to the nomination, place the relevant speedy deletion template at the top of the page or media file you are nominating (but see below). Please be sure to supply an that mentions that the page is being nominated for speedy deletion. All of the speedy deletion templates are named as with standing for 'delete because'. A list of the templates can be found at . + If a page falls under more than one of the criteria, instead of adding multiple tags it is possible to add a single {{ }} tag to cover them all. For example, if an article seems both to be blatantly promotional ( ) and also to fail to indicate significance of its subject (A7) then the tag can be used to indicate both of these concerns. The article can then be speedily deleted if an administrator assesses it and decides that either or both of the criteria apply. + There is strong consensus that the creators and major contributors of pages and media files should be warned of a speedy deletion nomination (or of the deletion if not informed before). All speedy deletion templates (using criteria other than U1, G5, G6, G7, and G8) thus contain in their body a pre-formatted, suggested warning template to notify the relevant party or parties of the nomination for speedy deletion under the criterion used. You can copy and paste such warnings to the talk pages of the creators and major contributors, choose from others listed at , or place the unified warning template, , which allows you to tailor your warning under any particular criterion by replacing with the associated criterion abbreviation (e.g. g4, a7). + Use common sense when applying a speedy deletion request to a page: review the page history to make sure that all earlier revisions of the page meet the speedy deletion criterion, because a single editor can replace an article with material that appears to cause the page to meet one or more of the criteria. + Some pages either cannot or should not be tagged for speedy deletion in the normal manner: + As an exception to the norm that a page surviving its most recent deletion discussion means that it should not be speedily deleted, the following criteria apply also to those pages, with or without any specified limitations: + These criteria may only be used in such cases when no controversy exists; in the event of a dispute, start a new deletion discussion. However, newly discovered copyright violations should be tagged for G12 if the violation existed in all previous revisions of the article. G5 may be also used at discretion, subject to meeting the criterion outlined above. + + These apply to with exclusions listed for specific criteria, and so apply to articles, drafts, redirects, user pages, talk pages, files, etc. Read the specifics for each criterion to see where and how they apply. + + This applies to pages consisting entirely of incoherent text or with no meaningful content or history. It does cover poor writing, partisan screeds, obscene remarks, implausible theories, , , fictional material, coherent material, or . In short, if it is understandable, G1 does not apply. It also does not apply to pages in the . + + This applies to pages created to test editing or other Wikipedia functions. It applies to subpages of the created as tests, but does apply to the Sandbox itself, pages in the , or valid but unused or duplicate templates. + + This applies to pages that are blatant and obvious misinformation, blatant (including files intended to misinform), and redirects created by cleanup from page-move vandalism. are acceptable if it is clear that they are describing a hoax. + + This applies to sufficiently identical copies, having any title, of a page deleted via its most recent . It excludes pages that are substantially identical to the deleted version, and pages to which the reason for the deletion no longer applies. It excludes pages in userspace and draftspace where the content was converted to a for explicit improvement (but not simply to circumvent Wikipedia's ). This criterion also does not cover content undeleted via a , or that was only deleted via (including deletion discussions closed as ) or speedy deletion. + + This applies to pages created by or users , and that have no substantial edits by others. + + This is for maintenance, including: + + If requested in good faith and provided that the only substantial content of the page was added by its author. For redirects created as a result of a , the mover must also have been the only substantive contributor to the pages before the move. If the sole author a page other than a userspace page, a category page, or any type of talk page, this can be taken as a deletion request. If an author requests deletion of a page currently undergoing a deletion discussion, the closing admin may interpret that request as agreement with the deletion rationale. + + Examples include, but are not limited to: + This criterion excludes any page that is useful to Wikipedia, and in particular: + Exceptions may be sign-posted with the template {{ }}. + + In exceptional circumstances, the Wikimedia Foundation office reserves the right to speedy-delete a page. Deletions of this type must not be reversed without permission from the Foundation. + + Examples of "" "" may include: , , material intended purely to a person, or that is entirely negative in tone and unsourced. These pages should be speedily deleted when there is no version in the page history to revert to. Both the page title and page content may be taken into account in assessing an attack. Articles about living people deleted under this criterion should be restored or recreated by any editor until the are met. Other pages violating the Biographies of living persons policy might be eligible for deletion under the conditions stipulated at , although in most cases a deletion discussion should be initiated instead. + Redirects from plausible search terms are not eligible under this criterion. For example, a term used on the target page to refer to its subject is often a plausible redirect – see . + + This applies to pages that are promotional and would need to be rewritten to serve as encyclopedia articles, . If a subject is and the content could plausibly be replaced with text written from a , this is preferable to deletion. Any article that describes its subject from a neutral point of view does not qualify for this criterion. However, ""promotion"" does not necessarily mean commercial promotion: anything can be promoted, including a person, a non-commercial organization, a point of view, etc. + + This applies to text pages that contain copyrighted material with no credible assertion of public domain, fair use, or a , where there is no non-infringing content on the page worth saving. Only if the history is unsalvageably corrupted should it be deleted in its entirety; earlier versions without infringement should be retained. For equivocal cases that do not meet speedy deletion criteria (such as where there is a dubious assertion of permission, where free-content edits overlie the infringement, or where there is only partial infringement or close paraphrasing), the article or the appropriate section should be blanked with {{ |url= }}, and the page should be listed at . Please consult for other instructions. Public-domain and other free content, such as a , do not fall under this criterion, nor is mere lack of attribution of such works a reason for speedy deletion. For images and media, see the in the here, which has more specific instructions. + + This applies to any pages that have not been edited by a human in six months found in: + Redirects are exempt from G13 deletion. Adding a CSD template to a page does not reset the six-month clock, but removing a CSD template does. Pages deleted under G13 may be restored upon request by following the procedure at . + + This applies to the following pages and redirects: + If a disambiguation page links to only one article and does not end in , it should be changed to a redirect, unless it is more appropriate to move the linked page to the title currently used for the disambiguation page. + + These criteria apply only to pages in the article (main) namespace. They do not apply to redirects. For any articles that are not speedy deletion candidates, use or . + + This applies to articles lacking sufficient context to identify the subject of the article. It applies only to very short articles. Note that is different from , treated in . This coherent material, and . If any information in the title or on the page, including links, allows an editor, possibly with the aid of a web search, to find further information on the subject in an attempt to expand or edit it, A1 is not appropriate. Do not tag under this criterion in the first few minutes after a new article is created. + + This applies to articles not written in English that have essentially the same content as an article on another Wikimedia project. If the article is not the same as an article on another project, use the template instead, and list the page at for review and possible translation. + + This applies to articles consisting only of external links, category tags or ""See also"" sections, a rephrasing of the title, attempts to correspond with the person or group named by its title, questions that should have been asked at a , chat-like comments, template tags, or images. This may also apply to articles consisting entirely of the framework of the with no additional content, or no content at all. However, a very short article may be a valid if it has context, in which case it is not eligible for deletion under this criterion. Similarly, this criterion does not cover a page having only an infobox, unless its contents also meet another speedy deletion criterion. This criterion poor writing, coherent material, and . Do not tag under this criterion in the first few minutes after a new article is created. + + This applies to any article about a that does not indicate why its subject is important or significant, . This is distinct from and , and is a lower standard than . This criterion applies to articles about the listed subjects; in particular, it does apply to articles about albums (these may be covered by ), products, books, films, TV programs, software, or other creative works, nor to entire of animals. The criterion apply if the claim of significance or importance given is not credible, and any article with a blatantly false claim may be instead. If the claim's credibility is unclear, you can improve the article yourself, , or list the article at . + The criterion does apply to any article that makes even if the claim is not supported by a reliable source or does not qualify on Wikipedia's . + + This applies to any article about a or where and that ( conditions must be met). This is distinct from questions of and , and is a lower standard than . This criterion does apply to other forms of creative media, products, or any other types of articles. + The criterion does apply to any article that makes even if the claim is not supported by a reliable source or does not qualify on Wikipedia's . + + This applies to any article with no relevant page history that duplicates an existing English Wikipedia article, and that within any existing article(s) on the subject, and where the title is . This does include or any article that expands or reorganizes an existing one or that contains referenced, material. It also does include disambiguation pages. + The title chosen for the vast majority of duplicate articles will be a plausible misspelling of, or alternative name for, the existing article, and a should be created instead of deletion. This criterion should, accordingly, only be used rarely, and only for pages whose titles are not plausible redirects. + + This applies to any article that plainly indicates that the subject was , and does not credibly indicate why its subject is important or significant. The criterion does apply to any article that makes even if the claim is not supported by a reliable source or does not qualify under Wikipedia's notability guidelines. : (see ). + + These criteria apply to , including , in any namespace, with exclusions listed for specific criteria. For any redirects that are not speedy deletion candidates, use . + + This applies to redirects (apart from ) from the to any other namespace the , , , and namespaces. + + This applies to redirects from or . However, redirects from common misspellings or misnomers are generally useful, as are some redirects in . This criterion does apply to redirects created as a result of a , unless the moved page was also recently created. It also does not apply to articles and stubs that have been converted into redirects, including , or to redirects ending with ""(disambiguation)"" that point to a disambiguation page. + + This applies to redirects in the ""File:"" namespace with the same name as a file or redirect at , provided the redirect on Wikipedia has no (unless the links are obviously intended for the file or redirect at Wikimedia Commons). + For redirects that end in ""(disambiguation)"", see . + For redirects that are not speedy deletion candidates, use . + Redirect pages that have useful page history should never be speedily deleted. In some cases it may be possible to make a useful redirect by changing the target instead of deleting it. Redirects that do not work because of software limitations, such as redirects to special pages or to pages on other wikis, may be converted to soft redirects if they have a non-trivial history or other valid uses. + For reversal of redirects, use , a special case of . + + Note: These criteria formerly began with (e.g. I1, I6, I9) but have since been replaced with , without the actual criteria being changed. This was because the was formerly known as the image namespace. + For any images and other media that are not speedy deletion candidates, use or . + + This applies to unused duplicates or lower-quality/resolution copies of another Wikipedia file having the same . This excludes images in the Wikimedia Commons; for these, see criterion . + + This applies to files that are corrupt, missing, empty, or that contain superfluous and blatant non-metadata information. This also includes file description pages for Commons files that do not include information that is specific to English Wikipedia (like ). + + This criterion is used to flag media licensed as "" "" (including non-commercial ), ""no derivative use"", ""for Wikipedia use only"" or ""used with permission"". These may be deleted, unless they comply with the limited standards for the use of . Files uploaded after 1 August 2021 licensed under versions of the GFDL earlier than 1.3, without allowing for later versions or other licenses, may be deleted. + + This applies to media files lacking the necessary licensing information to verify copyright status after being as for . Administrators should check the upload summary, file information page, and the image itself for a source before deleting under this criterion. + + This applies to images and other media that are not under a or in the and that are not used in any . These may be deleted after being as such for more than or immediately if the image's use was on a deleted article and it is to have any use on any other valid article. This includes previous revisions of the image or files overwritten by copyright violations. Reasonable exceptions may be made for images uploaded for an upcoming article. + + This applies to files claiming fair use but without a . These may be deleted after being as such for . The boilerplate do not constitute a rationale. This criterion does not apply to situations where a use rationale is provided but is disputed. + + + Provided the following conditions are met: + + This applies to obviously non-free images (or other media files) that are not claimed by the uploader to be fair use. A URL or other indication of where the image originated should be mentioned. This does not include images with a credible claim that the owner has released them under a Wikipedia-compatible free license. Most images from stock photo libraries such as Getty Images will not be released under such a license. Blatant infringements should be tagged with the template. Non-blatant copyright infringements should be discussed at . + + If an has specified a license and has named a third party as the source/copyright holder without providing evidence that this third party has in fact agreed, the item may be deleted of the uploader. Acceptable evidence of licensing normally consists of either a link to the source website where the license is stated, or a statement by the copyright holder e-mailed or forwarded to . Such a confirmation is also required if the source is an organization that the uploader claims to represent, or a web publication that the uploader claims to be their own. Instances of copyright violations where the uploader would have no reasonable expectation of obtaining permission (e.g. major studio movie posters, television images, album covers, logos that are , etc.) should be speedily deleted per (unambiguous copyright infringement), unless fair-use can be claimed. Files tagged with {{ }} for more than 30 days may also be speedily deleted under this criterion. (Please note that the backlog for messages sent to the permissions-en queue is currently 0 days. You may wish to wait at least this amount of time before tagging VRT pending images for deletion.) Files tagged {{ }} whose permissions have not been confirmed after 30 days may be deleted immediately under this criterion, without waiting an additional seven days, provided a check of the ticket is performed by a VRT agent to confirm that no further interaction is ongoing. + + For any pages that are not speedy deletion candidates, use . + + This criterion applies to categories that have been unpopulated for at least seven days. This does not apply to , , , categories under discussion at (or other such ), or project categories that by their nature may become empty on occasion (e.g. , or ). Place {{ }} (or, for administrative categories, {{ }}) at the top of the page to prevent such categories from being deleted. + + Assorted sub-criteria that are used only at ; please see that page for details and instructions. + + These criteria apply only to pages in the User: and User talk: namespaces. For any that are not speedy deletion candidates, use . + + Personal and (but ) upon request by their user. This also includes for . In some rare cases there may be administrative need to retain the page. User talk pages are not eligible for speedy deletion under this criterion. Pages which have previously been moved are only eligible if all previous titles were in the user's userspace. The template does not display on certain pages (such as and pages), but its categorization will work. + + This applies to user pages, user subpages, and user talk pages of users that do not exist on the English Wikipedia (check ), except user pages for IP users who have edited, redirects from misspellings of an established user's user page, and redirects created due to a . Pages of users who exist on other WMF wikis but do not have local accounts are eligible for deletion. + Before placing one of the following templates or deleting a page under this criterion, consider whether moving the page to another location, such as a sub-page of the user page of the primary contributor, is preferable to deletion. + + Pages in userspace consisting of , where the owner has made few or no edits outside of , except for plausible drafts and pages adhering to . It applies regardless of the age of the page in question. + Before placing this template or deleting a page under this criterion: + + +This criterion will expire when the number pages eligible to be deleted under it reaches zero. + Examples: ""Foo(bar)"", ""Joe Smith(disambiguation)"". This does apply to terms that will correctly or plausibly be searched for without spaces, nor does it apply if the redirect contains substantive page history (e.g. from a merge). nominating a redirect under this criterion: + + The following proposals for new speedy deletion criteria are frequently raised, but have repeatedly failed to gain consensus: +A7, A9 and A11 do not apply to any other subject that does not indicate importance. Expanding the scope of A7, A9 and A11 to different subjects (such as products, software, books, schools, etc.) have been proposed several times in the past and failed to gain consensus. Amongst the reasons for those rejections were that such subjects are not created often enough to require speedy deletion (such articles can be handled by or by listing the article at ), that such subjects cannot be objectively covered in A7, A9 and A11's wording and that admins are not able to assess claims of importance for certain subjects. Before proposing a change to A7, A9 and A11 to expand their scope, please check whether your proposal has not already been discussed on the ( ). + The following are not sufficient to justify speedy deletion: + + Make sure to specify the reason for deletion in the deletion summary. Also, in general the article's creator and major contributors should have been notified. + Before deleting a page, check the to assess whether it would instead be possible to and salvage a previous version, or there was actually a involved. Also: + for a page: + a page through the speedy deletion process, please specify the reason for deletion in the deletion summary, so that it will be recorded into the . Quoting page content in the deletion summary may be helpful, but be done for or . In some cases, it would be appropriate to notify the page's creator of the deletion. + or can be used to process nominations more quickly and smoothly. When processing a nomination: + + In the past, criteria beginning with the following letters were used: + All criteria in these groups have been obsoleted; as such, these groups are not currently in use. Some criteria in the active groups were also used in the past but are no longer valid. They are kept here for historical reference and to preserve numbering. Two of the repealed criteria did not have consensus before being enacted, and two were meant to be temporary. The remainder were merged into broader criteria or deprecated entirely.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/30px-Green_check.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:NA-importance language articles - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 5,976 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:NA-importance_language_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Behavior - Wikipedia,"(or ) is the range of and mannerisms made by individuals, , , or in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment. It is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, or , or , and or . + This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 37 pages are in this category, out of 37 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Behavior
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with empty sections from November 2023 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles with empty sections from November 2023 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + The following 154 pages are in this category, out of 154 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_empty_sections_from_November_2023
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Years of the 21st century in Alberta - Wikipedia,"Years of the in . + This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_21st_century_in_Alberta
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Transport stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 117 pages are in this category, out of 117 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Transport_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Physical sciences - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Physical_sciences
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2021 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2021 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . +To add an article to this category add to the article. If you omit the date a will add it for you at some point. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 431 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_September_2021
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in Notts County F.C. - Wikipedia,"This contains the of who support . + To add your user page to this category, use any of the following : + To add your user page to this category without a userbox, copy and paste the following code: + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/600px_pentasection_vertical_Black_White.svg/39px-600px_pentasection_vertical_Black_White.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Notts_County_footie_flag.png/39px-Notts_County_footie_flag.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_Notts_County_F.C.
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages - Wikipedia,"To add a page to this category, use . This should only be done if the page is indeed protected; adding the template does not in itself protect the page. + For a dynamic and sortable list of all protected pages, see . For reports of protected pages, see . + This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 5,211 total. . + The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Cyberpunk_2077_box_art.jpg/102px-Cyberpunk_2077_box_art.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3c/George_Floyd_neck_knelt_on_by_police_officer.png/79px-George_Floyd_neck_knelt_on_by_police_officer.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/75/Jyllands-Posten-pg3-article-in-Sept-30-2005-edition-of-KulturWeekend-entitled-Muhammeds-ansigt.png/80px-Jyllands-Posten-pg3-article-in-Sept-30-2005-edition-of-KulturWeekend-entitled-Muhammeds-ansigt.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Will_Smith_slaps_Chris_Rock.jpg/120px-Will_Smith_slaps_Chris_Rock.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Template Category importance with importance parameter matching title - Wikipedia,"Pages where has been used with an parameter matching the page title + + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 10,349 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template_Category_importance_with_importance_parameter_matching_title
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Biological concepts - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 23 pages are in this category, out of 23 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Biological_concepts
+en.wikipedia.org,Zubin Potok - Wikipedia,"( : , : ) is a town and municipality located in the in . As of 2015, it has an estimated population of 15,200 inhabitants. It covers an area of 335 km (129 sq mi), and consists of the main town and 63 villages. + Zubin Potok is a part of , a region with an majority that functions largely autonomously from the remainder of -majority Kosovo. After the , the municipality became part of the . + Aside from the town of Zubin Potok, these villages comprise the municipality of Zubin Potok: + According to the 2011 estimations by the , Zubin Potok has 1,698 households and 6,616 inhabitants. In 2015 report by , the population of Zubin Potok municipality stands at 15,200 inhabitants. + The majority of Zubin Potok municipality is composed of with more than 13,900 inhabitants (91.5%), while 1,300 (8.5%) live in the municipality. Most of Zubin Potok's Kosovo Albanians live in the village of (Čabra). + The ethnic composition of the municipality of Zubin Potok, including : + Zubin Potok is an agricultural community, yet the level of agricultural production has been in decrease due to the lack of investment. Local factories have been also strongly affected by the lack of consumers in the Albanian parts of Kosovo. Since most factories were established as branches of main Serbian factory chains to serve the Kosovo market, their workers are still employed but work and get paid regularly and don’t pay taxes and keep being feed by Kosovo Albanians. A majority of products sold in the municipality are imported illegally from Serbia. + Zubin Potok is with:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Zubin_Potok.jpg/250px-Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Zubin_Potok.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Kosovo_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Kosovo_adm_location_map.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Zubin_Potok.jpg/240px-Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Zubin_Potok.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Brnjak_Bridge.jpg/120px-Brnjak_Bridge.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%2C_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.png/277px-%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%2C_%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gazivode_Lake.JPG/270px-Gazivode_Lake.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Varageapril2009.png/240px-Varageapril2009.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubin_Potok
+zh.wikipedia.org,Category:被延伸确认保护的页面 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书,"本分类中的页面，由于 仍无法阻止 或 ，因此被 。 + 參見： + 本分类有以下2个子分类，共有2个子分类。 + 以下27个页面属于本分类，共27个页面。",https://zh.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://zh.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg|https://zh.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Full-protection-shackle-block.svg/40px-Full-protection-shackle-block.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://zh.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://zh.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:%E8%A2%AB%E5%BB%B6%E4%BC%B8%E7%A1%AE%E8%AE%A4%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:CanadaByProvinceCatNav with no grey links - Wikipedia,"Associated tracking categories: This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 1,678 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CanadaByProvinceCatNav_with_no_grey_links
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Transport - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total. + The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Transport
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Natural sciences - Wikipedia,"The are those that produce a comprehension of the through the use of from it by and to construct and/or of its phenomena. + This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Natural_sciences
+en.wikipedia.org,1971 JVP insurrection - Wikipedia,"Ceylonese government victory + + + Wijesena Vidanage (Sanath) W.T.Karunnarathe ( ) + : 37 killed; 195 wounded + + + The (also known as the ) was the first of two unsuccessful armed revolts conducted by the (JVP) against the socialist (then Ceylon) under . The revolt began on 5 April 1971 and lasted until June of that year. The insurgents held towns and rural areas for several weeks, until the regions were recaptured by the , following strong support from friendly nations that sent men and material. Although this first attempt to seize power was quickly crushed by force, in 1987 the JVP launched a low-intensity insurgency in the island's southern, central and western regions that lasted several years. + The insurrection formally began in 1971, but the first attacks took place in 1970. The JVP fought the right-wing (UNP) before launching an island-wide, militant opposition to the newly elected, pro-socialist government. The government's socialist background drew the attention of many states which needed to support it. The sent 60 air-force troops; India guarded the forts, stopping vessels and a Chinese freighter which raided the harbours. Although China provided diplomatic aid, it was accused of supporting the JVP; Chinese diplomats allegedly contacted North Korea, which supplied weapons and ammunition to the JVP. + Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) became a when it gained self-rule from the British on 4 February 1948 with a conservative government formed under the premiership of , who had been instrumental in the negotiations with the British government which led to self-rule. He founded the (UNP), amalgamating three right-leaning pro-dominion parties which won a majority in parliament at the general election. The UNP was defeated in 1956, when became prime minister on a wave of nationalist sentiment bringing together leftist groups. His wife, , entered politics after his assassination in 1959 and became the world's first female prime minister in 1960. Due to successive governments, varying economic policies and frequent strikes, Ceylon's economic outlook during the 1960s had fallen below what it was when it gained independence in 1948; this led to an . + The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) movement was founded during the late 1960s by , a former medical student and functionary. At odds with party leaders and impatient with its lack of revolutionary purpose, Wijeweera formed the movement in 1965 with other like-minded young people. He was apparently expelled from the Maoist wing of the Ceylonese Communist Party the following year and brought his Marxist ideology to what became known as the Sinhalese Marxist Group. Along with Wijeweera, three close supporters emerged as the leaders of the new movement: Sanath, Karunnarathe and (Loku Athula). Initially known also as the New Left, the group attracted students and unemployed rural youth (most between ages 16 and 25) who felt that their economic interests had been neglected by the nation's leftist coalitions. The standard program of indoctrination, the ""Five Lectures"", included discussions of Indian imperialism (expansionism), the growing economic crisis, the failure of the island's communist and socialist parties, and the need for a sudden, violent seizure of power. + The JVP expanded its membership and influence rapidly between 1967 and 1970, gaining control of the student socialist movement on a number of major university campuses (including the ) and receiving recruits and sympathizers from the armed forces; some provided sketches of police stations, airports, and military facilities, a factor in the revolt's initial success. At the Vidyalankara campus, it won the support of the Jatika Sishya Sangamaya (Lanka National Students Society) led by G. I. D. ‘Castro’ Dharmasekera, at the Peradeniya campus it gained control of the Samajawadi Sishiya Sangamaya (the Socialist Students Society) and Vidyodaya campus. lead the Sishiya Sangamaya (Students Society). To draw new members further into the organization and prepare them for a coming confrontation, Wijeweera opened ""education camps"" in remote areas of the south and south-western coasts, which provided training in and basic military skills. The movement's was formed at Madampella in 1969. Following the Madampella conference, two more conferences took place at Urubokka and Dondra. At Urubokka the structure of the organization, with secret, five-member cells and regional commands known as ""district secretaries"" was decided and the prospect of manufacturing weapons was taken up. In the Dondra conference in early 1970, in addition to collecting and manufacturing weapons, details of recruitment, training, uniforms, and collecting information on the armed forces, were discussed. At this point, it was alleged that Dharmasekera had informed the Minister of State, about the existence of the JVP and a (CID) unit under K. C. de Silva had started investigating this group, which was called the "" clique"" and began making arrests. Then-opposition leader Sirima Bandaranaike referred to it in her speech that year. + The group had its first public meeting in 1969 and by early 1970, Wijeweera's group began to take a more public role; its cadres campaigned openly for the socialist (UF) for the . They also distributed posters and pamphlets promising violent rebellion if Bandaranaike did not address proletarian interests. In a manifesto issued during this period, the group used the name ""Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna"" (People's Liberation Front) for the first time. Because of the subversive tone of his publications, the (UNP) government had Wijeweera arrested at Hambantota on 12 May, days before the general elections in May. The UF won a landslide victory against the UNP and formed a government. Wijeweera was released in July 1970. In the politically tolerant atmosphere of the next few months, as the new government attempted to win over a variety of unorthodox leftist groups, the JVP intensified its public campaign and secret preparations for a revolt. Although their group was relatively small, the members hoped to immobilize the government by selective kidnapping and sudden, simultaneous strikes against security forces throughout the island. Some of the necessary weapons had been bought with funds supplied by members, but most party funding came from a string of robberies. The JVP decided to rely on raids against police stations and army camps to secure weapons at the onset of the revolt, and they planned to manufacture their own explosive weapons in preparation. + By 1970, the movement had begun recruiting and training cadres at camps in rural areas of , , , and . Classes delivering the ""Five Lectures"" were held throughout the island, primarily in secluded locations such as cemeteries. After raising a force of about 10,000 full-time members, the JVP stopped recruiting in 1971. The movement was based on five-member cells with a leader, and there were several such cells in a police station area with an area leader. The area leaders selected a district leader, and the district leaders made up the Central Committee. Above the Central Committee was a 12-member which included Wijeweera. Communications were in code by couriers, with the district secretaries communicating messages from the Politburo (which met every two months in ). The JVP published a newspaper (the , or ), and carried out several robberies – including the Okkampitiya and Ambalangoda bank robberies, the Badulla mailbag robbery and the York Street robbery – to raise money. Members were also asked to contribute personal funds. + In September 1970, the JVP Political Bureau met at Ambalangoda and decided to begin collecting arms, with Loku Athula appointed to head the armed section. The group identified that the primary weapon in their arsenal would be the hand bomb and planned to make over 100,000 in several bomb-making factories located in rural areas along with underground storage locations. At the next Political Bureau, at the end of the year, Loku Athula reported that 3,000 bombs had been manufactured. The JVP gave 30,000 stolen from York Street to (alias Podi Athula) to manufacture bombs. The bombs were crude home-made types that sometimes exploded in the process of manufacture. One such incident took place on 17 December 1970, Podi Athula lost his left hand and was critically injured when a grenade exploded while being tested. The cells began arming themselves with ; each member was expected to have a shotgun, 10 cartridges, blue uniforms, military boots, and . However, this process had mixed results, the JVP was only able to manufacture around 3,000 bombs and some exploded in the process. A JVP cache of weapons was found by the police at the Talagalle Temple at Homagama and at the Vidyodaya Campus, the JVP produced blue uniforms, cartridge belts, boots and helmets. + Since its formation in 1949, were an internal security force assisting the during strikes and riots. After the , the armed forces had major cuts in funding, recruitment and joint operations, and were unprepared for a large-scale insurrection. In 1970, the armed forces had an annual budget of Rs 52 million (US$10mn), just 1.2% of total government expenditure. The had an authorized strength of 329 officers and 6,291 other ranks with three infantry regiments each consisting of two (one regular and one volunteer) armed mostly with World War II-era weapons such as rifles, , and , with a few ; a recce regiment equipped with and ; an artillery regiment armed with light and . It lacked tanks, field artillery, automatic rifles, submachine guns and other modern weapons, and peacetime ammunition stocks could sustain only one week of combat operations. The , which had suffered the most from the fallout of the attempted coup (its recruitment had been frozen until 1969) had only one , in its fleet along with a few Thorneycroft . The which had three flying squadrons and a few trained pilots in 1971, consisted of nine tasked with basic pilot training; the had three , four and three fixed-wing aircraft and three helicopters; and the had two de Havilland Doves tasked with maritime patrol. It had mothballed its five jet trainers after plans for introducing jet fighters were scrapped. + The government received multiple warnings of preparations undertaken by the JVP, but failed to comprehend the scale of the insurrection and was unprepared to counter it. Early warnings came from the (CID), which had been tasked with with its late-1969 and early-1970 establishment of the ""Che Guevara Desk"" under ASP K. C. de Silva. , former who had been appointed special security advisor to the , submitted a report on the new group's potential threat to Prime Minister 's government. The government instructed the police to arrest Wijeweera, who was taken into custody in May 1970. After the , however, newly elected Prime Minister Sirima Bandaranaike had Wijeweera released from police custody; reports from the previous administration were overlooked. Bandaranaike's new administration made changes to the police force, removing officers and disbanding units perceived as disloyal. These changes affected the CID; the new government was fearful of another coup by security forces loyal to the previous administration. Bandaranaike's cousin and , a captain in the was promoted to and appointed commanding officer of the Army's Field Security Detachment, tasked with by identifying potentially-disloyal officers. Captain (who led the investigations) reported that a more substantial threat to the government was posed by the JVP, and the police investigation of bomb-making factories began. + In 1970, a parcel sent by the containing Chinese-made rifles was captured by the police; other similar incidents occurred at the beginning of the insurgency. The had sent a delegation early in 1965, meeting Wijeweera. + Wijeweera also visited North Koreans in the country, who congratulated him. He sent a JVP member to the Middle East to forge a link with the . The envoy returned with a letter from the government promising to ship weapons to the island if possible, hinting at aid from South Yemen diplomats to the JVP. + After a lull since October 1970, the JVP held a large public rally on 27 February 1971 at Colombo's Hyde Park, where Wijeweera said: ""Let the revolution of the workers, farmers, and soldiers be triumphant"". It would be the last JVP rally before the insurrection. + At this point, there seems to be a division within the JVP. A faction led by Castro Dharmasekera wanted the movement to remain secret and prepare for a guerrilla war. However, the majority of the carder disagreed and Dharmasekera and his supporters were expelled. On 6 March, this faction calling themselves the Maoist Youth Front began in front of the United States Embassy in Colombo. These turned violent on 10 March with a petrol bomb thrown at the embassy, rioters then attacked and damaged the vehicles parked outside the embassy. Led by , members of the attacked the embassy. +A police officer on duty outside the embassy was stabbed and later died. The student elements of the (CCP) and the JVP were suspected of being the embassy attack and the government ordered a crackdown on these groups. + On 9 March, after an accidental explosion in one of the JVP bomb factories which killed five members, police found 58 bombs in a hut in Nelundeniya, . This gained national attention and indicated that JVP was arming itself. A few days later on 16 March, an explosion took place at Marrs Hall at the Peradeniya campus. The police search the halls of residence at the Peradeniya campus and found a stock of detonators at Hilda Obeysekera Hall. + Although the JVP denounced Dharmasekera, Wijeweera and hundreds of his supporters were arrested during March, the JVP claimed that 4,000 cadres were now behind bars. Wijeweera traveled around the country but was arrested on 13 March in by a special police team and later transferred to the Jaffna Prison, along with 450 others. As a result of the attack on the US Embassy and explosions, the government declared a on 16 March, giving broader powers to the police and military for arrest and detention, but no general military mobilization took place. The Ceylon Army, deployed two platoons of the 1st Battalion, Ceylon Light Infantry (1CLI) to the , followed by two platoons to Kandy. By 27 March, the police and the army had arrested over 300 youths mainly from the CCP in connection with the embassy attack and had raided the Vidyodaya and Vidyalankara campuses. By April 2, more than 400 arrests had been made. + With the arrest of Wijeweera and other mass arrests of its carders, a meeting was held at the (temple) by the JVP politburo on 2 April in response to a request by Wijeweera that posters and leaflets calling for his release be published and, if the insurgency began, 500 cadres be sent to Jaffna to break him out of prison. The group, consisting of S. V. A. Piyathilaka, Lionel Bopage, , Sunanda Deshpriya, , W. T. Karunarathne, Susi L. Wickrama, Wijesena Vidanage (alias Sanath), Somasiri Kumanayake and Anura Ranjith Kurukulasooriya, decided that all in the country would be attacked on 5 April at 11:00 pm. The JVP believed that police stations were the government's principal local element of power, and hoped that disabling them would encourage local populations to rise up in their support. The district leader for and was not at the meeting, and the decision to attack was conveyed via a paid radio obituary notice by that read: ""JVP Appuhamy expired. Funeral 5."". The Wellawaya leader interpreted the order as to attack on the morning of 5 April, not in the evening. + Four missions were planned and assigned to the nationwide 5 April attack. The main responsibility for the attacks was given to the student wing, which Wijeweera had called the ""Red Guard"". The first of the four missions was to attack the , which was one of the country's largest military installations and housed a large . Piyasiri was in charge of the attack by 800 students, who were divided into groups of twenty-five; a smaller attack was to be made on . The second mission, led by Nimal, , Sanath Kumar, and Lal Pieries with more than 50 students, was to abduct the prime minister. The third mission, led by Bopage, was to capture of the city of Colombo. The capital was divided into five areas: Colombo South, Colombo North, Kandy Road, Colombo Central, and Kotte. The insurgents were to attack police stations along the way, obtaining arms and ammunition from them. The targets were , , and the homes of government officials, including Justice Minister , the and the . The fourth mission was to rescue Wijeweera from prison in Jaffna. + Planning for the countrywide insurrection was hasty and poorly coordinated, with some district leaders not informed until the morning of the uprising. At 5:20 am on 5 April, the police station was attacked and two police constables were killed. The Wellawaya attack had preempted the initial wave of simultaneous attacks planned by the JVP, which lost the element of surprise. Following the attack, soon after dawn on 5 April, , ordered a platoon of the 1st Battalion, from to Wellawaya. At 7:00 am, reported the attack and warned of further attacks. Major , Army HQ (Ops), and DIG flew by an air force helicopter to Wellawaya that morning to inspect the ground situation in Wellawaya and reported to Attygalle and the (IGP). The government began frantic preparations for further attacks. A curfew was declared in parts of the island, all police stations were warned of an impending attack, and Attygalle ordered the army to begin . + Several JVP cadres were arrested at on 5 April as they prepared to abduct (or assassinate) Prime Minister Bandaranaike at her private residence at Rosemead Place. This was followed by a quick citywide curfew and more arrests in Kotahena and Borella, with large numbers of bombs, weapons, and medical equipment meant to be used in the planned attack on the city. At 8:00 pm, General Attygalle, IGP and Lieutenant Colonel Anuruddha Ratwatte arrived at the prime minister's residence and briefed her on the attack on Wellawaya and an impending attack that night. Soon afterwards, the prime minister left for (her official residence) with General Attygalle, Captain A.R.P. (Kalu) Wijeratne, and her normal escort. Temple Trees became the centre of government operations (both civil and military) during the crisis, and its security was strengthened. It was a refuge for the ministers, most of whom were from leftist parties. Helicopter patrols around the capital began as rumours spread that the JVP was marching on Colombo. + With a curfew imposed and suspects being arrested, some JVP leaders went into hiding. The attack began as planned. Ninety-two police stations across the country were attacked simultaneously by JVP groups armed with shotguns, bombs, and Molotov cocktails; five (in , , , and ) were overrun by the insurgents, and 43 were abandoned by the police for ""strategic reasons"" during the following days. Fifty-seven police stations were damaged. The insurgents cut telephone and power lines and blocked roads with trees. The Hanwella police station, near Colombo, was attacked on 6 April and overrun. It was soon recaptured by army reinforcements from the Panagoda Cantonment. The No. 2 Squadron of the Royal Ceylon Air Force deployed its three helicopters, which began flying missions to remote police stations to supply them with weapons and ammunition; over the following days, the helicopters returned wounded to hospitals. was also attacked. The police withdrew personnel from smaller police stations. The rebels had taken control of and the town of in the by 10 April, and came close to capturing the remainder of except for cities of and (both of which had two Dutch colonial forts and small army garrisons). However, none of the JVP's four major missions succeeded. The abduction of the prime minister failed, with arrests of JVP members in Colombo on 5 April. The Panagoda Cantonment and Colombo were never attacked, because the members did not assemble. Jaffna Prison was attacked on the night of 5 April to rescue Wijeweera. The cadre booked a bus to the prison, and Pyatilake led the attack. It failed, however, when police reinforcements arrived; many of the attackers were arrested, and some were killed. Attacks on the Jaffna police station and Karainagar naval detachment also failed, with four insurgents killed on 6 April at . + Loku Athula, who was given leadership of the Kegalle District and Kurunegala District, moved into the area on 3 April and began organizing the area leaders. He coordinated operations with detachments in Veyangoda and Mirigama, with over 600 JVP carders deployed across the Kegalle District concentrated at Warakapola and Rambukkana. The Pindeniya detachment, led by Patrick Fernando attacked both the local Police Station and the Bogala Graphite Mines, capturing a lorry load of explosives from the mines. On 8 April, the Warakapola Police Station was attacked, weapons including two submachine guns seized and the building set alight. Police stations in Bulathkohupitiya, Aranayaka, Mawanella, Rambukkana and Dedigama were attacked and the one at Aranayake burned down. Only the police station in Kegalle town and its surrounding area remained under government control in the Kegalle District. In the North Central Province, only the Anuradhapura town and its police station held out, while the police station in Vavuniya and Polonnaruwa were attacked. Less intense activity was reported in the Kandy, Badulla and Moneragala Districts. + Having lost the element of surprise and coordination, the JVP's first wave of attacks was executed as planned. Although on high alert, the government could do little to prepare and withstand the first wave. Weapons and ammunition were a key problem for both sides, with the JVP lacking access and aimed at gaining these from the police and military they would overrun in their first wave; while the government soon found out that its pre-insurrection stocks of small-arms ammunition was enough to hold out for only a week. On 5 April when the warning of the impending attack was issued, some police stations found that they lacked operational firearms or live ammunition. The three Bell 206A Jet Ranger helicopters of the RCyAF began on 5 April with a furry of activity, they began flying weapons and ammunition to isolated police stations. Flying over 12 hours a day, these three helicopters airlifted 36,500 lb of ammunition during April. The Doves flew supply missions to different parts of the island moving 900 soldiers and 100,000 lb of equipment in April. The army reported its first on the first day of the insurrection when Staff Sergeant Jothipala was killed at Thulhiriya in the Kurunegala District. + As the insurgents overran five police stations and forty-three were abandoned in the days that followed, the JVP gained control over large parts of the island uncontested. They would raise the red flag and assert their dominance over the population. The government forces responded by first securing Colombo, other cities and large towns with sizable police and military garrisons. Roadblocks were set up; bridges, ports and airports were secured, overstretching the armed forces, which began mobilizing its . Army, navy, and air-force personnel were initially deployed on ground duty in a defensive posture; in most areas, the police were able to hold out themselves. The government considered the situation dire during the insurrection's early days; its pre-insurrection stocks of small-arms ammunition were expected to run out in a week, and the shooting of by a fellow rating in Jaffna stoked fears of JVP infiltration of the armed forces. Therefore, the government adopted a strategy of holding out, until it received assistance from friendly nations. + Former (IGP) was appointed Additional Permanent Secretary to the , and coordinated the government's defense from the situation room at Temple Trees. Local military coordinating officers, appointed from the three branches of the armed forces for each affected district, were tasked with carrying out local operations. These were Colonel in Anuradhapura, Colonel in Badulla, Colonel in Galle, Colonel in Hambantota, Lieutenant Colonel R. R. Rodrigo in Jaffna, Lieutenant Colonel in Kegalle, Lieutenant Colonel D. J. de S. Wickremasinghe in Matara, Lieutenant Colonel in Moneragala and Lieutenant Colonel in Vavuniya. These appointments changed rapidly as the ground situation changed. + With many parts of the island under JVP control, communication and transport was limited. The JVP had blocked roads having fallen trees, damaged culverts and bridges preventing vehicular movements. Many army convoys were ambushed such as in Aranayake and in Anuradhapura, where Captain was killed. Initial government offensives were pushed back in areas such as , where local was wounded accompanying the first joint army and police expedition into rebel-held areas. + With the government desperately short of weapons and ammunition, Bandaranaike a request for support to friendly countries. The response from many governments was swift. The was the first to respond positively, allowing the Ceylonese government to use an to ferry small arms and ammunition from its bases in within four days of the initial attack. This was followed by a British commitment to supply six helicopters armed with 7.62mm machine guns. + The United States said that it was aware that the JVP was not the organization which , but had no specific intention to militarily aid the government. On a request made by the previous government, a landed on 12 April carrying much-needed spares for RCyAF helicopters. + Pakistan responded with an airlift of supplies, troops, and helicopters to , taking over the airport's defense and freeing Ceylonese troops for other duties. + India did not receive the cable, and the Indian High Commissioner in Ceylon was sent back to India with the aid request on 13 April. The day after units of the were airlifted from and (Chennai) to , and six from the followed with arms and ammunition. The squadron logged 573 flying hours on as many as 1,122 in Ceylon. 150 took over securing RCyAF Katunayake. heavy transports flew in six helicopters and ammunition purchased from Singapore on 17 April. + Ceylon received the most aid from the Soviet Union, with Air Ceylon transporting nine tons of military equipment which the Soviet Union made available from supplies in Cairo on the 19th of April. On 22 April, transporters flew in with five F fighter bombers, a trainer, and two helicopters. The Soviet aircraft were accompanied by 200 trainers and ground crew. In addition, the Soviet Union also sent 12 light mortars and 10 armoured personnel carriers in November. supplied four . Although China supplied 30 , 30,000 automatic and semi-automatic rifles, it was still suspected of supporting the JVP. + The deployed three frigates, the , the and the setting up a naval cordon around Ceylon while the Royal Ceylon Navy had deployed its sailors (including the crew of its sole frigate) on shore duty and harbour defense, making it incapable of preventing the JVP from obtaining aid by sea. Soon harbor defense was taken over by Indian and Pakistani troops, releasing Ceylonese personnel for offensive operations. donated 5,000 SLR rifles. + North Korea used revolutionary propaganda daily in newspapers; North Korean newspapers quoted about the revolution, and the government of Sri Lanka was suspicious of the country's motives. JVP bases contained literature distributed by the North Korean high commission in the country, which helped to develop the party. On 15 May 1971, 18 North Koreans affiliated with the JVP were arrested. Indian patrol boats deployed around the island stopped two North Korean vessels, capturing weapons, food parcels and literature; the vessels may have been headed to JVP-controlled territory to reinforce it against the Ceylonese army. Aid may also have come through the Ceylon-North Korea Friendship Association, which had branches throughout the country. + At the time of the start of the insurrection, there was a Chinese cargo vessel bound for Tanzania in the Colombo Harbour. The Ceylonese government requested to acquire these arms failed following appeals to both Beijing and Dar es Salaam. Thereafter, the Ceylonese government said that the weapons were for the JVP. In April, a Chinese freighter raided a harbour; it was turned back by Indian warships maintaining a naval cordon around Ceylon's coast. An unfamiliar ship was seen off the JVP-controlled coast of Matara; according to an eyewitness, it was larger than any ship the Royal Ceylon Navy had at the time. + Having lost the element of surprise, the JVP's initial attack did achieve a degree of success. However, it failed in its key missions. This meant that it was not able to acquire the modern weapons it need to face the government forces. By withdrawing its small police stations and army detachments, the government denied the JVP the opportunity to capture weapons and ammunition. Having withdrawn to defensible locations such as major cities and towns, the government brought time to replenish its limited stocks of ammunition and receive new weapons. + Wijeweera had been successful in building up the political ideology and the large following of carders. However, these carders large in numbers, lacked proper military training. In comparison, the government forces especially its regulars, although small in number were an all-volunteer professional army with better leadership and training. When the influx of modern weaponry and ammunition began to roll in, the tide turned. The wide array of weapons it received resulted in its own logistical problems. + The regular personnel of the armed services were soon supplemented by the mobilization of reservists (most of whom were World War II veterans) and while Pakistani and Indian troops that were flown in took over the defense of key installations such as airports and harbors. This released the regular troops from static defense to offensive operations. Furthermore, the popular uprising Wijeweera expected from the oppressed classes failed to take place and JVP carders who captured areas did not consolidate these nor prepare for a long drawn out insurgency, as the JVP had not planned for such; local JVP committees raised a red flag in a captured area, and did little else. Widespread looting and damage to state property took place, and several civilians were murdered by the insurgents. + The RCyAF took out five which had been mothballed in 1970, serviced and armed them in three days, and flew them from to RCyAF Katunayake (attacking rebel locations en route). On the 12 April following a bombing run on a target in Polonnaruwa, one Jet Provost lost power and crashed on its approach to RCyAF Chinabay killing its pilot, Ranjith Wijetunga. Several weeks later, the Jet Provosts were joined by the Bell 47-G2s in ground attacks. + The government forces began to enhance its firepower on the ground and began offensive operations into JVP-controlled areas. The Yugoslavian mountain guns were deployed in Kegalle to flush out insurgents and by late April many suspected JVP members were captured, arrested or surrendered. The remaining carders withdrew into the jungle in the Kegalle, Elpitiya, Deniyaya and Kataragama areas. The army received twelve British armoured cars in May and put them to use in Kurunegala and Anuradhapura districts. After three weeks of fighting, the government regained control of all but a few remote areas. In most cases, the government regained control of townships; insurgent groups melted away into the jungle and continued to operate, with some groups operating into early 1972. The government announced two amnesties in May and June 1971, airdropping leaflets encouraging the insurgents to surrender. Without food, weapons, and leadership, many youths surrendered; other groups were surrounded and captured. Two JVP leaders, Sanath (Wijesena Vidanage) and Susil, were killed in confrontations with the armed forces; , who led the remnants of his group from Kegalle into the jungles of , was wounded and captured. In jungles in Anuradhapura, the JVP had established a base camp with supplies along with six sub-camps with which they conducted operations in Rajangana and Tambuttegama. A detachment from the 1CLI troops with 82mm mortars, commanded by Major Jayawardena carried out Operation Otthappuwa in May and cleared these camps. By the end of May, much of the insurrection was crushed. Counter-insurgency operations went on for another year, with the 1CLI establishing a forward base in Horowapatana from November 1972 to April 1973, while the D company, 1CLI closed its operations in Kegalle District only in December 1974. Many youths were detained in rehabilitation camps for months. The official arrest total was 5,067 (of whom 1,117 were from Colombo), but arrests of up to 20,000 were claimed. The government imposed strict censorship of all domestic and foreign news during the period. Reports of summary executions were reported, including the public execution of of Kataragama. Caste-based discrimination was common with armed forces arresting all the youth from low-caste villages, regardless of participation. + The official death toll was 1,200, but unofficial sources reliably estimated it at 4,000–5,000. Forty-one civilians were killed by the insurgents; thirty-seven police officers were killed and 195 were wounded. Twenty-six armed-services personnel were killed, including one officer (19 from the Army, four from the air force, and three from the Navy) and 130 were wounded (87 Army, 15 air force, and 28 Navy) in 1971 and 1972. + Advised by Justice Minister Felix Dias Bandaranaike, the prime minister appointed an investigative unit headed by retired IGP to prosecute the captured insurgents. The unit was made up of and police officers. The crown counsels were made , enabling them to record statements from suspects which would be admissible in court. It soon became apparent that convicting a large number of suspects in custody within the contemporary procedure and laws would take years. + The Criminal Justice Commission was established by the government to prosecute the detained rebels expediently. The commission was composed of Chief Justice H. N. G. Fernando (chairman), Justice , Justice V. T. Thamotheram, Justice H. Dheragoda and Justice . By 1975, 139 inquiries were conducted and 3872 insurgent suspects were charged and 2919 were produced before the commission. 2413 suspects were released under suspended sentences while 258 received terms of rigorous imprisonment, which included 3 imprisonments for life. 50 suspects were acquitted. A second commission was formed in 1976, consisting of three judges. 2520 suspects were released under a suspended sentence, while 372 received terms of rigorous imprisonment, which included 5 imprisonments for life. 92 suspects were acquitted. In 1975, Wijeweera was sentenced to life imprisonment (later reduced to 20 years of ). Many of the surviving JVP leaders received prison sentences; some, including and Somasiri Kumanayake, turned crown witness and were pardoned. Most of the youths in rehabilitation camps were released gradually. + The insurgency caused Rs 2.7 million in damage to public and private property; other institutions lost Rs 3 million. Over Rs 450 million earmarked for capital development was not spent as intended due to the insurgency. Ceylon severed diplomatic ties with North Korea based on information that the country supported the JVP and diplomatic relations were not reestablished till 2014. The government expanded the armed forces, the air force which had 1,400 personnel in 1971 grew to 3,100 by 1976 with the addition of a and the army formed the . The police formed the in 1974. Under the six years of emergency rule following the uprising, the JVP remained dormant. No medals were awarded by the government to the police or armed services personnel. After the victory of the United National Party in the , however, the new government tried to broaden its mandate with a period of political tolerance. With the repeal of the Criminal Justice Commission in 1977, all convicted under it received a general amnesty including Wijeweera. The ban on the party was lifted, and the JVP entered the arena of legal political competition. As a candidate in the , Wijeweera finished fourth with over 250,000 votes (compared with winner 's 3.2 million). + The JVP began a , which lasted from 1987 to 1989 and was more of a than an open revolution. The movement fought with a well-organized military wing, that carried out raids on military installations and targeted assassinations waging a brutal campaign of terror and intimidation across the Southern part of the island. It ended after an equally brutal counter-offensive targeting JVP cells and leadership that resulted in the death of Wijeweera in 1989. + Two incentives for a renewed insurgency exist unemployment and government corruption. With a rapid population increase and relatively-slow economic growth, many youths who were the beneficiaries of free education are unemployed or underemployed; the unemployment rate is high relative to the output of the educational system, which the labour market has failed to address. Political factors include President 's political strategy of oppressing the opposition; the weakness of the main opposition party ( ); the exclusion of those without political connections from some state jobs; the , and the entry of Indian troops into Sri Lanka.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Deniyau.png/220px-Deniyau.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Blue_flag.svg/15px-Blue_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg/23px-South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/14px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg/23px-South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/23px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Air_Force.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army_%28Normal%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army_%28Normal%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg/23px-Communist_Hammer_and_Sickle_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg/23px-South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emblem_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Ceylon_1960.PNG/200px-Sirimavo_Bandaranaike%2C_Prime_Minister_of_Ceylon_1960.PNG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in English association football teams - Wikipedia,"See for a list of England football userbox templates. This category has the following 80 subcategories, out of 80 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_English_association_football_teams
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages - Wikipedia,"To add a page to this category, use . This should only be done if the page is indeed protected; adding the template does not in itself protect the page. + For a dynamic and sortable list of all protected pages, see . For reports of protected pages, see . + This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 5,211 total. . + The following file is in this category, out of 4 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/Will_Smith_slaps_Chris_Rock.jpg/120px-Will_Smith_slaps_Chris_Rock.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages?from=V
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Template Category importance with importance parameter matching title - Wikipedia,Pages where has been used with an parameter matching the page title,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template_Category_importance_with_importance_parameter_matching_title?from=Xt
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:High-importance Animal anatomy articles - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles that have been rated as by . Articles are automatically placed in this category when the corresponding priority is given; please see the for more information. + The following 106 pages are in this category, out of 106 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg/60px-Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:High-importance_Animal_anatomy_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing Albanian-language text - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles with text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages. + This category should only be added with the {{ }} family of templates, never explicitly. + +For example , which wraps the text with . Also available is which displays as : . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 4,761 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Albanian-language_text
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Alberta geography-related lists - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Alberta_geography-related_lists
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Physical systems - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/32px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Physical_systems
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Natural environment - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total. + The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Natural_environment
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2023 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles that contain from June 2023. It is a sub category of . +To add an article to this category add to the article. If you omit the date a will add it for you at some point. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,054 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2023
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in association football teams - Wikipedia,"This lists Wikipedians who are interested in (also known as ""football"" or ""soccer"") teams. + This category has the following 66 subcategories, out of 66 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_association_football_teams
+en.wikipedia.org,Yair Lapid - Wikipedia,"( : , ; born 5 November 1963) is an Israeli politician of the centrist party, and a former . He has been the since January 2023, having previously served in that role from 2020 to 2021. He served as the 14th from 1 July to 29 December 2022. He previously served as the and from 2021 to 2022. He served as from 2013 to 2014. Lapid is the chairman of Yesh Atid. + Before entering politics in 2012, Lapid was an author, TV presenter and news anchor. The centrist Yesh Atid party, which he founded, became the second-largest party in the by winning 19 seats in its first in 2013. The greater-than-anticipated results contributed to Lapid's reputation as a leading centrist. + From 2013 to 2014, following his coalition agreement with , Lapid served as Minister of Finance under Prime Minister . In 2013, Lapid ranked first on the list of the ""Most Influential Jews in the World"" by . He was also recognized in 2013 as one of the leading Foreign Policy Global Thinkers, and ranked as one of magazine's 100 ""Most Influential People in the World"". He serves on the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, and the Sub-Committee on Intelligence and the Security Services. + On 17 May 2020, Lapid became the , after the was sworn in. On 5 May 2021, he began talks with other parties to try to form a coalition government. On 2 June 2021, Lapid informed Israeli President that he had agreed to a with and was prepared to replace the incumbent prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu. The new government was sworn in on 13 June 2021. + Lapid became the prime minister of Israel on 1 July 2022 after Bennett stepped down as prime minister following the dissolution of the Knesset. Lapid remained prime minister until a new government was formed after . + Yair Lapid was born in , the son of journalist and politician , who served as Justice Minister, and novelist and playwright . His father was born in , (now ) to Hungarian Jewish parents, and his mother was born in Tel Aviv. His maternal grandfather David Giladi, originally from (now Romania), was a writer and journalist who was among the founders of the newspaper . He has a sister, Merav, who is a clinical psychologist. Another sister, Michal, died in a car accident in 1984. His paternal grandfather Bela (Meir) Lampel, a lawyer and Zionist activist, was murdered in , while his great-grandmother Hermione Lampel was sent to , where she was murdered in a gas chamber. + Lapid grew up in Tel Aviv and London. His childhood home in Tel Aviv was in the neighborhood, in a residential building known as the Journalists' Residence, as several prominent journalists lived there. He attended high school at the , but struggled with learning disabilities and dropped out without earning a . Lapid spent most of his mandatory military service in the as a military correspondent for the IDF's weekly newspaper, (""In the base camp""). He has given different versions of how he began his service in the IDF before being transferred to , alternatively claiming to have begun his service in the until he was transferred after suffering an asthma attack due to a smoke grenade and to have started his service in the before being pulled out due to suffering an asthma attack from dust and haze during basic training. After completing his military service, he began working as a reporter for and published poetry in literary journals. He also had a career as an amateur boxer. + In the mid-1980s, Lapid married Tamar Friedman. The marriage produced one son, Yoav (born 1987). The couple divorced after the birth of their son. He later married , with whom he has two children. The couple lives in the neighborhood of . He attends the , a synagogue in Tel Aviv. + In 1988, at age 25, Lapid was appointed editor of , a local newspaper published by the group. In 1991, he began writing a weekly column in a nationwide newspaper's weekend supplement—first for , and later for its competitor, . His column's name, ""Where's the Money?"", became his political slogan decades later. + In 1994, Lapid started on TV, hosting the leading Friday evening talk show on Israel TV's Channel 1. In 1997, he had an acting role in an Israeli film about the , . He next hosted a talk show on TV Channel 3. In the 1990s, Lapid hosted a current affairs talk show called ""Yair Lapid"" on . + From 1989 to 2010, Lapid wrote and published books spanning a variety of genres. His first was a thriller, of which he has published three more; the others include two children's books, two novels, and a collection of his newspaper columns. In addition, he wrote a drama series, , that aired on Channel 2 in 2004. He has written a total of 12 books. His most successful book, , was a biography of his late father. + Lapid was also a songwriter for numerous Israeli musicians, among them , , and . Some of the songs he wrote became hits which reached the top of the charts in Israel. + In January 2008, Lapid was the host of ( ), Channel 2's Friday night news magazine. That year, the performed his first play, . + In January 2012, controversy arose after Lapid was admitted by into a program, studying towards a PhD in . This was in violation of rules stating that all doctoral candidates must hold at minimum a bachelor's degree. Lapid, who had failed to complete high school, was admitted to the university based on his extra-academic credentials and career in journalism and writing. After the Knesset Education Committee launched an investigation, the Council for Higher Education canceled the program under which Lapid was admitted, which had allowed students without a BA to study towards a doctorate. + In September 2013, the Israeli edition of magazine estimated Lapid's net worth at 22 million . + On 8 January 2012 Lapid announced that he would be leaving journalism in order to enter politics. + On 30 April he formally registered his party, "" "" ( : , , ""There's a Future""). The move was timed to coincide with the general expectation in Israel for early elections to be held in the early fall of 2012. + A few days after Yesh Atid's registration, in a surprise move, formed a national unity government. It was then thought that Lapid's party would have to wait until late 2013 before it could participate in national elections. But in October 2012, following the departure of Kadima from Netanyahu's coalition over how to implement a Supreme Court decision ending the exemption from the military draft for the ultra-Orthodox, Netanyahu announced that elections would take place in late January 2013, affording Yesh Atid its first opportunity to run. In November 2012, Yesh Atid was polling an average of 11.6%, or 13–14 seats in the 120-seat Knesset. The results of the January election showed the party winning an unexpected 19 seats, making Yesh Atid the second-largest party in the . + After the election, Yesh Atid joined the new government led by Netanyahu. Lapid was named on 15 March 2013. Only nine months later, a survey was published showing a continuing trend of decreasing popularity, with 75% of those polled claiming to be disappointed by his performance, and his party achieved only 10 seats in the Knesset, as opposed to the 19 it got at the beginning of the year. + On 2 December 2014, Netanyahu fired Lapid as finance minister. At the same time, Netanyahu also dismissed party leader from her cabinet post. + Yesh Atid won eleven seats in the , a decrease of eight seats. In the resulting Knesset, Yesh Atid sat in the opposition to a government headed by Netanyahu. + In 2016, Lapid presented his platform, the ""Seven Point Plan for Israel"", which included a robust security doctrine, a regional conference with Arab states based on the necessity of separating from the Palestinians, reforms of the political system to clean up corruption, the State of Israel that strikes a balance between its Jewish and democratic character, a strengthened law enforcement system, an economy propelled forward by innovation, and increased emphasis on education and science. Lapid and Yesh Atid claimed to spearhead the fight against corruption in Israel. The ""Nachshon Plan"", unveiled in 2017, stipulates that any person found guilty of corruption will be banned from serving in public office. To prevent political bribery, it also abolishes ""coalition funds"". + In the and elections, Yesh Atid joined the centrist coalition headed by . Neither election resulted in the formation of a government. Yesh Atid again ran in the coalition for the , but left the coalition after Gantz formed a unity government headed by Netaynahu (with plans for a ). Yesh Atid continued to sit as an opposition party. Lapid served as + On 5 May 2021, Lapid was entrusted with the second mandate to form a new government, after the incumbent Netanyahu failed to do so with the first mandate. On 9 May 2021, it was reported that Lapid and Bennett had made major headway in the coalition talks. However, on 10 May, coalition talks seemed to be jeopardized as the announced it was suspending coalition talks, due to escalation in the . On 13 May his path to being Prime Minister was further complicated when reportedly decided against joining a Lapid government due to the ongoing military conflict with Gaza. + On 30 May 2021, Bennett announced in a televised address that Yamina would indeed join a unity government with Lapid, after all but one of Yamina's MKs agreed to back this decision. On 2 June 2021, following negotiations with Lapid and Bennett, Ra'am leader officially signed a coalition agreement with Lapid and agreed to allow his party to join. The Knesset ultimately voted in favor of the new government by a one-vote margin on 13 June. the government was sworn in that same day, with Lapid becoming the and the . + Upon becoming the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lapid's ministry assumed the duties of the now-defunct . Several weeks later Lapid inaugurated Israel's embassy in , in what was the first official visit of the country by a member of the Israeli Government. In August 2021, he appointed former as , and former Member of the Knesset as ambassador to . + On 11 August, Lapid visited to inaugurate Israel's embassy in the city. In September, he inaugurated the Israeli Embassy in , and announced the re-establishment of . + Lapid became the interim on 1 July 2022, after the Knesset had voted to dissolve and call a snap election the previous day. The rotation government agreement had specified that if a snap election were called while Bennett was still prime minister, then Lapid would rotate into the premiership as acting prime minister until the next government would be formed after the election. During his premiership, Lapid continued to hold the additional office of minister of foreign affairs. + During his term, Israel was involved in a with the in the Gaza Strip dubbed ""Operation Breaking Dawn"". The three-day August operation was widely regarded as successful. The operation was overseen primarily by Lapid and Gantz (who was serving as ). The operation was limited in its scope. + In the , Yesh Atid won 24 seats. A new government was formed by , who succeeded Lapid as Prime Minister on 29 December 2022. Lapid became the Leader of the Opposition for a second time on 2 January 2023. + Lapid participated in the . + Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu proposed that opposition parties Yesh Atid and National Unity enter an emergency unity government amid the , after Leader of the Opposition Lapid urged Nethanyahu put ""aside our differences and form an emergency, narrow, professional government."" Only Gantz's National Unity accepted the offer. Lapid took issue with the structure Netanyahu offered, as well as the fact that Netanyahu would not remove and as ministers in his government. Lapid regarded both of these men to be extremists. + On 28 March 2024, Lapid won with 52.5% of the vote, narrowly beating by 308 votes to 279. + Lapid has said that he would demand a resumption of negotiations between Israel and the . His party's 2013 platform calls for an outline of "" "", while maintaining the large blocs, a united Jerusalem, and ensuring Israel's safety. In January 2013, just days before the election, Lapid said he would not join a cabinet that stalled peace talks with the , and added that a single country for both Israelis and Palestinians without a peace agreement would endanger Israel's Jewish character. He said, ""We're not looking for a happy marriage with the Palestinians, but for a divorce agreement we can live with."" As part of a future peace agreement, Lapid said Palestinians would have to recognize that the large West Bank settlement blocs of , and would remain within the State of Israel. According to Lapid, only granting Palestinians their own state could end the conflict and Jews and Arabs should live apart in two states, while Jerusalem should remain undivided under Israeli rule. He is enthusiastic about annexing the , and has also declared that he is guided by a principle of ""maximum Jews on maximum land with maximum security and with minimum Palestinians."" + Of the diplomatic stalemate in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, Lapid said, ""Most of the blame belongs to the Palestinian side, and I am not sure that they as a people are ready to make peace with us."" He has also dismissed the possibility of a comprehensive peace deal with the Palestinians as unrealistic. + In June 2015, after the March 2015 elections, Lapid visited the United States, and after an hour-long interview, American journalist Jeffrey Goldberg wrote, ""Lapid is a leader of the great mass of disillusioned centrists in Israeli politics. He could conceivably be prime minister one day, assuming Benjamin Netanyahu, in whose previous cabinet he served, ever stops being prime minister. Now functioning as a kind of shadow foreign minister, Lapid argues that Israel must seize the diplomatic initiative with the Palestinians if it is to continue existing as a Jewish-majority democracy, and he is proposing a regional summit somewhat along the lines of the earlier Arab Peace Initiative. Lapid is not a left-winger—he has a particular sort of contempt for the Israeli left, born of the belief that leftists do not recognize the nature of the region in which they live. But he is also for territorial compromise as a political and moral necessity, and he sees Netanyahu leading Israel inexorably toward the abyss."" + In September 2015, Lapid laid out his diplomatic vision in a major speech at Bar Ilan University in which he said, ""Israel's strategic goal needs to be a regional agreement that will lead to full and normal relations with the Arab world and the creation of a demilitarized independent Palestinian state alongside Israel. That's where Israel needs to head. Separation from the Palestinians with strict security measures will save the Jewish character of the state."" + Lapid supports recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the . He stated in 2017 that with attempting to establish a foothold in Syria, Israel cannot be expected to relinquish the Golan Heights. + In 2013, when Yesh Atid sat in the government, Lapid pushed for increased public transportation on , as opposed to the current law that mandates most public transportation shut down. + Additionally, Lapid strongly supports instituting a . Currently, for Jews are controlled by the Chief Rabbinate, which will not officiate marriages between Jews and non-Jews, and some Israelis from the Soviet Union who are not Jewish according to Jewish law cannot marry in Israel. Although Israel recognizes civil marriages that are performed abroad, there is no mechanism for performing civil marriage in Israel. In 2015, under Lapid's leadership, Yesh Atid championed a bill to institute civil marriage, but the bill was defeated in the Knesset, with 50 votes against and 39 in favor. + When Netanyahu walked back his promise to Diaspora Jews in 2017 to expand prayer at the , Lapid strongly criticised the decision, saying that the Israeli government alienated ""senators, congressmen, the majority of the pro-Israel lobby, major donors, the people we turn to when we need help ensuring that Israel will get advanced weapons, that the military assistance will increase, that there will be sanctions on Iran"". He implored to ""not give up on us. We have no intention of giving up on you. We are one people. It might take time. It might take elections. But in a democracy, the majority decides, and the majority in Israel want us to be one nation."" Lapid asserts that it is Israel's responsibility to recognize all streams of Judaism, including streams which don't follow Orthodox Jewish Law. + Lapid is a leading proponent of a deep bipartisan . He has upbraided Netanyahu for alienating American Democrats: ""The fact that the [Israeli] government completely identifies with the conservative, evangelical faction of the Republican party is dangerous."" + When Jewish Democratic Congressman 's request to attend the embassy opening in Jerusalem was ignored, Lapid said, ""There's no way the government of Israel didn't notice this. It's the job of the Prime Minister's office to look at the list and say: We are nonpartisan and are not just attached to Republicans."" + During the 2013 election campaign, Lapid spoke of ""equal shares of the burden"" for all Israeli citizens. He said he would work to see all Israeli citizens, including the thousands of , who had up until that point been exempt from most civil service, be included in military and civil service. On 27 May 2013, Lapid threatened to topple the government unless ultra-Orthodox would be subject to criminal sanctions for draft-dodging. In the view of some Haredim, Lapid's plan represents a ""spiritual holocaust"", as they believe that their Jewish studies are what upholds Israel. Some Haredim have declared that even at the risk of being criminals, they will continue in their Jewish studies and refuse to enlist or perform civilian service. Lapid denied that he was seeking to destroy the Haredi way of life, saying: ""Not one of us wishes, Heaven forbid, to force hiloniyut [secularism] on you or to impose our version of Israeli identity. This state was established so that Jews could be Jews, and live as Jews, without having to fear anyone."" + Lapid is a vocal opponent of the , which seeks to economically isolate Israel. He has said, ""We can no longer abandon this battle to the haters of Israel. We need to defend Israel's good name in the world. They are besmirching us, and the time has come to answer them."" Lapid has also helped college students in America oppose BDS. + Lapid has spoken out vehemently about alleged bias against Israel. In an op-ed, he excoriated the for voting for ""61 resolutions condemning human rights abuses across the world, and 67 resolutions which condemned Israel"" in the past decade and having its own agenda item on Israel. Lapid blames for ""erasing Jewish history"". + Lapid traces the UN's alleged bias against Israel to the creation of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine (UNRWA) in 1950, which services only and gives them hereditary status so that the number of refugees has expanded from approximately 750,000 to five million. + Lapid has also indicated that if the media presents both sides of the story, or is objective then they serve Hamas, and only provide one side of the story when he said: + ""If international media is objective it serves Hamas. If it just shows both sides it serves Hamas. My argument is that the media can't just claim to bring both sides of the story. If you do that you are only bringing one. Hamas' side. + That's cowardly and that's it's lazy, it's an insult insult to the victims, including the Palestinian victims. It's also an insult to the core idea of what journalism is. Believe me I know, I was a journalist for 31 years. + +I have no problem with criticism of Israel, but when you know that one side lies and one side makes every effort to verify the facts, the least we can expect is that you don't give a never-ending platform to their lies."" Lapid, whose father was a survivor, spoke out against 's controversial , which would criminalize accusing the Polish nation of being complicit in the Holocaust. Lapid said: ""No Polish law will change history. Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Hundreds of thousands of Jews were murdered on its soil without them having met any German officer."" He added that his ""grandmother was murdered in Poland by Germans and Poles"". Lapid also wrote that there were "" "". The stated that Lapid's claims about alleged Polish cooperation in the Holocaust were a ""conscious lie"" and that Lapid was ""using Holocaust as a political game"" that mocked the victims, also likening his allegation to the claims made by . + In February 2018, Polish Prime Minister said that ""there were Jewish perpetrators"" of the Holocaust, ""not only German perpetrators"". Lapid condemned Morawiecki's words, saying: ""The perpetrators are not the victims. The Jewish state will not allow the murdered to be blamed for their own murder."" + Lapid's book chronicles his father's life and observations as Israel evolved over its first sixty years. + In April 2013, Lapid appeared on 's list of ""100 Most Influential People in the World 2013"" in the category Leaders. The following month, he ranked first on the list of the ""Most Influential Jews in the World"" by . He also was listed as one of the ""Foreign Policy Global Thinkers 2013"".",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Yair_Lapid_%28D1237-011%29.jpg/220px-Yair_Lapid_%28D1237-011%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Yair_Lapid%2C_Bamahane_issue_12.jpg/170px-Yair_Lapid%2C_Bamahane_issue_12.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Over_The_Ocean_third.jpg/220px-Over_The_Ocean_third.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%93_-_%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8-2.JPG/220px-%D7%99%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%93_-_%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8-2.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blue_and_White1.jpg/220px-Blue_and_White1.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Yair_Lapid_meeting_with_Reuven_Rivlin_against_the_background_of_the_efforts_to_form_a_new_government_of_Israel%2C_May_2021_%28GPOZAC_7336%29.jpg/220px-Yair_Lapid_meeting_with_Reuven_Rivlin_against_the_background_of_the_efforts_to_form_a_new_government_of_Israel%2C_May_2021_%28GPOZAC_7336%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_leaders_of_India%2C_Israel%2C_and_the_United_Arab_Emirates.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_meets_with_leaders_of_India%2C_Israel%2C_and_the_United_Arab_Emirates.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yair_Lapid
+en.wikipedia.org,Yahya Sinwar - Wikipedia,"( : , , born October 29 1962), also spelled , is a Palestinian politician who has been leader of , the political and military organization that rules the , since 2017. + He was born in the in in 1962 to a family who had been from during the . He finished his studies at the where he received a bachelor's degree in Studies. + For orchestrating the abduction and killing of two Israeli soldiers and four Palestinians he considered to be collaborators in 1989, he was sentenced to four life sentences by Israel, of which he served 22 years until his release among 1,026 others in a 2011 for Israeli soldier . Sinwar was one of the co-founders of the security apparatus of Hamas. In 2017, he was elected the leader of Hamas, and claimed to pursue ""peaceful, popular resistance"" to the the following year, a position which was later abandoned. He was re-elected as the leader of Hamas in 2021, and was subject to an assassination attempt by Israel that year. + In September 2015, Sinwar was by the United States government, and Hamas and the have also been designated terrorist organisations by the United States, the European Union and other countries. Sinwar is regarded as the mastermind behind the on 7 October 2023. + Sinwar was born in 1962, in the , when the Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule, where he spent his early years. His family were from (Ashkelon) during the , and sought refuge in the Gaza Strip. After he graduated from high school at Khan Yunis Secondary School for Boys, he went on to the where he received a bachelor's degree in Studies. His younger brother is , who is a military leader in Hamas. + Sinwar was first arrested in 1982 for subversive activities and he served several months in the prison where he met other Palestinian activists, including , and dedicated himself to the Palestinian cause. Arrested again in 1985, upon his release he together with Rawhi Mushtaha co-founded the (Majd), an organization that worked, among others, to identify collaborators with Israel among the Palestinian population, which in 1987 became the ""police"" of Hamas. + Sinwar's killing of suspected collaborators with Israel gained him the nickname ""The Butcher of Khan Yunis"". + In 1988, Sinwar planned the abduction and killing of two Israeli soldiers and the murder of four Palestinians whom he suspected of cooperating with Israel. He was arrested on February that year; during questioning he admitted to strangling two of the victims, inadvertently killing another during a , and accidentally shooting the fourth during an attempted abduction, and showed investigators an orchard where the four bodies were buried. He was sentenced to four life sentences in 1989. He tried to escape several times but was always caught. + In 2008, while serving a prison sentence, he was operated on by Israeli doctors to remove a tumor in his brain to save his life. Sinwar served 22 years of his sentence, and was the most senior Palestinian prisoner freed among 1,026 others in a 2011 for IDF soldier , who had been held hostage by Hamas for five years. + In November 2012, during the , Sinwar met Iranian General in and after his 2017 election as the group's leader in Gaza he cultivated closer cooperation between Hamas, and Iran. In 2015, he is believed to have overseen the torture and execution of fellow Hamas commander Mahmoud Ishtiwi, who was accused of and . Ishtwi was reportedly whipped, suspended from a ceiling for hours across multiple days, and ultimately killed by being shot with three bullets to the chest. + In February 2017 Sinwar was secretly elected the leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip, taking over from . In March, he established a Hamas-controlled administrative committee for the Gaza Strip, which meant that he opposed any power sharing with the in . Sinwar rejects any reconciliation with Israel. He has called on militants to capture more Israeli soldiers. In September 2017, a new round of negotiations with the Palestinian Authority began in Egypt, and Sinwar agreed to dissolve the Hamas administrative committee for Gaza. More recently he has silenced hard-line voices in Gaza, ordering against the use of tunnels that wanted to use to sneak fighters into Israel before they were shut down by new classified Israeli technology in 2017. + On 16 May 2018, in an unexpected announcement on Al Jazeera, Sinwar stated that Hamas would pursue ""peaceful, popular resistance"" to the , opening the possibility that Hamas, which is considered a terrorist organisation by many countries, may play a role in negotiations with Israel. A week earlier he had encouraged Gazans to breach the Israeli siege, saying ""We would rather die as martyrs than die out of oppression and humiliation"", and adding, ""We are ready to die, and tens of thousands will die with us."" + On 1 December 2020, Sinwar tested positive for and was reportedly following the advice of health authorities and taking precautionary measures. A spokesman for the group also said that he was in ""good health and [...] pursuing his duties as usual."" + In March 2021, he was elected to a second four-year term as the head of Hamas Gaza branch in an election held in secret. He is the highest-ranking Hamas official in Gaza and Gaza's ruler, as well as the second most powerful member of Hamas after Haniyeh. + On 15 May 2021, an Israeli airstrike was reported to have hit the home of the Hamas leader; there were no immediate details of any deaths or injured. The strike took place in the Khan Yunis region of southern Gaza in the midst of evergrowing . However, in the week that followed, he appeared publicly at least four times. The most obvious and daring thereof was in a press conference on 27 May 2021, when he mentioned (on air) that he will go home after the press conference (on foot), and invited the to take the decision to assassinate him in the following 60 minutes, until he reaches his home. Sinwar spent the next hour wandering in Gaza streets and having selfie photos with the public. + Sinwar—along with —is regarded as the mastermind behind the on 7 October 2023, the deadliest attack in Israeli history. The attack left around 1,200 people dead and about 240 taken as hostages in Gaza. Following the attack, Sinwar was put under terrorist sanctions and became a top target for assassination by the Israeli military. Israeli intelligence presumes Sinwar is hiding in a and is surrounded by hostages acting as . + After three weeks of conflict in the , Sinwar proposed the release of all Palestinian prisoners in Israeli confinement in exchange for the release of all . Sinwar reportedly visited the hostages in the early days of the war promising they would not be harmed. When one of the hostages, Yocheved Lifshitz, said Sinwar should be ashamed of himself, he was silent. + On November 7, after Israel had surrounded , it claimed it had ""trapped"" Sinwar in a bunker there. Israeli military authorities later claimed he is in in an underground bunker. Leaflets allegedly dropped by Israel into Gaza proclaimed a bounty of $400,000 for providing information on Sinwar's location. According to Reuters, Israel is demanding the exile of Sinwar, Deif, and four other Hamas leaders from Gaza as a condition for a ceasefire. + By February 2024 the IDF believed that Sinwar had moved to Rafah from Khan Younis. According to the IDF, Sinwar is constantly on the move and thus is unable to personally command Hamas forces. On 13 February IDF released CCTV footage dated 10 October showing Sinwar and his wife and children as well as his brother Ibrahim in a Hamas tunnel complex in Khan Younis. IDF stated that they are collecting intelligence and interrogating Hamas commanders and their relatives to find Sinwar.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Yahya_al-Sinwar_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:High-importance articles - Wikipedia,"This category houses high-importance articles. + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 1,770 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:High-importance_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,1950 Albanian Cup - Wikipedia,"( : ) was the fourth season of 's annual cup competition. It began in spring 1950 with the First Round and ended in May 1950 with the Final match. were the defending champions, having won their second Albanian Cup . The cup was won by . + The rounds were played in a one-legged format. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by and a , if necessary. + Games were played in March, 1950* + Games were played in March, 1950. + In this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round. + In this round entered the four winners from the previous round*",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Albanian_Cup
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Alberta-related lists - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 19 pages are in this category, out of 19 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Alberta-related_lists
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Concepts in physics - Wikipedia,"This category comprises physics concepts and topics. They include common physical , physical and physics equations (and formula, relations) as well as some general concepts in physics. + This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. + The following 106 pages are in this category, out of 106 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/25px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Concepts_in_physics
+en.wikipedia.org,Nature deficit disorder - Wikipedia,"is the idea that human beings, especially children, are spending less time outdoors than they have in the past, and the belief that this change results in a wide range of behavioral problems. + This disorder is not recognized in any of the medical manuals for mental disorders, such as the or the . + This term was coined by in 2005. Louv does not intend the term ""disorder"" to represent an actual illness but instead intends the term to act as a metaphor describing the costs of alienation from nature. Louv claims that causes for nature-deficit disorder include parental fears and restricted access to natural areas. + Elizabeth Dickinson has criticized the term as a misdiagnosis that obscures the problems of dysfunctional cultural practices. + Nature-deficit disorder is unrecognized by most medical institutions. Some preliminary research shows that lack of time outdoors does have negative effects on children's mental well-being. + Most research relating to nature-deficit disorder does not specifically mention it by name. Though studies on the impact of natural environments, particularly the concept of , on mental and physical wellbeing often show supporting claims. + Researchers have not assessed the causes of nature-deficit disorder. However, Richard Louv has proposed some causes: + Redlining in the U.S. has led to more low-income and marginalized communities to have limited access to greenspace. One review suggested that nature-deficit disorder may have an increased impact on these communities, although there has been inadequate research to determine any such effects conclusively. + Because nature-deficit disorder is not meant to be a medical diagnosis (and is not recognized as one), researchers have not assessed the effects of nature-deficit disorder. + Louv believes that the effects of nature-deficit disorder on our children will have ""profound implications, not only for the health of future generations but for the health of the Earth itself"". + The was created to encourage and support the people and organizations working to reconnect children with nature. Richard Louv is a co-founder of the Children & Nature Network. + The works to get children outside and actively learning. They hope to address the problem of nature-deficit disorder. They are now working on the , which would increase environmental education in schools. The coalition claims the problem of nature-deficit disorder could be helped by ""igniting student's interest in the outdoors"" and encouraging them to explore the natural world in their own lives. + In Colombia, OpEPA (Organización para la Educación y Protección Ambiental) has been working to increase time spent outdoors since 1998. OpEPA's mission is to reconnect children and youth to the Earth so they can act with environmental responsibility. OpEPA works by linking three levels of education: intellectual, experiencial and emotional/spiritual into outdoor experiences. Developing and training educators in the use of inquiry based learning, learning by play and experiential education is a key component to empower educators to engage in nature education. + Elizabeth Dickinson, a business communication professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, studied nature-deficit disorder through a case study at the North Carolina Educational State Forest system (NCESF), a forest conservation education program. Dickinson argues that it is what Louv's narrative is missing that prevents nature-deficit disorder from effecting meaningful change. She attributes the problems described by nature-deficit disorder as coming not from a lack of children outside or in nature, but from adults' own ""psyche and dysfunctional cultural practices"". According to Dickinson, ""in the absence of deeper cultural examination and alternative practices, nature deficit disorder is a misdiagnosis—a problematic contemporary environmental discourse that can obscure and mistreat the problem."" + Dickinson analyzed the language and discourses used at the NCESF (educators' messages, education and curriculum materials, forest service messages and literature, and the forests themselves) and compared them to Louv's discussion of nature-deficit disorder in his writings. She concluded that both Louv and the NCESF (both who loosely support each other) perpetuate the problematic idea that humans are outside of nature, and they use techniques that appear to get children more connected to nature but that may not. + She suggests making it clear that modern culture's disassociation with nature has occurred gradually over time, rather than very recently. Dickinson thinks that many people idealize their own childhoods without seeing the dysfunction that has existed for multiple generations. She warns against viewing the cure to nature-deficit disorder as an outward entity: ""nature"". Instead, Dickinson states that a path of inward self-assessment ""with nature"" (rather than ""in nature"") and alongside meaningful time spent in nature is the key to solving the social and environmental problems of which nature-deficit disorder is a symptom. In addition, she advocates allowing nature education to take on an emotional pedagogy rather than a mainly scientific one, as well as experiencing nature as it is before ascribing names to everything.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Children_playing_outdoors.jpg/220px-Children_playing_outdoors.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rat_rock_2_020.jpg/220px-Rat_rock_2_020.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_deficit_disorder
+en.wikipedia.org,1975 Aryamehr Cup - Wikipedia,"The ( : جام آریامهر ۱۳۵۳) was a men's professional tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Imperial Country Club in in . It was part of the as a Group AA category event. The tournament was held from 20 October through 26 October 1975. won the singles title. + defeated 1–6, 6–4, 7–5, 6–4 + / defeated / 7–5, 6–7, 6–1, 6–4",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Aryamehr_Cup
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in sports teams - Wikipedia,"This user category contains the user pages of . + This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_sports_teams
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 4,237 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles with text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages. + This category should only be added with the {{ }} family of templates, never explicitly. + +For example , which wraps the text with . Also available is which displays as : . + This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 46,168 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles by importance - Wikipedia,"Articles assessed as part of the 's scheme. + +A list of participating projects along with their statistics can be found in the . Article assessments by WikiProject can be found in . This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_by_importance
+en.wikipedia.org,Talk:1950 Albanian Cup - Wikipedia,"Hello fellow Wikipedians, + I have just modified one external link on . Please take a moment to review . If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit for additional information. I made the following changes: + When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs. + This message was posted before February 2018. , ""External links modified"" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by . No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than using the archive tool instructions below. Editors to delete these ""External links modified"" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template . + Cheers.— 01:52, 15 June 2017 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Symbol_start_class.svg/35px-Symbol_start_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Soccer_ball.svg/25px-Soccer_ball.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Soccer_ball.svg/60px-Soccer_ball.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Soccer_ball.svg/28px-Soccer_ball.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Soccerball_current_event.svg/40px-Soccerball_current_event.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/16px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:1950_Albanian_Cup
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Lists by province or territory of Canada - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 23 subcategories, out of 23 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lists_by_province_or_territory_of_Canada
+en.wikipedia.org,Euclidean vector - Wikipedia,"In , , and , a or simply a (sometimes called a or ) is a geometric object that has (or ) and . Euclidean vectors can be added and scaled to form a . A Euclidean vector is frequently represented by a , or graphically as an arrow connecting an with a , and denoted by + A vector is what is needed to ""carry"" the point to the point ; the Latin word means ""carrier"". It was first used by 18th century astronomers investigating planetary revolution around the Sun. The magnitude of the vector is the distance between the two points, and the direction refers to the direction of from to . Many on such as , , , and have close analogues for vectors, operations which obey the familiar algebraic laws of , , and . These operations and associated laws qualify vectors as an example of the more generalized concept of vectors defined simply as elements of a . + Vectors play an important role in : the and of a moving object and the acting on it can all be described with vectors. Many other physical quantities can be usefully thought of as vectors. Although most of them do not represent distances (except, for example, or ), their magnitude and direction can still be represented by the length and direction of an arrow. The mathematical representation of a physical vector depends on the used to describe it. Other vector-like objects that describe and transform in a similar way under changes of the coordinate system include and . + The vector concept, as it is known today, is the result of a gradual development over a period of more than 200 years. About a dozen people contributed significantly to its development. In 1835, abstracted the basic idea when he established the concept of . Working in a Euclidean plane, he made equipollent any pair of line segments of the same length and orientation. Essentially, he realized an on the pairs of points (bipoints) in the plane, and thus erected the first space of vectors in the plane. The term was introduced by as part of a , which is a sum of a (also called ) and a 3-dimensional . Like Bellavitis, Hamilton viewed vectors as representative of of equipollent directed segments. As use an to complement the , Hamilton considered the vector to be the of a quaternion: + The algebraically imaginary part, being geometrically constructed by a straight line, or radius vector, which has, in general, for each determined quaternion, a determined length and determined direction in space, may be called the vector part, or simply the vector of the quaternion. Several other mathematicians developed vector-like systems in the middle of the nineteenth century, including , , , , and . Grassmann's 1840 work (Theory of the Ebb and Flow) was the first system of spatial analysis that is similar to today's system, and had ideas corresponding to the cross product, scalar product and vector differentiation. Grassmann's work was largely neglected until the 1870s. carried the quaternion standard after Hamilton. His 1867 included extensive treatment of the nabla or ∇. In 1878, was published by . Clifford simplified the quaternion study by isolating the and of two vectors from the complete quaternion product. This approach made vector calculations available to engineers—and others working in three dimensions and skeptical of the fourth. + , who was exposed to quaternions through 's , separated off their vector part for independent treatment. The first half of Gibbs's , published in 1881, presents what is essentially the modern system of vector analysis. In 1901, published , adapted from Gibbs's lectures, which banished any mention of quaternions in the development of vector calculus. + In and , a vector is typically regarded as a geometric entity characterized by a and a direction. It is formally defined as a directed , or arrow, in a . In , a vector is defined more generally as any element of a . In this context, vectors are abstract entities which may or may not be characterized by a magnitude and a direction. This generalized definition implies that the above-mentioned geometric entities are a special kind of vectors, as they are elements of a special kind of vector space called . This particular article is about vectors strictly defined as arrows in Euclidean space. When it becomes necessary to distinguish these special vectors from vectors as defined in pure mathematics, they are sometimes referred to as , , or vectors. + Being an arrow, a Euclidean vector possesses a definite and . A vector with fixed initial and terminal point is called a . When only the magnitude and direction of the vector matter, then the particular initial point is of no importance, and the vector is called a . Thus two arrows and in space represent the same free vector if they have the same magnitude and direction: that is, they are if the quadrilateral is a . If the Euclidean space is equipped with a choice of , then a free vector is equivalent to the bound vector of the same magnitude and direction whose initial point is the origin. The term also has generalizations to higher dimensions, and to more formal approaches with much wider applications. + In classical (i.e., ), vectors were introduced (during the 19th century) as under , of of points; two pairs and being equipollent if the points , in this order, form a . Such an equivalence class is called a , more precisely, a Euclidean vector. The equivalence class of is often denoted + A Euclidean vector is thus an equivalence class of directed segments with the same magnitude (e.g., the length of the ) and same direction (e.g., the direction from to ). In physics, Euclidean vectors are used to represent physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction, but are not located at a specific place, in contrast to , which have no direction. For example, , and are represented by vectors. + In modern geometry, Euclidean spaces are often defined from . More precisely, a Euclidean space is defined as a set to which is associated an of finite dimension over the reals and a of the of which is and (See for details of this construction). The elements of are called . It has been proven that the two definitions of Euclidean spaces are equivalent, and that the equivalence classes under equipollence may be identified with translations. + Sometimes, Euclidean vectors are considered without reference to a Euclidean space. In this case, a Euclidean vector is an element of a normed vector space of finite dimension over the reals, or, typically, an element of equipped with the . This makes sense, as the addition in such a vector space acts freely and transitively on the vector space itself. That is, is a Euclidean space, with itself as an associated vector space, and the dot product as an inner product. + The Euclidean space is often presented as Euclidean space of dimension . This is motivated by the fact that every Euclidean space of dimension is to the Euclidean space More precisely, given such a Euclidean space, one may choose any point as an . By , one may also find an of the associated vector space (a basis such that the inner product of two basis vectors is 0 if they are different and 1 if they are equal). This defines of any point of the space, as the coordinates on this basis of the vector These choices define an isomorphism of the given Euclidean space onto by mapping any point to the of its Cartesian coordinates, and every vector to its . + Since the physicist's concept of has a direction and a magnitude, it may be seen as a vector. As an example, consider a rightward force of 15 . If the positive is also directed rightward, then is represented by the vector 15 N, and if positive points leftward, then the vector for is −15 N. In either case, the magnitude of the vector is 15 N. Likewise, the vector representation of a displacement Δ of 4 would be 4 m or −4 m, depending on its direction, and its magnitude would be 4 m regardless. + Vectors are fundamental in the physical sciences. They can be used to represent any quantity that has magnitude, has direction, and which adheres to the rules of vector addition. An example is , the magnitude of which is . For instance, the velocity could be represented by the vector (0, 5) (in 2 dimensions with the positive -axis as 'up'). Another quantity represented by a vector is , since it has a magnitude and direction and follows the rules of vector addition. Vectors also describe many other physical quantities, such as linear displacement, , linear acceleration, , , and . Other physical vectors, such as the and , are represented as a system of vectors at each point of a physical space; that is, a . Examples of quantities that have magnitude and direction, but fail to follow the rules of vector addition, are angular displacement and electric current. Consequently, these are not vectors. + In the , a bound vector can be represented by identifying the coordinates of its initial and terminal point. For instance, the points and in space determine the bound vector pointing from the point on the -axis to the point on the -axis. + In Cartesian coordinates, a free vector may be thought of in terms of a corresponding bound vector, in this sense, whose initial point has the coordinates of the origin . It is then determined by the coordinates of that bound vector's terminal point. Thus the free vector represented by (1, 0, 0) is a vector of unit length—pointing along the direction of the positive -axis. + This coordinate representation of free vectors allows their algebraic features to be expressed in a convenient numerical fashion. For example, the sum of the two (free) vectors (1, 2, 3) and (−2, 0, 4) is the (free) vector + In the geometrical and physical settings, it is sometimes possible to associate, in a natural way, a or magnitude and a direction to vectors. In addition, the notion of direction is strictly associated with the notion of an between two vectors. If the of two vectors is defined—a scalar-valued product of two vectors—then it is also possible to define a length; the dot product gives a convenient algebraic characterization of both angle (a function of the dot product between any two non-zero vectors) and length (the square root of the dot product of a vector by itself). In three dimensions, it is further possible to define the , which supplies an algebraic characterization of the and in space of the defined by two vectors (used as sides of the parallelogram). In any dimension (and, in particular, higher dimensions), it is possible to define the , which (among other things) supplies an algebraic characterization of the area and orientation in space of the -dimensional defined by vectors. + In a , a vector's squared length can be positive, negative, or zero. An important example is (which is important to our understanding of ). + However, it is not always possible or desirable to define the length of a vector. This more general type of spatial vector is the subject of (for free vectors) and (for bound vectors, as each represented by an ordered pair of ""points""). One physical example comes from , where many quantities of interest can be considered vectors in a space with no notion of length or angle. + In physics, as well as mathematics, a vector is often identified with a of components, or list of numbers, that act as scalar coefficients for a set of . When the basis is transformed, for example by rotation or stretching, then the components of any vector in terms of that basis also transform in an opposite sense. The vector itself has not changed, but the basis has, so the components of the vector must change to compensate. The vector is called or , depending on how the transformation of the vector's components is related to the transformation of the basis. In general, contravariant vectors are ""regular vectors"" with units of distance (such as a displacement), or distance times some other unit (such as velocity or acceleration); covariant vectors, on the other hand, have units of one-over-distance such as . If you change units (a special case of a ) from meters to millimeters, a scale factor of 1/1000, a displacement of 1 m becomes 1000 mm—a contravariant change in numerical value. In contrast, a gradient of 1 /m becomes 0.001 K/mm—a covariant change in value (for more, see ). are another type of quantity that behave in this way; a vector is one type of . + In pure , a vector is any element of a over some and is often represented as a . The vectors described in this article are a very special case of this general definition, because they are contravariant with respect to the ambient space. Contravariance captures the physical intuition behind the idea that a vector has ""magnitude and direction"". + Vectors are usually denoted in boldface, as in and , or in lowercase italic boldface, as in . ( letters are typically used to represent .) Other conventions include or , especially in handwriting. Alternatively, some use a (~) or a wavy underline drawn beneath the symbol, e.g. , which is a convention for indicating boldface type. If the vector represents a directed or from a point to a point (see figure), it can also be denoted as or . In literature, it was especially common to represent vectors with small letters such as . + Vectors are usually shown in graphs or other diagrams as arrows (directed ), as illustrated in the figure. Here, the point is called the , , , or , and the point is called the , , , or . The length of the arrow is proportional to the vector's , while the direction in which the arrow points indicates the vector's direction. + On a two-dimensional diagram, a vector to the of the diagram is sometimes desired. These vectors are commonly shown as small circles. A circle with a dot at its centre (Unicode U+2299 ⊙) indicates a vector pointing out of the front of the diagram, toward the viewer. A circle with a cross inscribed in it (Unicode U+2297 ⊗) indicates a vector pointing into and behind the diagram. These can be thought of as viewing the tip of an head on and viewing the flights of an arrow from the back. + In order to calculate with vectors, the graphical representation may be too cumbersome. Vectors in an -dimensional Euclidean space can be represented as in a . The endpoint of a vector can be identified with an ordered list of real numbers ( - ). These numbers are the of the endpoint of the vector, with respect to a given , and are typically called the (or ) of the vector on the axes of the coordinate system. + As an example in two dimensions (see figure), the vector from the origin = (0, 0) to the point = (2, 3) is simply written as + The notion that the tail of the vector coincides with the origin is implicit and easily understood. Thus, the more explicit notation is usually deemed not necessary (and is indeed rarely used). + In Euclidean space (or ), vectors are identified with triples of scalar components: + This can be generalised to Euclidean space (or ). + These numbers are often arranged into a or , particularly when dealing with , as follows: + Another way to represent a vector in -dimensions is to introduce the vectors. For instance, in three dimensions, there are three of them: + or + where , , are called the (or ) of on the basis vectors or, equivalently, on the corresponding Cartesian axes , , and (see figure), while , , are the respective (or scalar projections). + In introductory physics textbooks, the standard basis vectors are often denoted instead (or , in which the typically denotes ). In this case, the scalar and vector components are denoted respectively , , , and , , (note the difference in boldface). Thus, + The notation is compatible with the and the commonly used in higher level mathematics, physics, and engineering. + As explained , a vector is often described by a set of vector components that to form the given vector. Typically, these components are the of the vector on a set of mutually perpendicular reference axes (basis vectors). The vector is said to be or that set. + The decomposition or resolution of a vector into components is not unique, because it depends on the choice of the axes on which the vector is projected. + Moreover, the use of Cartesian unit vectors such as as a in which to represent a vector is not mandated. Vectors can also be expressed in terms of an arbitrary basis, including the unit vectors of a ( ) or ( ). The latter two choices are more convenient for solving problems which possess cylindrical or spherical symmetry, respectively. + The choice of a basis does not affect the properties of a vector or its behaviour under transformations. + A vector can also be broken up with respect to ""non-fixed"" basis vectors that change their as a function of time or space. For example, a vector in three-dimensional space can be decomposed with respect to two axes, respectively , and to a surface (see figure). Moreover, the and of a vector relate to the of an object. The former is to the radius and the latter is to it. + In these cases, each of the components may be in turn decomposed with respect to a fixed coordinate system or basis set (e.g., a coordinate system, or ). + The following section uses the with basis vectors + Two vectors are said to be equal if they have the same magnitude and direction. Equivalently they will be equal if their coordinates are equal. So two vectors + Two vectors are if they have the same magnitude but . So two vectors + and + are opposite if + Two vectors are if they have the same direction but not necessarily the same magnitude, or if they have opposite direction but not necessarily the same magnitude. + The sum of and of two vectors may be defined as + The addition may be represented graphically by placing the tail of the arrow at the head of the arrow , and then drawing an arrow from the tail of to the head of . The new arrow drawn represents the vector + , as illustrated below: + This addition method is sometimes called the because and form the sides of a and + is one of the diagonals. If and are bound vectors that have the same base point, this point will also be the base point of + . One can check geometrically that + = + and ( + ) + = + ( + ). + The difference of and is + Subtraction of two vectors can be geometrically illustrated as follows: to subtract from , place the tails of and at the same point, and then draw an arrow from the head of to the head of . This new arrow represents the vector + , with being the opposite of , see drawing. And + = − . + A vector may also be multiplied, or re- , by a . In the context of , these real numbers are often called (from ) to distinguish them from vectors. The operation of multiplying a vector by a scalar is called . The resulting vector is + Intuitively, multiplying by a scalar stretches a vector out by a factor of . Geometrically, this can be visualized (at least in the case when is an integer) as placing copies of the vector in a line where the endpoint of one vector is the initial point of the next vector. + If is negative, then the vector changes direction: it flips around by an angle of 180°. Two examples ( = −1 and = 2) are given below: + Scalar multiplication is over vector addition in the following sense: ( + ) = + for all vectors and and all scalars . One can also show that − = + (−1) . + The or or of the vector is denoted by ‖ ‖ or, less commonly, | |, which is not to be confused with the (a scalar ""norm""). + The length of the vector can be computed with the , + which is a consequence of the since the basis vectors , , are orthogonal unit vectors. + This happens to be equal to the square root of the , discussed below, of the vector with itself: + A is any vector with a length of one; normally unit vectors are used simply to indicate direction. A vector of arbitrary length can be divided by its length to create a unit vector. This is known as a vector. A unit vector is often indicated with a hat as in . + To normalize a vector , scale the vector by the reciprocal of its length ‖ ‖. That is: + The is the vector with length zero. Written out in coordinates, the vector is , and it is commonly denoted , , or simply 0. Unlike any other vector, it has an arbitrary or indeterminate direction, and cannot be normalized (that is, there is no unit vector that is a multiple of the zero vector). The sum of the zero vector with any vector is (that is, ). + The of two vectors and (sometimes called the , or, since its result is a scalar, the ) is denoted by ∙ and is defined as: + where is the measure of the between and (see for an explanation of cosine). Geometrically, this means that and are drawn with a common start point, and then the length of is multiplied with the length of the component of that points in the same direction as . + The dot product can also be defined as the sum of the products of the components of each vector as + The (also called the or ) is only meaningful in three or dimensions. The cross product differs from the dot product primarily in that the result of the cross product of two vectors is a vector. The cross product, denoted × , is a vector perpendicular to both and and is defined as + where is the measure of the angle between and , and is a unit vector to both and which completes a system. The right-handedness constraint is necessary because there exist unit vectors that are perpendicular to both and , namely, and (− ). + The cross product × is defined so that , , and × also becomes a right-handed system (although and are not necessarily ). This is the . + The length of × can be interpreted as the area of the parallelogram having and as sides. + The cross product can be written as + For arbitrary choices of spatial orientation (that is, allowing for left-handed as well as right-handed coordinate systems) the cross product of two vectors is a instead of a vector (see below). + The (also called the or ) is not really a new operator, but a way of applying the other two multiplication operators to three vectors. The scalar triple product is sometimes denoted by ( ) and defined as: + It has three primary uses. First, the absolute value of the box product is the volume of the which has edges that are defined by the three vectors. Second, the scalar triple product is zero if and only if the three vectors are , which can be easily proved by considering that in order for the three vectors to not make a volume, they must all lie in the same plane. Third, the box product is positive if and only if the three vectors , and are right-handed. + In components ( ), if the three vectors are thought of as rows (or columns, but in the same order), the scalar triple product is simply the of the 3-by-3 having the three vectors as rows + The scalar triple product is linear in all three entries and anti-symmetric in the following sense: + All examples thus far have dealt with vectors expressed in terms of the same basis, namely, the basis { , , }. However, a vector can be expressed in terms of any number of different bases that are not necessarily aligned with each other, and still remain the same vector. In the basis, a vector is expressed, by definition, as + The scalar components in the basis are, by definition, + In another orthonormal basis = { , , } that is not necessarily aligned with , the vector is expressed as + and the scalar components in the basis are, by definition, + The values of , , , and , , relate to the unit vectors in such a way that the resulting vector sum is exactly the same physical vector in both cases. It is common to encounter vectors known in terms of different bases (for example, one basis fixed to the Earth and a second basis fixed to a moving vehicle). In such a case it is necessary to develop a method to convert between bases so the basic vector operations such as addition and subtraction can be performed. One way to express , , in terms of , , is to use column matrices along with a containing the information that relates the two bases. Such an expression can be formed by substitution of the above equations to form + Distributing the dot-multiplication gives + Replacing each dot product with a unique scalar gives + and these equations can be expressed as the single matrix equation + This matrix equation relates the scalar components of in the basis ( , , and ) with those in the basis ( , , and ). Each matrix element is the relating to . The term refers to the of the angle between two unit vectors, which is also equal to their . Therefore, + By referring collectively to , , as the basis and to , , as the basis, the matrix containing all the is known as the "" from to "", or the "" from to "" (because it can be imagined as the ""rotation"" of a vector from one basis to another), or the "" from to "" (because it contains direction cosines). The properties of a are such that its is equal to its . This means that the ""rotation matrix from to "" is the transpose of ""rotation matrix from to "". + The properties of a direction cosine matrix, C are: + The advantage of this method is that a direction cosine matrix can usually be obtained independently by using or a to relate the two vector bases, so the basis conversions can be performed directly, without having to work out all the dot products described above. + By applying several matrix multiplications in succession, any vector can be expressed in any basis so long as the set of direction cosines is known relating the successive bases. + With the exception of the cross and triple products, the above formulae generalise to two dimensions and higher dimensions. For example, addition generalises to two dimensions as + The cross product does not readily generalise to other dimensions, though the closely related does, whose result is a . In two dimensions this is simply a + A is similar to the cross product in that its result is a vector orthogonal to the two arguments; there is however no natural way of selecting one of the possible such products. + Vectors have many uses in physics and other sciences. + In abstract vector spaces, the length of the arrow depends on a . If it represents, for example, a force, the ""scale"" is of length/force. Thus there is typically consistency in scale among quantities of the same dimension, but otherwise scale ratios may vary; for example, if ""1 newton"" and ""5 m"" are both represented with an arrow of 2 cm, the scales are 1 m:50 N and 1:250 respectively. Equal length of vectors of different dimension has no particular significance unless there is some inherent in the system that the diagram represents. Also length of a unit vector (of dimension length, not length/force, etc.) has no coordinate-system-invariant significance. + Often in areas of physics and mathematics, a vector evolves in time, meaning that it depends on a time parameter . For instance, if represents the position vector of a particle, then ( ) gives a representation of the trajectory of the particle. Vector-valued functions can be and by differentiating or integrating the components of the vector, and many of the familiar rules from continue to hold for the derivative and integral of vector-valued functions. + The position of a point = ( , , ) in three-dimensional space can be represented as a whose base point is the origin + Given two points = ( , , ), = ( , , ) their is a vector + The of a point or particle is a vector, its length gives the . For constant velocity the position at time will be + of a point is vector which is the of velocity. Its dimensions are length/time . + is a vector with dimensions of mass×length/time and is the scalar multiplication + Work is the dot product of and + An alternative characterization of Euclidean vectors, especially in physics, describes them as lists of quantities which behave in a certain way under a . A is required to have components that ""transform opposite to the basis"" under changes of . The vector itself does not change when the basis is transformed; instead, the components of the vector make a change that cancels the change in the basis. In other words, if the reference axes (and the basis derived from it) were rotated in one direction, the component representation of the vector would rotate in the opposite way to generate the same final vector. Similarly, if the reference axes were stretched in one direction, the components of the vector would reduce in an exactly compensating way. Mathematically, if the basis undergoes a transformation described by an , so that a coordinate vector is transformed to , then a contravariant vector must be similarly transformed via . This important requirement is what distinguishes a contravariant vector from any other triple of physically meaningful quantities. For example, if consists of the , , and -components of , then is a contravariant vector: if the coordinates of space are stretched, rotated, or twisted, then the components of the velocity transform in the same way. On the other hand, for instance, a triple consisting of the length, width, and height of a rectangular box could make up the three components of an abstract , but this vector would not be contravariant, since rotating the box does not change the box's length, width, and height. Examples of contravariant vectors include , , , , , and . + In the language of , the requirement that the components of a vector transform according to the same matrix of the coordinate transition is equivalent to defining a to be a of rank one. Alternatively, a contravariant vector is defined to be a , and the rules for transforming a contravariant vector follow from the . + Some vectors transform like contravariant vectors, except that when they are reflected through a mirror, they flip gain a minus sign. A transformation that switches right-handedness to left-handedness and vice versa like a mirror does is said to change the of space. A vector which gains a minus sign when the orientation of space changes is called a or an . Ordinary vectors are sometimes called or to distinguish them from pseudovectors. Pseudovectors occur most frequently as the of two ordinary vectors. + One example of a pseudovector is . Driving in a , and looking forward, each of the has an angular velocity vector pointing to the left. If the world is reflected in a mirror which switches the left and right side of the car, the of this angular velocity vector points to the right, but the angular velocity vector of the wheel still points to the left, corresponding to the minus sign. Other examples of pseudovectors include , , or more generally any cross product of two (true) vectors. + This distinction between vectors and pseudovectors is often ignored, but it becomes important in studying properties. See 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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating - Wikipedia,"This category includes all pages marked as being outdated by {{ }}. Because of its size, users may prefer to work with , which subdivides reference requests based on when they were requested. +This category exists primarily as an aid to bots and other automated processes. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 38,061 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Use Australian English from November 2011 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all ""Use Australian English""-tagged articles from November 2011 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 645 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_November_2011
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians by interest in a sport - Wikipedia,"This user container category contains the of Wikipedians collaborating on sports content of their interest. + This category has the following 91 subcategories, out of 91 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_by_interest_in_a_sport
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Tracking category for Sister project links - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tracking_category_for_Sister_project_links
+en.wikipedia.org,2013 UAFA Club Cup final - Wikipedia,"The was a match which was played on 24 April and 14 May 2013. It was the 1st final of the and the 26th of the Arab World's inter-club football tournament. The final was played as home and away matches, and it was contested between of and of . + is a in , . It is currently used mostly for matches and is the home stadium of . The stadium holds 15,000 people and hosted many matches of the , including the final. + The ( : ) (the name refers to 5 July 1962, the day declared independence), is a and stadium located in , . The stadium was inaugurated in 1972 with a capacity of 95,000. It served as the main stadium of the , the , the , and the . The stadium was one of two venues of the (the other venue was the in ). It hosted 9 matches of the tournament, including the final match, which had a second record attendance of 105,302 spectators. In the final match, the home team Algeria defeated Nigeria 1–0 to win the tournament. The record attendance is of 110,000 spectators in the friendly match between Algeria and Serbia on 3 March 2010. It also hosted the . After a formal compliance with current safety standards in 1999, the stadium was reduced to an 80,200 capacity, and following a new phase of renovation in 2003. + + The final was played on a home-and-away basis, with the order of legs decided by a draw, held after the group stage draw. If the aggregate score was tied after the second leg, the would be applied, and if still level, the would be used to determine the winner (no would be played). + + Ahmed Aroubli ( ) + Aïssa Attaoui ( ) + + + + The second leg meeting took place at in , in the presence of more than 50,000 supporters, as well as a number of Algerian state officials led by at that time . The match was officiated by Saudi international referee , The match witnessed the absence of USM Alger defender due to suspension. First half in the first quarter there was equal performance with an advantage for USM Alger who opened the scoring in the 13th minute through after a pass from . In the 25th minute Al-Arabi scored a goal through Mohamed Farih which was canceled due to offside, although the replay shows that there was no offside. In the 33rd minute, after a counterattack and the exit of in front of goalkeeper and after a shot hit him and while heading to the empty goal it hit the crossbar. USM Alger and after a distribution from , managed to add the second goal in the 37th minute. Three minutes before the end of the first half was sent off after a dangerous intervention on Al-Arabi SC player. + Second half Al-Arabi SC entered strongly in the midst of USM Alger retreat to the back and after several attempts reduced the result in the 58th minute, three minutes later managed to adjust the result after a strong shot from outside the penalty area. In the 73rd minute after being alone in front of goalkeeper , missed the opportunity to score the goal. Two minutes later was fouled inside the penalty area to announce a penalty kick for USM Alger, which was successfully executed by captain . In the 82nd minute saved his net once again from an accomplished goal, USM Alger bore the burden of the match until the final whistle by winning the title for the first time in its history. To receive the from the hand of Prime Minister in the presence of the Minister of Youth and Sports and the President of the . + + Bader Al-Shamrani ( ) + Khaled Al Degairi ( 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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Squash articles by importance - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Squash_articles_by_importance
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Albania articles - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 15,322 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Albania_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Lists of subdivisions of Canada - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lists_of_subdivisions_of_Canada
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All articles that are too technical - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,319 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_are_too_technical
+en.wikipedia.org,95th Air Assault Brigade (Ukraine) - Wikipedia,"The ( : ; ); A0281) is a unit of the . The brigade is located in . It is considered one of the most prestigious and capable units in the Ukrainian military. +The brigade is one of Ukraine’s units. The brigade received a lot of publicity for its allegedly inflicting heavy losses on separatist and Russian forces during the . + The 95th Training Center of the was created in the early 1990s in (Korbutivka base) from the 242nd Training Tank Regiment. The 242nd Tank Training Regiment had been part of the . A second base, Bohunia, was also used for the training center. In 1995, the training center was reorganized into the 95th Separate Airborne Brigade. All of the units except the staff and reconnaissance company moved to Bohunia. + The first jumps in the Brigade occurred in 1994. The brigade was also one of the first airmobile units to receive its Battle Flag, on 5 October 1994. Until the spring of 1996 all of the jumps were done from helicopters. By the end of the northern hemisphere summer of 1996 soldiers began jumping from transport aircraft. All the jumps were conducted in the region of Smokovka, and in the Brigade's training range, located in the area of the Starokonstantinin road across the Teterev river. Currently, the brigade's drop zone is located near the Singury settlement, 10 kilometres (6 mi) from Zhytomyr. + The brigade originally had four battalions, one of which was later disbanded. Soldiers from the brigade took part in peacekeeping missions in , , the , , former , , and between 2003 and 2005 in . + In 2000 the brigade was reorganized into an Airmobile Brigade and was subordinated to the . +Currently, the brigade includes the , which consists of professional soldiers instead of conscripts. The brigade also includes the 2nd Airmobile Battalion which consists of conscripts based in Korbutovka (A-1910). Brigade headquarters and the conscript 1st Airmobile Battalion, specialized, artillery, and logistics units are based in Bohunia (A-0281). + In 2014 the 95th Brigade took part in the and the during the . On 13 May 2014, seven Paratroopers from the unit were killed during an ambush by separatists in Kramatorsk. + In August 2014 the brigade conducted a . The 95th Airmobile Brigade, which had been reinforced with armor assets and attachments, launched a surprise attack on separatist lines, broke through into their rear areas, fought for 450 kilometers, and destroyed or captured numerous Russian tanks and artillery pieces before returning to Ukrainian lines. They operated not as a concentrated brigade but rather split into three company-sized elements on different axes of advance. According to Phillip Karber, it was one of the longest raids in the military history. + The unit was deployed to on 21 November 2014 as part of a regular rotation of Ukrainian troops stationed in the area. + On 29 November 2021, the City Council of Zhytomyr sent requests to the Minister of Defence and the President of Ukraine to award the 95th Air Assault Brigade the honorary title («Поліська» in Ukrainian). The mayor of the city, Serhiy Sukhomlyn, explained that the purpose of the renaming was to mark the military unit's combat merits, high training performance, and successes in anti-terrorist and peacemaking operations. He also said that this request came from the soldiers of the brigade. + On 28 June 2022, the brigade received the honorary award "" "" for its service during the . + As of 2023 the brigade's structure is as follows:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/95_%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%A8%D0%91%D1%80_%D0%BA.svg/150px-95_%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%A8%D0%91%D1%80_%D0%BA.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Air_Assault_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Air_Assault_Forces.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%D0%97%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83_%282022%29.svg/200px-%D0%97%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83_%282022%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/95-%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80.svg/100px-95-%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%C2%ABSaber_Junction-2018%C2%BB_%2870%29_%2831261289188%29.jpg/293px-%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%C2%ABSaber_Junction-2018%C2%BB_%2870%29_%2831261289188%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%C2%ABSaber_Junction-2018%C2%BB_%2852%29_%2844414041124%29.jpg/293px-%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%C2%ABSaber_Junction-2018%C2%BB_%2852%29_%2844414041124%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_-_Equipment_parade_%2829096544002%29.jpg/292px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_-_Equipment_parade_%2829096544002%29.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95th_Air_Assault_Brigade_(Ukraine)
+en.wikipedia.org,Cities (The Cat Empire album) - Wikipedia,"is the third by Australian band , released on 1 April 2006 through . The album consists of music recorded for the band's performance at the the previous month. A limited release, 10,000 individually numbered copies have been made in format. It was released less than a year after their previous album, . + At the 2006 Fine Arts Awards, the album won an under the category . + The album was recorded at Sing Sing Studios in , , . + The band states the following about on their website – ""This project is somewhere in between a tribute to our own city and an experiment in sounds that we’ve found abroad. The approach to this record was far less precious than it was for our debut and Two Shoes. It was a kind of surprise record we almost didn’t expect to make. We wrote the material very quickly, and had an excellent and robust few weeks recording it. The record is in some ways serious and in some ways stupendous. There are ethnics, locals, sad songs, adventure songs, musical chorus’, screamers, and a collection of soul references. There are strings sections, Sitars, Tablas, horn sections, short punchy arrangements as well as some excellent solos. It is the kind of recording in which people might get to hear a different side of the Cat Empire, but it's still soulful, strange, humorous, whimsical, sometimes sad, sometimes delirious, mis-placed and undoubtedly Catempiracle as well."" + All tracks are written by Felix Riebl, unless otherwise indicated",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/TCE_Cities.jpg/220px-TCE_Cities.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_(The_Cat_Empire_album)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians by interest - Wikipedia,"This user container category contains the of for Wikipedians collaborating on topics of their interest. + + + This category has the following 50 subcategories, out of 50 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_by_interest
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages with single-entry sister bar - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 217 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_with_single-entry_sister_bar
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using infobox football match with unknown parameters - Wikipedia,"This category contains pages transcluding ( ) with unknown parameters (undefined, misspelled, etc.). + Pages are typically sorted alphabetically by the unknown parameter that is used, e.g. pages using unknown parameter will be sorted under ""F"". The name of the page is typically used as a secondary sort key. + The following 90 pages are in this category, out of 90 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_football_match_with_unknown_parameters
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Squash - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Squash
+en.wikipedia.org,Category talk:WikiProject Albania articles - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/16px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_talk:WikiProject_Albania_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Canada geography-related lists - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Text-x-generic.svg/28px-Text-x-generic.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Canada_geography-related_lists
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles that are too technical - Wikipedia,"The following articles may be too technical for readers to understand AND someone thinks that they should be improved. To add an article to this category, insert {{ }} at the top of the article's discussion page. + See for an overview of the problem, and suggestions on how to improve articles without reducing their value to more technical readers. + This category has the following 197 subcategories, out of 197 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Busy_desk_red.svg/50px-Busy_desk_red.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_are_too_technical
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing Ukrainian-language text - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles with text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages. + This category should only be added with the {{ }} family of templates, never explicitly. + +For example , which wraps the text with . Also available is which displays as : . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 20,762 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ukrainian-language_text
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Album chart usages for Australia - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 6,272 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Album_chart_usages_for_Australia
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in travelling - Wikipedia,"This page lists the Wikipedians who are interested in . + The following 82 pages are in this category, out of 82 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_travelling
+en.wikipedia.org,German submarine U-1228 - Wikipedia,"was a built for 's during . + were slightly larger than the original . had a displacement of 1,144 tonnes (1,126 long tons) when at the surface and 1,257 tonnes (1,237 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 76.76 m (251 ft 10 in), a length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a of 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a of 4.67 m (15 ft 4 in). The submarine was powered by two M 9 V 40/46 four-stroke, nine-cylinder producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two 2 GU 345/34 producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) . The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft). + The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 63 nautical miles (117 km; 72 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 13,850 nautical miles (25,650 km; 15,940 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 , one , 180 rounds, and a as well as two twin anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a of forty-eight. + was ordered on 14 October 1941 from in under the 391. Her keel was on 16 February 1943 and the U-boat was on 2 October. About three months later she was into service under the command of Friedrich-Wilhelm Marienfeld (Crew X/38) in the on 22 December 1943. + After work-up for deployment, transferred to the and left Kiel for the West Atlantic on 5 September 1944 for her first and only patrol. Stopping briefly in , Norway, for replenishment, she experienced engine troubles in the Norwegian Sea and had to return to port. She set off again on 12 October from Bergen and operated south of sinking one warship, . + She returned to Bergen on 28 December 1944 and continued her journey to the same day. On 17 January 1945, she arrived in where she spent the next two months in the yard. set out again on 1 April 1945 for operations in the West Atlantic. After the surrender of Germany, the U-boat made for the closest Allied port and surrendered to US forces in on 17 May 1945. + In August 1945 was awarded to the United States and after being tested, she was sunk by on 5 February 1946 in position .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/German_submarine_U-1228_surrenders_at_Portsmouth_NH_in_May_1945.jpg/300px-German_submarine_U-1228_surrenders_at_Portsmouth_NH_in_May_1945.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/47px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Canadian_Blue_Ensign_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Canadian_Blue_Ensign_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_submarine_U-1228
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Infoboxes with unknown parameters - Wikipedia,"This category is automatically populated by {{ }}. +Sorted by relevant title part: "" actor"": , "" writer"": . + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 637 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Infoboxes_with_unknown_parameters
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sports-related WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 77 subcategories, out of 77 total. + The following 48 pages are in this category, out of 48 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports-related_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject banners without banner shells - Wikipedia,"Cleanable pages in this category will be periodically cleaned by & . + This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,888,416 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_banners_without_banner_shells
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:North America geography-related lists - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Text-x-generic.svg/28px-Text-x-generic.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:North_America_geography-related_lists
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles with content issues - Wikipedia,"Articles in these categories need attention to improve their – usually by adding more of it. See and for some information on this. + This category has the following 32 subcategories, out of 32 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_content_issues
+en.wikipedia.org,Vadim Abramov (television presenter) - Wikipedia,"( : ; born November 12, 1980; , ) actor and DJ. Ex Ukrainian TV anchorman. + Abramov was born on November 12, 1980, in , Ukraine. After graduating from school with honors, he entered the National Technical University of Ukraine "" "" at the Faculty of Management and Marketing. In 1999, the first working morning TV presenter entertainment show on TV BIZ-TV Ukraine, then became editor of the TV channel. In 2009, professional DJ career starts, and he participated in the theater-studio improvisation ""Black Square"". Later, Vadim Abramov transferred to another improvisational theater, which included taking part in various performances. By the close of was the leading talk show Open Space, in 2013 became the leading comedy show ""cabinet"" with Svetlana Permyakova the TV channel , (Russia) and (Ukraine). 2015 was the leading social reality "" "" on Novyi Kanal (Ukraine), replacing . He is fluent in Russian, English, French, and Spanish. + In 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, Vadim Abramov betrayed Ukraine and moved to Russia, where he starred in the show “Four Dachas” on the Friday TV channel. It is worth noting that as part of the new project, Abramov has already visited the Krasnodar Territory and Voronezh.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadim_Abramov_(television_presenter)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Album chart usages - Wikipedia,"Usage of {{ }}. + This category has the following 109 subcategories, out of 109 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Album_chart_usages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Ships sunk as targets - Wikipedia,"Ships sunk as targets. (Ships sunk when used as targets.) + This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 576 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ships_sunk_as_targets
+en.wikipedia.org,User:אברהם שוורץ - Wikipedia,"or or . + I registered on Wikipedia for the first time at 15:34, on October 18, 2018, with the username Avi Shachar. Since then, I have been editing mainly in but also in and more. + My hobbies include , volunteering with , riding motorcycles, traveling, and watching .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5.jpg/220px-%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Holyoake2.JPG/40px-Holyoake2.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Womanpower_logo.jpg/30px-Womanpower_logo.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/70x70.jpg/45px-70x70.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/41px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Unknown parameters - Wikipedia,"This category contains only subcategories, which are added to this category using {{ }}. + Infoboxes and WikiProject templates are categorised into their own subcategories: + Articles are typically added to subcategories of this category when they use templates that incorporate . + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 268 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Unknown_parameters
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sports and games Wikipedia administration - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports_and_games_Wikipedia_administration
+en.wikipedia.org,Category talk:17th-century Māori tribal leaders - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/80px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/MaoriChief1784.jpg/38px-MaoriChief1784.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_talk:17th-century_M%C4%81ori_tribal_leaders
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Geography of North America - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 35 subcategories, out of 35 total. + The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geography_of_North_America
+en.wikipedia.org,Least squares conformal map - Wikipedia,"A (LSCM) is a representation of a shape created using the Least Squares Conformal Mapping Method. By using the map as a guide when creating a new 2-D image, the colors of the 2-D image can be applied to the original 3-D model. + LSCM is used in computer graphics as a method of producing a from a to a such that the shape of the polygons as mapped to the texture is relatively undistorted. + This –related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Crystal_Clear_app_kscreensaver.svg/35px-Crystal_Clear_app_kscreensaver.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_squares_conformal_map
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Male actors from Kyiv - Wikipedia,"The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Male_actors_from_Kyiv
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Music templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Music_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Albums - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Albums
+en.wikipedia.org,USS Bigelow - Wikipedia,"was a in the . The ship was named for Second Class (1920-1945), who was killed in action extinguishing a magazine fire while serving on board during action against enemy Japanese forces off in the on 14 February 1945. Bigelow was posthumously awarded the . + was built by the Corporation at in . The ship was launched by Mrs. Verna B. Perry, mother of Elmer C. Bigelow. + was part of Combined Task Group CTG 136.1.1 tasked with blockading Cuba during the . received the for participating from 24 October 1962 to 21 November 1962. + saw extensive service in the and also served as a recovery ship for the Mercury and Gemini III programs. + While operating off on 20 April 1967, an explosion in a gun mount injured six sailors, 1 killed. + served as a test platform for in 1977. The mount was installed just aft of the aft radar gun director. + , of during the 1987 missile attack, was of from 1978 to 1980. + decommissioned 5 November 1982. + She was sold for scrap to the at , on 11 December 1992. When the Fore River Shipyard went bankrupt she was resold to N. R. Acquisition Incorporated of by the Massachusetts Bankruptcy Court. She was re-acquired by the Navy for disposition as a target ship, stricken 1 June 1990 and was ""Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise"" (presumably sunk as a gunnery target) on or before 2 April 2003.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/USS_Bigelow_%28DD-942%29_at_sea_in_January_1967.jpg/300px-USS_Bigelow_%28DD-942%29_at_sea_in_January_1967.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/USS_Coronado_%28AGF-11%29_-_Ainsworth_%28FF-1090%29_and_Bigelow_%28DD-942%29_at_Bahrain_1981.jpg/220px-USS_Coronado_%28AGF-11%29_-_Ainsworth_%28FF-1090%29_and_Bigelow_%28DD-942%29_at_Bahrain_1981.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Bigelow
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia template parameter issues - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 60 subcategories, out of 60 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_template_parameter_issues
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia: WP:Athlete is not exclusionary - Wikipedia,"Many on sports figures are often begun with a phrase such as the following: + There are several faults with this statement, first and foremost is that is a guideline and not a policy, secondly that simply making a statement without supporting information is not the best approach in the discussion, and thirdly that another editor may interpret the guidelines differently and find that the guideline is actually met. But the fourth reason is that the statement (or argument) seems to take the stance that since the article does not met the guidelines, it must be deleted. + Let's be clear: doesn't meet the guidelines of , but that doesn't mean the article on him should be deleted. Athletes can achieve notability through other means, as and did. Or, athletes who haven't met any guidelines of such as ""not playing at the highest professional level"" could nevertheless have enough widespread significant coverage to qualify under the . + The guidelines are meant to be ""inclusive"" and not ""exclusive"": Meeting them suffices for inclusion, but failure to meet them is not grounds for exclusion. Several pertinent discussions illustrating this principle: + On the opposite side of the spectrum, many AfDs also see arguments such as the following: + Some editors, though, believe that meeting WP:ATHLETE should not automatically qualify an individual for inclusion, if that individual does not otherwise meet the , particularly in cases where an individual only ever played in one professional game (or even just a few minutes of one professional game) and nothing more can be said about them; WP:ATHLETE is only a guideline, whereas is a policy, and sometimes it be necessary to think critically about the guideline in order to uphold the ""spirit"" of Wikipedia standards rather than the letter of it. + This stance is controversial, however. Many editors believe WP:ATHLETE should be upheld even in cases such as those described above, for several reasons (even if the athlete only played in one pro game, there may be coverage of their college or amateur careers; because making exceptions to WP:ATHLETE would undermine the objective standard we have now and replace it with an arbitrary one; etc.)—see, for example, .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Essay.svg/30px-Essay.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WP:Athlete_is_not_exclusionary
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject New Zealand articles - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles that have been marked by the . + This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 75,774 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_New_Zealand_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Geography by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 25 subcategories, out of 25 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geography_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Computer graphics stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 156 pages are in this category, out of 156 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_graphics_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Male actors by populated place - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 75 subcategories, out of 75 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Male_actors_by_populated_place
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Music - Wikipedia,"This category is for related to . This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total. + The following 32 pages are in this category, out of 32 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Music
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:WikiProject Albums - Wikipedia,"To add an article to , put this template at the top of the article's page with the following minimum parameters: + The full template is as follows: + There was formerly an rating with values , , and . This feature was removed by consensus in 2023. You may see many tags that include this, but it is not functional.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Template-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Template-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Record-Album-02.jpg/33px-Record-Album-02.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/Robot_ic%C3%B4n.svg/18px-Robot_ic%C3%B4n.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Diamond-caution.svg/20px-Diamond-caution.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Gnome-mime-text-x-credits.svg/20px-Gnome-mime-text-x-credits.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/Image-request.svg/16px-Image-request.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Diamond-caution.svg/20px-Diamond-caution.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Record-Album-02.jpg/100px-Record-Album-02.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/Robot_ic%C3%B4n.svg/23px-Robot_ic%C3%B4n.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Diamond-caution.svg/25px-Diamond-caution.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Gnome-mime-text-x-credits.svg/25px-Gnome-mime-text-x-credits.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/Image-request.svg/20px-Image-request.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Diamond-caution.svg/25px-Diamond-caution.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Icon_tools.svg/50px-Icon_tools.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Ambox_warning_orange.svg/40px-Ambox_warning_orange.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Albums
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Naval Vessel Register - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles that incorporate some text from the , a publication of the that is in the . +Articles that cite this source should add to the article. +If the article incorporates text from both the and the Naval Vessel Register, use {{ }}. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 909 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_Naval_Vessel_Register
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles using year nav template with extra parameters - Wikipedia,"This category tracks uses of {{ }} and similar templates that use more parameters than the template supports. {{ }}, for example, supports four topics; if a fifth topic is included in the template, an error message will be displayed, and the article will be placed in this category.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_using_year_nav_template_with_extra_parameters
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject College football/College Football Hall of Fame - Wikipedia,"Welcome to the work page! This page is a living-working document containing lists of all outstanding tasks that need to be completed for the purpose of bringing up the quality of pages on Wikipedia about members of the . + Anyone is welcome to join in--you don't have to be a member of the College Football Project (but we do invite you to join). + The purpose of this page is to assist in creation, cleanup, and enhancement of Wikipedia articles about members of the (HOF). The ultimate goal is to bring up the quality of all artcles related to the HOF. + This page is a living document. Feel free to be and make changes that you think will be best for the project!",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NCAAFootball.jpg/30px-NCAAFootball.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_College_football/College_Football_Hall_of_Fame
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject New Zealand - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_New_Zealand
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Geography by location - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geography_by_location
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Computer science stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 494 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_science_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Actors by populated place - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 131 subcategories, out of 131 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Actors_by_populated_place
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Music WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Music_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia requested images of albums - Wikipedia,"For related articles needing an image or photograph, use in the talk page, which adds the article to . +If possible, please add request to an existing sub-category. + + You can help Wikipedia by uploading freely licensed photographs for these articles to . + The may be able to locate suitable images on other web sites. + The shows articles in this list that have images. + The shows articles in this list that have images. + This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/28px-45_record.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_albums
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Navy - Wikipedia,"This is for articles incorporating text from the 's official unit, biography, and base pages. It is in the . +Articles which cite this source should be tagged with the template {{ }}. + This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 145 pages are in this category, out of 145 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_United_States_Navy
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:Year nav topic - Wikipedia,"Takes multiple parameters: the year# (year 101 or higher), +followed by the main subject (such as: ), followed by optional related subjects, separated by vertical bars: + The example code is on the left, and the wiki-box display is on the right.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Template-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Template-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Ambox_warning_yellow.svg/40px-Ambox_warning_yellow.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/36px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Year_nav_topic5
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject College football/College Football Hall of Fame/templates - Wikipedia,"This page is a work page for the . It holds templates to be used related to the project. + The cleanup drive runs from January through the end of March, 2011. Thank you!! + The cleanup drive runs from January through the end of March, 2011. Thank you!! + Hello! The invites you to participate in the . We are seeking to improve the quality of articles related to the and ask for assistance from not only sports enthusiasts, but also anyone interested in academics, biographies, and history (to simply name a few). Working together, we can make Wikipedia even better! +( ) 13:16, 5 March 2011 (UTC) + Thank you, the cleanup drive is completed.-- ( ) 19:52, 4 April 2011 (UTC) + Hello! The invites you to participate in the . We are seeking to improve the quality of articles related to the and ask for assistance from not only sports enthusiasts, but also anyone interested in academics, biographies, and history (to simply name a few). Working together, we can make Wikipedia even better! +( ) 13:16, 5 March 2011 (UTC) + Thank you, the cleanup drive is completed.-- ( ) 19:52, 4 April 2011 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/NCAAFootball_transparent.png/36px-NCAAFootball_transparent.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/NCAAFootball_transparent.png/36px-NCAAFootball_transparent.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_College_football/College_Football_Hall_of_Fame/templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Oceania WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This comprises . + This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Oceania_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories by location - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 71 subcategories, out of 71 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_by_location
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Computing stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 636 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computing_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories by country and populated place - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_by_country_and_populated_place
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Media WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 31 subcategories, out of 31 total. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Media_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia requested images of music - Wikipedia,"For related articles needing an image or photograph, use in the talk page, which adds the article to . +If possible, please add request to an existing sub-category. + + You can help Wikipedia by uploading freely licensed photographs for these articles to . + The may be able to locate suitable images on other web sites. + The shows articles in this list that have images. + The shows articles in this list that have images. + This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 483 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_music
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government - Wikipedia,"Articles to be included in this category should use {{ }} or another U.S. government attribution template which will automatically add them to this category. +See for more info on works by the . + This category has the following 38 subcategories, out of 38 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,230 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_public_domain_works_of_the_United_States_Government
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Templates that generate short descriptions - Wikipedia,"Templates are automatically placed in this category by adding {{ }} to their documentation page. + This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 179 pages are in this category, out of 179 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Templates_that_generate_short_descriptions
+en.wikipedia.org,User talk:Paulmcdonald - Wikipedia,"The article will be discussed at until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines. + ( ) 03:38, 16 February 2024 (UTC) + Hi, I was trying to find info about . According to a newspaper ( , 27 Oct 1894), the head coach for Washburn in 1894 was Arthur Cane. An 1895 newspaper referred to Arthur Kane as the previous year's football coach. Other sources refer to Arthur Kane as a referee so it seems to be spelled with a K. I can't find any mention of a Gains or Gaines associated with Washburn or football. This conflicts with the official Washburn list used as a reference and so the current info seems dubious. 03:54, 1 March 2024 (UTC) + Dear Wikimedian, + You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. + This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. + The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please . + Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. + On behalf of the UCoC project team, + 23:09, 2 May 2024 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Open_data_small_color_%28vector%29.svg/32px-Open_data_small_color_%28vector%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Crystal_Clear_app_file-manager.png/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_file-manager.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Ambox_warning_orange.svg/48px-Ambox_warning_orange.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Paulmcdonald
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Geographical WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"WikiProjects related to . + This category has the following 42 subcategories, out of 42 total. + The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geographical_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Places - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Places
+en.wikipedia.org,Host signal processing - Wikipedia,"is a term used in computing to describe hardware such as a or which is emulated (to various degrees) in software. refers to the technology as (NSP). HSP replaces dedicated or hardware by using the general purpose of the host computer. + Modems using HSP are known as (a term trademarked by 3COM / USRobotics, but genericized) or . Printers using HSP are known as (after the MS Windows GDI software interface), (named after winmodems) or . + The floppy drive used the host CPU to process drive control signals, instead of a . This instance of HSP predates the usage of the terms HSP and NSP. + In the mid- to late-1990s, Intel pursued native signal processing technology to improve multimedia handling. According to testimony by Intel, Microsoft opposed development of NSP because the technology could reduce the necessity of the operating system. Intel claims to have terminated development of NSP because of threats from Microsoft. + This computing article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Emoji_u1f4bb.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f4bb.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_signal_processing
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories by populated place in Vietnam - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_by_populated_place_in_Vietnam
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Television - Wikipedia,"This is to guide the structure and normalize the standard of articles dealing with the medium and or other forms of episodic programs, such as web series. + A list of participants can be found at . + Technically speaking, anyone who edits or contributes to TV related articles is a participant, and there are no requirements other than that. If one wishes one can further identify oneself with the project by listing one's name as a participant. This helps spread the word about the project and can help other editors see what types of articles that user is interested in editing. + To add yourself to the project listing add the following to your : + + , if you wish to use the userbox, add to your user page instead as it includes the above wikicode. + This project deals with a lot of television related articles, but they are not all the same. Therefore we have created separate pages with information for each type of television related article. + See these for examples of well written articles on characters and elements from fiction: + There is no guideline or policy about naming an article about a fictional character. See the essay . + Actors, producers, writers etc. are all real people. Turn to for help on writing such articles. Here are some quick guidelines and tips for you however. + As a rule do not create categories for ""People "", because they can potentially work on numerous series or movies etc. You should categorize by profession. See the higher level , , , , in the top level . + images on pages of real people that are still alive are not allowed, because these images are replaceable. You also cannot use an image from a television program, , because you are not illustrating the character but the actor. + + + See also (34) + has been set up to identify new articles that are potentially within the scope of this project, based on the rules defined at . It is likely that some are false positives, in which case the log at should be examined for more information. + Please watch , for important alerts related to articles of this Wikiproject. ""Article alerts"" will be updated daily, and will also be transcluded here.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/45px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TV-icon-2.svg/65px-TV-icon-2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/TV-icon-2.svg/65px-TV-icon-2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stock_post_message.svg/25px-Stock_post_message.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Feed-icon.svg/14px-Feed-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Feed-icon.svg/14px-Feed-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/20px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Book_icoline.svg/20px-Book_icoline.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gnome-applications-graphics.svg/20px-Gnome-applications-graphics.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/20px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/20px-System-users.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tango_atom.svg/20px-Tango_atom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg/20px-Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Television
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia requested images of arts - Wikipedia,"For related articles needing an image or photograph, use in the talk page, which adds the article to . +If possible, please add request to an existing sub-category. + + You can help Wikipedia by uploading freely licensed photographs for these articles to . + The may be able to locate suitable images on other web sites. + The shows articles in this list that have images. + + The shows articles in this list that have images. + + You should add the template in the talk page of the article needing a photograph. The article is then automatically added to this category. + If possible please add request to a sub-category. + The shows articles in this list that have images. + This category has the following 27 subcategories, out of 27 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 769 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_arts
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia public domain - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_public_domain
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:Year nav sports topic5 - Wikipedia,"The example code is on the left, and the wiki-box display is on the right.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Year_nav_sports_topic5
+en.wikipedia.org,User talk:Kaliforniyka - Wikipedia,"I discovered that despite being one of the UK's more important aristocrats - ie with a vote in the House of Lords, there aren't any public domain Sandhurst arms: + + The Burkes blazon (quoted on the page) is more complex than I (or Drawshield) can understand, and I wondered if you'd like to put it on your TODO list? + Thanks, + Ian + ( ) 20:04, 7 October 2021 (UTC) + An automated process has detected that when you recently edited , you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page . + ( .) -- ( ) 05:51, 11 February 2024 (UTC) + An automated process has detected that when you recently edited , you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page . + ( .) -- ( ) 06:02, 18 February 2024 (UTC) + An automated process has detected that when you recently edited , you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page . + ( .) -- ( ) 06:09, 7 March 2024 (UTC) + Hi, + Sorry for using your talk page, but I couldn't think of a better way to access you. You have shown an interest in British (Country House) Architectural History. I have suggested that Wikipedians gain access to the Country Life Archive on The Wikipedia Library ( ). Please feel free to support this suggestion (titled ""Country Life Archive (Proquest)"" on the above page) if you think this is a good idea. + Feel free to @ me here with any questions. + Cheers, ( ) 02:57, 9 March 2024 (UTC) + +The redirect has been listed at to determine whether its use and function meets the . Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at until a consensus is reached. ( ) 19:48, 27 March 2024 (UTC) + Thanks for uploading . The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a . However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see ). + Note that any non-free images not used in any will be deleted after seven days, as described in . Thank you. -- ( ) 02:22, 11 April 2024 (UTC) + An automated process has detected that when you recently edited , you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page . + ( .) -- ( ) 05:49, 11 April 2024 (UTC) + Thanks for uploading . The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a . However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see ). + Note that any non-free images not used in any will be deleted after seven days, as described in . Thank you. -- ( ) 02:06, 14 April 2024 (UTC) + -- ( ) 07:32, 25 April 2024 (UTC) + An automated process has detected that when you recently edited , you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page . + ( .) -- ( ) 05:57, 3 May 2024 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Crystal_Clear_app_file-manager.png/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_file-manager.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Information.svg/30px-Information.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ambox_warning_blue.svg/35px-Ambox_warning_blue.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ambox_warning_blue.svg/35px-Ambox_warning_blue.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cornflower_blue_Yogo_sapphire.jpg/130px-Cornflower_blue_Yogo_sapphire.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Kaliforniyka
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia geography collaborations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_geography_collaborations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Geographic position - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. + The following 20 pages are in this category, out of 20 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geographic_position
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Digital signal processing - Wikipedia,"( ) is the study of in a representation and the processing methods of these signals. DSP and are subsets of . It has three major subfields: , and . + This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 204 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Digital_signal_processing
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Populated places in Vietnam - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Vietnam
+en.wikipedia.org,Aapla Alpha Awards - Wikipedia,is the first celebrated awards ceremony by in 2004 for excellence in television. It was held on 14 August 2004 and hosted by Bharat Dabholkar. It received 7.5 TVRs in TRP charts.,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/78/Aapla_Alpha_Awards.jpg/220px-Aapla_Alpha_Awards.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aapla_Alpha_Awards
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia pages with to-do lists - Wikipedia,"This concerns articles with a . + This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 7,347 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_with_to-do_lists
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Public domain image resources - Wikipedia,"is a copy of the master Wikipedia page at , which lists a number of sources of images on the Web. + Public Domain images should be marked with the Public Domain Mark 1.0. Public Domain Mark enables works that are no longer restricted by copyright to be marked as such in a standard and simple way, making them easily discoverable and available to others. The Public Domain Mark is recommended for works that are free of known copyright around the world. These will typically be very old works. +For a creator to release their works into the public domain legally they must use the creative commons CC0 license which gives creators a way to waive all their copyright and related rights in their works to the fullest extent allowed by law. +The presence of a resource on this list does not guarantee that all or any of the images in it are in the public domain. You are still responsible for checking the status of images before you submit them to Wikipedia. + Please read the policy on image use and etiquette at: . + See also: + +It can also help with finding freely licensed animations, audio and videos. + Public Domain resources should have either the Public Domain Mark 1.0 or the CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication mark visible. Non-Public Domain resources should not be added to this list. Listing is ordered alphabetically. + Note: Accurate photographs of two-dimensional visual artworks lack expressive content and are automatically in the public domain once the artwork's copyright has expired (which it has in the US if it was published before 1923). All other copyright notices can safely be ignored. + Clip art, in the graphic arts, refers to pre-made images used to illustrate any medium. Clip art is generally composed exclusively of illustrations (created by hand or by computer software), and does not include stock photography.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain_image_resources
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sidebars with styles needing conversion - Wikipedia,"is a maintenance category to identify templates and modules using a sidebar with an argument with the word 'style' in it (or the 'width' parameter). The specific parameters are listed at . This category will only appear on templates and modules which do not have the words ""testcase"", ""sandbox"", and ""doc"" in their titles. + These templates should be fixed to use ( ) using , , and where appropriate. See sidebar documentation for some quick rules of thumb. + A specific real conversion example is where the to . + An example of two kinds of template that will trigger this category is: + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 4,333 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Busy_desk_red.svg/50px-Busy_desk_red.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sidebars_with_styles_needing_conversion
+en.wikipedia.org,The Telegraph - Wikipedia,", , and other variant names are often names for newspapers. Newspapers with these titles include:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Telegraph
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/WPPlaces - Wikipedia,"This lists the results from contacting the for the . Only active WikiProjects (based on no. participants and talk page activity) are being contacted. Other lists are available for , , , , and . + + The three architects and two other articles above are the only New Zealand-related featured articles I am aware of. For a list of articles which have been selected by , see and . None of these articles have been considered against the criteria for to my knowledge.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symb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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Geographic data and information - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total. + The following 39 pages are in this category, out of 39 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geographic_data_and_information
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Computational fields of study - Wikipedia,"Computational fields of study are areas of research in an existing field using the power of computation, and which are usually named for that. Computational fields of study as a group are sometimes also be referred to as + This category has the following 22 subcategories, out of 22 total. + The following 110 pages are in this category, out of 110 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computational_fields_of_study
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Populated places by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 209 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Populated_places_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Populated places in Asia by country - Wikipedia,"Populated places in , divided by country. + This category has the following 54 subcategories, out of 54 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Asia_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,"Talk:Addington, London - Wikipedia","Village? In Croydon? ( ) 22:22, 10 November 2011 (UTC) + , I see nothing in the guidelines you refer to that says what tense should be used. You have also failed to comply with other guidelines that state the historic county of a place can be mentioned in the lead. Refering to the historic county in the present tense does not contravene the guidelines you mention because the tense used is a grammatical, not a factual, matter. Past events can be mentoned with a present tense if the context allows, which in this case it does. I have inserted a rather pointless citation to illustrate the point. It refers specifically to other parts of London but the point of the citation is the tense used, which relates directly to your argument. BTW, please do not revert detail referenced with a reliable secondary source, which this is. To avoid doubt, this reference was published in 1996, well after 1974, or 1965. ( ) 10:07, 19 August 2021 (UTC) + It has been made absolutely clear the policy we've settled on is not to put history in the present tense. I'd support pursuing a topic ban at this point. ( ) 16:50, 19 August 2021 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Symbol_start_class.svg/35px-Symbol_start_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Terrestrial_globe.svg/26px-Terrestrial_globe.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Terrestrial_globe.svg/80px-Terrestrial_globe.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nuvola_English_flag.svg/25px-Nuvola_English_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Nuvola_English_flag.svg/80px-Nuvola_English_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Routemaster_LDS402A.jpg/34px-Routemaster_LDS402A.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Routemaster_LDS402A.jpg/80px-Routemaster_LDS402A.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/16px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UK-icon.png/17px-UK-icon.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UK-icon.png/80px-UK-icon.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stock_post_message.svg/25px-Stock_post_message.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Splitsection.svg/50px-Splitsection.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Addington,_London"
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia image help - Wikipedia,"guidelines, and tips for contributors about . + + The following 53 pages are in this category, out of 53 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_image_help
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sidebar templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sidebar_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All disambiguation pages - Wikipedia,"This category lists disambiguation pages in all namespaces. (For technical reasons it does not list pages in the template namespace, these are instead found in .) + + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 2,443 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 357,665 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_disambiguation_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia release version work - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 65 pages are in this category, out of 65 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_release_version_work
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Information - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total. + The following 40 pages are in this category, out of 40 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Information
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Computing and society - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total. + The following 68 pages are in this category, out of 68 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computing_and_society
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Places by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Places_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Populated places in Asia - Wikipedia,"Populated places in . + This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Asia
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia pages using copied template - Wikipedia,"Pages in this category contain uses of such as {{ }}. + This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 19,506 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_using_copied_template
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia images - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 35 subcategories, out of 35 total. + The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_images
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia navigation templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_navigation_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All disambiguation pages - Wikipedia,"This category lists disambiguation pages in all namespaces. (For technical reasons it does not list pages in the template namespace, these are instead found in .) + + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 2,443 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 357,665 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_disambiguation_pages?from=Ke
+en.wikipedia.org,1st & Ten - Wikipedia,", , or may refer to:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_%26_Ten
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Abstraction - Wikipedia,"is the in which are distanced from . + uses a strategy of , wherein formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined; thus speaking of demands that the have an intuitive or common experience with the , if the speaker expects to be understood. + This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 55 pages are in this category, out of 55 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Abstraction
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Electronics and society - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electronics_and_society
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Tourist attractions by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 229 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after populated places in Asia - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 37 subcategories, out of 37 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_populated_places_in_Asia
+en.wikipedia.org,Talk:1527 election in Cetin - Wikipedia,"This title seems to be something of a literal translation of the Croatian term , which exists in Croatian sources, but not really in English-language ones. The subtle part is that this kind of an assembly of nobles was ""Croatian Parliament"" of its day, and the fact that it took place in Cetin is less relevant than the fact that this election happened to happen right there. To a modern-day reader, these subtleties will not be obvious, and they may be better served with a descriptive title. Budak's article notes the Croatian term, but uses the term ""election"" in its own section title. I'm thinking we should go with something like that instead. -- ( ) 09:24, 20 January 2014 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Symbol_start_class.svg/35px-Symbol_start_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/25px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/60px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/WPCRO_Logo_2014_c.svg/17px-WPCRO_Logo_2014_c.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/WPCRO_Logo_2014_c.svg/61px-WPCRO_Logo_2014_c.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/11px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Splitsection.svg/50px-Splitsection.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:1527_election_in_Cetin
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Wikipedia logos - Wikipedia,"had a series of in its history before arriving at the current puzzle logo. + Wikipedia's first true logo was an image that was originally submitted by for a logo competition which took place in 2000. It continued to be used after this time on Special Pages, such as search results. + The logo included a quote from the of the 1879 book by ; due to the effect, only part of the text can be read: + prove a failure sary to maintain throu scientific writers usually come to be regarded as an ntific teaching. I never co leness of this immemorial law: ubt, which are in their essence lightness of treatment – but try as one of them. Neverthe nd that I have permitted my of things only at fitting sea crave a moment’s In November 2001, Wikipedians began . A was chosen in the first Wikipedia logo contest, which took place from November to December 2001. The winner was the last logo (#24), contributed by . + The logo included the following quote, taken from 's 1651 book , : + man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but also by this singular passion from other animals; which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight in the continual and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceedeth the short vehemence of any carnal pleasure. Because of its English text, this logo was not ideal for the Wikipedias in other languages. Some wikis chose a similar design with text in their own languages (e.g. the that used a text from the classic book ). Others used the English logo but added the color of a national flag (most of the language projects, , for example) or simply a translation of ""The Free Encyclopedia"" (e.g. ). Still others designed a completely different logo (e.g. the ). + Following a by , an was conducted to find a new logo that was suitable for all languages. After a two-stage vote, a design by (at the time known as ) won with considerable support. The switched to it on September 26, 2003. + Stansifer's logo depicted a , of multiple colors. Covered by text with links, the logo was to symbolize the continuous construction and development of the project. The logo was made in , using a wrapped around a sphere. The file is available . + A ratification vote was held soon after, to confirm community consensus. As a result, of the design were created by members of the community. + One of David Friedland's ( ) , occasionally referred to as the ""silver ball"", was soon chosen. The revision of Stansifer's concept removed the color and changed the overlaid text into one letter or symbol per puzzle piece. Both Friedland and Stansifer have assigned copyrights to the logo to the . + Whilst symbolizing a globe the new logo also loosely resembled a as used in some , a former metaphor for the liberation of the process of professional writing. + There was some controversy over switching the English Wikipedia to this logo for several reasons, one of which was the fact Wikipedia's servers were flickering throughout most of the process. + Before being released to all Wikipedias, the logo was lightened up slightly. + After the , a column in insinuated the logo as being a metaphor for the entire project. wrote ""Just above the omega, at the point where, on human heads, they used to perform frontal lobotomies, bits of the jigsaw are missing."" + The puzzle logo includes 16 letters from 16 different alphabets, many of which—but not all—represent a letter from that alphabet that most closely resembles the English ""W"", as in ""Wikipedia"". The alphabets represented are as follows: + There have, over the years, been suggestions that some of these characters should be changed to reflect the actual spellings of ""Wikipedia"" in various languages. + In late 2009, the Wikimedia Foundation undertook to fix some errors that had been noted in the design of the puzzle globe. In particular, it did not scale well and some letters appeared distorted. For the new logo, the Wikimedia Foundation defined which characters appear on the ""hidden"" puzzle pieces, and had a three-dimensional computer model of the globe created to allow the generation of other views. + The new logo was unveiled in May 2010. It is commonly referred to as ""v2"" or ""2.0"", since it represents the second (official) version of the puzzle globe logo to be adopted. It features the new 3D rendering of the puzzle globe, with corrected characters (and the character replaced by a character). The has been modified from the font to the open-source font, and the subtitle is no longer italicized. The only error is that the Khmer letter ""vo+i"" is lying on its side instead of being straight. It's most likely that this error will not be fixed. + The has more information on the unveiling, and the has more detailed information on the new logo. + On January 15, 2011, a special logo replaced the standard globe in order to mark the tenth anniversary of Wikipedia's founding. The logo depicts a single jigsaw piece, representing the addition of another piece to the puzzle. + On January 14, 2021, a 4-sectioned logo was used instead of the puzzle globe, in order to mark the 20th anniversary of Wikipedia. The 4 sections depict, from top-to-bottom, left-to-right: + Yellow background, a woman reading a book with the ""W"" on it, signifying Wikipedia. +Blue background, a computer showing a blue screen with a ""W"" on it, signifying Wikipedia. +Red background, a phone showing a blue screen with a ""W"" on it, signifying Wikipedia. +Finally, on green background, the normal Wikipedia globe, in blue, but with most letters aside from the ""W"" being replaced with various other objects and symbols. + Some users complained about the visual notoriety of the logo which was found to be striking in contrast to the remainder of the Wikipedia site. + On the Czech Wikipedia, a different ""cake"" logo is shown, with 2, W, O, stuck in the cake. + On January 22, 2021, the previous 20th anniversary logo was replaced with a less striking version, consisting of the normative Wikipedia globe above the text ""20 years of Wikipedia - Over One Billion Edits"". + The first two versions of the logo were made to resemble a globe by the use of the . + The third version (puzzle ball logo) was made in , a program which generates 2D images from a 3D scene description. The consisted of a sphere on which a was , as described . Nohat's version introduced a to the setup, to provide 3D and simulate separate puzzle pieces. + Truly have been created in a few variations. One provides each puzzle piece sculpted independently, to allow alternative renderings; Files are available on GitHub and . Additional 3D printable versions are available in . + See also the thread at the foundation-l mailing list. + A very large , dubbed the , featured in , depicted an approximation of the Wikipedia logo. A smaller version was distributed to the participants. The large ball was dismantled after the closing ceremony, and many participants kept a piece or more of the puzzle. + In 2017, a concrete version of the logo was submerged in to create an 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+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Navigation template - Wikipedia,"A is a grouping of links used in multiple related articles to facilitate navigation between those articles. Editing of a navigation template is done in a central place, the template page. + There are two main varieties of navigation template: (or ), designed to sit at the very bottom of articles, and , designed to sit at the side of the article text. The two are complementary and either or both may be appropriate in different situations. + The usual way to create navigation templates is to use the {{ }} or {{ }} master templates. This simplifies the process of creating a functional and consistent template. + Navboxes are not displayed on the , which accounts for around half of readers. See Phabricator ticket for progress on the mobile issue. + Navboxes are categorized under . Some maintain a list of their navigation templates. + The two main types of navigation template are navboxes and sidebars. The two serve similar purposes: to allow related subjects to link to each other easily in a consistent manner. + + The two types are used interchangeably, and either or both may be appropriate in different circumstances. The primary differences between the two are: + The style of any navigation template depends on its articles, how they are most intuitively presented, and previously established convention. + Advantages of using navigation templates rather than listing all the links under "" "" sections include: + In certain cases, there are alternatives preferable over the creation of a new navigation template. + There are an article may have. When a page exceeds this limit it may look fine in preview but, after the edit is saved, one or more footer navboxes display as wikilinks to the now excess navboxes (for example, displaying a link to ""Template:Navbox"" rather than the Navbox template itself). Solutions for this problem include (a) removing a template, and (b) setting up the footer navboxes so the least important one becomes the ""extra"" navbox (the one the reader will have to navigate to a separate page to in order to view).",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Azimutalprojektion-schief_kl-cropped.png/120px-Azimutalprojektion-schief_kl-cropped.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_template
+en.wikipedia.org,Kehoe (disambiguation) - Wikipedia,"is an Irish clan name. + may also refer to:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehoe_(disambiguation)
+en.wikipedia.org,1st & Ten (graphics system) - Wikipedia,"is a that televised coverage of by inserting graphical elements on the field of play as if they were physically present; the inserted element of the playing field and obeys the visual rules of foreground objects occluding background objects. Developed by and , it is best known for generating and displaying a yellow line over a live broadcast of a football game—making it easier for viewers to follow play on the field. The line is not physically present on the field and is seen only by the television audience. + 1st & Ten is sometimes used generically to refer to the class of systems capable of adding first down lines and similar visual elements and not just the Sportvision system. However, PVI's competing system is more accurately named L-VIS, for Live Video Insertion System. + Over time, usage has evolved. Some football broadcasts change the color of the line from yellow to red on 4th down, or show a second computer-generated line (usually blue in color) that marks the . Lines can also be projected to show other types of field position, including markings for the and the optimum maximum distance for a 's statistical range. In situations, an entire virtual field with yard and boundary markers can be projected onto the field in order to allow league officials, broadcasters and viewers some way to follow action when all field markings are obscured by snow, or mud. + The system makes use of a combination of motion sensors mounted on the broadcast cameras to record what they are viewing, and/or the use of match moving computer graphics technology and an enhanced version of or ""green screen"" technology. + The idea of creating an on-field marker to help TV viewers identify first down distances was conceived and patented in 1978 by , who presented the concept to and of ABC News and Sports and to the . At the time, both decided the broadcast industry was not ready to use Crain's invention. + In 1998, programmer and others revived the idea. ESPN's coordinating producer, , was tasked with overseeing an implementation for his network. The 1st & Ten line was first broadcast by , a private company, during ESPN's coverage of a - game on September 27, 1998. A few weeks later, on Thanksgiving Day in 1998, (PVI) aired its version of the virtual yellow down line on a CBS broadcast of a – game. Four years later, introduced a third version during NBC coverage of a Notre Dame game. + The rivalry between and Sportvision began with a collaboration. In July 1995, PVI had successfully used its (Live Video Insertion System) technology to broadcast virtual advertising behind the home plate on a local broadcast of a baseball game. In January 1996, , director of special projects at PVI, saw Sportvision's puck on the broadcast of the and realized that a combination of L-VIS and FoxTrax would allow virtual insertions in a wider range of situations than either could do on its own, given the power of affordable computers. He contacted , at Sportvision, and the two companies undertook a joint demonstration of their combined technologies during the between the and the at the . The test was not a success and the two companies parted ways, each developing complementary systems that were eventually used to broadcast Sportvision's ""First and Ten"" line and PVI's ""Yellow Down Line"". In October 1999, SportVision sued PVI alleging that PVI's virtual signage, first down line and other products infringed Fox/Sportvision patents. In August 2001, PVI counterclaimed against Sportvision in the federal court action, alleging that Sportvision's virtual strike zone and virtual signage products infringed a PVI patent. In 2002, the companies settled the lawsuits out of court through a cross-licensing deal. + Each football field has a unique crown and contour and is not perfectly flat in order to facilitate , so a 3D model is made of the field prior to the game. Due to the low amount of change throughout a football season, this 3D model is usually only generated once a season at most. It also has a unique color palette, typically various shades of green, depending on the type of surface (i.e. real or grass) and the weather (e.g. bright, shady or even snowing). In addition, after cameras are set up, the position of the camera relative to the field is established to be used in conjunction with the previously created 3D model of the field. + There are usually a number of cameras shooting the field, but typically only three or four main cameras are used for an American football broadcast (one on the fifty-yard line, and one on each twenty-yard line, with most high profile games also having a , as described below). The cameras with video that will be used with the graphics system have electronic encoders within parts of the camera assembly (in the lens and the moving platform the camera sits on, sometimes called a ""panhead"") that monitor how the camera is used during the game ( , , , and extender). The encoders transmit that info live 30 or more times per second to the broadcaster's production truck, where it is processed by Sportvision computers (typically one for each camera). A camera with this type of extra hardware is usually called an ""instrumented"" camera. This information helps keep the yellow 1st & ten line in the proper place without being distorted whenever the camera follows the players or the ball.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/First-down-line.jpg/250px-First-down-line.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_%26_Ten_(graphics_system)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Thought - Wikipedia,"is a process which allows beings to model the world, and so to deal with it effectively according to their goals, plans, ends and desires. Concepts akin to thought are , , , , and . + This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 41 pages are in this category, out of 41 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/28px-Psi2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Thought
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Electronics - Wikipedia,"is the study and use of devices that operate at relatively low voltages by controlling the flow of or other particles in devices such as and . The pure study of such devices is considered as a branch of , while the design and construction of to solve practical problems is part of the fields of , electronic engineering and . + This category has the following 39 subcategories, out of 39 total. + The following 31 pages are in this category, out of 31 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electronics
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Tourist attractions by location - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_by_location
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after populated places by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_populated_places_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All WikiProject Hungary pages - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 29,637 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_WikiProject_Hungary_pages
+en.wikipedia.org,User talk:Nohat: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia,"Re: Talk:List of words of disputed pronunciation + I don't think I know enough to detect many other problems. I'd just assumed app-ricot was only current in the US (North America?) and so I looked a bit deeper. Just seemed odd on a page that elsewhere took pains to distinguish between British, Australian and American usage. On TV here it's popular to advertise some products (shampoo, junk food, kids' toys, action movies) with an American voice-over and I particularly recall one for app-ricat shampoo. + Of course, one dificulty with vowel sounds is that nobody in the UK actually speaks RP anyway. Along with everyone north of Warwick, I maintain that ""dance"" and ""romance"" rhyme, but that's not how the dictionaries have it - they have ""dance"" with a long a. + On ""harass"", early stress - HArass - is the only variant in my UK dictionaries and my aged parents' heads. Also, dictionary.cambridge.org gives just that version in ""[UK] Advanced learners"", but both versions in ""American English"". But see my additions to . + 00:03, 26 Sep 2003 (UTC) + That was me by the way. + About ""Washington"" - it doesn't look like its a pronunciation difference to me, just one of accent. Everyone agrees the first sylable is the same as ""wash"", but they say ""wash"" differently. Perhaps a problem with the phonetic descriptions is that they're so exact they include the accent as well as the general pronunciation. Maybe it would be more neutral to say e.g. the debate is whether ""apricot"" shares its first sylable with ""ape"" or ""application"". + 21:38, 26 Sep 2003 (UTC) + Well you do good work. People call me an asshole, but I say what I think. I'm just glad to see talented people at work. I'll be uploading some color-variants tonight. Maybe they will spark some more refinement and ideas. PS- speaking of professionalism-- I'd never used the color overlays before-- took some getting used to. But I see now that raster-layer versions of that file would have been just about (roughly) ;) - 07:07, 29 Sep 2003 (UTC) + Could you upload logo variants with the subtitles + We'll probably need the subtitle in all languages, but these are the most important ones. I've experimented with using , but this font doesn't really look nice in combination with the logo, and puzzling it together would require changes to the code; I would prefer it to have an individual file for each language. 21:41, Oct 13, 2003 (UTC) + +Waou, thank Nohat. For the logo + I immediately go make a putch on the fr :-) 01:29, 14 Oct 2003 (UTC) + You got the text wrong on Danish and Polish (at least as per the old logos), see above. 03:08, Oct 14, 2003 (UTC) + Hi, I have copied this from talk about your logo on Meta in case you haven't noticed it: + Could you use normal cyrillic I ( И ) instead of short I? It is also unique for Cyrillic but, unlike short I, present in Serbian and Macedonian as well. Or, if you're afraid that some people will think it is N upside down, you could use Zhe ( Ж ); I think it is more often used as a sample Cyrillic letter, it is symetric, and (unlike I) doesn't originate from Greek alphabet (so, it is more Cyrillic, in a way). 11:44, 12 Oct 2003 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Nohat?diff=prev&oldid=1578481
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia template help - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_template_help
+en.wikipedia.org,McKeough - Wikipedia,is a . Notable people with this surname include:,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKeough_(disambiguation)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Computer-related introductions in 1998 - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer-related_introductions_in_1998
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Mental processes - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 32 pages are in this category, out of 32 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mental_processes
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Electricity - Wikipedia,"is a collective term describing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of . +Charge is a of matter, and gives rise to the , one of the four of nature. + This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total. + The following 108 pages are in this category, out of 108 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electricity
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Tourist attractions - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 44 subcategories, out of 44 total. + The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after populated places - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_populated_places
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Hungary articles - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Hungary_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Anthere - Wikipedia,"I became a member of the of Wikimedia Foundation. + Co-founder of the association at the end of 2004, I stayed for a long time on its board. I decided at the end of 2012 to stop my involvement as vice-president of its board of directors. +In real life, I am manager of international projects and may also be a public speaker or advisor. Check out my website: or my . + I conceived and then run various projects related to Wikimedia projects. In the recent years, this is particularly the case of + I am a participant to the French and English versions of Wikipedia since February 2002, sometimes of other wikimedia projects. For several years, I was and part of the on the English-speaking Wikipedia at its start (2002 or 2003?). I have a status of administrator on the English and French versions of Wikipedia, on meta and commons, as well as a status of bureaucrat on fr: + From an association/usergroup perspective... + And ... for those who could have escaped (is it possible?), I am a , I am 55 years old and have three kids. + Do not hesitate to leave me a message on my discussion page or to send me an e-mail. +My meta user page : +Page utilisateur en français : + I currently serve in the general role of Wikimedian-in-residence for in a part-time compensated role. My first goal is to make mutually beneficial contributions to Wikipedia, possibly Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata, based on content published by WIPO under a free licence, or based on collaboration with subject matter experts. The second is to increase the understanding of how our community operates through training and coaching of WIPO staff. My third goal is to identify sources of interesting content, and future paths of collaboration. As a veteran Wikipedian since 2002, former steward, and an administrator on English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons and meta, I strive to abide by the Wikimedia movement's accepted policies and Terms of Use on conflicts of interest. This being said, I am faillible, so do not hesitate to reach out to me in case anything I do as part of this WIR role seems questionable to you. + + + y a un moment où ça me gonfle d'entendre parler de communauté libre et consensuelle pour écarter toute idée de règle. Alors qu'à la base une règle c'est fait pour l'harmonie, pas pour emmerder le monde ... . + +Linus Torvalds (Maybe apocryphal) 20:36, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Exquisite-folder_document_vip.png/48px-Exquisite-folder_document_vip.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Exquisite-mail-arrow.png/48px-Exquisite-mail-arrow.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Crystal_128_mail.png/48px-Crystal_128_mail.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Wikimedia_logo_family_complete_2009.svg/48px-Wikimedia_logo_family_complete_2009.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Florence_Devouard-070A3644.jpg/250px-Florence_Devouard-070A3644.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Cheche.JPG/220px-Cheche.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Twenty_Years_Society_%282019%2C_square_edit%29.png/100px-Twenty_Years_Society_%282019%2C_square_edit%29.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Wikimedia_logo_family_complete_2009.svg/40px-Wikimedia_logo_family_complete_2009.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/40px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/OTRS_Wikimedia.svg/40px-OTRS_Wikimedia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Admin_mop.svg/40px-Admin_mop.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Admin_mop.svg/40px-Admin_mop.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gnome_globe_current_event.svg/40px-Gnome_globe_current_event.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/WLW_logo_puzzle_piece.png/38px-WLW_logo_puzzle_piece.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WikiSkills_logo.png/40px-WikiSkills_logo.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/KTW-logo-dev--600px.png/60px-KTW-logo-dev--600px.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Logo_WikiAfrica_Palabre.svg/40px-Logo_WikiAfrica_Palabre.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/40px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mind_the_gap1.svg/42px-Mind_the_gap1.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/68px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Working_Wikimedian%27s_Barnstar.png/114px-Working_Wikimedian%27s_Barnstar.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Modest_Barnstar.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tireless_Contributor_Barnstar.gif/100px-Tireless_Contributor_Barnstar.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Brilliant_Idea_Barnstar_Hires.png/100px-Brilliant_Idea_Barnstar_Hires.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Barnstar_of_Democracy.png/100px-Barnstar_of_Democracy.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/SpecialBarnstar.png/100px-SpecialBarnstar.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Signpost2.svg/220px-Signpost2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Criquet.1%28L%29.jpg/220px-Criquet.1%28L%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bartnelke.jpg/220px-Bartnelke.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Mer_de_Glace.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Anthere
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Wrapper templates - Wikipedia,"are outer templates which wrap around simpler inner templates, to greatly extend the basic functionality of the inner templates. The concept is to structure the underlying, inner templates to be used as utility tools by various outer, wrapper templates. Templates can be wrapped to existing templates with . + Experience has shown that, when the underlying templates have been restructured with a full set of options to be used, then numerous variations of wrapper templates have been created to extend template functionality with a broad variety of new features. + Wrapper templates can be useful for , as they allow templates to build off of each other, whereas copying and pasting templates can make them harder to maintain. + The function of is to place a box on one's userpage stating that one is taking a wikibreak to focus on exams. A more general template for wikibreaks, , already exists, so rather than duplicating it, {{ }} just consists of a call of {{ }} with some parameters specified, such as an image of books rather than the default image of a sunset. + inserts a message on a talk page that one is following the page and doesn't need to be pinged in replies. It calls with the parameter specified. This gets a little trickier because {{ }} may be substituted. To address this, the actual code used is . + Many templates, such as {{ }} or {{ }}, are just simple wrappers around Lua modules, in this case and . This is straightforward to implement as the table in Lua, which is accessed from the module, can directly read the arguments passed to the wrapper template. The template can then be as simple as (although there is slightly more code to make it substable and add documentation). Two of the main points of this are to avoid needing the ""{{#invoke:"" syntax in articles, and backward compatibility.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wrapper_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists - Wikipedia,"Pages are added to this category through the use of the template. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 16,501 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Disambiguation_pages_with_surname-holder_lists
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Products introduced in 1998 - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 57 pages are in this category, out of 57 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1998
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Mind - Wikipedia,"A is the set of faculties that enables , , , , and —a characteristic of , but which also may apply to other . + This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mind
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Electromagnetism - Wikipedia,"is the set of phenomena associated with and . + This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total. + The following 189 pages are in this category, out of 189 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/25px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/190px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electromagnetism
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Tourism geography - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourism_geography
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Populated places - Wikipedia,"This category includes articles on . + Categories for some countries combine different types of populated places because no official distinction is made locally. + This category has the following 25 subcategories, out of 25 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Populated_places
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Hungary - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Hungary
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Members of the Twenty Year Society of Wikipedia editors - Wikipedia,"This category indicates members of the : an informal group of editors who have been contributing to the project for twenty years or more. Also see , , and . + The following 98 pages are in this category, out of 98 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Twenty_Year_Society_of_Wikipedia_editors
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Infobox consolidation - Wikipedia,"is the process of merging similar . A number of questions arise regularly, during discussion of proposals to merge, or delete, redundant infobox templates. This is an attempt to provide a convenient record of the answers to them. + Several of the principles apply to other types of template, equally. + A typical merge follows this process:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Essay.svg/30px-Essay.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Infobox_consolidation
+en.wikipedia.org,Akdağ (disambiguation) - Wikipedia,"is a mountain in Denizli and Afyon provinces, Turkey. + may also refer to:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/30px-Disambig_gray.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akda%C4%9F_(disambiguation)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Product introductions by year - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 164 subcategories, out of 164 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Product_introductions_by_year
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Entities - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Entities
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Classical field theory - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Classical_field_theory
+en.wikipedia.org,Velvet season - Wikipedia,"(Russian: : ) is a term for early autumn, one of the most comfortable times of the year for people to vacation in the , particularly in the that was known as the ""Russian Riviera"". During the velvet season, the weather is not as hot as in mid-summer months, but is still quite warm, even at night. In North America, an analogy of ""velvet season"" is the . + The term appeared in the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries in when it was fashionable to vacation in the . According to Alexander Levintov, at the beginning of the twentieth century ""velvet season"" referred to several weeks in April and May, when the court and the royal family moved from to the Crimea. Fur clothes were replaced with velvet, as the Crimea at this time was still cool. The summer in the Crimea was called season and September called plys season. + Although its origins relate to the nobility, the velvet season came to have a more general meaning. It is better defined by the general public's tastes, behaviors, and morals than by those of the nobility. By the 1900s, people traveled for the velvet season because it was fashionable and they were hoping to meet people, rather than because the court was traveling. + Although it has proven impossible to determine the exact point in time, at some point, the velvet season switched from referring to the spring to the fall, overlapping with the wool/silk seasons in August and September. + +The well-known Russian author , described Velvet season in his 1914 short story "" "" (Винная Бочка): These are golden days for , and, perhaps, for the entire . It lasts no more than a month and usually coincides with the of Lent, Easter and St. Thomas Sunday. Some people come in order to get rid of the sad need to make visits; others — as newlyweds making a wedding trip; and still others — the majority of them — because it is fashionable that at this time everything noble and rich is going to Yalta, that you can flash toilets and beauty, make profitable acquaintances. Of course, no one notices nature. And I must say that it is at this early spring time that Crimea, all in a pink and white frame of blooming apple trees, almonds, pears, peaches and apricots, not yet dusty, not fetid, refreshed by the magical sea air, is truly beautiful.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velvet_season
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Population geography - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to , spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations to the terrain. Population geography involves in a geographical perspective. + This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_geography
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Eastern Europe WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Eastern_Europe_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians by Wikipedia activity - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 38 subcategories, out of 38 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_by_Wikipedia_activity
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Should I fork? - Wikipedia,": Should I create a separate, new, better version of this essay/template/article/other thing? + + : + +Instead, improve the existing version, or if it's totally unsalvageable, . Forking adds to the maze of redundant pages on Wikipedia, bringing myriad problems, and creates work for other editors who later try to them.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Essay.svg/30px-Essay.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Should_I_fork%3F
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Turkish-language surnames - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 852 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkish-language_surnames
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Product introduction by time - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Product_introduction_by_time
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Ontology - Wikipedia,"is the study of the nature of , , , or , as well as the basic and their relations. Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as , ontology often deals with questions concerning what exist or may be said to exist and how such entities may be grouped, related within a , and subdivided according to similarities and differences. A very simple definition of ontology is that it is the examination of what is meant, in context, by the word 'thing'. + This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 128 pages are in this category, out of 128 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ontology
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Theoretical physics - Wikipedia,"is that employs and rather than processes. Theoretical physics attempts to understand the by making a of , used for rationalizing, explaining, and predicting physical in what are called "" ."" There are three types of theories in physics: mainstream theories, proposed theories and fringe theories. + This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. + The following 100 pages are in this category, out of 100 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Theoretical_physics
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Spring (season) - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to , one of the four , succeeding and preceding . Spring and ""springtime"" refer to the season, and also to ideas of rebirth, rejuvenation, renewal, resurrection and regrowth. + This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Spring_(season)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Population - Wikipedia,"A is the collection of people—or of a particular —living in a given . + This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 78 pages are in this category, out of 78 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Population
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Ukraine - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Ukraine
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Mustafdesam - Wikipedia,"I just go on doing, as they say, my thing. I believe this takes a certain courage. + Imagine there's no heaven +It's easy if you try +No hell below us +Above us only sky +Imagine all the people living for today +Imagine there's no countries +It isn't hard to do +Nothing to kill or die for +And no religion too +Imagine all the people living life in peace, you +You may say I'm a dreamer +But I'm not the only one +I hope some day you'll join us +And the world will be as one +Imagine no possessions +I wonder if you can. + who may tell the tale +of the old man? +weigh absence in a scale? +mete want with a span? +the sum assess +of the world's woes? +nothingness +in words enclose? + - So I repeat we never can have a true view of man unless we have a love for him. Civilisation must be judged and prized, not by the amount of power it has developed, but by how much it has evolved and given expression to, by its laws and institutions, the love of humanity. + - O my soul, do not aspire to immortal life, + but exhaust the limits of the possible. + Come, come, whoever you are, +Wanderer, idolater, worshiper of fire, +Come even though you have broken your vows a thousand times, +Come, and come yet again. +Ours is not a caravan of despair + If God be within the mosque, then to whom does this world belong? +If Ram be within the image which you find upon your pilgrimage, +then who is there to know what happens without? +Hari is in the East, Allah is in the West. +Look within your heart, for there you will find both Karim and Ram; +All the men and women of the world are His living forms. +Kabir is the child of Allah and of Ram: He is my Guru, He is my Pir.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/24px-Flag_of_India.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Wikipedia_extended_confirmed_new.svg/20px-Wikipedia_extended_confirmed_new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Fly.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Wikipedia-logo-v2-en.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-en.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Bouncywikilogo.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Animated_dove_holding_an_olive_branch.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nuvola_apps_email.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_email.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/TWA_badge_1.png/100px-TWA_badge_1.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/TWA_badge_2.png/100px-TWA_badge_2.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/TWA_badge_3.png/100px-TWA_badge_3.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Man_praying_E3188_mp3h8990.jpg/68px-Man_praying_E3188_mp3h8990.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ten_Year_Society_userbox.svg/42px-Ten_Year_Society_userbox.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/40px-Video-x-generic.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/60px-Flag_of_India.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Mystery.png/82px-Mystery.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tetsubin1571.jpg/55px-Tetsubin1571.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/40px-P_culture.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/TheThinker2.jpg/34px-TheThinker2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Birth_of_Venus_detail.jpg/45px-Birth_of_Venus_detail.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kierkegaard.jpg/45px-Kierkegaard.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Soccer_ball.svg/39px-Soccer_ball.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/43px-Wikipedia-logo.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/HumanismSymbol.PNG/40px-HumanismSymbol.PNG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Plato-raphael.jpg/45px-Plato-raphael.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/The_Beatles_members_at_New_York_City_in_1964.jpg/42px-The_Beatles_members_at_New_York_City_in_1964.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Capitalism_graffiti_luebeck.jpg/45px-Capitalism_graffiti_luebeck.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Venus_symbol_%28outline%29.svg/40px-Venus_symbol_%28outline%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Soudha.jpg/45px-Soudha.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Cristo_crucificado.jpg/50px-Cristo_crucificado.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/G%C3%A9ode_V_3_1_duale.gif/38px-G%C3%A9ode_V_3_1_duale.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Green_power.png/50px-Green_power.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Anti-nazi_logo.svg/36px-Anti-nazi_logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/PizzaPortOB.jpg/60px-PizzaPortOB.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/43px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Gmail_icon_%282020%29.svg/40px-Gmail_icon_%282020%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sitar_mogara.jpg/45px-Sitar_mogara.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Playing_acoustic_guitar.jpg/43px-Playing_acoustic_guitar.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crystal_Clear_app_kguitar.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kguitar.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/43px-Open_book_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Nelumno_nucifera_open_flower_-_botanic_garden_adelaide2.jpg/55px-Nelumno_nucifera_open_flower_-_botanic_garden_adelaide2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/HumanismSymbol.PNG/40px-HumanismSymbol.PNG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Lotus-buddha.svg/40px-Lotus-buddha.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Music_film_clapperboard.svg/40px-Music_film_clapperboard.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common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+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Content forks/Internal - Wikipedia,"Discussions be forked to multiple talk pages, noticeboards, or other venues, but centralized in a single place. Opening duplicate discussions wastes editorial time, scatters editorial input, and can even lead to conflicting outcomes. Intentionally forking discussions may be interpreted as or . + It is sometimes useful to relocate a discussion to a more appropriate page; this is usually effectively done by posting a pointer to the new discussion from the old one, though if discussion continues in the original location, it may be appropriate to it, for example with: + +[Forked discussion here] + When a discussion to other talk pages, you can help prevent discussion forking at the locations of these notices by prefacing them with , immediately after the section heading for the notice. It is also helpful to spell out the location of the discussion (e.g., ) rather than to effectively hide it with a piped link (e.g., ). + In most cases, an open discussion is preferably kept at the place where it first began, with split-off discussions closed and retargetted to the oldest open discussion. However, in some of the exceptional cases described below it is also possible, depending on circumstances, that both old and new discussion are kept open concurrently, or that the older discussion is closed rather than the newer one. Examples: + +Some pages are not suitable for discussing behavioral issues (e.g. article talk pages, ); Other pages are not suitable for discussing the content of a particular mainspace article (e.g. user talk pages, ). If an issue inappropriate for the present venue turns up in a discussion that by its nature is otherwise in an appropriate place, the new issue can be split off to an appropriate venue. + If a local fails to emerge (other than perhaps meta-agreement that no clear consensus on the substance can be expected to emerge from the discussion in that place), the discussion may be brought to an appropriate, broader venue. For example, whether to include information from a given source can, if the discussion remains unresolved, be escalated to ; or, if the content regards a living person, to ; etc. + If a new discussion topic is opened in a venue where it doesn't belong (e.g. an issue regarding the biography of a 19th-century person at ), the topic may be closed or to a more appropriate venue. + While splitting up user-talk discussions is most often undesirable and potentially confusing or unconducive to resolution of issues, users have broad leeway to reply on their own talk page or that of a particular editor to issues or questions that are sometimes inappropriately raised elsewhere, and may the other editor(s) to that new thread. ""Take it to user talk"" is a common response to inter-personal conflicts that pop up in article talk pages, for example, where the focus should be on content. Some users may request that a reply to something they have posted at one talk page be taken to their own (or not taken to their own). Some may also prefer to move a discussion mostly about another user or topic from their own talk page or even to a noticeboard; or to the off-topic portion to somewhere else; or to close the original discussion and open a new one at a more appropriate venue. There are no hard-and-fast rules about such matters. In general, if an editor expresses such a preference and it is not a big deal to you, just go along with it. Remember that is to respect, within reason, the wishes of another editor with regard to the management and use of their own talk page. + A bit of advice for closers of discussions: It is best to not leave participants in a discussion guessing where to go next after a discussion has been closed – regardless of the nature of the discussion (other than 'ed trolling and the like). E.g., at and , a closing admin imposing a restriction will usually include where and after how much time an imposed sanction can be appealed. Or, the closer of a that didn't quite come to a consensus will often suggest to give the matter a rest for a few months and then to open a new RM with a narrowed rationale and more data, at the same venue. Or, a close of an RfC, in which two sides both cite a large number of sources but cannot reach agreement on the sources' reliability, might recommend for some source examination by uninvolved parties. + It is constructive to attempt to create a new page or section of -style material that an existing one. This applies to any proposed policy, guideline, supplement, information page, , help/how-to page, or any other material meant to provide serious advice for editors or to establish rules or best practices. Even a proposal that is simply redundant will not be accepted, but merged or deleted, as retaining separate pages covering the same issue would inevitably lead to diverging advice and avoidable conflict between editors. The same concerns apply to modifying an existing page of this sort to conflict with another existing one. In particular, forking topic-specific guidance to conflict with site-wide norms is . (If you're certain a general rule needs a special exception, propose that an exception be listed at that rule, rather than fork your own ersatz ""counter-rule"".) + When is applied to such material – e.g., with one narrow page summarizing the applicable guidance of another, broader one – the original page or section should be linked to from the summarizing one, and it may be appropriate to use a template atop the summarizing section to point to the original prominently. This helps people find the controlling material, and helps editors keep the advice and its language compatible across pages. + If you disagree with the wording or interpretation of any policy material (broadly defined), the appropriate process is to open a discussion on its talk page and seek consensus to change or clarify it. While an attempt to just change the content without prior discussion is , there is a high likelihood that it will be , because changes to these materials . + that serve an purpose are often forked intentionally and permissibly, to provide differing perspectives. + However, a few essays, and other types of pages with the authority level of essays (i.e., below policies and guidelines) are not opinional, and are well-accepted by the community, representing a broad consensus. It is not constructive to do something like draft up your own opposition version that directly contradicts a page like , , , , , or . If you disagree with something in a page like this, it is more productive to propose a change to the current version at its talk page. + Even for opinional essays, to include your new material (even if it is a counterpoint, in a new section for that). Wikipedia already has more essays than anyone will ever read. This is both a maintenance problem and a limitation on how much influence your material could have. You will find a bigger and more attentive audience if your work can practicably be integrated (with ) into an essay that is frequently read than if you create a new page no one knows about or is likely to discover. However, highly personal ruminations are best as stand-alone pages; avoid changing the overall nature and thrust of an existing community or single-author essay. Such materials generally belong in the ; especially contrarian or idiosyncratic essays in namespace are often user-spaced or even removed by . + If you do feel your material should be in a separate page, please ensure that it is categorized appropriately in the subcategories of (if in the ""Wikipedia:"" namespace) or (if in the ""User:"" namespace), has cross-references to it in the ""See also"" sections of other relevant essays (to avoid the problem), and see for some indexes in which to list your essay and a brief description of it. Unless you expect that people will frequently refer to the essay on talk pages, it is not necessary and is even undesirable to create a for it; the available intelligible shortcuts are a finite resource. + . If you run across some, consider , or if they are disused and their principal authors are not active, just yourself. + Process-forking (or procedure-forking) is generally a poor idea. (both as to benefits and costs), so a new process should not be created (especially not an overlapping one) without a community consensus that there's a need for it. Unnecessary process is . No one is going to take it seriously if you create a ""WP:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents/Biochemistry"" as a topical alternative to ; it would be deleted quickly. Many have found that after creating an ""/Assessment"" or ""/Peer review"" process subpage that no one ever uses it; try to create sufficient editorial interest in running a process first, to ensure that it will be practical. Similarly, it is strongly discouraged to create a new wikiproject or taskforce/workgroup without a consensus at that it will be useful and will have sufficient participation. + : Creating a new process page in opposition to an established one will almost certainly be interpreted as , and get sent to (MfD). Wikiprojects are a form, or at least locus, of process. A bogus wikiproject set up as a "" farm"" – to oppose a consensus, lobby for changes to policy, article content for a specific viewpoint, or any other activity and smooth operation, will be deleted at MfD. + Some process forks can have effects – usually a result of with Wikipedia norms, procedures, and maintenance tools, or an improper understanding of how project organization and management work. An example is the creation of new (or modification of existing) classes, which breaks compatibility with various , , and . A related example is the forking of general wikiprojects into increasingly narrow sub-topical ones (especially without a successful ); this simultaneously drains editorial activity from the viable, broader wikiprojects, and sets up too-narrow ""micro-projects"" which become moribund within a year or less due to too few participants. Another type of case is the creation of a wanna-be on a topical basis; it is not within a wikiproject's scope or authority to set up a of a dispute resolution and sanctions venue to enforce its viewpoint on content matters. Yet another example is the creation of a bogus pseudo-process inside a wikiproject to change to suit the preferences of the project participants, and bypass established process; one project trying this caused a tremendous amount of disruption over several years until a and an reversed them. + Remember that – including about how Wikipedia operates – absent a that the community accepts. + Some process forking has been organic, with different – even confusingly dissimilar – procedures evolving over time for rather parallel processes. These have polar tendencies to either slowly normalize towards each other, to become ingrained and ossified. The former is preferable since it reduces the of that Wikipedians are expected to learn and comply with. + Wikipedia has thousands of (what in most other contexts would be called ) that produce reader- and editor-visible, pre-formatted output. Many of these form consistent series that are explicitly intended to produce similar and compatible results. While there is some room for variation (e.g., many and subtly use color associated with the topic, such as a sports team), ""output forking"" the results of one of a set of templates to clash with the rest of them is not constructive. + Just directly forking the code of a template is often ill-advised. New templates that substantially duplicate the behavior of old ones with a minor variation are usually and by (TfD) back into the parent template, either as an undesired variant, or as an output option simply toggled with an additional template parameter. Templates that output something radically different from Wikipedia's normal style or expected needs are usually simply deleted outright. Unnecessary templates have considerable editorial maintenance costs, so TfD is a busy place. See also , especially the sections on it not being a Web host, a social-networking site, a publisher of original ideas, a forum, or a soapbox for promotion. A large number of inappropriate template and output forks are attempts to impose a personal ""design vision"" on something, to add features that don't belong in an encyclopedia, or to visually emphasize something in an way. (If such a template has legitimate uses in the ""User:"" or ""Wikipedia:"" namespaces, it might be retained but re-coded to not produce such output in mainspace articles.) + If has been achieved for a template to format something a particular way (e.g for reasons), or to not include some information deemed inappropriate, it is generally not okay to fork your own copy that does it the way you wish consensus had settled on. + Finally, when two templates are very similar (or an old-style template and a newer are, and the template does not already rely on the module), and they are kept un-merged for a reason, it is not helpful to fork their options – especially what parameters are supported and what their names are – without a very good reason to do so. It makes using our templates much more difficult for everyone when related ones are not in-sync.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking/Internal
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Surnames of Turkish origin - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 41 pages are in this category, out of 41 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Surnames_of_Turkish_origin
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Introductions by time - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Introductions_by_time
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Subfields of metaphysics - Wikipedia,"Subfields of metaphysics + This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Subfields_of_metaphysics
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Philosophy of physics - Wikipedia,"is the study of the fundamental, questions underlying modern , the study of and and how they . Perhaps the main questions concern the nature of and , and , , the interpretation of the results of , the foundations of , , , and the nature of . Classically, several of these questions were studied as part of (for example, those about causality, determinism, and space and time). Today, the philosophy of physics is very close to and the most active subtopic within . + This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 52 pages are in this category, out of 52 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/25px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Philosophy_of_physics
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Seasons - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to , divisions of the year based on changes in , , and the number of hours in a given region. On , seasons are the result of around the and Earth's relative to the plane. + This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Seasons
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Demography - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. + The following 83 pages are in this category, out of 83 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Demography
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Ukraine/Crimea Task Force - Wikipedia,"Some have formed a to better organize information in articles related to . + + + .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Outline_of_Ukraine.svg/200px-Outline_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus_%281918%2C_1991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/74px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Outline_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Outline_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Outline_of_Ukraine.svg/80px-Outline_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Crimean_Tatar_people.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Ukraine/Crimea_Task_Force
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in short stories - Wikipedia,"The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_short_stories
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Redundancy is good - Wikipedia,"When it comes to the behind-the-scenes administration of Wikipedia, . Just as arrays and similar redundant systems exist in the computer field to allow for the possibility of a hardware failure, so should the same principle apply to Wikipedia when it comes to editors. In the Wikipedia system, having multiple editors that perform the same task is useful because it allows for the possibility that one or more editors leave the project, temporarily or otherwise. + Why do we have 859 and 15 ? Just in case some of them are temporarily indisposed. Redundancy allows systems to operate more efficiently by allowing for unforeseen circumstances. Computer hardware is not immune to failure, and neither is Wikipedia. + Logically, we can condense this to the following principle: redundancy should be sought in any situation where there are few negatives to having it. Systems whose value becomes that of the weakest usable component would not qualify as such as situation, just as some computer parallel memory arrays are limited by the speeds of lower-powered chips, or when many chefs attempt to prepare the proverbial broth. Wikipedia editors generally work as independent actors or on an ad hoc group basis, so in general, redundancy is good. + This may discount the reasoning ""we have enough (admins, bureaucrats, mediators...); more are not needed."" It does not necessarily discount the reasoning ""we have plenty of , so we can afford to be selective"", when combined with a reason not to promote. + Redundancy engenders , and aggregation is one of the main principles on which and other collaborative projects such as Wikipedia are based. Aggregation permits to build on the efforts of others by tapping into the wisdom of the rather than the wisdom of the few.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Essay.svg/30px-Essay.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Redundancy_is_good
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Culture of Turkey - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 38 subcategories, out of 38 total. + The following 74 pages are in this category, out of 74 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Turkey
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Beginnings by time - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Beginnings_by_time
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Metaphysics - Wikipedia,"is the branch of that examines the fundamental nature of reality, including the relationship between and , between and , and between . + This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Metaphysics
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Philosophy of science by discipline - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Philosophy_of_science_by_discipline
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Units of time - Wikipedia,"This category identifies units of , either general (in ) or for specific scientific and other uses; and some closely related notions. + This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. + The following 99 pages are in this category, out of 99 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Units_of_time
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Actuarial science - Wikipedia,"Actuarial science is the discipline of assessing risk in insurance, finance, and other industries and professions + This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Actuarial_science
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe - Wikipedia,"The is a project committed to improving, expanding and co-ordinating Wikipedia's coverage of topics related to : the continent, its and their . It concentrates primarily on matters of a pan-European, or cross-border nature; including international organisations (other than the , which has ). The project also manages the . + This page and its subpages as they develop contain suggestions on formatting and layout of articles, which can be discussed at the project's . To participate, simply add your name at the section. + Sign up at the if interested in regularly contributing articles on any country in Europe! + + + The aims of this project are: + We acknowledge and are grateful for the work of the other projects working in this area. This project will also be focusing on those countries which do not actively have an existing WikiProject working with them, specifically Cyprus and Republic of Macedonia. It shall also maintain the . + For example, where a European country is covered by a national project or a regional project (e.g. , , etc.). The project shall also not cover articles involving the , or . It does however support such projects and allows them to share resources such as peer review. Small projects are welcome to become taskforces. + + + + + + + + Thank you for your help! Please move your username back to the active list when you can participate again. + Members of WikiProject Europe should place one of the following lines of on their to add it to . + For other Europe user templates, see . + + is available. See also and . + The following sources are available from subscription databanks for the time periods indicated. The specific material may be in citation, abstract, or full text format. To receive information from these sources, send me an e-mail indicating the e-mail to send the information to, as well as either the specific subject of interest or the title and dates of the source requested, and I will forward what I can find. ( ) 19:03, 13 February 2011 (UTC) + If the priority articles in the top of this page don't interest you, you can always expand one of these stubs. + + - to be placed at the bottom of undeveloped article pages. + + + Your question might already be answered in the , 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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in fiction - Wikipedia,"Wikipedians interested in + This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_fiction
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Too long; didn't read - Wikipedia,"(abbreviated and ) is a shorthand to indicate that a passage is too long to invest the time to digest it. Akin to . + The label is often used to point out excessive verbosity or to signify the presence of and location of a short summary in case the page is too long and won't otherwise be read. It can be misused as a tactic to thwart collaborative editing or a . If a discussion is reasonably concise, it is best practice to . + Many people edit Wikipedia because they enjoy writing; however, that passion can result in overlong . This reflects a lack of time or commitment to refine an effort through successively more concise . With some application, natural redundancies and digressions can often be eliminated. Recall the venerable paraphrase of : ""I made this so long because I did not have time to make it shorter."" + Also writers can incorrectly believe that long sentences and big words make that writer appear learned. Some inexperienced contributors over-avoid by using more words (see / ). Even capable authors recognize the risk of distortion through brevity. + Some policies and procedures can encourage overlong prose due to imposing arbitrary limits. The process requires established articles to have a fivefold expansion of prose within a seven-day window to be considered for listing on the main page. This can encourage over-verbose writing to . + A trusted states that ""brevity is the soul of wit."" Similarly, ""omit needless words."" Editors are encouraged to write concisely and to use plain vocabulary when possible. Remember that English may not be a reader's native tongue. If length is essential, a short summary is advised. + While bloated composition may reflect the emotions of an editor, it should be noted that some people are constitutionally . It is impossible for you, as an editor, to affect either of these before the fact. When editing, always respect Wikipedia policies and editors' feelings. Take the time to distill your thoughts for better communication and rapport. + Internal policy discussions on talk pages can often become long-winded, too, usually for two reasons: because of the detailed nature of (and their often complicated interaction with each other), and because curt and questionable assertions of policy rationales (especially when many are made in series in a single post) may require a fairly detailed response. The cure for this problem is to make a clear, policy-related statement to begin with, and avoid citing more policy and guideline pages than are necessary to get the point across (many say the same thing in slightly different wording). If you cite five such pages in vague terms for the same point, you open the door to about wording and interpretation – you may get five paragraphs of rebuttal in response instead of one sentence of agreement. + Per the , text in Wikipedia should be written succinctly; or, existing texts should be trimmed if it contains . The article should be into another article when appropriate. Be clear before excising copy that it can't be refined and kept. Tagging bloated plot summaries at movie, book, and play pages with the {{ }} template is not as good as winnowing them yourself. + Some linguists (such as in posts at ) criticize 's advice ""omit needless words"" in the fear that unskilled editors may mistake even necessary length for dross and delete it. Strunk and White, however, were unambiguous that does not require ""the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell."" Deleting is not always equivalent to improving, and intelligently differentiating the cases deserves care. + Being too quick to may come across as dismissive and rude. Preferably, create a section on their and politely offer advice there. + Avoid . Substituting a flippant ""tl;dr"" for reasoned response and cordiality and amounts to . Just as one cannot , neither can one prove by wielding a four letter initialism. When illumination, patience, and wisdom are called for, answer with them. + A further option for both readers and writers is to structure the writing so it can be effectively. This means writing the as a summary of the paragraph, so the reader can quickly know which paragraphs or sections are of interest to read for more detail, in addition to the usual practice of putting a summary at the beginning of articles or sections. This works even when the content is concise, or for some uses should be complete, but a reader wishes to skim for speed in a disciplined and more accurate way.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Essay.svg/30px-Essay.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Too_long,_didn%27t_read"
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Culture by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 244 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Culture_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Events by time - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Events_by_time
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Branches of philosophy - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Branches_of_philosophy
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Scientific disciplines - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Scientific_disciplines
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Chronology - Wikipedia,"is the science of locating events in . Methods of determining chronology are used in most disciplines of science, especially , , , and . + This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total. + The following 64 pages are in this category, out of 64 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/28px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chronology
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+en.wikipedia.org,Hamlet - Wikipedia,", often shortened to ( ), is a written by sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play. Set in , the depicts and his attempts to exact revenge against his uncle, , who has murdered in order to seize his throne and marry . is considered among the ""most powerful and influential tragedies in the English language"", with a story capable of ""seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others"". It is widely considered one of the greatest plays of all time. Three different early versions of the play are extant: the (Q1, 1603); the Second (Q2, 1604); and the (F1, 1623). Each version includes lines and passages missing from the others. + Many works have been pointed to as possible sources for Shakespeare's play, from ancient to . The editors of the Arden Shakespeare question the idea of ""source hunting"", pointing out that it presupposes that authors always require ideas from other works for their own, and suggests that no author can have an original idea or be an originator. When Shakespeare wrote, there were many stories about sons avenging the murder of their fathers, and many about clever avenging sons pretending to be foolish in order to outsmart their foes. This would include the story of the ancient Roman, , which Shakespeare apparently knew, as well as the story of , which was preserved in Latin by 13th-century chronicler in his , and printed in Paris in 1514. The Amleth story was subsequently adapted and then published in French in 1570 by the 16th-century scholar . It has a number of plot elements and major characters in common with Shakespeare's , and lacks others that are found in Shakespeare. Belleforest's story was first published in English in 1608, after had been written, though it's possible that Shakespeare had encountered it in the French-language version. + of Denmark is the son of the recently deceased , and nephew of , his father's brother and successor. Claudius hastily married King Hamlet's widow, Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, and took the throne for himself. Denmark has a long-standing feud with neighbouring , in which King Hamlet slew King Fortinbras of Norway in a battle some years ago. Although Denmark defeated Norway and the Norwegian throne fell to King Fortinbras's infirm brother, Denmark fears that an invasion led by the dead Norwegian king's son, Prince , is imminent. + On a cold night on the ramparts of , the Danish royal castle, the Bernardo and Marcellus discuss a resembling the late King Hamlet which they have recently seen, and bring Prince Hamlet's friend as a witness. After the ghost appears again, the three vow to tell Prince Hamlet what they have witnessed. + The court gathers the next day, and King Claudius and Queen Gertrude discuss affairs of state with their elderly adviser . Claudius grants permission for Polonius's son Laertes to return to school in France, and he sends envoys to inform the King of Norway about Fortinbras. Claudius also questions Hamlet regarding his continuing to grieve for his father, and forbids him to return to his university in . After the court exits, Hamlet despairs of his father's death and his mother's hasty remarriage. Learning of the ghost from Horatio, Hamlet resolves to see it himself. + As Polonius's son Laertes prepares to depart for France, Polonius offers him advice that culminates in the maxim ""to thine own self be true."" Polonius's daughter, , admits her interest in Hamlet, but Laertes warns her against seeking the prince's attention, and Polonius orders her to reject his advances. That night on the rampart, the ghost appears to Hamlet, tells the prince that he was by Claudius, and demands that Hamlet avenge the murder. Hamlet agrees, and the ghost vanishes. The prince confides to Horatio and the sentries that from now on he plans to ""put an antic disposition on"", or act as though he has gone mad. Hamlet forces them to swear to keep his plans for revenge secret; however, he remains uncertain of the ghost's reliability. + Ophelia rushes to her father, telling him that Hamlet arrived at her door the prior night half-undressed and behaving erratically. Polonius blames love for Hamlet's madness and resolves to inform Claudius and Gertrude. As he enters to do so, the king and queen are welcoming , two student acquaintances of Hamlet, to Elsinore. The royal couple has requested that the two students investigate the cause of Hamlet's mood and behaviour. Additional news requires that Polonius wait to be heard: messengers from Norway inform Claudius that the king of Norway has rebuked Prince Fortinbras for attempting to re-fight his father's battles. The forces that Fortinbras had conscripted to march against Denmark will instead be sent against , though they will pass through Danish territory to get there. + Polonius tells Claudius and Gertrude his theory regarding Hamlet's behaviour, and then speaks to Hamlet in a hall of the castle to try to learn more. Hamlet feigns madness and subtly insults Polonius all the while. When Rosencrantz and Guildenstern arrive, Hamlet greets his ""friends"" warmly but quickly discerns that they are there to spy on him for Claudius. Hamlet admits that he is upset at his situation but refuses to give the true reason, instead remarking "" "". Rosencrantz and Guildenstern tell Hamlet that they have brought along a troupe of actors that they met while travelling to Elsinore. Hamlet, after welcoming the actors and dismissing his friends-turned-spies, asks them to deliver a soliloquy about the death of and at the climax of the . Hamlet then asks the actors to stage , a play featuring a death in the style of his father's murder. Hamlet intends to study Claudius's reaction to the play, and thereby determine the truth of the ghost's story of Claudius's guilt. + Polonius forces Ophelia to return Hamlet's love letters to the prince while he and Claudius secretly watch in order to evaluate Hamlet's reaction. Hamlet is walking alone in the hall as the King and Polonius await Ophelia's entrance. Hamlet muses on thoughts of . When Ophelia enters and tries to return Hamlet's things, Hamlet accuses her of immodesty and cries ""get thee to a nunnery"", though it is unclear whether this, too, is a show of madness or genuine distress. His reaction convinces Claudius that Hamlet is not mad for love. Shortly thereafter, the court assembles to watch the play Hamlet has commissioned. After seeing the murdered by his rival pouring poison in his ear, Claudius abruptly rises and runs from the room; for Hamlet, this is proof of his uncle's guilt. + Gertrude summons Hamlet to her chamber to demand an explanation. Meanwhile, Claudius talks to himself about the impossibility of repenting, since he still has possession of his ill-gotten goods: his brother's crown and wife. He sinks to his knees. Hamlet, on his way to visit his mother, sneaks up behind him but does not kill him, reasoning that killing Claudius while he is praying will send him straight to heaven while his father's ghost is stuck in purgatory. In the queen's bedchamber, Hamlet and Gertrude fight bitterly. Polonius, spying on the conversation from behind a , calls for help as Gertrude, believing Hamlet wants to kill her, calls out for help herself. + Hamlet, believing it is Claudius, stabs wildly, killing Polonius, but he pulls aside the curtain and sees his mistake. In a rage, Hamlet brutally insults his mother for her apparent ignorance of Claudius's villainy, but the ghost enters and reprimands Hamlet for his inaction and harsh words. Unable to see or hear the ghost herself, Gertrude takes Hamlet's conversation with it as further evidence of madness. After begging the queen to stop sleeping with Claudius, Hamlet leaves, dragging Polonius's corpse away. + Hamlet jokes with Claudius about where he has hidden Polonius's body, and the king, fearing for his life, sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to accompany Hamlet to England with a sealed letter to the English king requesting that Hamlet be executed immediately. + Unhinged by grief at Polonius's death, Ophelia wanders Elsinore. Laertes arrives back from France, enraged by his father's death and his sister's madness. Claudius convinces Laertes that Hamlet is solely responsible, but a letter soon arrives indicating that Hamlet has returned to Denmark, foiling Claudius's plan. Claudius switches tactics, proposing a fencing match between Laertes and Hamlet to settle their differences. Laertes will be given a poison-tipped foil, and, if that fails, Claudius will offer Hamlet poisoned wine as a congratulation. Gertrude interrupts to report that Ophelia has drowned, though it is unclear whether it was suicide or an accident caused by her madness. + Horatio has received a letter from Hamlet, explaining that the prince escaped by negotiating with pirates who attempted to attack his England-bound ship, and the friends reunite offstage. Two discuss Ophelia's apparent suicide while digging her grave. Hamlet arrives with Horatio and banters with one of the gravediggers, who unearths the skull of a from Hamlet's childhood, . Hamlet picks up the skull, saying ""Alas, poor Yorick"" as he contemplates mortality. Ophelia's approaches, led by Laertes. Hamlet and Horatio initially hide, but when Hamlet realizes that Ophelia is the one being buried, he reveals himself, proclaiming his love for her. Laertes and Hamlet fight by Ophelia's graveside, but the brawl is broken up. + Back at Elsinore, Hamlet explains to Horatio that he had discovered Claudius's letter among Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's belongings and replaced it with a forged copy indicating that his former friends should be killed instead. A foppish courtier, , interrupts the conversation to deliver the fencing challenge to Hamlet. Hamlet, despite Horatio's pleas, accepts it. Hamlet does well at first, leading the match by two hits to none, and Gertrude raises a toast to him using the poisoned glass of wine Claudius had set aside for Hamlet. Claudius tries to stop her but is too late: she drinks, and Laertes realizes the plot will be revealed. Laertes slashes Hamlet with his poisoned blade. In the ensuing scuffle, they switch weapons, and Hamlet wounds Laertes with his own poisoned sword. Gertrude collapses and, claiming she has been poisoned, dies. In his dying moments, Laertes reconciles with Hamlet and reveals Claudius's plan. Hamlet rushes at Claudius and kills him. As the poison takes effect, Hamlet, hearing that Fortinbras is marching through the area, names the Norwegian prince as his successor. Horatio, distraught at the thought of being the last survivor and living whilst Hamlet does not, says he will commit suicide by drinking the dregs of Gertrude's poisoned wine, but Hamlet begs him to live on and tell his story. Hamlet dies in Horatio's arms, proclaiming ""the rest is silence"". Fortinbras, who was ostensibly marching towards Poland with his army, arrives at the palace, along with an English ambassador bringing news of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's deaths. Horatio promises to recount the full story of what happened, and Fortinbras, seeing the entire Danish royal family dead, takes the crown for himself and orders a military funeral to honour Hamlet. + -like legends are so widely found (for example in Italy, Spain, Scandinavia, Byzantium, and Arabia) that the core ""hero-as-fool"" theme is possibly in origin. Several ancient written precursors to can be identified. The first is the anonymous Scandinavian . In this, the murdered king has two sons— and —who spend most of the story in disguise, under false names, rather than feigning madness, in a sequence of events that differs from Shakespeare's. The second is the Roman legend of , recorded in two separate Latin works. Its hero, Lucius (""shining, light""), changes his name and persona to Brutus (""dull, stupid""), playing the role of a fool to avoid the fate of his father and brothers, and eventually slaying his family's killer, . A 17th-century Nordic scholar, , compared the Icelandic hero (Amlodi) and the hero Prince Ambales (from the ) to Shakespeare's . Similarities include the prince's feigned madness, his accidental killing of the king's counsellor in his mother's bedroom, and the eventual slaying of his uncle. + Many of the earlier legendary elements are interwoven in the 13th-century ""Life of Amleth"" (Latin: ) by , part of . Written in Latin, it reflects classical Roman concepts of virtue and heroism, and was widely available in Shakespeare's day. Significant parallels include the prince feigning madness, his mother's hasty marriage to the usurper, the prince killing a hidden spy, and the prince substituting the execution of two retainers for his own. A reasonably faithful version of Saxo's story was translated into French in 1570 by , in his . Belleforest embellished Saxo's text substantially, almost doubling its length, and introduced the hero's . + According to one theory, Shakespeare's main source may be an earlier play—now lost—known today as the . Possibly written by or by Shakespeare, the would have existed by 1589, and would have incorporated a ghost. Shakespeare's company, , may have purchased that play and performed a version for some time, which Shakespeare reworked. However, no copy of the has survived, and it is impossible to compare its language and style with the known works of any of its putative authors. In 1936 suggested that, until more becomes known, it may be assumed that Shakespeare wrote the . lists reasons for supporting Shakespeare’s authorship. considers that there are no grounds for thinking that the is an early work by Shakespeare, which he then rewrote. Professor Terri Bourus in 2016, one of three general editors of the New Oxford Shakespeare, in her paper ""Enter Shakespeare's Young Hamlet, 1589"" suggests that Shakespeare was ""interested in sixteenth-century French literature, from the very beginning of his career"" and therefore ""did not need Thomas Kyd to pre-digest Belleforest's histoire of Amleth and spoon-feed it to him"". She considers that the hypothesized is Shakespeare's Q1 text, and that this derived directly from Belleforest's French version. + The precise combination of Shakespeare's use of the , Belleforest, Saxo, or Kyd's as sources for is not known. However, elements of Belleforest's version which are not in Saxo's story do appear in Shakespeare's play. + Most scholars reject the idea that is in any way connected with Shakespeare's only son, , who died in 1596 at age eleven. Conventional wisdom holds that is too obviously connected to legend, and the name Hamnet was quite popular at the time. However, has argued that the of the names and Shakespeare's grief for the loss of his son may lie at the heart of the tragedy. He notes that the name of Hamnet Sadler, the Stratford neighbour after whom Hamnet was named, was often written as Hamlet Sadler and that, in the loose orthography of the time, the names were virtually interchangeable. + Scholars have often speculated that s might have been inspired by (Lord Burghley)—Lord High Treasurer and chief counsellor to Queen . suggested Polonius's advice to Laertes may have echoed Burghley's to his son . thought it almost certain that the figure of Polonius caricatured Burghley. speculated that Polonius's tedious verbosity might have resembled Burghley's. Lilian Winstanley thought the name Corambis (in the First Quarto) did suggest Cecil and Burghley. considers the idea of Polonius as a caricature of Burghley to be conjecture, perhaps based on the similar role they each played at court, and perhaps also based on the similarity between Burghley addressing his to his son, and Polonius offering ""precepts"" to his son, Laertes. Jenkins suggests that any personal satire may be found in the name ""Polonius"", which might point to a Polish or Polonian connection. G. R. Hibbard hypothesised that differences in names (Corambis/Polonius:Montano/Raynoldo) between the First Quarto and other editions might reflect a desire not to offend scholars at . ( , was the founder of Oxford University, and , was the President of .) + ""Any dating of must be tentative"", states the editor, . MacCary suggests 1599 or 1600; James Shapiro offers late 1600 or early 1601; and suggest that the play was written in 1600 and revised later; the New Cambridge editor settles on mid-1601; the New Swan Shakespeare Advanced Series editor agrees with 1601; Thompson and Taylor, tentatively (""according to whether one is the more persuaded by Jenkins or by Honigmann"") suggest a of either Spring 1601 or sometime in 1600. + The relies on s frequent allusions to Shakespeare's , itself dated to mid-1599. The is based on an entry, of 26 July 1602, in the of the , indicating that was ""latelie Acted by the "". + In 1598, published his , a survey of English literature from Chaucer to its present day, within which twelve of Shakespeare's plays are named. is not among them, suggesting that it had not yet been written. As was very popular, Bernard Lott, the series editor of , believes it ""unlikely that he [Meres] would have overlooked ... so significant a piece"". + The phrase ""little eyases"" in the (F1) may allude to the , whose popularity in London forced the Globe company into provincial touring. This became known as the , and supports a 1601 dating. accepts a 1600–01 attribution for the date was written, but notes that the , playing in the 3000-capacity , were unlikely to be put to any disadvantage by an audience of ""barely one hundred"" for the Children of the Chapel's equivalent play, ; she believes that Shakespeare, confident in the superiority of his own work, was making a playful and charitable allusion to his friend very similar piece. + A contemporary of Shakespeare's, , wrote a marginal note in his copy of the 1598 edition of works, which some scholars use as dating evidence. Harvey's note says that ""the wiser sort"" enjoy , and implies that —executed in February 1601 for rebellion—was still alive. Other scholars consider this inconclusive. Edwards, for example, concludes that the ""sense of time is so confused in Harvey's note that it is really of little use in trying to date "". This is because the same note also refers to and as if they were still alive (""our flourishing ""), but also mentions "" new epigrams"", published in 1607. + Three early editions of the text, each different, have survived, making attempts to establish a single ""authentic"" text problematic. + This list does not include three additional early texts, 's Q3, Q4, and Q5 (1611–37), which are regarded as reprints of Q2 with some alterations. + Early , beginning with (1709) and (1733), combined material from the two earliest sources of available at the time, Q2 and F1. Each text contains material that the other lacks, with many minor differences in wording: scarcely 200 lines are identical in the two. Editors have combined them in an effort to create one ""inclusive"" text that reflects an imagined ""ideal"" of Shakespeare's original. Theobald's version became standard for a long time, and his ""full text"" approach continues to influence editorial practice to the present day. Some contemporary scholarship, however, discounts this approach, instead considering ""an authentic an unrealisable ideal. ... there are of this play but no "". The 2006 publication by Arden Shakespeare of different texts in different volumes is perhaps evidence of this shifting focus and emphasis. Other editors have continued to argue the need for well-edited editions taking material from all versions of the play. Colin Burrow has argued that ""most of us should read a text that is made up by conflating all three versions ... it's about as likely that Shakespeare wrote: ""To be or not to be, ay, there's the point"" [in Q1], as that he wrote the works of . I suspect most people just won't want to read a three-text play ... [multi-text editions are] a version of the play that is out of touch with the needs of a wider public."" + Traditionally, editors of Shakespeare's plays have divided them into five acts. None of the early texts of , however, were arranged this way, and the play's division into acts and scenes derives from a 1676 quarto. Modern editors generally follow this traditional division but consider it unsatisfactory; for example, after Hamlet drags Polonius's body out of Gertrude's bedchamber, there is an act-break after which the action appears to continue uninterrupted. + Q1 was discovered in 1823. Only two copies are extant. According to Jenkins, ""The unauthorized nature of this quarto is matched by the corruption of its text."" Yet Q1 has value: it contains stage directions (such as Ophelia entering with a lute and her hair down) that reveal actual stage practices in a way that Q2 and F1 do not; it contains an entire scene (usually labelled 4.6) that does not appear in either Q2 or F1; and it is useful for comparison with the later editions. The major deficiency of Q1 is in the language: particularly noticeable in the opening lines of the famous "" "" soliloquy: ""To be, or not to be, aye there's the point. / To die, to sleep, is that all? Aye all: / No, to sleep, to dream, aye marry there it goes."" However, the scene order is more coherent, without the problems of Q2 and F1 of Hamlet seeming to resolve something in one scene and enter the next drowning in indecision. New Cambridge editor Kathleen Irace has noted that ""Q1's more linear plot design is certainly easier [...] to follow [...] but the simplicity of the Q1 plot arrangement eliminates the alternating plot elements that correspond to Hamlet's shifts in mood."" + Q1 is considerably shorter than Q2 or F1 and may be a of the play as Shakespeare's company performed it, by an actor who played a minor role (most likely Marcellus). Scholars disagree whether the reconstruction was pirated or authorised. It is suggested by Irace that Q1 is an abridged version intended especially for travelling productions, thus the question of length may be considered as separate from issues of poor textual quality. Editing Q1 thus poses problems in whether or not to ""correct"" differences from Q2 and F. Irace, in her introduction to Q1, wrote that ""I have avoided as many other alterations as possible, because the differences...are especially intriguing...I have recorded a selection of Q2/F readings in the collation."" The idea that Q1 is not riddled with error but is instead eminently fit for the stage has led to at least 28 different Q1 productions since 1881. Other productions have used the probably superior Q2 and Folio texts, but used Q1's running order, in particular moving the soliloquy earlier. Developing this, some editors such as have argued that Q2 may represent ""a 'reading' text as opposed to a 'performance' one"" of , analogous to how modern films released on disc may include deleted scenes: an edition containing all of Shakespeare's material for the play for the pleasure of readers, so not representing the play as it would have been staged. + From the early 17th century, the play was famous for its ghost and vivid dramatisation of and , leading to a procession of mad courtiers and ladies in and drama. Though it remained popular with mass audiences, late 17th-century critics saw as primitive and disapproved of its lack of and . This view changed drastically in the 18th century, when critics regarded Hamlet as a hero—a pure, brilliant young man thrust into unfortunate circumstances. + By the mid-18th century, however, the advent of brought and readings, returning madness and the ghost to the forefront. Not until the late 18th century did critics and performers begin to view Hamlet as confusing and inconsistent. Before then, he was either mad, or not; either a hero, or not; with no in-betweens. These developments represented a fundamental change in literary criticism, which came to focus more on character and less on plot. In the 18th century, one negative French review of Hamlet would be widely discussed for centuries, in particular in publications throughout the 19th and 20th century. In 1768, wrote a negative review of , stating that ""it is vulgar and barbarous drama, which would not be tolerated by the vilest populace of France or Italy... one would imagine this piece to be a work of a drunken savage"". + By the 19th century, critics valued for its internal, individual conflict reflecting the strong contemporary emphasis on internal struggles and inner character in general. Then too, critics started to focus on Hamlet's delay as a character trait, rather than a plot device. This focus on character and internal struggle continued into the 20th century, when criticism branched in several directions, discussed in below. + Modern editors have divided the play into five acts, and each act into scenes. The First Folio marks the first two acts only. The quartos do not have such divisions. The division into five acts follows , who in his plays, regularized the way ancient Greek tragedies contain five episodes, which are separated by four choral odes. In the development of the plot or the action are determined by the unfolding of Hamlet's character. The soliloquies do not interrupt the plot, instead they are highlights of each block of action. The plot is the developing revelation of Hamlet's view of what is ""rotten in the state of Denmark."" The action of the play is driven forward in dialogue; but in the soliloquies time and action stop, the meaning of action is questioned, fog of illusion is broached, and truths are exposed. + The contrast between appearance and reality is a significant theme. Hamlet is presented with an image, and then interprets its deeper or darker meaning. Examples begin with Hamlet questioning the reality of the ghost. It continues with Hamlet's taking on an ""antic disposition"" in order to appear mad, though he is not. The contrast (appearance and reality) is also expressed in several ""spying scenes"": Act two begins with Polonius sending Reynaldo to spy on his son, Laertes. Claudius and Polonius spy on Ophelia as she meets with Hamlet. In act two, Claudius asks Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on Hamlet. Similarly, the play-within-a-play is used by Hamlet to reveal his step-father's hidden nature. + There is no subplot, but the play presents the affairs of the courtier Polonius, his daughter, Ophelia, and his son, Laertes—who variously deal with madness, love and the death of a father in ways that contrast with Hamlet's. The graveyard scene eases tension prior to the catastrophe, and, as Hamlet holds the skull, it is shown that Hamlet no longer fears damnation in the afterlife, and accepts that there is a ""divinity that shapes our ends"". + Hamlet's enquiring mind has been open to all kinds of ideas, but in act five he has decided on a plan, and in a dialogue with Horatio he seems to answer his two earlier soliloquies on suicide: ""We defy augury. There is special providence in the fall of a sparrow. If it be now, 'tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all. Since no man, of aught he leaves, knows aught, what is't to leave betimes."" + The First Quarto (1603) text of contains 15,983 words, the Second Quarto (1604) contains 28,628 words, and the First Folio (1623) contains 27,602 words. Counting the number of lines varies between editions, partly because prose sections in the play may be formatted with varied lengths. Editions of that are created by conflating the texts of the Second Quarto and the Folio are said to have approximately 3,900 lines; the number of lines varies between those editions based on formatting the prose sections, counting methods, and how the editors have joined the texts together. is by far the longest play that Shakespeare wrote, and one of the longest plays in the . It might require more than four hours to stage; a typical Elizabethan play would need two to three hours. It is speculated that the because of the considerable length of Q2 and F1, there was an expectation that those texts would be abridged for performance, or that Q2 and F1 may have been aimed at a reading audience. + That Q1 is so much shorter than Q2 has spurred speculation that Q1 is an early draft, or perhaps an adaptation, a bootleg copy, or a stage adaptation. On the title page of Q2, its text is described as ""newly imprinted and enlarged to almost as much again as it was."" That is probably a comparison to Q1. + Much of s language is courtly: elaborate, witty discourse, as recommended by 's 1528 etiquette guide, . This work specifically advises royal retainers to amuse their masters with inventive language. Osric and Polonius, especially, seem to respect this injunction. Claudius's speech is rich with rhetorical figures—as is Hamlet's and, at times, Ophelia's—while the language of Horatio, the guards, and the gravediggers is simpler. Claudius's high status is reinforced by using the (""we"" or ""us""), and mixed with to resonate with Greek political speeches. + Of all the characters, Hamlet has the greatest rhetorical skill. He uses highly developed metaphors, , and in nine memorable words deploys both anaphora and : ""to die: to sleep— / To sleep, perchance to dream"". In contrast, when occasion demands, he is precise and straightforward, as when he explains his inward emotion to his mother: ""But I have that within which passes show, / These but the trappings and the suits of woe"". At times, he relies heavily on to express his true thoughts while simultaneously concealing them. Pauline Kiernan argues that Shakespeare changed English drama forever in because he ""showed how a character's language can often be saying several things at once, and contradictory meanings at that, to reflect fragmented thoughts and disturbed feelings"". She gives the example of Hamlet's advice to Ophelia, ""get thee to a nunnery"", which, she claims, is simultaneously a reference to a place of chastity and a slang term for a brothel, reflecting Hamlet's confused feelings about female sexuality. However Harold Jenkins does not agree, having studied the few examples that are used to support that idea, and finds that there is no support for the assumption that ""nunnery"" was used that way in slang, or that Hamlet intended such a meaning. The context of the scene suggests that a nunnery would not be a brothel, but instead a place of renunciation and a ""sanctuary from marriage and from the world’s contamination"". Thompson and Taylor consider the brothel idea incorrect considering that ""Hamlet is trying to deter Ophelia from "". + Hamlet’s first words in the play are a pun; when Claudius addresses him as ""my cousin Hamlet, and my son"", Hamlet says as an aside: ""A little more than kin, and less than kind."" + An unusual rhetorical device, , appears in several places in the play. Examples are found in Ophelia's speech at the end of the nunnery scene: ""Th' of the fair state"" and ""And I, of ladies most "". Many scholars have found it odd that Shakespeare would, seemingly arbitrarily, use this rhetorical form throughout the play. One explanation may be that was written later in Shakespeare's life, when he was adept at matching rhetorical devices to characters and the plot. Linguist George T. Wright suggests that hendiadys had been used deliberately to heighten the play's sense of duality and dislocation. + Hamlet's have also captured the attention of scholars. Hamlet interrupts himself, vocalising either disgust or agreement with himself and embellishing his own words. He has difficulty expressing himself directly and instead blunts the thrust of his thought with wordplay. It is not until late in the play, after his experience with the pirates, that Hamlet is able to articulate his feelings freely. + Written at a time of religious upheaval and in the wake of the , the play is alternately (or piously medieval) and (or consciously modern). The ghost describes himself as being in and as dying without . This and Ophelia's burial ceremony, which is characteristically Catholic, make up most of the play's Catholic connections. Some scholars have observed that come from Catholic countries such as Italy and Spain, where the revenge tragedies present contradictions of motives, since according to Catholic doctrine the duty to God and family precedes civil justice. Hamlet's conundrum then is whether to avenge his father and kill Claudius or to leave the vengeance to God, as his religion requires. + Much of the play's Protestant tones derive from its setting in Denmark—both then and now a predominantly Protestant country, though it is unclear whether the fictional Denmark of the play is intended to portray this implicit fact. Dialogue refers explicitly to the German city of where Hamlet, Horatio, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern attend university, implying where the Protestant nailed the to the church door in 1517. + Hamlet is often perceived as a philosophical character, expounding ideas that are now described as , , and . For example, he expresses a subjectivistic idea when he says to Rosencrantz: ""there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so"". The idea that nothing is real except in the mind of the individual finds its roots in the Greek , who argued that since nothing can be perceived except through the senses—and since all individuals sense, and therefore perceive things differently—there is no absolute truth, but rather only relative truth. The clearest alleged instance of existentialism is in the "" "" speech, where Hamlet is thought by some to use ""being"" to allude to life and action, and ""not being"" to death and inaction. + reflects the contemporary promoted by the French . Prior to Montaigne's time, humanists such as had argued that man was God's greatest creation, made in God's image and able to choose his own nature, but this view was subsequently challenged in Montaigne's of 1580. Hamlet's "" "" seems to echo many of Montaigne's ideas, and many scholars have discussed whether Shakespeare drew directly from Montaigne or whether both men were simply reacting similarly to the spirit of the times. + ’s thoughts regarding were first published in his book (1899), as a footnote to a discussion of ’ tragedy, all of which is part of his consideration of the causes of neurosis. Freud does not offer over-all interpretations of the plays, but uses the two tragedies to illustrate and corroborate his psychological theories, which are based on his treatments of his patients and on his studies. Productions of have used Freud's ideas to support their own interpretations. In , Freud says that according to his experience ""parents play a leading part in the infantile psychology of all persons who subsequently become psychoneurotics,"" and that ""falling in love with one parent and hating the other"" is a common impulse in early childhood, and is important source material of ""subsequent neurosis"". He says that ""in their amorous or hostile attitude toward their parents"" neurotics reveal something that occurs with less intensity ""in the minds of the majority of children"". Freud considered that Sophocles’ tragedy, , with its story that involves crimes of parricide and incest, ""has furnished us with legendary matter which corroborates"" these ideas, and that the ""profound and universal validity of the old legends"" is understandable only by recognizing the validity of these theories of ""infantile psychology"". + Freud explores the reason "" is capable of moving a modern reader or playgoer no less powerfully than it moved the contemporary Greeks"". He suggests that ""It may be that we were all destined to direct our first sexual impulses toward our mothers, and our first impulses of hatred and violence toward our fathers."" Freud suggests that we ""recoil from the person for whom this primitive wish of our childhood has been fulfilled with all the force of the repression which these wishes have undergone in our minds since childhood."" + These ideas, which became a cornerstone of Freud's psychological theories, he named the "" "", and, at one point, he considered calling it the ""Hamlet complex"". Freud considered that ""is rooted in the same soil as ."" But the difference in the ""psychic life"" of the two civilizations that produced each play, and the progress made over time of ""repression in the emotional life of humanity"" can be seen in the way the same material is handled by the two playwrights: In incest and murder are brought into the light as might occur in a dream, but in these impulses ""remain repressed"" and we learn of their existence through Hamlet's inhibitions to act out the revenge, while he is shown to be capable of acting decisively and boldly in other contexts. Freud asserts, ""The play is based on Hamlet’s hesitation in accomplishing the task of revenge assigned to him; the text does not give the cause or the motive of this."" The conflict is ""deeply hidden"". + Hamlet is able to perform any kind of action except taking revenge on the man who murdered his father and has taken his father's place with his mother—Claudius has led Hamlet to realize the repressed desires of his own childhood. The loathing which was supposed to drive him to revenge is replaced by ""self-reproach, by conscientious scruples"" which tell him ""he himself is no better than the murderer whom he is required to punish"". Freud suggests that Hamlet's sexual aversion expressed in his ""nunnery"" conversation with Ophelia supports the idea that Hamlet is ""an hysterical subject"". + Freud suggests that the character Hamlet goes through an experience that has three characteristics, which he numbered: 1) ""the hero is not psychopathic, but becomes so"" during the course of the play. 2) ""the repressed desire is one of those that are similarly repressed in all of us."" It is a repression that ""belongs to an early stage of our individual development"". The audience identifies with the character of Hamlet, because ""we are victims of the same conflict."" 3) It is the nature of theatre that ""the struggle of the repressed impulse to become conscious"" occurs in both the hero onstage and the spectator, when they are in the grip of their emotions, ""in the manner seen in psychoanalytic treatment"". + Freud points out that is an exception in that psychopathic characters are usually ineffective in stage plays; they ""become as useless for the stage as they are for life itself"", because they do not inspire insight or empathy, unless the audience is familiar with the character's inner conflict. Freud says, ""It is thus the task of the dramatist to transport us into the same illness."" + 's long-running 1922 performance in , directed by Thomas Hopkins, ""broke new ground in its Freudian approach to character"", in keeping with the post-World War I rebellion against everything Victorian. He had a ""blunter intention"" than presenting the genteel, sweet prince of 19th-century tradition, imbuing his character with virility and lust. + Beginning in 1910, with the publication of ""The Œdipus-Complex as an Explanation of Hamlet's Mystery: A Study in Motive"" —a psychoanalyst and Freud's biographer—developed Freud's ideas into a series of essays that culminated in his book (1949). Influenced by Jones's psychoanalytic approach, several productions have portrayed the ""closet scene"", where Hamlet confronts his mother in her private quarters, in a sexual light. In this reading, Hamlet is disgusted by his mother's ""incestuous"" relationship with Claudius while simultaneously fearful of killing him, as this would clear Hamlet's path to his mother's bed. Ophelia's madness after her father's death may also be read through the Freudian lens: as a reaction to the death of her hoped-for lover, her father. Ophelia is overwhelmed by having her unfulfilled love for him so abruptly terminated and drifts into the oblivion of insanity. In 1937, directed in a Jones-inspired at . Olivier later used some of these same ideas in his 1948 film version of the play. + In the volume on Hamlet, editors Bloom and Foster express a conviction that the intentions of Shakespeare in portraying the character of Hamlet in the play exceeded the capacity of the Freudian Oedipus complex to completely encompass the extent of characteristics depicted in Hamlet throughout the tragedy: ""For once, Freud regressed in attempting to fasten the Oedipus Complex upon Hamlet: it will not stick, and merely showed that Freud did better than T.S. Eliot, who preferred to , or so he said. Who can believe Eliot, when he exposes his own Hamlet Complex by declaring the play to be an aesthetic failure?"" The book also notes James Joyce's interpretation, stating that he ""did far better in the Library Scene of , where Stephen marvellously credits Shakespeare, in this play, with universal fatherhood while accurately implying that Hamlet is fatherless, thus opening a pragmatic gap between Shakespeare and Hamlet."" + Joshua Rothman has written in that ""we tell the story wrong when we say that Freud used the idea of the Oedipus complex to understand "". Rothman suggests that ""it was the other way around: helped Freud understand, and perhaps even invent, psychoanalysis"". He concludes, ""The Oedipus complex is a misnomer. It should be called the 'Hamlet complex'."" + In the 1950s, the French psychoanalyst analyzed to illustrate some of his concepts. His theories about were first presented in a series of given in Paris and later published in ""Desire and the Interpretation of Desire in "". Lacan postulated that the human is determined by structures of language and that the linguistic structures of shed light on human desire. His point of departure is Freud's Oedipal theories, and the central theme of mourning that runs through . In Lacan's analysis, Hamlet unconsciously assumes the role of —the cause of his inaction—and is increasingly distanced from reality ""by mourning, , and "", which create holes (or ) in the real, imaginary, and symbolic aspects of his psyche. Lacan's theories influenced some subsequent literary criticism of because of his alternative vision of the play and his use of to explore the play's psychological landscape. + In the 20th century, opened up new approaches to Gertrude and Ophelia. and critics examined the play in its historical context, attempting to piece together its original cultural environment. They focused on the of England, pointing to the common trinity of , with outside of that stereotype. In this analysis, the essence of is the central character's changed perception of his mother as a whore because of her failure to remain faithful to Old Hamlet. In consequence, Hamlet loses his faith in all women, treating Ophelia as if she too were a whore and dishonest with Hamlet. Ophelia, by some critics, can be seen as honest and fair; however, it is virtually impossible to link these two traits, since 'fairness' is an outward trait, while 'honesty' is an inward trait. + 's 1957 essay ""The Character of Hamlet's Mother"" defends Gertrude, arguing that the text never hints that Gertrude knew of Claudius poisoning King Hamlet. This analysis has been praised by many feminist critics, combating what is, by Heilbrun's argument, centuries' worth of misinterpretation. By this account, Gertrude's worst crime is of pragmatically marrying her brother-in-law in order to avoid a power vacuum. This is borne out by the fact that King Hamlet's ghost tells Hamlet to leave Gertrude out of Hamlet's revenge, to leave her to heaven, an arbitrary mercy to grant to a conspirator to murder. + Ophelia has also been defended by feminist critics, most notably . Ophelia is surrounded by powerful men: her father, brother, and Hamlet. All three disappear: Laertes leaves, Hamlet abandons her, and Polonius dies. Conventional theories had argued that without these three powerful men making decisions for her, Ophelia is driven into madness. Feminist theorists argue that she goes mad with guilt because, when Hamlet kills her father, he has fulfilled her sexual desire to have Hamlet kill her father so they can be together. Showalter points out that Ophelia has become the symbol of the distraught and hysterical woman in modern culture. + is one of the works in the English language, and is often included on lists of the world's greatest literature. As such, it reverberates through the writing of later centuries. Academic Laurie Osborne identifies the direct influence of in numerous modern narratives, and divides them into four main categories: fictional accounts of the play's composition, simplifications of the story for young readers, stories expanding the role of one or more characters, and narratives featuring performances of the play. + English poet was an early admirer of Shakespeare and took evident inspiration from his work. As John Kerrigan discusses, Milton originally considered writing his epic poem (1667) as a tragedy. While Milton did not ultimately go that route, the poem still shows distinct echoes of Shakespearean revenge tragedy, and of in particular. As scholar Christopher N. Warren argues, s Satan ""undergoes a transformation in the poem from a Hamlet-like avenger into a Claudius-like usurper,"" a plot device that supports Milton's larger internationalist project. The poem also reworks theatrical language from , especially around the idea of ""putting on"" certain dispositions, as when Hamlet puts on ""an antic disposition,"" similarly to the Son in who ""can put on / [God's] terrors."" + 's , published about 1749, describes a visit to by Tom Jones and Mr Partridge, with similarities to the ""play within a play"". In contrast, , written between 1776 and 1796, not only has a production of at its core but also creates parallels between the ghost and Wilhelm Meister's dead father. In the early 1850s, in , focuses on a Hamlet-like character's long development as a writer. Ten years later, contains many -like plot elements: it is driven by revenge-motivated actions, contains ghost-like characters (Abel Magwitch and ), and focuses on the hero's guilt. Academic Alexander Welsh notes that is an ""autobiographical novel"" and ""anticipates psychoanalytic readings of itself"". About the same time, 's was published, introducing Maggie Tulliver ""who is explicitly compared with Hamlet"" though ""with a reputation for sanity"". + 's first published short story was ""They Played a New Hamlet"" (1895). When Baum had been touring in the title role, the actor playing the ghost fell through the floorboards, and the rural audience thought it was part of the show and demanded that the actor repeat the fall, because they thought it was funny. Baum would later recount the actual story in an article, but the short story is told from the point of view of the actor playing the ghost. + In the 1920s, managed ""a more upbeat version"" of —stripped of obsession and revenge—in , though its main parallels are with 's . In the 1990s, two novelists were explicitly influenced by . In 's , is reworked as a song and dance routine, and 's has Oedipal themes and murder intertwined with a love affair between a -obsessed writer, Bradley Pearson, and the daughter of his rival. In the late 20th century, 's novel draws heavily from and takes its title from the play's text; Wallace incorporates references to the gravedigger scene, the marriage of the main character's mother to his uncle, and the re-appearance of the main character's father as a ghost. + There is the story of the woman who read for the first time and said, ""I don't see why people admire that play so. It is nothing but a bunch of quotations strung together."" + — , , p. vii, Avenal Books, 1970 + The day we see die in the theatre, something of him dies for us. He is dethroned by the spectre of an actor, and we shall never be able to keep the usurper out of our dreams. + Shakespeare almost certainly wrote the role of Hamlet for . He was the chief tragedian of the , with a capacious memory for lines and a wide emotional range. Judging by the number of reprints, appears to have been Shakespeare's fourth most popular play during his lifetime—only , and eclipsed it. Shakespeare provides no clear indication of when his play is set; however, as Elizabethan actors performed at the in contemporary dress on minimal sets, this would not have affected the staging. + Firm evidence for specific early performances of the play is scant. It is sometimes argued that the crew of the ship , anchored off , performed in September 1607; however, this claim is based on a 19th century insert of a 'lost' passage into a period document, and is today widely regarded as a hoax, likely to have been perpetrated by (not to mention the intrinsic unlikelihood of sailors memorising and performing the play). More credible is that the play toured in Germany within five years of Shakespeare's death, and that it was performed before in 1619 and in 1637. Oxford editor George Hibbard argues that, since the contemporary literature contains many allusions and references to (only is mentioned more, from Shakespeare), the play was surely performed with a frequency that the historical record misses. + All theatres were closed down by the government during the . Even during this time, however, playlets known as were often performed illegally, including one called based on act 5, scene 1 of . + The play was revived early in the . When the existing stock of pre- plays was divided between the two newly created , was the only Shakespearean favourite that secured. It became the first of Shakespeare's plays to be presented with movable painted with generic scenery behind the of . This new stage convention highlighted the frequency with which Shakespeare shifts dramatic location, encouraging the recurrent criticism of his failure to maintain . In the title role, Davenant cast , who continued to play the Dane until he was 74. at produced a version that adapted Shakespeare heavily; he declared: ""I had sworn I would not leave the stage till I had rescued that noble play from all the rubbish of the fifth act. I have brought it forth without the grave-digger's trick, Osrick, & the fencing match"". The first actor known to have played Hamlet in North America is Lewis Hallam Jr., in the 's production in Philadelphia in 1759. + made his Drury Lane debut as Hamlet in 1783. His performance was said to be 20 minutes longer than anyone else's, and his lengthy pauses provoked the suggestion by that ""music should be played between the words"". was the first actress known to play Hamlet; many women have since played him as a , to great acclaim. In 1748, wrote a Russian adaptation that focused on Prince Hamlet as the embodiment of an opposition to Claudius's tyranny—a treatment that would recur in Eastern European versions into the 20th century. In the years following America's independence, , the young nation's leading tragedian, performed among other plays at the Chestnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia, and at the in New York. Although chided for ""acknowledging acquaintances in the audience"" and ""inadequate memorisation of his lines"", he became a national celebrity. + From around 1810 to 1840, the best-known Shakespearean performances in the United States were tours by leading London actors—including , , , , and . Of these, Booth remained to make his career in the States, fathering the nation's most notorious actor, (who later assassinated ), and its most famous Hamlet, . Edwin Booth's at the in 1875 was described as ""... the dark, sad, dreamy, mysterious hero of a poem. [... acted] in an ideal manner, as far removed as possible from the plane of actual life"". Booth played Hamlet for 100 nights in the 1864/5 season at the , inaugurating the era of long-run Shakespeare in America. + In the United Kingdom, the actor-managers of the (including Kean, , Macready, and ) staged Shakespeare in a grand manner, with elaborate scenery and costumes. The tendency of actor-managers to emphasise the importance of their own central character did not always meet with the critics' approval. 's praise for 's performance contains a sideswipe at Irving: ""The story of the play was perfectly intelligible, and quite took the attention of the audience off the principal actor at moments. What is the coming to?"" + In London, Edmund Kean was the first Hamlet to abandon the regal finery usually associated with the role in favour of a plain costume, and he is said to have surprised his audience by playing Hamlet as serious and introspective. In stark contrast to earlier opulence, 's 1881 production of the Q1 text was an early attempt at reconstructing the Elizabethan theatre's austerity; his only backdrop was a set of red curtains. played the prince in her popular 1899 London production. In contrast to the ""effeminate"" view of the central character that usually accompanied a female casting, she described her character as ""manly and resolute, but nonetheless thoughtful ... [he] thinks before he acts, a trait indicative of great strength and great spiritual power"". + In France, Charles Kemble initiated an enthusiasm for Shakespeare; and leading members of the Romantic movement such as and saw his 1827 Paris performance of , particularly admiring the madness of 's Ophelia. In Germany, had become so assimilated by the mid-19th century that declared that ""Germany is Hamlet"". From the 1850s, the tradition in India transformed into folk performances, with dozens of songs added. + Apart from some western troupes' 19th-century visits, the first professional performance of Hamlet in Japan was 's 1903 (""new school theatre"") adaptation. translated and produced a performance in 1911 that blended (""new drama"") and styles. This hybrid-genre reached its peak in 's 1955 . In 1998, produced an acclaimed version of in the style of theatre, which he took to London. + and —two of the 20th century's most influential —collaborated on the 's seminal . While Craig favoured stylised abstraction, Stanislavski, armed with his explored psychological motivation. Craig conceived of the play as a , offering a dream-like vision as seen through Hamlet's eyes alone. This was most evident in the staging of the first court scene. The most famous aspect of the production is Craig's use of large, abstract screens that altered the size and shape of the acting area for each scene, representing the character's state of mind spatially or visualising a progression. The production attracted enthusiastic and unprecedented worldwide attention for the theatre and placed it ""on the cultural map for Western Europe"". + The first modern dress stagings of happened in 1925 in London and then New York. Barry Jackson's opened their production, directed by H.K. Ayliff at the Kingsway Theatre on August 25, 1925. Ivor Brown reported, ""Many of the first night audience came to scoff and remained to hold its breath, to marvel and enjoy. . . .Shakespeare's victory over time and tailoring was swift and sweeping."" Horace Brisbin Liveright's modern dress production opened at the Booth Theater in New York on November 9, 1925, the same night that the London production moved to Birmingham. It was known ""more dryly, and perhaps with a touch of something more sinister, as 'the plain-clothes '"" and did not reach the same level of success. + is often played with contemporary political overtones. 's 1926 production at the Berlin Staatstheater portrayed Claudius's court as a parody of the corrupt and fawning court of . In , the number of productions of has tended to increase at times of political unrest, since its political themes (suspected crimes, coups, surveillance) can be used to comment on a contemporary situation. Similarly, directors have used the play at times of occupation: a 1941 production ""emphasised, with due caution, the helpless situation of an intellectual attempting to endure in a ruthless environment"". In China, performances of Hamlet often have political significance: Gu Wuwei's 1916 , an amalgam of and , was an attack on 's attempt to overthrow the republic. In 1942, directed the play in a temple in , to which the government had retreated from the advancing Japanese. In the immediate aftermath of the collapse of the at , Lin Zhaohua staged a 1990 in which the prince was an ordinary individual tortured by a loss of meaning. In this production, the actors playing Hamlet, Claudius and Polonius exchanged roles at crucial moments in the performance, including the moment of Claudius's death, at which point the actor mainly associated with Hamlet fell to the ground. + Notable stagings in London and New York include Barrymore's 1925 production at the ; it influenced subsequent performances by and . Gielgud played the central role many times: his 1936 New York production ran for 132 performances, leading to the accolade that he was ""the finest interpreter of the role since Barrymore"". Although ""posterity has treated less kindly"", throughout the 1930s and 1940s he was regarded by many as the leading interpreter of Shakespeare in the United States and in the 1938/39 season he presented 's first uncut , running four and a half hours. Evans later performed a highly truncated version of the play that he played for South Pacific war zones during World War II which made the prince a more decisive character. The staging, known as the ""G.I. Hamlet"", was produced on Broadway for 131 performances in 1945/46. Olivier's 1937 performance at The Old Vic was popular with audiences but not with critics, with writing in a famous review in ""Mr. Olivier does not speak poetry badly. He does not speak it at all."" In 1937 directed the play at Elsinore, Denmark, with Laurence Olivier as Hamlet and Vivien Leigh as Ophelia. + In 1963, Olivier directed as Hamlet in the inaugural performance of the newly formed ; critics found resonance between O'Toole's Hamlet and 's hero, Jimmy Porter, from . + received his third Tony Award nomination when he played his second Hamlet, his first under John Gielgud's direction, in 1964 in a production that holds the record for the longest run of the play in Broadway history (137 performances). The performance was set on a bare stage, conceived to appear like a dress rehearsal, with Burton in a black v-neck sweater, and Gielgud himself tape-recorded the voice for the ghost (which appeared as a looming shadow). It was immortalised both on record and on a film that played in US theatres for a week in 1964 as well as being the subject of books written by cast members William Redfield and Richard L. Sterne. + Other New York portrayals of of note include that of 's in 1995 (for which he won the for Best Actor)—which ran, from first preview to closing night, a total of one hundred performances. About the Fiennes wrote in that it was ""... not one for literary sleuths and Shakespeare scholars. It respects the play, but it doesn't provide any new material for arcane debates on what it all means. Instead it's an intelligent, beautifully read ..."" played the role with an all-star cast at 's in the early 1970s, with 's Gertrude, 's King, 's Polonius, 's Laertes and 's Osric. Sam Waterston later played the role himself at the Delacorte for the , and the show transferred to the in 1975 ( played Bernardo and other roles). Stephen Lang's for the in 1992 received mixed reviews and ran for sixty-one performances. played the role with the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in 1965. (at , memorably performing "" "" while lying on the floor), at Rutgers , and (fiercely) at Stratford, Connecticut, have all played the role, as has at . The lists sixty-six productions of . + performed Hamlet from 9 October to 13 November 1989, in 's production at the , replacing , who had abandoned the production. Seriously ill from at the time, Charleson died eight weeks after his last performance. Fellow actor and friend, , said that Charleson played Hamlet so well it was as if he had rehearsed the role all his life; McKellen called it ""the perfect Hamlet"". The performance garnered other major accolades as well, some critics echoing McKellen in calling it the definitive Hamlet performance. + performed Hamlet from 12 January to 4 February 1995 at the ( , Manitoba). The production garnered positive reviews from worldwide media outlets. Directed by Lewis Baumander the lavish production featured a cast of some of Canada's most distinguished classical actors of that period. + continues to be staged regularly. Actors performing the lead role have included: , , , , , , , , , , , , and . + In May 2009, opened with in the title role at the West End season at . The production officially opened on 3 June and ran through 22 August 2009. A further production with Jude Law ran at in Denmark from 25–30 August 2009, and then moved to Broadway, and ran for 12 weeks at the in New York. + In October 2011, a production starring opened at the , in which the play was set inside a psychiatric hospital. + In 2013, American actor played the title role of in , at the , at in . + The of London initiated a project in 2014 to perform in every country in the world in the space of two years. Titled , it began its tour on 23 April 2014, the 450th anniversary of Shakespeare's birth, and performed in 197 countries. + played the role for a 12-week run in a production at the , opening on 25 August 2015. The play was produced by , and directed by Lyndsey Turner, with set design by . It was called the ""most in-demand theatre production of all time"" and sold out in seven hours after tickets went on sale 11 August 2014, more than a year before the play opened. + A 2017 production, directed by and starring , was transferred that same year to the West End's . + played the role for a three-week run at that opened on 1 September 2017 and was directed by . + In 2018, 's newly instated artistic director played the role in a production notable for its . + A production by starring in title role, as Gertrude, as Ophelia opened on 13 October 2022. + An early film version of is 's five-minute film of the fencing scene, which was produced in 1900. The film was an early attempt at combining ; music and words were recorded on phonograph records, to be played along with the film. Silent versions were released in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1913, 1917, and 1920. In the 1921 film , Danish actress played the role of Hamlet as a woman who spends her life disguised as a man. + 's 1948 moody black-and-white won and and is as of 2024 , the only Shakespeare film to have done so. His interpretation stressed the Oedipal overtones of the play and cast 28-year-old as Hamlet's mother opposite himself at 41 as Hamlet. + In 1953, actor performed the play in 15-minute segments over two weeks in the short-lived late night series . TV critic Jack Gould praised Manning's performance as Hamlet. + The 1964 Soviet film (Russian: ) is based on a translation by and directed by , with a score by . was cast in the role of Hamlet. + John Gielgud directed in a at the in 1964–65, the longest-running in the U.S. to date. A live film of the production was produced using ""Electronovision"", a method of recording a live performance with multiple video cameras and converting the image to film. Eileen Herlie repeated her role from Olivier's film version as the Queen, and the voice of Gielgud was heard as the ghost. The Gielgud/Burton production was also recorded complete and released on LP by . + The first in color was a directed by with as Hamlet and as Ophelia. + In 1990 , whose Shakespeare films have been described as ""sensual rather than cerebral"", cast —then famous for the and movies—in the title role of his ; —then famous as the psychotic ""other woman"" in —played Gertrude, and played Hamlet's father. + adapted, directed, and starred in a 1996 film version of that contained material from the First Folio and the Second Quarto. Branagh's runs for just over four hours. Branagh set the film with late 19th-century costuming and furnishings, a production in many ways reminiscent of a Russian novel of the time, and , built in the early 18th century, became Elsinore Castle in the external scenes. The film is structured as an and makes frequent use of to highlight elements not made explicit in the play: Hamlet's sexual relationship with 's Ophelia, for example, or his childhood affection for Yorick (played by ). + In 2000, 's set the story in contemporary , with playing Hamlet as a film student. Claudius (played by ) became the CEO of ""Denmark Corporation"", having taken over the company by killing his brother. + The 2014 film is an adaptation set in modern . + , released on 22 April 2022 and directed by the American director who also co-wrote the script with Icelandic author , is based in the original Scandinavian legend that inspired Shakespeare to write . + This section is limited to derivative works written for the stage. + Tom Stoppard's 1966 play retells many of the events of the story from the point of view of the characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and gives them a backstory of their own. Several times since 1995, the has mounted repertories that included both and , with the same actors performing the same roles in each; in their 2001 and 2009 seasons the two plays were ""directed, designed, and rehearsed together to make the most out of the shared scenes and situations"". + wrote a short comic play titled , in which Hamlet's play is presented as a tragedy written by Claudius in his youth of which he is greatly embarrassed. Through the chaos triggered by Hamlet's staging of it, Guildenstern helps Rosencrantz vie with Hamlet to make Ophelia his bride. + 's is a comical sequel to in which all the deceased characters come back as ghosts. reviewed the play, saying it is ""scarcely more than an extended comedy sketch, lacking the portent and linguistic complexity of Tom Stoppard's . operates on a far less ambitious plane, but it is a ripping yarn and offers Keith Reddin a role in which he can commit comic mayhem"". + 's includes elements of the story of but focuses on Ophelia. In Svich's play, Ophelia is resurrected and rises from a pool of water, after her death in . The play is a series of scenes and songs, and was first staged at a public swimming pool in Brooklyn. + 's is a ""tragical-comical-historical"" prequel to that depicts the Danish prince as a student at Wittenberg University (now known as the ), where he is torn between the conflicting teachings of his mentors and . reviewed the play, saying, ""Mr. Davalos has molded a daft campus comedy out of this unlikely convergence"", and s review said the playwright ""has imagined a fascinating alternate reality, and quite possibly, given the fictional Hamlet a back story that will inform the role for the future."" + by Canadian playwright Michael O'Brien is a dark comedy loosely based on , set in Denmark in 999 AD. + A polemic response to Heiner Mueller's is a postmodern tale of love, sex and politics in a fragmented world of confused emotions and global, virtual sexuality. Since its premiere in 2013, Magda Romanska's celebrated experimental play has been performed and studied around the world, with each culture and language feeding into and responding to 's collage of modern existence. + All references to , unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Q2. Under their referencing system, 3.1.55 means act 3, scene 1, line 55. References to the First Quarto and are marked and , respectively, and are taken from the Arden Shakespeare . Their referencing system for Q1 has no act breaks, so 7.115 means scene 7, line 115.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Edwin_Booth_Hamlet_1870.jpg/220px-Edwin_Booth_Hamlet_1870.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/File-Hamlet%2C_Prince_of_Denmark_Act_I_Scene_IV.png/220px-File-Hamlet%2C_Prince_of_Denmark_Act_I_Scene_IV.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hamlet_stabs_Polonius.jpg/220px-Hamlet_stabs_Polonius.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hamlet_et_Horatio_au_cimeti%C3%A8re_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_1942.jpg/220px-Hamlet_et_Horatio_au_cimeti%C3%A8re_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_1942.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Saxo_original_001.jpg/170px-Saxo_original_001.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_Spanish_Tragedy.jpg/170px-The_Spanish_Tragedy.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_Barrymore_Hamlet_1922.jpg/220px-John_Barrymore_Hamlet_1922.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hamlet.jpg/170px-Hamlet.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/First-page-first-folio-Hamlet.jpg/220px-First-page-first-folio-Hamlet.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bad_quarto%2C_good_quarto%2C_first_folio.png/220px-Bad_quarto%2C_good_quarto%2C_first_folio.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Delacroix-1834-I2-QueenConsolesHamlet.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/John_Everett_Millais_-_Ophelia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-John_Everett_Millais_-_Ophelia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Michel_de_Montaigne_1.jpg/220px-Michel_de_Montaigne_1.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Claudius_at_Prayer_Hamlet_3-3_Delacroix_1844.JPG/170px-Claudius_at_Prayer_Hamlet_3-3_Delacroix_1844.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ophelia_-_Henrietta_Rae.jpg/220px-Ophelia_-_Henrietta_Rae.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nicolai_Abildgaard_-_Hamlet_hos_sin_moder_-_KMS1019_-_Statens_Museum_for_Kunst.jpg/220px-Nicolai_Abildgaard_-_Hamlet_hos_sin_moder_-_KMS1019_-_Statens_Museum_for_Kunst.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Czach%C3%B3rski_Actors_before_Hamlet.jpg/250px-Czach%C3%B3rski_Actors_before_Hamlet.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hamlet%2C_Drury_Lane_Edition.jpg/220px-Hamlet%2C_Drury_Lane_Edition.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Garrick_as_Hamlet.jpg/220px-Garrick_as_Hamlet.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Thos._W._Keene_in_Hamlet.png/170px-Thos._W._Keene_in_Hamlet.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Mignon_Nevada_Ophelia2.jpg/170px-Mignon_Nevada_Ophelia2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bernhardt_Hamlet2.jpg/170px-Bernhardt_Hamlet2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ralph_Cleaver_-_1904_amateur_performance_of_W.S._Gilbert%27s_Rosencrantz_and_Guildenstern_at_the_Garrick_Theatre%2C_London_-_Image_1.jpg/220px-Ralph_Cleaver_-_1904_amateur_performance_of_W.S._Gilbert%27s_Rosencrantz_and_Guildenstern_at_the_Garrick_Theatre%2C_London_-_Image_1.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/75px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/19px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/21px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_culture.svg/21px-P_culture.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-l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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Culture of São Tomé and Príncipe - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Culture_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Events - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Events
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Philosophy - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Philosophy
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Science - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 37 subcategories, out of 37 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Science
+en.wikipedia.org,Year-riddle - Wikipedia,"The is one of the most widespread, and apparently most ancient, international -types in Eurasia. This type of riddle is first attested in tradition thought to originate in the second millennium BCE. + Studies have surveyed the exceptionally wide attestation of this riddle type. The riddle is conventionally thought to been eastern in origin, though this may simply reflect the early date of writing in the east. A variety of guiding metaphors appear in the Year-riddle, and it can be helpful to analyse its variants on these lines. It has been argued that 'versions usually express the conventional tropes of a given culture or society and indicate regional sources'. + Year-riddles are numbered 984, 1037 and 1038 in . As a folktale motif, the riddle is motif H721 in the classificatory system established by . + Most year-riddles are guided by one (or more) of four metaphors: wheels, trees, animals (particularly human families), and artefacts (particularly architecture). + The first three all make an appearance in the year-riddle that appears in several versions of the . This story seems to have originated in around the late seventh or early sixth century BCE. The relevant passage is lost from the earliest surviving versions, but the following instance, from a later version, is thought likely to represent the early form of the text: + [The king] said to me, “Aḥiḳar, expound to me this riddle: A pillar has on its head twelve cedars; in every cedar there are thirty wheels, and in every wheel two cables, one white and one black.” And I answered and said to him, “(...) The pillar of which thou hast spoken to me is the year: the twelve cedars are the twelve months of the year; the thirty wheels are the thirty days of the month; the two cables, one white and one black, are the day and the night. Ancient Indian sources afford the earliest attestations of the year-riddle: examples in the are thought to originate c. 1500×1200 BCE. Their use of metaphors of wheels reflects the prominence of the concept of the in Asian culture. + of the of the can be understood to comprise a series of riddles or enigmas. Many are now obscure, but may have been an enigmatic exposition of the . 1.164.11 runs: + दवादशारं नहि तज्जराय +वर्वर्ति चक्रं परि दयां रतस्य +आ पुत्रा अग्ने मिथुनासो अत्र +सप्त शतानि विंशतिश्च तस्थु + duvā daśāraṃ nahí táj járāya +várvarti cakrám pári dyā m r̥tásya +ā putrā agne mithunā so átra +saptá śatā ni viṃśatíś ca tasthuḥ + With twelve spokes—for it does not become old— +the wheel of the truthful order turns on and on around the sky. +Sons, in pairs, o Agni, +seven hundred and twenty, are standing. + + Meanwhile, 1.164.48 gives: + दवादश परधयश्चक्रमेकं +तरीणि नभ्यानि क उ तच्चिकेत +तस्मिन साकं तरिशता न शङकवो. +अर्पिताः षष्टिर्न चलाचलासः + duvā daśa pradháyaś cakrám ékaṃ +trī ṇi nábhyāni ká u tác ciketa +tásmin sākáṃ · triśatā ná śaṅkávo +arpitā ḥ ṣaṣṭír ná calācalā saḥ + The felly-pieces are twelve, the wheel is one, +the nave-pieces three; who has understood this? +On it are placed, as it were, 360 +pegs that do not wobble. + + Likewise, in the , the riddles posed to by in the begin with the year-riddle: what has six naves, twelve axles, twenty-four joints, and three hundred and sixty spokes? + A later Indic example using a similar metaphor is from the ascribed to (1253–1325): + + + Twelve horses, thirty pullers, +Passengers, three hundred and fifty-five +Come summer, winter or storm, +Never stop—always mobile. + Here the three hundred and fifty-five days of the year correspond to the twelve lunar cycles of the year. + A large number of variants (numbered 1037-38 in Archer Taylor's ) compare the year to a tree; indeed, 'riddlers rarely use the scene of a tree and its branches for other subjects than the year and the months or the sun and its rays'. The tree is also the metaphor usually found in Arabic folktales. The popularity of tree-imagery is thought to echo the widespread popularity of or in Eurasian traditions. + Most year-riddles of this kind can be thought of as containing some or all of the following components: + Versions containing only parts of the tree occur across Eurasia, whereas the versions with the nests occur only in Europe. + Examples include this verse from the early eleventh-century : + What are the dozen cypresses erect +In all their bravery and loveliness, +Each one of them with thirty boughs bedeckt-- +In Persia never more and never less?. + To which responds + First as to those twelve cypresses which rear +Themselves, with thirty boughs upon each tree: +They are the twelve new moons of every years, +Like new-made monarchs, throned in majesty. +Upon the thirtieth day its course is done +For each; thus our revolving periods run. + Later examples include: + + + What is that good tree, green-veiled, +Its branches are twelve in number, +If you count from the face of intelligence, +Thirty leaves on every branch you will find. +Year + Yonder stands a tree of honor, +twelve limbs grow upon her, +every limb a different name. +It would take a wise man to tell you the same. [English] + A tree with twelve branches and thirty leaves, of which fifteen are black and fifteen white, strewn with open flowers of whitish yellow [Malay] There stands a tree with twelve branches, on each branch are four nests, in each nest are six young, and the seventh is the mother. [Lithuanian] More elaborate variations on this theme are also found. One Icelandic example is preserved in three early-modern manuscripts of the riddle-contest in the medieval and runs: ('what is that assembly which has twelve flowers, and in each flower are four nests? And in each nest are seven birds and each has its own name? How are they guessed? 12 months, 4 weeks, 7 days'). + Human families provide a guiding metaphor for a number of year riddles (numbered 984 in Archer Taylor's ), though almost never in English-language tradition. Although only first attested in the roughly tenth-century CE , the following Greek riddle is there ascribed to (fl. C6 BCE); even if it is not that ancient, the attribution to him would suggest that the riddle was thought of in Ancient Greek culture as itself being very old: + + + There is one father and twelve children; of these each +Has twice thirty daughters of different appearance: +Some are white to look at and the others black in turn; +They are immortal and yet they all fade away. + Another example of the family metaphor is this French riddle, first published in 1811: + + + We are twelve sisters, daughters of the same father, +Not always of the same mother. +Each one successively +Gives birth to four males, +Who produce similarly, +At equal intervals +More than three hundred daughters a day, +Each in his turn. +Those male ones are born from their females; +We are born just as those female ones are; +The male ones form us, we form them, +After which we start again. + The only English-language example of this kind of year-riddle found by Taylor was from in the : ' '. — 'Twelve months of the year, de second one February'. + Eastern Europe and Asia exhibit a range of other animal metaphors for the year, usually involving a team of twelve oxen pulling one plough or gatherings of different species of birds. + A number of year-riddles use man-made objects as their controlling metaphor. For example, a modern Greek riddle invokes a cask made with twelve staves, and a riddle the contents of a chest. But most often these riddles draw on architecture, as in the following mid-twentieth-century example from central : + Ein-daw-thar-lan: + set-nhit khan: +ta khan: thone gyait +ah phay eit +phwiṇ hlet ta gar: +lay: paut htar: +win bu twet bu bar yẹ lar: + +Hnit It is a beautiful house with twelve rooms and thirty people can sleep in each room. There are four doors left open. Have you ever passed through these doors? +A year.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Faroe_stamp_389_the_tree_of_the_year.jpg/220px-Faroe_stamp_389_the_tree_of_the_year.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year-riddle
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Fields of finance - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fields_of_finance
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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians who read thrillers - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 235 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_who_read_thrillers
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with Project Gutenberg links - Wikipedia,"Articles with external links including {{ }}, {{ }}, and {{ }}. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 13,887 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Project_Gutenberg_links
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Lusophone culture - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lusophone_culture
+en.wikipedia.org,Home tour event - Wikipedia,"Home tour events or housing shows, sometimes branded as or , are building industry showcases of homes, typically new builds, held in several regions throughout the United States. The events date to the late 1940s. + In the years following World War II, the United States experienced housing shortages. Builders entered the market to create mass housing developments such as ; by 1952, such builders had produced six million new housing units. The market for was saturated, and builders needed to create a new market for that had additional space and included more upscale features. According to magazine, the building boom meant builders had ""in a very literal sense...built themselves out of their easy market"" and said ""from now on they must sell their new houses to people already well-housed -- at least by yesterday's standards"". According to the in 1953, home builders were being confronted for the first time since before the war with a . + Aspirational increased as Americans were exposed to bigger homes via movies, television, and advertising; by the mid-1950s 18 million families were financially able to consider moving from starter homes to move-up homes. In general the period was one of increased consumer spending. + The date of the first of such events is disputed. According to the (NABH), the Salt Lake Home Builders Association held the first Parade of Homes in the United States in 1946. According to Samuel Dodd, writing in the , the first housing show was organized in 1948 by the NABH under the brand Parade of Homes. The nation's first home-tour organization was established in Minnesota in 1948 by the Builders Association of the Twin Cities (now known as Housing First Minnesota). + Early events featured crowd-drawing publicity stunts such as beauty contests and other sexualized components; a Hartford, Connecticut show featured a ""girl in a bathtub"" promotion -- a female employee sitting in a answering questions. Other publicity stunts included a 1956 Kansas City show that featured a team assembling and furnishing a in eight hours. + According to Dodd, by the mid-1950s such shows had become ""the highlight of the annual homebuilding economy"". + Housing shows use a merchandising strategy to turn show attendees into buyers by the houses to allow attendees to picture themselves in the space. was a prominent designer and stager in the 1950s. + Some era events featured homes with a . + In some locales, the events are presented by the local Home Builders Association or Building Industry Association. The events showcase homes, both new construction and remodeled homes. Homes generally include single-family homes, , , and/or . Sometimes entire new developments or streets within existing developments are developed for such events. Sometimes event homes are located in multiple neighborhoods in a city. + The Parade of Homes presented by Housing First Minnesota is the largest housing show in the nation. The event runs twice a year, once in the spring and once in the fall, with participation peaking at 1,259 home entries in a single event in 2006. The first United States Trademark for ""Parade of Homes"" was registered by the Home Builders Association of Fort Wayne, Inc. and was transferred to Housing First Minnesota in 2010. + The of Oregon Home Builders Association event features high-end homes designed to showcase new designs and amenities. Started in 1976, a previous incarnation of the event was known as the Parade of Homes and later as Street of Dreams. + Some events allow tours for free; others require an admission ticket to view the homes. Some events offer awards in various categories. Some events feature remodeled homes. + + This -related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Noto_Emoji_v2.034_1f3e0.svg/50px-Noto_Emoji_v2.034_1f3e0.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/EB1911_Capital_Fig._7.%E2%80%94Roman_Capital_from_the_Temple_of_Mars_Ultor%2C_Rome.jpg/34px-EB1911_Capital_Fig._7.%E2%80%94Roman_Capital_from_the_Temple_of_Mars_Ultor%2C_Rome.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_tour_event
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Women and philosophy - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_and_philosophy
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Inquiry - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 20 pages are in this category, out of 20 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Inquiry
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles with text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages. + This category should only be added with the {{ }} family of templates, never explicitly. + +For example , which wraps the text with . Also available is which displays as English: . + This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 12,934 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_explicitly_cited_English-language_text
+en.wikipedia.org,Intangible asset finance - Wikipedia,", also known as ""IP finance"", is the branch of that uses such as (legal intangible) and (competitive intangible) to gain access to . Like other areas of finance, intangible asset finance is concerned with the interdependence of , , and . + Business can benefit from unlocking value from their intangible assets, with intellectual property and other intangibles adding at least double the value to products as tangible capital. + In 2003, one estimate put the of intangible assets in the U.S. at $5 trillion, which represented over one-third or more of the value of U.S. domestic in the first quarter of 2001. + Among companies in the , intangibles including intellectual property account for 90% of the total . + Intangible assets include , (IP) such as , , for and , , , , , and . Today, these intangibles drive and are the primary sources of risk. Intangible asset information, , and are growing services as the divests itself of physical . Rights to tangible and intangible assets are intangible, and can be traded globally. + Policymakers have explored a variety of measures around IP-backed financing including the creation of dedicated funds; education programs to develop standards, raise awareness and promote good practice; as well as, in some cases, subsidized interest rates for loans based on IP as . It is still a relatively new policy area with both firms and governments are experimenting with how they can support IP-rich businesses to grow. + A number of intangible asset business models have evolved over the years. + The (WIPO) is a self-funding agency of the United Nations, with 193 member states. Its stated mission is to lead the development of a balanced and effective international IP system that enables innovation and creativity throughout the world. In June 2021, WIPO released its Medium Term Strategic Plan (MTSP), which included working with its partners to catalyze international discussions on the important questions of and finance. The organization is launching a new report series, studying country experiences with IP-backed financing. The series was formally launched in 2022. It includes China, Jamaica, Japan, Singapour, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. In November 2022, WIPO held a High-level conversation on Unlocking Intangible Asset Finance, announcing its action plan on the topic. In November 2023, WIPO held their second IP Finance Dialogue. + The (UNCITRAL) plays a key role in developing progressive harmonization and modernization of international trade law. UNCITRAL does so by promoting the use and adoption of legislative and non-legislative instruments in a number of strategical areas of commercial law . The UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions promotes low-cost credit by enhancing the availability of secured credit. In line with this objective, the Supplement on Security Rights in Intellectual Property is intended to make credit more available and at a lower cost for Intellectual property rights owner. + The (OECD), is an international organization that works in establishing evidence-based international standards and finding solutions to a range of social, economic and environmental challenges. In addition to other topics, the organization explores the role of intellectual property rights, studies the economic impact of IP regimes globally. In 2019, it produced a paper on the use intangibles to strengthen SME access to finance. + The (IFRS) is a accounting organization, which promotes the development of financial reporting standards. Its (IAS 38) set out the criteria for recognizing and measuring intangible assets: ""An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance. Such an asset is identifiable when it is separable, or when it arises from contractual or other legal rights."" + Challenges in intangible asset financing include:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangible_asset_finance
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Europe/Sidebar - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/25px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg/62px-Wikiproject_Europe_%28small%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Europe/Sidebar
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Susu the Puschel - Wikipedia,...,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_Austria_template.svg/45px-Flag_Austria_template.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Eye_makeup.jpg/60px-Eye_makeup.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Answer_to_Life.png/42px-Answer_to_Life.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Towel_blue_decorativepattern_closeup.jpg/60px-Towel_blue_decorativepattern_closeup.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/SmallLadyJustice.GIF/35px-SmallLadyJustice.GIF|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/UserboxDeathStopV2.png/50px-UserboxDeathStopV2.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/40px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Old_book_bindings.jpg/40px-Old_book_bindings.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/40px-Open_book_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Humour_mouth.png/82px-Humour_mouth.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Mystery.png/82px-Mystery.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Romance.png/82px-Romance.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Thrillerbook.png/82px-Thrillerbook.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Open_book_01.png/50px-Open_book_01.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Open_book_01.png/43px-Open_book_01.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2_russian_street_cats-crop.jpg/100px-2_russian_street_cats-crop.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Susu_the_Puschel
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia external links - Wikipedia,"This contains pages related to on Wikipedia. + This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_external_links
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Foreign relations of Brazil - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 22 subcategories, out of 22 total. + The following 34 pages are in this category, out of 34 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_Brazil
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Architecture stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 323 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Architecture_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Women and the arts - Wikipedia,"Women and the . + This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_and_the_arts
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Knowledge - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 52 pages are in this category, out of 52 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Knowledge
+en.wikipedia.org,2012 Malaysia Super League - Wikipedia,"The (English: ) also known as the for sponsorship reasons is the ninth season of the , the top-tier professional league in Malaysia. + The season was held from 10 January and concluded on 14 July 2012. + The champions for 2012 was . + A total of fourteen teams will contest the league, including eleven sides from the and two promoted teams from the . of will also participate in the 2012 season, replacing . + and were relegated at the end of the after finishing the season in the bottom two places of the league table. + champions and runners-up secured direct promotion to the Liga Super. + Following an agreement between the and the , , with most of the members of the squad are players from Singapore's national under-23 team, will replace , which represent the Malaysian Under-23 national football team. While the will compete at the , will take the position in the . Young Lions was later replaced by a new team, named that will replace the former under-23 football team. + +¹ – promoted from + Note: + Fixtures and Results of the Liga Super 2012 season. + The play-off matches to determine promotion and relegation will be held at and , from 17 to 19 July 2012, as next season Liga Super will be reduced to 12 teams from 14 teams this season. Team that finished 11th in the Liga Super, will meet second placed team in Liga Premier, while team that finished 12th in the Liga Super, will meet team that finished 13th in the Liga Super, . The winner of both semi-final match will meet in the final to determine who will stay in the . The winner will stay in the Liga Super; the other 3 teams will be relegated to 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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Vague or ambiguous time from February 2023 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all vague or ambiguous time from February 2023 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 301 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_February_2023
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time - Wikipedia,"This is a category to help keep count of the total number of articles with the {{ }} template. They should all be in one of the dated categories. See also . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 25,818 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians with law degrees - Wikipedia,"List of users who have obtained a for their respective jurisdictions. Holding a law degree does not necessarily mean the user is also an attorney (having taken and passed the bar, or having attended a law school in ( )); rather that the user graduated from law school. See also . + This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 88 pages are in this category, out of 88 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_with_law_degrees
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:Copyvio link - Wikipedia,", the official English Wikipedia on copyrights, says, in part: ""... if you know that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of the creator's copyright, do not link to that copy of the work."" + This template will categorise tagged articles into . + Add this template only if you strongly suspect that the external location which the associated link references is carrying a work in violation of the creator's copyright. + + No description. Template parameters Provides the month and year; e.g., 'January 2013', but not 'jan13'",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Copyvio_link
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Government of Brazil - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. + The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_of_Brazil
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Visual arts stubs - Wikipedia,"However, please use a more specific stub type when available, as listed below: + This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 364 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Visual_arts_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Women in history - Wikipedia,"Women in history. + + This category has the following 22 subcategories, out of 22 total. + The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_in_history
+en.wikipedia.org,Vidya (philosophy) - Wikipedia,"( : , : ) figures prominently in all texts pertaining to – meaning science, learning, knowledge, and scholarship. Most importantly, it refers to valid knowledge, which cannot be contradicted, and true knowledge, which is the -gained knowledge of the . is not mere intellectual knowledge, for the demand understanding. + primarily means ""correct knowledge"" in any field of science, learning, philosophy, or any factual knowledge that cannot be disputed or refuted. + Its root is ( : विद्), which means ""to reason upon"", knower, finding, knowing, acquiring or understanding. + + In , refers to the knowledge of the soul or spiritual knowledge; it refers to the study of the six schools of Hindu philosophy: , , , , and . The process of gaining the knowledge of the cannot commence unless one has explored the or to the full in all its numerous phase; through or to was always the eternal order indicated by the Upanishads. dawns after the completion and perfection of the being through the ; then, one crosses over beyond birth and death having already destroyed the bonds of death. + During the period, or the gift for the sake of education was considered to be the best of gifts, possessing a higher religious efficacy than even the gift of land. comes from the root (""to know""); it therefore means knowledge, science, learning, lore, scholarship and philosophy. +There are basically four : + gives insight, in the spiritual sphere it leads to salvation, in the mundane sphere it leads to progress and prosperity. illuminates the mind and shatters illusions, increases intelligence, power and efficiency; develops the intellect and makes it more re-fined; it effects a complete transformation as the root of all happiness and as the source of illumination and power. The word, , does not occur in the , it occurs in the and in the portions of the and in the . + or the science of is said to be the greatest discovery of the ancient Indians who gained direct experience of divine fire through continuous research, contemplation, observation and experimentation; their experience led them to discover ways of using this knowledge to heal and nurture the outer and the inner worlds. To them fire is sacred, and because of the pervasive nature of fire all things are sacred. Body and mind which are extensions of the fire that the soul spontaneously emits are also sacred. Within the body the most significant centres of fire are more subtle than those of the sense organs. They are called the which are seven fields of sacred fire. The understanding of the role of fire without and within gives proper self-understanding which understanding is gained through yogic practices. The performance of is the aspect of . All rituals follow set rules and conditions. The main function of the fire ritual is to make an offering to nature's finest forces and divinities that fill the space of inner consciousness; fire carries oblations to these forces and divinities. The fire has seven tongues all having unique qualities. The gods, goddesses, divinities and nature's forces are grouped in seven main categories which match with the qualities of the seven tongues of fire. + or the absolute oneness of the self is the theme of entire which distinguishes six or means of valid knowledge, but this or knowledge of is , i.e. set in the secret place and hidden in its depth, unattainable except through , the meditation centering upon the nature of the self. Vedanta literature is only preparatory to it, it dispels ignorance and makes the mind receptive but does not reveal the truth therefore it is an indirect means of knowledge. The oneness of the self, which is self-established and self-shining, is called in cosmic reference which reveals the true nature of , the self-shining pure consciousness which is not a ('object matter or content') but the one subject, transcendent of all conventional subjects and objects. The Self or the Atman is to be sought, the Self is to be enquired into, known and understood. + The sage of the (Verse I.1.4), more in the context of the ritualistic than of epistemological concerns, states that there are two kinds of knowledge ( ) to be attained, the higher ( ) and the lower ( ). , the higher knowledge, is knowledge of the Absolute ( , ); , the lower knowledge, is knowledge of the world – of objects, events, means, ends, virtues and vices. has Reality as its content; , the phenomenal world. According to Advaita Vedanta, , by the nature of its content, possesses a unique quality of ultimacy that annuls any supposed ultimacy that might be attached to any other or form of knowledge, and is intuitively gained as self-certifying. Once Brahman is realized all other modes of knowledge are seen to be touched by , the root of ignorance. In this context, means true knowledge. +However, it is argued that the Advaita Vedanta interpretation does not answer the final question: what is the reality or truth-value of or what is the substratum that is the basis or cause of ? + The Upanishads teach that the knowledge of difference is or ignorance, and the knowledge of identity is true knowledge or or valid knowledge, which leads to life eternal. For the , perception is the only means of valid knowledge ( ). Vadi Deva Suri of the defines valid knowledge as determinate cognition which apprehends itself and an object and which is capable of prompting activity which attains a desirable object or rejects an undesirable object; the result of valid knowledge is cessation of ignorance. recognized four kinds of valid knowledge – Perception, Inference, Recollection and Intuition. The Mimamsa schools introduced the concept of intrinsic validity of knowledge ( ) and extrinsic validity of knowledge ( ) but agreed that the validity of knowledge cannot be determined by the knowledge of any special excellence in its cause or the knowledge of its harmony with the real nature of its object or the knowledge of a fruitful action. accepted perception, inference, scriptural testimony, comparison, presumption and non-apprehension as the six sources of knowledge and concluded that the knowledge which corresponds with the real nature of its object is valid. The Atman is the reality in the empirical self as the ever-present foundational subject-objectless universal consciousness which sustains the empirical self. + In the movement starts from the outer extremities and gradually penetrates into the inmost recesses of the soul, and the whole investigation is conducted in two spheres, in the subject as well as in the object, in the individual as well as in the world, in the as also in the , in the and also in spheres and conducted synthetically as well as analytically, through as well as , which the calls and . The do not rest content in knowing the reality simply as a whole but proceed further to comprehend it in all its infinite details too. The higher includes the lower grades and adds something more to it and never rejects it; the lower has its fulfilment in the higher and finds its consummation there but never faces extinction. All forms of contemplation have only one aim: to lead to the Supreme Knowledge and hence they are termed as ; through , which is , one attains immortality ( Verse V.1). , and are the synthetic way whereas the analytic way is signified by the Sleeping man of the episode and by the Five Sheaths, which ways show that the world and the individual spring from the same eternal source. + In , goddesses are personifications of the deepest level of power and energy. The concept of , in its most abstract terms, relates to the energetic principle of ultimate reality, the dynamic aspect of the divine. This concept surfaces in the as Goddess Umā bestowing on ; when linked with and , she embodies the power of illusion ( ), encompassing ignorance ( ) and knowledge ( ) and thereby presented with a dual personality. According to the Saktas, is basically a positive, creative, magical energy of the Goddess that brings forth the universe. The ten are bestowers or personifications of transcendent and liberating religious knowledge; the term in this context refers to power, essence of reality and the . The gentle and motherly forms of Goddess Sri Vidyā are 'right-handed'. When the awareness of the 'exterior' ( ) combined with the ""I"" encompasses the entire space as ""I"" it is called . When later, discarding the abstraction of the Self and the exterior, clear identification with the insentient space takes place, it is called ; the investigation of these two last steps is pure (knowledge). , which has been identified with in the represents its three ; also identified with , which term primarily means the dark abyss of non-being and secondarily the mysterious darkness of the unmanifest state, binds through and releases through . + In , means 'non-dual awareness' of . In , the word, , meaning , similarly refers to non-dualistic awareness or intrinsic awareness. + In texts, exist in three forms: (secret), (knowledge) (mnemonic). Male Buddhist tantric deities are represented by the grammatically masculine , while female Buddhist tantric deities are represented by the grammatically feminine . The mantras constitute the knowledge and the mind of all the and that which possesses the (essence of ), and it is this knowledge, according to Cabezon, which ""pacifies the suffering experienced in the existential world ( ) and the heaps of faults such as desire"". + In Buddhism, the ( ; : ; : ) or ""five sciences"" are the five major classes of knowledge ( ) which are said to have mastered. A recognised master of all five sciences is afforded the title . The five sciences are:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/80px-Om_symbol.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/90px-1_Om.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/16px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/110px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidya_(philosophy)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using infobox football league season with unknown parameters - Wikipedia,"This category contains pages transcluding ( ) with unknown parameters (undefined, misspelled, etc.). + Pages are typically sorted alphabetically by the unknown parameter that is used, e.g. pages using unknown parameter will be sorted under ""F"". The name of the page is typically used as a secondary sort key. + + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,211 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_football_league_season_with_unknown_parameters
+en.wikipedia.org,Northcliffe Media - Wikipedia,"(formerly ) was a large regional newspaper publisher in the UK and Central and Eastern Europe. In 2012 the company was sold by (DMGT) to a newly formed company, , which also bought Iliffe News and Media from the . In October 2015, Trinity Mirror, later , bought Local World. + It operated from over 30 publishing centres, and also had 18 daily titles. The main publishing centres for the newspapers were in , Bristol Print Centre in , Derby Print Centre in , Rockwell Universal in , Leicester Print Centre in , Plymouth Print Centre in and Stoke Print Centre in . All publishing centres except Swansea and Grimsby have since closed. + Northcliffe ran a print and publishing service to businesses and organisations across the UK and . It also operated a retail division with 67 outlets and had Hungarian newspaper interests. It also claimed to be one of the top two publishers, in terms of circulation, in after years in the country, and to have invested £22 million in the market between 2004 and 2007. They owned , the leading daily classified newspaper in Slovakia, City Express was acquired, including two fortnightly titles, , a motors classified product and , a property magazine. + In November 2005, the DMGT announced that it wanted to sell Northcliffe Newspapers, at the time worth over £1.5bn. It came after figures according to Ofcom announced that Northcliffe only has 16% of the regional market, compared to Trinity's 20%, Newsquest's 18% and 15% for Johnston. This was cancelled after they could not find an offer for the group as a whole. On 6 July 2007, the company bought 26 regional titles from for the sum of £64.15 million. The group said it had bought three of Trinity Mirror's local divisions, East Surrey and Sussex Newspapers, Kent Regional Newspapers and Blackmore Vale Publishing, included the , magazine, and the . The sale is expected to boost Northcliffe's circulation by 872,000 copies per week. + The company's name was changed to Northcliffe Media from Northcliffe Newspaper Group in 2007. + In July 2011, it was announced that Northcliffe Media intended to sell nine of its titles to the . The newspapers involved include the , , , , , and . km Group has referred the matter of the acquisition of the titles to the . + In November 2012 DMGT sold Northcliffe Media to Local World. In October 2015, Trinity Mirror announced that it was acquiring the whole of Local News. + A&N International Media, formerly Northcliffe International, was the Central and Eastern European multimedia enterprise arm of Northcliffe Media. It had newspapers throughout Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria, with their biggest market in Hungary. They also had website interests in Croatia, owning four shopping, home and car websites as well as in Slovakia and Hungary. + The international arm began in 1989, when the Northcliffe Newspaper Group acquired , the largest regional newspaper in Hungary, serving the north-western county of - . The group later acquired , the largest daily title in the south-east of the country, and the English-language weekly newspaper, . Northcliffe also invested significantly in new headquarters and printing plants in both and . + The total Eastern European business had revenues of £35 million per year and annualised profits of around £6 million. The arm had 801 overseas workers in 2006, but after the arrival in the Croatian market in March 2007, this exceeded 1,000. The chairman of the European arm was Vivian Baring and the director was István Szammer. + In Hungary , a morning newspaper based in Győr, had the highest of any regional title in the country, selling an average 78,000 copies Monday to Saturday. It also published a daily edition for the town of . Northcliffe International also published , Hungary's oldest regional daily newspaper and the largest selling title in the south-eastern region. In addition it published for county. Other publications included classified titles and . Websites included , a car finder website (similar to that of DMGT's Newspaper and website in Britain), , a house finder website (similar to that of DMGT's website in the UK) and Workania, a work finder website (yet again similar to in the UK owned by DMGT). + Other newspapers owned by the group included the paid-for: + + And the free: + + In 2004 Northcliffe International acquired , Slovakia's biggest daily advertising magazine which included nearly 8,000 advertisements daily. Other acquisitions included , a free weekly paper distributing 160,000 copies in and around , the country's leading recruitment website , the leading motors website , and the quality daily newspaper , the oldest national title in Slovakia with a circulation of 78,000. Northcliffe's Slovakian business, in which it invested a total of £23 million, employed over 300 people and generates revenues of £12 million. + Other newspapers owned by the Slovakian arm of the group included: + In Bulgaria, Northcliffe International owned the daily Bulgarian newspaper , established in 1992. Pozvanete is the leading paid-for classified advertising newspaper in the region with copies sold in , and . The title employed more than 200 people. + Northcliffe International entered the Croatian market in March 2007 with the purchase of 60 per cent of the country's leading recruitment website Mojposao.hr. The site controls 85 per cent of the country's online jobs market. Northcliffe invested almost £12 million on digital assets in Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia. Other websites included 4kotaca.net, centarnekretnina.net and kupiprodaj.net. + In Romania, Northcliffe International's activities extended further with the acquisition of the classified title in . was established in 1990 as a bi-weekly classified advertising periodical and sold 12,000 copies per issue mainly in Bucharest. The title also has a dedicated website. + Northcliffe Media claimed that over 3,272,302 people had visited all of its local sites for all the newspapers, with the most hit site being the . Northcliffe's core business was the production, printing and distribution of Regional Newspapers alongside its online 'thisis' network. + Some former of the group included and a 25% shareholding in the website . Associated Northcliffe Digital (AND) was the online arm of the Northcliffe Media Ltd, one of the largest and most successful regional newspaper publishers in the UK. Its daily titles had a combined sale of more than one million copies per day and its paid-for weeklies sold in excess of 490,000 copies. Each week the Group also distributed 2.6 million copies of its free newspapers.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Northcliffe_Media.png/220px-Northcliffe_Media.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northcliffe_Media
+en.wikipedia.org,2018 Golden Globe Race - Wikipedia,"The was an around-the-world race founded by Australian adventurer and circumnavigator, . The race started on 1 July 2018 from , as the second edition and 50th anniversary celebration of the original . It featured yachts similar to those used at that time. Except for safety equipment, no modern technology was allowed. + Entrants are limited to sailing similar yachts and equipment to what was available to , the winner of the original . That means sailing without the use of modern technology such as . Safety equipment such as and are carried, however the competitors are only allowed to use the technology in an emergency. + Competitors could apply to have their class of boat approved, providing it was in accordance with the following rules: + Twenty-two boats were approved, with one exception to the rules made for a wood-epoxy replica (the being the yacht that Knox-Johnston sailed in 1968). + The race started on 1 July 2018 in and led around the world eastward, leaving , and to . There were several ""film gates"" along the route, where the skippers could be interviewed as they sailed past without stopping and where they passed over films and letters. + 18 entrants from 13 different countries entered the race. Of those, six chose the class-compliant but relatively modern . A further 17 had expressed interest but never started. + + The race started at 10:00 GMT on 1 July 2018, with the competitors passing a rolling gate between the and the , two yachts that competed in the 1968 race. Sir , who sailed on the and won that race, fired the starting cannon. + Of the 18 entrants, Francesco Cappelletti did not start the race and officially withdrew on 5 July. He plans to sail around the world independently and the race organisers are tracking his progress. Ertan Beskardes retired on 5 July, after deciding that being unable to communicate with his family removed the enjoyment from the race. Kevin Farebrother retired on 15 July at the mark, after becoming disillusioned by solo sailing and lack of sleep. Two days later, Nabil Amra retired at the same area on 17 July due to broken windvane gear. Antoine Cousot stopped at the Canary islands to repair his windvane gear, demoting him to the 'Chichester' class (one stop). Istvan Kopar put in to the Cape Verde islands on 23 July, planning to replace his windvane, but in the event proceeded without assistance. + Antoine Cousot retired at the end of August due to a broken windvane and injuries. Philippe Péché made one stop ('Chichester' class) on 11 August following the failure of his tiller, but retired from the race two weeks later on 25 August. + Are Wiig was dismasted on 17 August 400 nautical miles off Cape Town. + was dismasted and injured on 22 September. Gregor McGuckin elected to abandon his boat after being dismasted and was rescued with Abhilash. + On 5 December 2018, Susie Goodall's boat was pitch-poled (flipped end-over-end), dismasted, and swamped during a storm while in the around 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km; 2,300 mi) west of . She was rescued by the on 7 December. + The 2022 edition of the Golden Globe Race started on 4 September 2022 from in France. Like in 2018, the solo-sailors gathered for the SITraN Prologue, starting 14 August 2022, before sailing to Les Sables-d'Olonne for the GGR Race Village.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Logo_of_the_2018_Golden_Globe_Race.png/275px-Logo_of_the_2018_Golden_Globe_Race.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bronze_medal_icon.svg/16px-Bronze_medal_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Logo_of_the_2022_Golden_Globe_Race.svg/220px-Logo_of_the_2022_Golden_Globe_Race.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.p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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians by degree - Wikipedia,"Wikipedians by . + This category has the following 113 subcategories, out of 113 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_by_degree
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Templates using TemplateData - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 11,259 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Templates_using_TemplateData
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Governments in South America by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Governments_in_South_America_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Visual arts - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total. + The following 51 pages are in this category, out of 51 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/22px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Visual_arts
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Gender history - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gender_history
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles with text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages. + This category should only be added with the {{ }} family of templates, never explicitly. + +For example , which wraps the text with . Also available is which displays as : . + This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 60,223 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text
+en.wikipedia.org,2012–13 Ukrainian Second League - Wikipedia,"The was the 22nd season of 3rd level professional . There are two groups of competition divided by region. The competition began on 13 July 2012 when visited to play against and lost 3–1. + The competition for the 2012–13 season has been changed from previous seasons 2 stages. + The first stage will be a similar to the previous seasons. The first stage of the competition will be played prior to the winter break. Each team will play with other teams two games (one home, one away). + The second stage will begin the spring of 2013. Teams will be divided into 4 groups. The first stage Groups A and B will be split into two pools one of teams playing for promotion to the First League, another of teams competing to remain in the Second League. Each team in a group will play with every other team two games in a round robin competition. The first two groups The top six teams of the first stage Groups A and B will advance. All points accumulated in the first stage will carry over. The champions of the Groups 1 and 2 will be directly promoted to the . The top teams of Groups 1 and 2 will also qualify for a championship play-off for the title of the Second League Champion as in the previous season. + The second place teams of both groups will qualify for a promotion/relegation play-off against the 15th and 16th placed teams of the . In the case of exclusion and/or withdrawal of teams from the First League during the season the format of the promotion/relegation play-off will change. + Teams will enter Groups 3 and 4 that are placed below the sixth place in Groups A and B in the first stage. Initially, These teams will play for the rights to remain in the but due to the withdrawal for teams the competition was reformated for the second stage. + The will be consolidated to twenty teams for the 2013–14 season. + The placing of teams in the table of all stages is done in the following order: + The play-offs will consist of two games where each team will play one game at home and another away. The tiebreak rules will be based primarily on the record of the both games and secondarily on the goals scored in away game. In case when all the conditions will not identify a winner, the second game will go into an and, if necessary, the . + The following teams were admitted by the after playing in the and passing attestation. + The teams admitted without playing at amateur league + Prior to the season it was expected that , and would participate in the competition. All three teams informed that they would not enter the competition one day before the competition was to start. + Last season entered the with the registered address of their parent company UkrAroKom in Pryiutivka. The club's home ground is located in . Prior to the start of the season the club changed its location with the to Holovkivka. + + The draw for the second stage of season took place on 19 February 2013 and only for the top six teams of each group from the first stage. The second stage will commence 6 April 2013. + The for Groups 3 and 4 was announced on 4 April 2013 for teams that did not qualify for Group 1 or Group 2. + + + + The title of the Second League Champion was contested by the Group 1 and Group 2 winners at the end of the season. The matches were played in a home and away series. The draw for the matches was made on 6 June 2013. + + + + For sponsorship purposes the tournament titled as the and as previously planned is composed of two groups. Due to a number of withdrawals during the winter break the PFL had to make some adjustments in competition structure for the Second Stage for Groups 3 and 4 from the original plans. The changes were reviewed and accepted by the FFU Executive Committee on 3 April 2013. On 4 April 2013 a draw took place for clubs that placed at bottom halves after the autumn half of season. The four teams in Group 3 did not have their points transferred from the first stage of the competition, while the Group 4 teams have continued on with the points they gained in the first stage. In addition, relegation of teams from the Second League (Article 13, paragraph 17) was suspended. +Games in both Groups (3 and 4) were scheduled to resume on 13 April 2013. + + + + A promotion/relegation home and away play-off were played by the 2nd team in Group 1 and 2 of 2012–13 Ukrainian Second League against the 15th and 16th placed teams of the competition. and qualified for the play-off. The draw for the play-off matches was held on 7 June.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ukraine_%281991-2014%29_location_map.svg/600px-Ukraine_%281991-2014%29_location_map.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Newspaper companies of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. + The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Newspaper_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles using Template:Infobox sailing competition with competitors - Wikipedia,"The following 99 pages are in this category, out of 99 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Template:Infobox_sailing_competition_with_competitors
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:List of Wikipedia administrators with academic degrees - Wikipedia,"This is a list of Wikipedian administrators with academic degrees. The possession of one or more academic degrees is not an absolute indication of expertise. Levels of tertiary education received vary according to time and place, and also expertise can be gained informally.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_Wikipedia_administrators_with_academic_degrees
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:TemplateData - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:TemplateData
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Government in South America - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_in_South_America
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Vision - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to . + This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. + The following 195 pages are in this category, out of 195 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vision
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Gender studies - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gender_studies
+en.wikipedia.org,17th Corps (China) - Wikipedia,"The ( : ), later the , was a military formation of the 's from 1949 to 1950 and 1968–73. + The 17th Corps was activated in February 1949 from 11th Column, Zhongyuan Field Army. The Corps was composed of the , and . It became part of 's 5th Army of the . + The Corps took part in the , especially the . + In March 1950 the corps was inactivated and converted as Guizhou Military District (later Guizhou Provincial Military District). + On August 26, 1968, 17th Army Corps( : ) was activated in , , province. Army corps commander: ( : ), commissar - ( : ), who was the divisional commissar of 29th Army Division during the of the . + As of its activation, the army corps was composed of: + The formation of the army corps was a result of . After the incident, the mutinous was quickly disarmed and taken control by of the and affiliated that under great influence by . The formation of 17th Army Corps was to ""strain"" the ""rogue"" independent divisions with ""modest"" 29th Army Division, and was a footstep forward by the to further Lin's influence to the PLA ground force. + In December 1969, 29th Army Division became 49th Army Division. + After the , all of Lin's ""janissaries"" were quickly put under arrest or investigation, including the corps commissar . In March 1973 the army corps was formally disbanded. + This article related to the military of China is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/18px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Kinesiskt_bronssv%C3%A4rd_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_98702.tif/lossy-page1-50px-Kinesiskt_bronssv%C3%A4rd_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_98702.tif.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Corps_(China)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:CS1 uses Ukrainian-language script (uk) - Wikipedia,"This is a tracking category for that use the parameter to hold a citation title that uses Cyrillic characters (Ukrainian) and contains the language prefix . Individual pages in this category should only be added by CS1 templates and . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,860 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Ukrainian-language_script_(uk)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:United Kingdom journalism organisations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 20 pages are in this category, out of 20 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom_journalism_organisations
+en.wikipedia.org,2017–2018 Volvo Ocean Race - Wikipedia,"The was the 13th edition of the round-the-world . It started in , Spain, and concluded in , . GAC Pindar provides logistic support for the race. At the stopovers, teams had premium bases for better fan interaction. + Volvo made a number of changes to this edition. Sailors were able to provide social media updates, new male/female ratios were introduced, Onboard Reporters rotated between teams, a new scoring system was used, the yachts were upgraded with Hydro generators for back-up power and all teams sailed the 2017 . + During Leg 7 of the race, John Fisher, 47, a citizen who lived in , was swept overboard from and lost at sea 1400 miles west of . + For the second edition running, the race was , racing the . The VO65 was designed by to be a cheaper and safer alternative to the ageing and expensive . + All Volvo 65's have undergone repairs and refits by The Boatyard. This ensured that all the yachts are the same. The estimated cost of the refit was 1 million euros per boat. + Despite an eighth boat being produced for this edition, only seven teams participated, as in the previous edition: + The full route for this edition was announced in June 2016, with the announcement of the addition of in January 2017. + This edition of the race included ""Leg 0"", a set of 4 offshore races to help generate interest. They included the 2017 , and the 2017 . + + As opposed to the previous edition, scoring was based on a high-points system, with the winner of every leg scoring one bonus point (7+1 bonus point for a win, 6 for second, 5 for third, etc.). The two Southern Ocean legs – from Cape Town to Melbourne, and Auckland to Itajaí, plus the North Atlantic leg near the end of the race, Newport to Cardiff – all scored double points. There was a bonus point for the first team to round Cape Horn in a nod to the historic significance of this turning point in the race. A further bonus point was awarded for the team with the best total elapsed time overall in the race. The In-Port Series didn't count in the overall points but remained the tiebreaker should teams be tied on points at the finish in The Hague.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/20180622_Aarhus_Volvo_Ocean_Race_Vestas_0205_%2841146297340%29.jpg/275px-20180622_Aarhus_Volvo_Ocean_Race_Vestas_0205_%2841146297340%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Volvo_Ocean_Race_finish_Scheveningen_The_Hague.jpg/220px-Volvo_Ocean_Race_finish_Scheveningen_The_Hague.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/w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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia administrators - Wikipedia,"This category and its subcategories contain the of some . These categories are . Administrators are a group of trusted users with access to certain software tools not available to other users. For example, they have the ability to pages and users. + This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 687 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_administrators
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:VisualEditor - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 41 pages are in this category, out of 41 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:VisualEditor
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Government by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Senses - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to . + This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Senses
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Gender - Wikipedia,"discusses the social aspects of womanhood and manhood, as opposed to . + This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. + The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gender
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from July 2017 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles lacking in-text citations from July 2017 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 554 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_July_2017
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:CS1 uses foreign language script - Wikipedia,"This is a tracking category for that use the parameter to hold a citation title that does not use Latin characters. Such languages are the Semitic languages Arabic and Hebrew, the Asian languages Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, languages that use the Cyrillic alphabet, etc. As other language use is identified, will be modified to place them in their proper subcategories. This category may contain a mix of individual pages and subcategories. Individual pages in this category and its subcategories should only be added to them by CS1 templates and . Subcategories in this category are ordered by language tag. + This category has the following 53 subcategories, out of 53 total. + The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_foreign_language_script
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Communications and media organisations based in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. + The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Icon_Camera.svg/28px-Icon_Camera.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Communications_and_media_organisations_based_in_the_United_Kingdom
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl) - Wikipedia,"This is a tracking category for articles that use to identify sources. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 11,562 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Ergo Sum - Wikipedia,"Welcome to my user page. Should you care to know, my interests and contributions are fairly eclectic. I enjoy law and philosophy, and am a big history buff. I do my best to make no mistakes, but as a human, I am fallible. If you believe I have acted in error or just want to say hello, feel free to stop by my talk page. Insofar as one may generalize, I am both an inclusionist and an incrementalist, but there are certainly exceptions to both. + + The name ""Ergo Sum"" derives from the famous proposition by French philosopher , "" ,"" which translates from the as ""I think, therefore I am."" This statement was the conclusion of his argument for the proof of the existence of the self as a thinking being, thereby ameliorating the problem of (although Descartes himself treated this problem only as ). The immense power of this simple statement permits the existence of knowledge and validates the endeavor. While innumerable philosophers went on to challenge various aspects of this argument, the Cartesian impact is still pervasive throughout the field of today. + The next question you might rightly ask is, ""what does this have to do with Wikipedia?"" Right. As an encyclopedia, Wikipedia is (ideally) a repository of human knowledge, which is to say, it contains all of and only that which is true. The veracity of a postulation may be tested or (the latter being logically necessary due to 's ), but all inquiries rest on the presupposition that the acquisition of knowledge is, in fact, possible. As such, the organization of inquiry into a methodological study of knowledge, epistemology, is forever indebted to Descartes. + It should be noted that Descartes is not alone in deserving laudation by those who cherish the rigorous and systematic study of reality, which, if not the definition, is at least the essence of philosophy. + + The following are articles and other pages I've created, with a few that I've primarily contributed to but not created:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wikipedia_Administrator.svg/20px-Wikipedia_Administrator.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Edge-firefox.svg/75px-Edge-firefox.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Internet_mail_icon.svg/75px-Internet_mail_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Exquisite-kcontrol.png/75px-Exquisite-kcontrol.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Oxygen480-actions-document-sign.svg/75px-Oxygen480-actions-document-sign.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Four_Award.svg/15px-Four_Award.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cscr-featuredtopic.svg/15px-Cscr-featuredtopic.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/15px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Sym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+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Why/User Test Data - Wikipedia,"As part of our preparations for the 2013 launch we ran a group of users from through a set of tasks, first using the VisualEditor and then using wiki markup. Some of them had tried to edit in the past; many were total newcomers. The script for the tests can be . This is not the only data we are relying on; we are also (and more usefully) from a test on the English-language Wikipedia, in which 50 percent of new users were given the VisualEditor by default. + When presented with the source editor, users tended to have the same set of problems. Many of these centred around identifying what they were expected to change; with so much markup, they found it difficult to identify things in the markup view that matched what they'd seen when reading the rendered page. Users were also worried by the clutter of the editing interface, particularly the mass of buttons at the bottom of the ""save page"" window. + Users struggled to understand the wikimarkup found in a moderately-sized article; when they managed to identify bits, it was almost entirely from comparing their memory of the rendered page to individual words, and looking at the formatting around those words (for example, noting that all of the headers had equals signs, and thus determining that equals signs made headers work). With one exception, every user found the source editor intimidating and would opt not to use it. + Several problems were raised with the VisualEditor. Many users found adding links to be confusing, something we have noted and are evaluating, and (as known) the VisualEditor was slow to load for some testers. Several other (now fixed) bugs, such as problems with saving the page, also frustrated users. However, all but one of the testers concluded that they preferred using the VisualEditor to using the source editor, one of them noting that ""[with the VisualEditor] I would be more likely to make edits. That interface was a lot easier to understand and I had more confidence that the changes I was making were the changes that I wanted to make. I also like that I had an opportunity to review the changes and note them."" + This is a test of a new editing interface for Wikipedia pages. We will be testing whether it is easier to edit Wikipedia using the current editing interface or the new interface. +In this scenario, let's say that you've decided to correct the article ""Golden-Crowned Sparrow"". Try to make the corrections that we give throughout, and then tell us what parts of the process felt confusing, and whether it was easier or more difficult to make the corrections with the first interface you are presented with, or the second interface.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/VisualEditor-logo.svg/200px-VisualEditor-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Why/User_Test_Data
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Politics by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Politics_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sensory systems - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 92 pages are in this category, out of 92 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sensory_systems
+en.wikipedia.org,Voting behavior - Wikipedia,"refers to how people decide how to . This decision is shaped by a complex interplay between an individual voter's attitudes as well as social factors. Voter attitudes include characteristics such as , , degree of satisfaction with the existing government, public policy leanings, and feelings about a candidate's personality traits. Social factors include , , , educational level, regional characteristics, and . The degree to which a person identifies with a political party influences voting behavior, as does . Voter decision-making is not a purely rational endeavor but rather is profoundly influenced by personal and social and deeply held beliefs as well as characteristics such as personality, , , and other . and avoidance of through can impact voting behavior. + Voter behavior is often influenced by voter loyalty. There is a correlation between voter satisfaction with what a has achieved and dealt with a situation and voters' intention of voting for the same party again. Thus, if there is high voter satisfaction with how the political party performed, then the likelihood of a reoccurring vote in the next election is high. Additionally, the information supplied to the voter is significant in understanding voting behavior. The information provided to the voter, not only influences who to vote for, but if they are intending too at all. + Three cleavage-based voting factors, or individual differences impacting voting behavior, focused on in existing research are , , and . In recent years, voting cleavage has shifted from concerns of vs religions to have a larger focus on religious vs leanings. Traditional conceptions of class voting dictate a working-class preference towards and preference for . The influences of class voting is reliant on political environment and location, many nations observe the opposite preferences. + Many cleavage-based voting behaviors are interconnected and frequently build on each other. These factors also tend to hold different levels of weight in different countries, based on their political environment, meaning that there is no universal explanation for voting cleavage in all countries. Each factor has a different level of importance and influence on one's vote dependent on the country one is voting in. + Research following the identified four distinct voting behaviors depending on the election type. Citizens use different decision criteria if they are called to exercise their right to vote in , , or in a . + In , voters usually vote based on their . In , voters tend to vote for those who seem more capable to contribute to their area. Voting behavior for differs slightly, as people vote for or against a clearly defined policy. + voting is also an important motive behind an individual's vote and can influence voting behavior. A 2000 research study on partisanship voting in the found evidence that partisan voting has a large effect on voting behavior. However, partisan voting has a larger effect on , such as a , than it does on . Furthermore, there is also a distinction of partisan voting behavior relative to a voter's age and education. Those over fifty years old and those without a are more likely to vote based on partisan loyalty. Additionally, the voting behavior tendencies of different groups may shift over time; for example, in the , voters with college degrees have shifted significantly toward candidates over the past three decades. This research is based on the and has not been confirmed to accurately predict voting patterns in other democracies. + A 1960 study of found that citizens living in areas were more likely to be supportive of socialist or progressive parties, while citizens living in areas were favorable of conservative parties. + Voters have also been shown to be affected by and politics, and whether such coalitions form before or after an election. In these cases, voters can be swayed by feelings on coalition partners when considering their feelings toward their preferred . + is an important factor to consider when making inferences regarding voting behavior. Gender often interacts with factors such as region, , occupational differences, age, , educational level, and other characteristics to produce a distinct multiplicative effect on voting behavior. Much of the research on gender differences in voting behavior has centered on the and of women in the towards the in the 1980s. More recent research focusing on the partisan in the suggests that this gender gap is actually a race gap, as in the U.S. have consistently been supporters of the and were more likely to vote for over in the . More recent and forthcoming research expands this focus to a global perspective, using perceptions of gender differences in voting behavior to make predictions that factor in the role of in voting decisions. + In the , was the first nation to grant women the legal , in 1893. The vast majority of nations officially granted women the right to vote over the past century, though many women were prevented from voting for decades, such as Black women in many regions of the United States. prior to the 1960s. As of 2023, virtually all nations other than officially grant women the legal right to vote, though significant barriers exist to in many places that can make casting a ballot impossible or near impossible. Examples include , where women are not allowed to travel more than 72 kilometers without a male chaperone, and parts of , where many women could not vote in recent elections due to election-related . + Research on gender differences in voting has historically focused on economically advanced, , though there is a growing body of research on women's voting preferences in lower income nations. Research has demonstrated that gender differences in voting exist worldwide. The cause of this often varies by and region. Frequently utilized explanations for gender gaps in voting are , situational constraints for women, and differences in political priorities. Studies indicate that the way these factors interact with voting behavior depends on location, , , lived experience, and other facets of identity including , , and age. It is thus important to employ an lens - meaning, one in which race, ethnicity, , , educational status, and other factors are considered - and explore gender within the context of these other factors to understand voting behavior more fully. + Influences on candidate choice have been linked to three main influences on voting behavior. These influences include, but are not limited to, issue and beliefs, perceptions of government performance, and personal evaluation of candidate characteristics. These factors are influenced by a range of compounding factors including . + Voters must hold on the subject and recognize differences between the candidates on it in order for it to influence their choice of candidate. Oftentimes, voters will hold viewpoints that are too unstable to serve as a benchmark for comparing the candidates, while others won't detect any significant distinctions between them on the subject. Other voters will have firm opinions and distinct of candidate differences, specifically when the candidates directly indicate their distinctions. Relating back to voting behavior, the crucial point is not whether voters have a specific candidate or policy choice, but rather how much they differentiate between candidates on policy matters and decide who to vote for on that basis. + influences these views on policy. In the , ideology affects how voters cast their ballots in based on their beliefs on certain policy concerns. Another method of influence is , which working with ideology may also shape the ways in which voters perceive policy. + There is mixed research regarding whether or not a in partisan preferences exists, and if it does exist to what extent. Research that affirms the existence of this gap emphasizes that younger women in particular are more likely to support candidates than men. The cause of this shift is still being explored, but one prevalent theory holds that gendered differences in voting behavior can at least in part be attributed to the growing presence of due to , improved accessibility of women to the education system, the questioning of traditional , and the disproportionate amount of unpaid caregiving work that women perform. These developments have led younger women to be more supportive of that tend to prioritize issues especially to women. + A relevant example to this point are right-leaning parties that have addressed relevant economic issues such as state-funded childcare, such as the under between 1997 and 2010, have since had more success winning votes from younger women. + Voting behavior is significantly influenced by assessments of government performance, which should be differentiated from the influence of policy issues. Different opinions on what the government ought to do are involved in policy concerns, which are prospective or based on what will happen. Performance assessments, which are retrospective, contain differences regarding how effectively the government has performed. + and voter gender can affect voter perceptions of government performance. A 2019 study surveying a nationally representative sample of citizens, found that women's in political-decision-making bodies builds trust and broad approval of these bodies across policy outcomes and areas. + Voters frequently weigh candidates’ personal qualities such as experience, , morals, , , and leadership potential. + These established opinions of candidates' traits are developed in addition to how they view them in terms of political and policy issues, and these judgments have a significant impact on voting decisions. The candidates' perceived , concern, sincerity, dependability, and ability have been found to be one crucial feature of their . Which qualities matter and how these perceptions are formed is intertwined with a variety of identity factors including gender. + Historically, has been disproportionately held by men. This unrepresentative balance is still reflected today with the vast majority of the highest political offices occupied by men. This trend holds even in democracies where political positions are technically accessible to all genders. This disparity is a product of a multitude of factors, but some suggest that the of voters plays a role in maintaining this political . + Physical characteristics of political candidates impact voter bias in a uniquely gendered way. A study from 2008 found that men are more likely to vote for female candidates whereas women are more likely to vote for approachable male candidates. This finding echoes the different standards women candidates are required to fulfill in contrast to male candidates to be taken seriously as contenders in political races. + Research also indicates that the gender of a political candidate changes the way voters evaluate political qualifications. What voters want to know about a candidate varies by the candidate's . For female candidates, voters seek out more -related information like and occupational experience than they do for male candidates. Thus, the information voters seek about candidates is gendered in a way that indirectly impacts voting behavior. There is an overall bias that suggests that voters are using the candidates gender to make assumptions about political factors that are relatively closer to their own. Some female voters naturally feel that women will untimely connect and understand their beliefs. + There is also evidence that the presence of a female candidate encourages political engagement in voting. The mere presence of a female candidate has been found to increase women's . This finding supports the idea that the of women in campaigns impacts the overall political attitudes and voting behavior of women. + Gender differences in voting behavior are components of gendered differences in . Political engagement refers to methods of individual involvement with political practices and can be broken down into political engagement and unconventional political engagement. Conventional practices include , letter-writing, and signing . Unconventional practices include participating in non-violent and violent , , and . + Numerous cross-national studies have found that women are less likely to engage in practices broadly. This means that women are less likely to engage in the practice of voting all together. Notable exceptions to this include voter engagement in the , where women have higher voter turnout rates in , but are still less likely to participate in other forms of conventional and unconventional . + A study based in found that women with access to educational resources and who possess and live in societies that promote values and practices are more likely to engage in politics than those who lack access to education and who live in societies with more norms and practices, in which are more prevalent and women are viewed as essentially "" "" and fundamentally different from men. + in the are much more likely than White women and then to vote for candidates, a trend that has persisted since the 1960s, and are far more likely to vote than their would predict. From 1980 to 2016, 91% of votes cast by Black voters were for Democrats, compared to 40% among Whites. While income usually is associated with propensity to vote, this does not appear to hold true for . Analyses of data from the U.S. Cooperative Congressional Election Study, a large survey that matches respondents to their voter file records, has found that low income have a significantly higher predicted voting rate compared to , White men, or White women in the same . While the researchers found that income did strongly predict voting participation among White people, it played less of a role in voter participation among . Some have theorized that this increased voter participation occurs because voting and other civic engagement are ways of coping with the stress of persistent . + Much of the above discussion pertains to women's voting preferences in the and . Recent trends in , the world's largest democracy, have found that women are more likely to vote along religious, rather than , lines, even when parties offer policies that might appear to benefit women. A survey of voters in , India, found that voters’ party choice was associated with occupation and newspaper choice and not gender, , or income.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Election_in_Japan2016_Summer.jpg/220px-Election_in_Japan2016_Summer.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Donald_Trump_and_Hillary_Clinton_during_United_States_presidential_election_2016.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_and_Hillary_Clinton_during_United_States_presidential_election_2016.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Women_voting_afghanistan_2004_usaid.jpg/220px-Women_voting_afghanistan_2004_usaid.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Prime_Minister_David_Cameron%2C_speaking_at_the_London_Summit_on_Family_Planning_%287554893808%29.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_David_Cameron%2C_speaking_at_the_London_Summit_on_Family_Planning_%287554893808%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Congressional_Black_Caucus_women_2019.jpg/220px-Congressional_Black_Caucus_women_2019.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/28px-Psi2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_behavior
+en.wikipedia.org,Galápagos (novel) - Wikipedia,"(1985) is the eleventh novel published by American author . Set in the after a global financial disaster, the novel questions the merit of the human brain from an evolutionary perspective. The title is both a reference to the islands on which part of the story plays out, and a tribute to , on whose theory Vonnegut relies to reach his own conclusions. It was published by . + is the story of a small band of mismatched humans who are shipwrecked on the fictional island of Santa Rosalia in the after a global financial crisis cripples the world's economy. Shortly thereafter, a disease renders all humans on Earth infertile, with the exception of the people on Santa Rosalia, making them the last specimens of humankind. Over the next million years, their descendants, the only fertile humans left on the planet, eventually evolve into a furry species resembling : though possibly still able to walk upright (it is not explicitly mentioned, but it is stated that they occasionally catch land animals), they have a with teeth adapted for catching fish, a streamlined skull and flipper-like hands with fingers (described as "" ""). + The story's narrator is a spirit who has been watching over humans for the last million years. This particular ghost is the immortal spirit of Leon Trotsky Trout, son of Vonnegut's recurring character . Leon is a who is affected by the massacres in Vietnam. He goes and settles in , where he works as a shipbuilder and dies during the construction of the ship, the . This ship is used for the ""Nature Cruise of the Century"". Planned as a celebrity cruise, it was in limbo due to the economic downturn, and due to a chain of unconnected events the ship ended up allowing humans to reach and survive in the Galápagos. A group of girls from a tribe living in the Amazon rainforest, called the Kanka-bono girls also end up on the ship, eventually having children with sperm obtained from the ship's captain. + The deceased Kilgore Trout makes four appearances in the novel, urging his son to enter the ""blue tunnel"" that leads to the afterlife. When Leon refuses for the fourth time, Kilgore pledges that he, and the blue tunnel, will not return for one million years, which leaves Leon to observe the slow process of evolution that transforms the humans into aquatic mammals. The process begins when a Japanese woman on the island, the granddaughter of a survivor, gives birth to a fur-covered daughter. + Trout maintains that all the sorrows of humankind were caused by ""the only true villain in my story: the oversized human brain"". eliminates this problem, since the humans best fitted to Santa Rosalia were those who could swim best, which required a streamlined head, which in turn required a smaller brain. + The main story is told a-chronologically with a framing story told by a narrator from a point a million years in the future, interspersed with flashbacks and commentary about the outcomes of future events of the main storyline. As a gimmick, an asterisk is placed in front of a character's name if they will die before sunset. + The novel contains a large number of quotations from other authors. They are related to the story itself and are functionally inserted through Mandarax, a fictional voice translator that is also able to provide quotations from literature and history. The following authors are quoted (in order of their appearance in the book): , , , , , , , Noble Claggett, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . + In 2009, produced an audio version of , narrated by , as part of its line of audiobooks. + In 2014, artists Tucker Marder and adapted ""Galapagos"" into a live theatrical performance at the new in Watermill, N.Y. Endorsed by the Estate, the multi-media production featured 26 performers including Bob Balaban; live orchestral underscoring composed and conducted by Forrest Gray featuring Max Feldschuh on vibraphone and Ken Sacks on mbira; animal costumes by Isla Hansen; a three-story scenic design by Shelby Jackson; experimental video projections by James Bayard; and choreography by Matt Davies. + In 2019, Canadian band The PepTides released a ten-song collection titled ""Galápagos Vol.1"", inspired by the themes and characters in Galápagos.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Galapagos%28Vonnegut%29.jpg/200px-Galapagos%28Vonnegut%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_(novel)
+en.wikipedia.org,"Embassy of Ukraine, Seoul - Wikipedia","( : ； : ) is the official diplomatic mission of in the . The embassy is located at 21 45th St., , , . The embassy was officially established in 1997, following in 1991 and the between the nations in 1992. The original embassy was located in , but has relocated twice before being where it is today. + Ukraine became independent on August 24, 1991, after the , and was recognized by South Korea about four months later. The two nations then established relations in February 1992 through the signing of a declaration of recognition. + +After the establishment of the Embassy of South Korea in Kyiv, the Ukrainians first appointed Korean entrepreneur Ho-Sang Wang( ) as the honorary ambassador, who was in charge of the diplomatic affairs of the two nations. Later in October 1997, Ukraine officially established their embassy in , and appointed as the first ambassador. The embassy was located at ( ) when it first opened. In December 2002, it relocated to . In January 2015, the embassy once again relocated to its current location in . + In 2012, the embassy celebrated the 20th anniversary of its opening, and coordinated some cross-cultural events, including a celebration of Ukrainian independence on August 24. + The head of the embassy is the ambassador, and there are consulates under the embassy to divide up bureaucratic duties. The embassy is responsible for diplomatic discussions on topics like trade and economic cooperation, technological innovations, legal responsibilities, and cultural exchange. + Besides the main embassy, the Ukrainian delegation also has an honorary consulate in Seoul. Its office is located in , and its consular district encompasses the provinces of , , , , , along with the cities of , , , , and .","https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Embassy+of+Ukraine%2C+Seoul&revid=1192822430&groups=_411352cd2b19cc1b3544632f1c8d4e46cd7fe319|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Ukraine,_Seoul"
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Business organisations based in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. + The following 59 pages are in this category, out of 59 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Business_organisations_based_in_the_United_Kingdom
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with non-English-language sources - Wikipedia,"This is the parent category for certain language-specific categories, that hold articles using non-English-language sources. + Articles in these categories should only be added with the template, never explicitly. + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 281 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_non-English-language_sources
+en.wikipedia.org,"Category:Wikipedians interested in Washington, D.C. - Wikipedia","This comprises the and of . Place any of the following lines of on to include it in this category: + This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 39 pages are in this category, out of 39 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/48px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/90px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/90px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/90px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/90px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/90px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/90px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/90px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/90px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/90px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_Washington,_D.C."
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive 127 - Wikipedia,"This page contains discussions that have been archived from . Please do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to revive any of these discussions, either a new thread or use the talk page associated with that topic. Archives: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , I like the way it was changed yesterday. Now once again old-fashioned. + for our talk page messages. + for our Username getting pinged, mentioned in any discussion. + for our created pages getting patrolled and when we receive thanks for our edits. + when we are warned or other negative things.-- 14:31, 15 September 2015 (UTC) + As the case has illustrated, our is vulnerable to circumvention via sockpuppets. It also suffers from ongoing patroller competence issues. Is it time to add a ""patroller"" to help manage these problems? ( ) 04:17, 8 September 2015 (UTC) + Whatever regime we set up a dedicated commercial enterprise can find a way around it. It would take some time to work up an account with whatever ""NPP reviewer"" user-right but it is trivial when there is money on the table. At that point our best option is tying the user right to the Terms of Use by saying anyone with the 'NPP user right' may not receive compensation for their editing (with the usual carve outs for GLAM, WiR, employees of the Foundation etc.). As to Orangemoody type things that requires either mentoring or a of experience. AGF ties our hands because we are suposed to deal with each new editor as a naive but well-intentioned person who just needs some proper guidance and each NPP must figure out how to manage that. I have never seen anything that tells us how to spot and deal with bad-faith paid editors etc. If we try to figure it out we are called 'deletionist' and 'over-zealous' which sooner or later leads to people giving up or becoming ass-holes with a smaller number figuring out how to manage on their own. Of course giving guidance on recognizing articles being pushed by puppet-farms will become useless almost as soon as they are posted. It would be so much easier if we just had a controlling NPP :) Since one of the major purposes of this user right is to prevent paid editing rings from inserting material into Wikipedia without review we must remember that all advanced user rights have to a commercial editing ring. The only way to limit the number of times our process will be subverted is to make the investment in time more than or very close to the actual cash value of having the user right. I know that it is kind of bureaucratic and that is antithetical to many Wikipedians but erecting barriers to entry that do not restrict good-faith editors is really the only defense volunteers have against those who are trying to make money off of the project. 20:36, 8 September 2015 (UTC) I'm strongly against stopping good-faith new users create and otherwise work with new articles. What I suggest is better use of the Draft namespace. Maybe 'new' users could automatically have their new articles appear in draft rather than article space? ( ) 20:17, 13 September 2015 (UTC) + Should we remove the bot flagging ability from bureaucrats and add it to a newly created a BAG user group? 07:21, 13 July 2015 (UTC) + - or to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard. ( ) 08:05, 13 July 2015 (UTC) + The contents of this discussion have been copied from . 08:46, 13 July 2015 (UTC) + + The assignment of bot status was up until April 2006 within the technical remit of stewards, with requests being made on meta. In keeping with their usual role, the stewards deferred to local communities to determine the consensus for bots to run and issued flags based on the approval decisions of groups on local Wikis such as BAG, where these existed. When the technical ability to assign flags was given to bureaucrats, they assumed the same role as the stewards had previously played - acting on the advice of the Bot Approvals Group. In some situations where BAG have been unable to reach a consensus, they have asked bureaucrats to aid them in making certain determinations - e.g. whether there is consensus for someone to join BAG. However, the local community has never accorded bureaucrats an ""oversight"" role over bot operations. It is a misunderstanding to think that bureaucrats have delegated the task of bot review to BAG. Unlike the promotion of new administrators or the performing of rename, the bureaucrat role here is largely technical. + This is reflected in that fact that where the assignment of a flag is not needed, bureaucrats have no role at all in the approval process. Examples of such situations would be: + BAG is mandated by the community to determine the technical suitability of a bot, its compliance with policy and whether a consensus for a task exists. It follows that bureaucrats are not empowered to make a separate judgments as to consensus and to refuse to flag, or to withdraw a flag by virtue of having the technical ability to do so. + When bots are approved, they are listed at and the next bureaucrat to check that list will assign the flag. Once a bot is listed, bureaucrats rely on the approval decision of BAG. + + +In one case, I did decline to flag a bot . This was expressly because I judged to have been only partial - Tawker had only endorsed the technical merits of the bot. It was later decided this bot would run unflagged. Simply put, I propose that page moves of pages in the "" :"" namespace be restricted to administrators. In other words, I think that the entire namespace should be . There is one major reason why I think this is necessary, should have been done long ago, and why I don't believe that even should be allowed to move the pages in that namespace. The reason is: when a page gets moved from a title in the ""Module:"" namespace, it leaves a redirect. This situation is problematic since, for one, it is the equivalent of having access to the ""delete"" function while not being an administrator and, for two, if there are any pages that run the module by its previous name (such as pages in the ""Template:"" namespace), they all break after the move (and since there are no redirects in the ""Module:"" namespace, there is to avoid the pages that run the modules from temporarily going down after the page move.) ( ) 02:39, 18 September 2015 (UTC) + Please comment at - a proposal to use a bot to undelete some 400,000 IP talk pages that were deleted as stale. ( ) 05:59, 19 September 2015 (UTC) + Ahmed has already been invited to the headquarters of some of the biggest internet giants out there. I was thinking that wikimedia should make a similar gesture of support and encouragement. Hence I'm wondering, who is the best person to speak to in regards to a possible wikimedia conference invite or a wikimania invite for Ahmed? I would prefer a link to a wikipedia userpage rather than e-mail. Thank you. ( ) 10:45, 20 September 2015 (UTC) + I see this all over Wikipedia, all the time, especially in the opening sentences of articles about (Jewish) Israeli people. The article will start "" (born Y date) is an so-and-so ...""—with the word ""Israeli"" linking to the article . This rather pervasive practice is at the very least linking and, in my opinion, frankly racist. It's as if white American people had their articles opening "" (born Y date) is an so-and-so ..."", with a link to under the word ""American"". I have removed at least a couple dozen of these usages by hand as I've come across them over the last month or so, but since the number of them seems to be so high (and people with a certain agenda seem to re-add these links occasionally), I think a bot would be advisable to change the wikicode to just , without a link. I have no experience in these things so I am listing this here. Any assistance would be appreciated. Cheers, — 09:49, 14 September 2015 (UTC) + Per 's request above I am opening this up to try to get some more views. I have also posted at to get views from there. I have already posted my rationale above. — 08:47, 15 September 2015 (UTC) + Please have your discussion somewhere else ( ). This is supposed to be a page where bot operators can work with people who have a request that has already been discussed or is uncontroversial. Having an RfC here will drown out the useful noise. ( ) 15:55, 15 September 2015 (UTC) + please excuse the thread of conversation being moved and broken up slightly. I agree with you that ideally Israelis of all backgrounds would be introduced simply as Israeli, without a wikilink, but I think so far as a bot is concerned it is better to focus on the low-hanging fruit of the problem first. The rest is another, much longer and much more complicated, discussion. — 19:07, 15 September 2015 (UTC) + The original concept of Wikipedia has been respected by people all over the world. Wikipedia, please kindly consider for and cater mainly for the people of the country or place each set serve...asap. May peace be with you. May all countries and all cultures prosper for many generations to come. -- ( ) 23:46, 14 September 2015 (UTC) + As an extension of the , I decided to file this Request for Comments. The question is straightforward and has two parts: + The reason for this action is . If we are truly concerned with readers' privacy as they enter Wikipedia, we should be equally concerned with it as they follow an external link that serves as a reference to what they just read. The issue concerns all existing external links to Google services ( , , , etc.) and the Internet Archive domain ( ), and those two, because Google Books, Google News and the Internet Archive's are among the most linked-to references on Wikipedia, with literally millions of external links. + + Please leave your comments and concerns below. -- ( ) 14:10, 10 September 2015 (UTC) + — 17:00, 15 September 2015 (UTC) This RfC completely missed the fact that locations that use proxy servers will break secure links since they would end-up proxying the secure link but will not have the certificate. Bad idea. ( ) 04:13, 17 October 2015 (UTC) + If it is true that this change will make life much more difficult for readers suffering under oppressive regimes and that need to use proxy servers to circumvent oppression, then this is sufficient reason not to make such a change - however many coddled westerners 'vote' for such a change. ( ) 16:01, 28 February 2016 (UTC) + I just want to add a technical opinion. By retrieving the http version and then the https version one can compare if they are the same and then (automatically) change the url protocol. And if the page is loaded any way there's an opportunity to check sum the page while at it and include in the reference. Anyone not able to get to https links can change the protocol manually. ( ) 23:16, 19 May 2016 (UTC) + The following discussion is closed. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion. + Over the last few months, we slowly expanded the availability of VisualEditor as an option for new editors. This is , which means that all accounts registered from now on get the choice to use VisualEditor. + Though VisualEditor is useful to both experienced and new users alike, we are yet to offer any choice to existing, inexperienced users. People with an existing account can and do opt-in to use VisualEditor, and there are a number of experienced editors (like those who read this page) who choose to use it. However, the vast majority of people are casual, irregular editors who come back every few months or so (or never). They do not change any of their settings, and most of them likely don’t even know they can. Offering VisualEditor to them as merely an opt-in preference is hiding it away. + Consequently, I think we should make VisualEditor available to all existing, inexperienced accounts, and for dormant accounts. By this I mean those who have not yet made many edits (fewer than 1000), and those who haven’t edited at all for a while (perhaps three to six months). , as many of you have made the decision to not use VisualEditor, which I respect. This change would also not provide VisualEditor to anonymous editors, who I think deserve a separate community conversation about how that can take place, at some point in the future. + The location of the preference switch will be moving soon to the ""Editing section of . This will bring the English Wikipedia into line with the majority of other Wikipedias, like French, Russian, or Italian; see for what that will look like. This will not mean that VisualEditor is ""complete"" or that it is out of ""beta"" though – there are still lots of improvements yet to make, not least integrating wikitext and visual editing together properly and removing the hack of having a second edit tab that jumbles up the interface. I have no intention of forcing anyone to use VisualEditor. + The choices about whether, at which thresholds, and exactly when to do this, are up for a discussion, and I would appreciate suggestions. I think this change would be a reasonable change without disrupting things for most users. Thoughts? + ( ), Product Manager, VisualEditor – 17:55, 2 September 2015 (UTC) + + + My main reason for thinking that these references may be of use for readers is the prevalence of false accounts. This addition would better enable readers to find official and verified accounts. + The blank template for such a parameter might present something on the lines of: + | Social media = <!-- Due to the prevalence of fake accounts associated to notable people and organisations, all entries must be verified. Use main platforms used preferably using format: [[https://example reference|name of platform]] or, in cases where facility is available --> + Should editors agree to the development of further templates we might also add information on the use of contents such as {{facebook|/example}} {{twitter|/example}} {{youtube|/channel/example}} etc. + These later formats may be of use at some time in the future, a decision is taken to replace platform names with platform logos/symbols. + 07:57, 20 September 2015 (UTC) + Dear Wikimedia colleagues: + I am developing a proposal for a video series that's designed to introduce Wikimedia to new contributors (particularly in GLAM and education programs), and to motivate them to participate in the community in a constructive way. I would appreciate your input. The video is intended for translation into multiple languages; there are already volunteers for Spanish, German and Greek translation. + The proposal's main draft page is . + The proposal talk page is ; it includes a draft outline of specific subjects that the video may cover. + Please note that the scope and budget of the project are still under consideration. At this point it would be especially helpful to have input on the subjects that the video should cover, and how best to cover them. This information will help as the project scope and budget are refined. + Please add your questions and comments to the talk page. + If you would like to support the project with your endorsement, please do so + If you would like to volunteer to translate the video, please email me or comment on the talk page. + Thanks and regards, + -- 22:13, 24 September 2015 (UTC) + should allow stopping at any level of redirection, the default being to show the WhatLinksHere page (indented) only up to double redirects. ( ) 01:02, 17 September 2015 (UTC) + Please make a global change in how Wikipedia refers to the Catholic Church. + Currently, moderators use the term ""Roman Catholic Church"", which is NOT how Catholics overwhelmingly refer to themselves. + Since the Catholic Church is comprised of 24 rites, only ONE of which is the Roman Rite, to refer to the whole as the ""Roman Catholic Church"" is entirely inappropriate and insulting to the other rites. +Yes, the Church is 'headquartered' in the Vatican, which in Rome, but that does not justify labeling it as such. No one refers to the LDS church as the ""Salt Lake City Church of Latter Day Saints"". + ""Roman"" is at best an out-dated, archaic term. At worst, it is a subtle political label meant to qualify the Church as but one Catholic church among many (e.g. the Anglican Church). +The insistence on denominating the Church as ""Roman"" seems to indicate a deep anti-Catholic, Protestant bias within Wikipedia. Anti-Catholic Protestants for centuries have insisted on denigrating the Catholic Church as merely ""Roman"". Terms such as ""the Roman Church"" and ""Romanism"" were used to smear the Church and cast it as foreign and particular, rather than universal. Since in the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed many profess belief in ""one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church"" - many Protestants insisted on referring to the Catholic Church as simply the Roman Church. There is also an historical confusion with the Holy Roman Empire, which was a political kingdom unrelated to the Church. + Since there is no ""official"" name of the Church (it is simply the Church!), we must rely on common usage. Both historically and around the globe, the overwhelming usage of Catholics is to refer to the Church as the Catholic Church. Please update Wikipedia's terminology to reflect both fact and common usage as well as self-identified consensus. + Sincerely, + mnewhous + Now that we have size options, including newest ""400px"" option, for image display, we should respect people's image preferences per . Somehow, the model of using ""px"" in infoboxes is detrimental to others wanting to see a big (or small) image initially. Perhaps we should change settings from px to image size percentage/upright. Agree? -- ( ) 06:46, 23 September 2015 (UTC) + It's already bad that has different flag widths, just because it was preferred to have a standard height (if I'm not mistaken). + If fixed pixel parameters are removed, it would get even worse. -- ( ) 22:59, 24 September 2015 (UTC) + Should {{ }} be able to be removed by the creator? Discuss below. -- ( ) 16:11, 24 September 2015 (UTC) + Recently, the move form has been switched to OOUI. The upload wizard will switch to OOUI next week. The deletion confirmation form (for administrators) should also be switched to OOUI. ( ) 15:58, 25 September 2015 (UTC) + Can someone explain to me what the benefit of ""OOUI"" is? I've read the article linked above, but I fail to see how the new move form is more ""object-oriented"" than the old one. ( ) 14:23, 29 September 2015 (UTC) + My idea is so that we could make search ""fstr"". We already have for , so let us have that prefix. 01:26, 30 August 2015 (UTC) + To: , , , , + We have accomplished the task of creating a visual, scrolling timeline of every Wikipedia article. Of course, not every article is historical in nature. Of the 5,000,000 English Wikipedia articles, our estimates are that around 250,000 could use a decent visual, contemporaneous presentation. That is a lot of timelines. We believe it would be one of the most exciting things to happen to history, on the internet, in a long time. + We have put a (mind blowing) demo together at: + + In regards to potentially placing timelines on select Wikipedia articles. It would be just 1 small SCRIPT tag and 1 small DIV tag, per Wikipedia article. + It is surprisingly simple to do now. + All I am asking for is a Wikipedia server to install this on. Wikipedia would, of course, have complete authentication authority over this server. This will take less than one day to do. + OR: + I could give Wikipedia.org authentication authority over my ""Amazon Web Services"" server and Wikipedia would give me permission to use it (I will even pay for it). + Then we can test it on 1 Wikipedia.org article and see what happens. + We cannot believe how well this turned out. We can't stop timelining Wikipedia articles, it is so compelling and fun. + I forgot to mention. This whole thing is NEW. Nobody has ever seen this as of today (making timelines out of Wikipedia articles). We have only shown this technology to like 3 other people. + Thanks +Jeff Roehl + David = , + Yes, I would like to get the data from wherever Wikipedia is getting it. If we could get this to run on the same rackspace as the core of Wikipedia. That would be super-fast. And it would be very inexpensive, not taking any TCP/IP resources. Could I get the data in HTML? I am not sure if you guys take your Wiki language and immediately parse out the HTML on an article edit/save. My widget is pretty straight forward. It is aware of what page it is on. So if we placed the widget on: + + And the widget was on a LAN at Wikipedia, this could be translated as: + c:\wikidata\articles\Queen_Victoria\index.htm + +Or what ever it is there and serve it out to the user. The key to me is to parse out the current version of the article. So the timeline will exactly match the article every single time. All I need to do is pull the article (locally) and pull the paragraphs out of the article. If I can pull the article in milliseconds, it would be super fast. The slowest part would be serving up the javascript to the widget on the users page. So all I would need is a big outbound pipe. + And I really don't need a lot of diskspace. My biggest worry, in processing millions of timelines a day is deletion of temporary files and releasing that diskspace back to the operating system. Each request for a timeline will produce 5 or so temporary files (SQL output). But those will be deleted within milliseconds after processing. We just have to make sure they are getting deleted. I can set the location of the temporary file location, so we can monitor this. + I may be able to write the system to work with no disk writes (convert all the tables to memory arrays), but that would be a LOT of work. That would be a multi week thing, for sure. So we should leave it the way it is now and see if it ramps up well. + Just my professional assessment, your experience may be different. + Thanks +Jeff Roehl + ( ) 16:01, 14 September 2015 (UTC) + David = , + One more thing. Of course we don't want a timeline loading up on a historical Wikipedia article, every time it is accessed. What we really like is the ""collapseButton"" span tags, usually at the bottom of substantial articles. They are very classy. All we would have to do is add a ""collapseButton"" to the Queen Victoria page and put my SCRIPT tag and DIV tag in there. So when you opened up the ""collapseButton"" the widget JavaScript would be fired off and populate this area with the timeline HTML and JavaScript. + And if we could get my brilliant to fire at that point it would be all ""no worries"" after that. + Of course, the problem with this is the ""collapseButton"" controls are way at the bottom of the Wikipedia pages. I mean WAY down at the bottom. Below the Citations. And that is not good for ""our team"". Then again, timelines in Wikipedia may be so compelling that everybody might know where they are, by word of mouth, within a short time. + Thanks +Jeff Roehl + ( ) 17:07, 14 September 2015 (UTC) + Yes not much has happened. Rome wasn't built in a day. All we are requesting is 1 computer to display 1 timeline on 1 Wikipedia article. And then we might see where this goes. We have a 6 month period of time chunked out right now where we can focus on this. From 15 October 2015 to 15 March 2015, possibly 8 hours a day or 1000 hours (if not total hours of work, but our undivided attention and full measure of our devotion). I can't guarantee resources like this will be available after that. I think timelines would be much better understood if we could place a timeline on 10 Wikipedia pages. Then we could debate this content and then possibly take a consensus vote on inclusion. Some articles make better timelines than others and consensus would dictate inclusion in any article. + All we need is 1 server that ""The Foundation"" has administrative privileges/authentication on, whether that is a server we pay for or not. That is not a very big first step. + We are also going to write a grant application for this and related endeavors (also within the scope of the 1000 hours mentioned above). Any help with this would also be greatly appreciated. So anybody who knows of any organizations issuing grants for ""Comparative History"" or history in general, give us a heads up on that. + Thanks +Jeff Roehl ( ) 18:42, 18 September 2015 (UTC) + Who would make the decision to put 1 timeline on 1 article in Wikipedia? + Thanks +Jeff Roehl ( ) 17:11, 23 September 2015 (UTC) + Ok, lets go back a step. + Who would make a decision to allow me to install and configure a Wikipedia server with my timelining widget software backend? + ( ) 15:20, 27 September 2015 (UTC) + Thankyou . I will have my guys look into this. Doing something like this, you never know until somebody tells you how things work. + ( ) 14:52, 30 September 2015 (UTC) + And we took the demonstration site down for now. ( ) 15:52, 30 September 2015 (UTC) + The Arbitration Committee is currently examining several reforms of the Audit Subcommittee and asks for community input on how they would like to see the Subcommittee function in the future. Because of this, the current Audit Subcommittee (AUSC) members' terms are hereby extended to 23:59, 30 September 2015 (UTC). + For the Arbitration Committee, -- | 02:10, 5 September 2015 (UTC) + When you attempt to create a description page here for an image that's on Commons, you're presented with the message from , basically a little warning of ""This image is on Commons, so please don't create this page"", and a link to the Commons URL is provided. See for an example of this message in use. I went to WP:HD asking how to change the URL. Right now, when you go to and try to edit its page, the URL in the message is , while I was planning to edit the MediaWiki page so that it instead went to , the edit page instead of the description page. gave me the code, but he also opposed the idea, so I'm not going to make the change without chatting here first. + Change the URL in the MediaWiki page so that it sends you directly to the screen to edit the Commons description page, rather than sending you to the page itself. My rationale was ""it seems reasonable that the typical person editing the page was intending to edit the Commons page, so it will save a step by sending them directly to the edit page instead of making them detour through the description page."" PrimeHunter opposed with ""[the local file] is missing several features on [the Commons description page] such as Commons categories, section edit links, History tab, and links to the uploader and their contributions...I don't like the idea of cross-wiki edit links. I think users should at least view a wiki before trying to edit it. I wouldn't want Commons or other wikis to have direct edit links to us."" + So which is it? Should we change the link as I want it, or keep it unchanged, or modify some other way? ( ) 00:33, 2 October 2015 (UTC) + When an administrator moves a page, an existing talk page under the new title should be deleted if the ""Move associated talk page"" box is checked. Also, existing subpages of the new title should be deleted if the ""Move subpages"" box is checked, and if the ""Move associated talk page"" box is checked, also subpages of the talk page. ( ) 14:33, 1 October 2015 (UTC) + Giving a courtesy link to the poll. 10:30, 3 October 2015 (UTC) + When renaming a user, existing user pages, user talk pages, and their subpages under the new username should be properly deleted with (on each individual wiki) for the reason. Currently, the existing pages have no deletion log and the moves are ""over redirect"". ( ) 03:49, 7 October 2015 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Purple_arrow_right.svg/20px-Purple_arrow_right.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Symbol_merge_vote.svg/17px-Symbol_merge_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/17px-Symbol_question.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/25px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)/Archive_127
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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Nervous system - Wikipedia,"The of an coordinates the activity of the , monitors the , constructs and processes input from the and initiates . + This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 57 pages are in this category, out of 57 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nervous_system
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Voting theory - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 82 pages are in this category, out of 82 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Voting_theory
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Speculative evolution - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 38 pages are in this category, out of 38 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Speculative_evolution
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 155,313 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Business organizations based in Europe by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 50 subcategories, out of 50 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Business_organizations_based_in_Europe_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Kardecist spiritism - Wikipedia,"or is a and doctrine established in in the mid-19th century by writer and educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (a.k.a. ). Kardec considered his doctrine to derive from a perspective. He described a cycle by which a spirit supposedly returns to material existence after the death of the old body in which it dwelled, as well as the evolution it undergoes during this process. Kardecism emerged as a in tandem with spiritualism, the notions and practices associated with spiritual communication disseminated throughout and since the 1850s. + Kardec coined the term in 1857 and defined it as ""the doctrine founded on the existence, manifestations, and teachings of spirits"". Kardec claimed that spiritism combines scientific, philosophical, and religious aspects of the tangible universe and what he described as the universe beyond transcendence. After observing , a kind of seance, he was intrigued that the tables seemed to move despite lacking muscles and that they tables seemed to provide answers without having a brain, the spiritualist claims being ""It is not the table that thinks! It is us, the souls of the men who have lived on Earth."" Kardec also focused his attention on a variety of other claims such as ""incorporation"" and mediumship. + Kardecist doctrine is based on five basic works, known as the , published between 1857 and 1868. The codification consists of , , , , and . Additionally, there are the so-called complementary works, such as , , and . Its followers consider spiritism a doctrine focused on the moral improvement of humanity and believe in the existence of a single God, the possibility of useful communication with spirits through mediums, and reincarnation as a process of spiritual growth and divine justice. + According to the International Spiritist Council, spiritism is present in 36 countries, with over 13 million followers, being most widespread in , where it has approximately 3.8 million followers, according to the data from the , and over 30 million sympathizers, according to the . Spiritists are also known for influencing and promoting a movement of social assistance and philanthropy. The doctrine has had a strong influence on various other religious currents, such as , , and the . + The term was created by the French educator (known as Allan Kardec) to specifically name the body of ideas systematized by him in (1857). + To designate new things, new terms are needed. This is required by the clarity of language in order to avoid the confusion inherent in the variety of meanings of the same words. The words spiritual, spiritualist, spiritualism have a well-defined meaning. To give them another meaning, to apply them to the doctrine of Spirits, would be to multiply the already numerous causes of . (...) Whoever believes to have something within themselves beyond matter, is a spiritualist. However, it does not follow that they believe in the existence of Spirits or in their communications with the visible world. Instead of using the words spiritual, spiritualism, we employ, to indicate the belief we have just referred to, the terms Spiritist and Spiritism, whose form recalls the origin and the radical sense and which, for that reason, have the advantage of being perfectly intelligible, leaving to the word its own meaning. However, the use of the term, whose root is common to various Western nations of Latin origin or Anglo-Saxon, quickly led to its incorporation into everyday usage to designate everything related to the alleged communication with spirits. Thus, today the term refers to various religious and philosophical doctrines that assert the survival of spirits after the death of the body, and primarily in the possibility of communicating with them, either casually or deliberately, through evocations or spontaneously. + The term is repudiated by some followers of the doctrine who reserve the word solely for the doctrine as codified by Kardec, affirming that there are no different branches within , and they refer to believers of various currents as . These followers believe that spiritism, as a doctrinal body, is singular, making the use of the term redundant. Thus, those who adhere to the teachings codified by Kardec in the basic works (with varying degrees of tolerance for concepts that are not strictly doctrinal, such as ) simply identify themselves as , without the addition of . The works themselves disapprove of the use of other expressions like , stating that the codified teachings, in their essence, are not linked to the unique figure of a man, as is the case with or , but rather to a collective of spirits whom they believe manifested themselves through various at that historical moment and were expected to continue communicating, thus keeping the doctrinal body in a constant evolutionary process. However, another portion of followers considers the use of the term appropriate. + These expressions emerged from the need of some to distinguish spiritism (as originally defined by Kardec) from religions such as . The latter, discriminated against and persecuted at various times in Brazilian history, began to identify themselves as spiritists (at one point with the support of the ), in an effort to legitimize and consolidate the religious movement, due to the existing proximity between certain concepts and practices of it and Kardec's spiritism. + Alexander Moreira de Almeida still attempts this legitimation, even calling Kardec's approach ""revolutionary."" However, the current scientific consensus considers a , disregarding the alleged paranormal phenomena that underpin spiritism, such as mediumship, reincarnation, , , , , , and . Critics of pseudoscience even define parapsychology as a ""perversion"", as parapsychologists claim that science cannot be the only privileged field that is exempt from the explanations they defend. (mesmerism) is also present in spiritist teachings, with constant references to mesmeric concepts such as magnetic fluids. According to this hypothesis, some people could perform healings through ""fluids"". However, the animal magnetism hypothesis is considered pseudoscientific, as scientists have known since the second half of the 18th century that the alleged healings were purely psychosomatic, achieved through , without any involvement of ""fluids"" or animal magnetism. + According to , citing the claims of about scientists confirming the alleged spiritual phenomena for 30 years, the mediums deceived the researchers. He considers that these deceptions led to the arrogant language of spiritualist literature. + An article published in the British skeptical magazine also criticizes Spiritism for its association with , parapsychology, animal magnetism, and other pseudosciences. + Kardec taught that ""the teaching of the Spirits is eminently Christian."" In , it is stated that Spiritism is ""the only truly Christian tradition."" Spiritist writers such as José Reis Chaves and Severino Celestino da Silva also claim that reincarnation was part of early Christianity until it was condemned by the . This controversial thesis was popularized even earlier by Leslie Weatherhead but has also been questioned based on statements from the Church Fathers and the lack of references to reincarnation during that Council. Agnostic scholar claims that evidence that early Christians believed in reincarnation is scant. Christian theologian claims that there is no evidence of reincarnation in the Bible. According to him, the famous text in John 9:2–3 reflects the rabbinic belief in prenatal sins, according to which a fetus could commit sin before birth, but not at reincarnation. He also dismisses other texts generally cited in support of reincarnation. + The qualification of Spiritism itself as Christian has also generated controversy. Dr. Antônio Flávio Pierucci, professor at the Department of Sociology at the (USP) and scholar of Brazilian religiosity, is one of those who affirm that Spiritism is ""not a Christian religion."" There are no historical Christian doctrines within Spiritism, present in its main branches, such as the , the , the inspiration of the , and redemption. Due to these differences, many scholars consider it a form of neo-Christianity. However, Spiritist writers argue that Spiritism is Christian because it promotes the teaching of loving one's neighbor. + According to followers and sympathizers of Spiritist doctrine, mediumistic phenomena is universal and has always existed, including abundant accounts in the Bible. Among others, Spiritists cite biblical mediumistic examples, such as Moses' prohibition of ""consulting the dead"", which would be evidence of the Jewish belief in this possibility, since something unrealizable is not prohibited; the consultation of , the first king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, with the , in 1 Samuel 28, who sees and hears the disembodied spirit of , the last of the judges of Israel and the first of the prophets recorded in the history of his people; and the communication of with and on Mount Tabor in the ( ). + Ancient philosophy also provides examples: in , he speaks about the daimon or genius that accompanied . + Many Spiritists adopt March 31, 1848 (the beginning of the mediumistic events at the residence of the in Hydesville, US) as the initial milestone of modern mediumistic manifestations, allegedly more ostensive and frequent than ever before, which led many researchers to delve into such phenomena. + During the 19th century, there was a great wave of manifestations of mediumship in the United States and Europe. These manifestations consisted mainly of strange noises, knocks on furniture, and objects that moved or floated without any apparent cause, as in the case of "" "". The supposed case of the Fox sisters in the United States stood out in the late 1840s. + The true Spiritist is not the one who believes in the manifestations, but the one who benefits from the teachings given by the Spirits. Belief is of no use if it does not make one take a step forward on the path of progress and make one better towards their neighbor. Regarding his background, Kardec was a disciple of and a member of various academic societies. His main intention as a Spiritist was to provide some support to human spirituality at a time when science was advancing rapidly and religions were losing more and more followers. Kardec believed he had found a new way of thinking about reality that would bring together, in a balanced way, the rising science and the declining religion. He analyzed accounts of numerous mediumistic occurrences spread throughout Europe and the United States, unifying the information he interpreted in order to codify this type of practice and the teachings transmitted. + Let us prove to them that, thanks to the teachings of those they call demons, we understand the sublime morality of the Gospel, which is summed up in the love of God and our fellow men, and in universal charity. Let us embrace all of humanity, without distinction of worship, race, origin, and, even more so, family, wealth, and social status. Let them know that our God, the God of the Spiritists, is not a cruel and vengeful tyrant who punishes a moment of folly with eternal torments, but a good and merciful father who watches over his wayward children with constant solicitude, seeking to draw them to himself through a series of tests designed to cleanse them of all impurities. The first manifestations of table-turning observed by Kardec involved tables lifting and knocking, using one of their legs, a determined number of knocks to respond or as agreed upon, to a proposed question. + Despite the belief that supposed or were moving the tables, 's scientific experiments published in 1853 showed that the movements were caused by the and dismissed paranormal explanations for the phenomenon of table-turning. The ideomotor effect also causes the movements observed in the so-called and the ""cup game"", in which participants involuntarily move markers over letters and numbers and also attribute the movements to supposed or . + Analyzing these phenomena, Kardec concluded that there was nothing convincing about this method for skeptics because they could believe in an effect of electricity, whose properties were little known to the science of that time. Methods were then used to obtain more elaborate responses through the letters of the alphabet: the table knocking a certain number of times would correspond to the sequential number of each letter, thus forming words and sentences in response to the proposed questions. Kardec concluded that the precision of the answers and their correlation with the questions could not be attributed to chance. He also questioned the possibility of a muscular hypothesis (such as the ideomotor effect) being the cause of all the alleged movements and messages of the table-turning or other mechanical productions. The mysterious being who responded in this way, when questioned about its nature, declared that it was a or , gave its name, and provided various information about itself. Eventually, the phenomenon decreased in popularity and became anecdotal. + , during his exile on the island of Jersey (1851–1855), participated in numerous table-turning sessions with his friend Auguste Vacquerie and came to believe that he had made contact with deceased spirits, including his daughter Léopoldine (who had died by drowning) and great writers such as , , , and . Faced with experiences with table-turning, Hugo converted to spiritualism, and in 1867 called for science to pay attention to and take seriously the phenomena of table-turning: + The table that turns or speaks has been greatly ridiculed. Let us speak plainly. This mockery is unjustifiable. To replace examination with contempt is convenient but unscientific. We believe that the elementary duty of Science is to verify all phenomena because if Science ignores them, it has no right to laugh at them. A wise person who laughs at what is possible is very close to being an idiot. Let us be reverent before the possible, whose limits no one knows; let us be attentive and serious in the presence of the superhuman, from which we come and to which we are heading. Founded on April 18, 1857, with the publication of , Spiritism was structured based on alleged dialogues established with disembodied spirits that, by manifesting through mediums, expounded on scientific, religious, and philosophical topics from the perspective of Christian morality, that is, with the principle of love for one's neighbor, bringing to light new perspectives on various subjects of great philosophical and theological relevance. Thus, one of the basic precepts of Spiritism was established, which is the importance of charity, (Motto: ), understood as benevolence towards all, indulgence towards the imperfections of others, and forgiveness of offenses. + The Spiritist doctrine aims to establish a dialogue between science, philosophy, and religion, with the goal of obtaining an original form that is both more comprehensive and profound, in order to better understand reality. Kardec synthesizes the concept with the famous phrase: ""Unshakable faith is only the one that can confront reason face to face in all epochs of humanity."" + According to the Spiritist philosopher Herculano Pires, ""Spiritist Philosophy, as Kardec said, generically belongs to what we usually call Spiritualist Philosophy because its view of the Universe is not limited to Matter but extends to Spirit, which it considers as the cause of everything we perceive in the material plane. Embracing in its cosmological interpretation Spiritist Science and resulting in Spiritist Religion, Spiritist Philosophy encompasses the entire doctrine."" + The Spiritist doctrine, in general, is based on the following points (principles): + Additionally, secondary characteristics can be mentioned: + Spiritism does not have an official symbol and prioritizes a denotative language. However, the vine branch depicted in – the only engraving used by Kardec in the Spiritist Codification – is considered by the doctrine as the perfect metaphorical image of the relationship between the spirit and the human body, due to this passage: + Below are some of the main works published by Allan Kardec: + The work was published in 1857 and contains the fundamental principles of Spiritist Doctrine. , or , was published in 1861 and discusses the experimental and investigative nature of Spiritism, seen as a theoretical and methodological tool to understand a ""new order of phenomena"" that had never been considered by scientific knowledge: the so-called spiritist or mediumistic phenomena, which were believed to be caused by the intervention of spirits in physical reality. + The book , published in 1864, evaluates the canonical gospels from the perspective of Spiritist Doctrine, addressing the application of Christian moral principles and religious matters such as the practice of worship, prayer, and charity with special attention. + The work , or , was published in 1865 and consists of two parts: in the first part, Kardec critically examines philosophical contradictions and inconsistencies with scientific knowledge, which he believes can be overcome through Spiritist paradigm of reasoned faith. Topics covered include: causes of the fear of death, why Spiritists do not fear death, heaven, the Christian hell imitated from the pagan one, limbo, purgatory, doctrine of eternal punishments, penal code of the afterlife, angels, the origin of the belief in demons. The second part contains dozens of dialogues that purportedly took place between Kardec and various spirits, in which they recount their impressions from the afterlife. + The book , published in 1868, addresses various philosophical and scientific questions, such as the creation of the universe, the formation of worlds, the emergence of the spirit, and the nature of so-called miracles, according to the Spiritist paradigm of understanding reality. + The book , published in 1859, serves as an introductory and didactic work on Spiritism. + The periodical (in Portuguese, ), dedicated exclusively to Spiritism-related topics, was founded by Kardec and directed by him until his death in 1869. It has had the participation of several prominent figures in the doctrine and is currently published quarterly. + The work , published posthumously in January 1890 by the directors of the Parisian Society of Spiritist Studies, is a compilation of unpublished writings by Kardec, with annotations about the behind-the-scenes of the creation of the doctrine, aiding its understanding. + The scientific investigation of the facts and causes of alleged mediumistic phenomena is the subject of intense study, mainly within the pseudoscience of parapsychology. Scientific investigations on mediumship and other ""spiritual phenomena"" advocated by Spiritism have taken place/take place even within the academic setting, but although many scientists, including renowned ones, have claimed to have provided evidence for the existence of such phenomena in their research through the , the existence of spirits is neither established nor proven. + Mediumship has been studied by scientists and scholars for more than a century. + Many scientists and intellectuals have dedicated themselves to investigations of mediumship and its implications for the , including: Kardec, , Alexandre Aksakof, , , , Cesare Lombroso, , , , Hans Eysenck, , , , , James H. Hyslop, , , , , , , , , , and William McDougall. + The , , , and have sections dedicated to religion and spirituality. + The relationship between Spiritism itself and medicine is profound, as evidenced by its presence in many spiritist books and the existence of the International Spiritist Medical Association, which brings together medical-spiritist associations from various countries. Spiritism constitutes a vast international movement of charity and healthcare institutions, as evidenced mainly by the existence of such associations, numerous hospitals and spiritist centers, and a notable promotion of and . + Dr. Adolfo Bezerra de Menezes, a spiritist and physician, wrote the classic book (Insanity from a New Perspective), seeking to relate the issue of mental disorders to Spiritism and promote the application of more effective treatment methods in the field of mental health. + Currently, psychiatrist and parapsychologist Alexander Moreira-Almeida, coordinator of the ""Section on Spirituality, Religiosity, and Psychiatry"" of the World Psychiatric Association, is one of the leading figures in the scientific study of the relationship between health and spiritual experiences, especially mediumship. + There is no consensus among Spiritists as to whether Spiritism is a religion or not, despite the doctrine being classified as a religion in demographic surveys. This is due to the triple aspect of Spiritism, which allows it to be classified as a doctrine that aligns ""science-philosophy-religion"". In the preamble of the book (What is Spiritism?), Kardec states that ""Spiritism is, at the same time, a science of observation and a philosophical doctrine. As a practical science, it consists of the relations established between us and the Spirits; as a philosophy, it encompasses all the moral consequences that emanate from these same relations."" Some still contest the religious aspect of Spiritism; however, in the book published by its codifier, titled (Spiritism in its simplest expression), he clearly asserts: ""From a religious point of view, Spiritism is based on the fundamental truths of all religions: God, the soul, immortality, rewards and punishments in the afterlife, but it is independent of any particular cult. Its goal is to prove to those who deny or doubt that the soul exists, that it survives the body, and that it experiences, after death, the consequences of the good and evil deeds committed during corporeal life: the goal of all religions."" Kardec also clarifies that Spiritism is a religion in the Opening Address of the Annual Commemorative Session of the Day of the Dead (Society of Paris, November 1, 1868), where he states: + If that is the case, you may ask, is Spiritism a religion? Well, yes, undoubtedly, gentlemen! In the philosophical sense, Spiritism is a religion, and we take pride in it because it is the doctrine that establishes the bonds of fraternity and communion of thoughts, not on a mere convention, but on more solid foundations: the very laws of Nature. At the International Spiritist Congress held in Paris in 1925, there was a proposal to remove the religious aspect from Spiritism, but the important French Spiritist philosopher opposed it with tenacity, even in his already weak physical condition of health. According to Denis, Spiritism was not the ""religion of the future"" but rather the ""future of religions"". + On the other hand, the Spiritist Doctrine affirms respect for all religions and doctrines, values all efforts for the practice of good, and claims to work for fraternity and peace among all peoples and all men, although it firmly rejects, it must be reiterated, fundamental dogmas of other monotheistic religions. In the case of Christianity, the fundamental dogmas that stand out are the divinity of Christ, the Holy Trinity, salvation or justification by grace (more than by individual works or efforts), and the existence and importance of the Church as a spiritual entity, not just human. + The Spiritist doctrine adopts Christian morality despite its differentiated theological conceptions. According to Spiritists, the name given to the followers of Spiritism, Jesus Christ is the most elevated spirit to have ever incarnated on Earth. + Spiritists (a widely used translation during the early decades of the 20th century for the French neologism ) or Spiritists consider themselves Christians and attribute to Spiritist doctrine the character of a Christian doctrine since they consider themselves followers of the moral teachings of Jesus. Spiritists base their defense of the Christian character of Spiritist doctrine on the fact that Allan Kardec argued that Christian morality, free from the dogmas of faith associated with it, would be the closest thing to a divine and rational code of ethics that humans possess. Spiritists argue that the dogmas were elaborated over the centuries by the Catholic Church and therefore it is not necessary to follow them to be a Christian. Furthermore, item 625 of states that Jesus is the greatest moral example available to humanity, although Spiritism denies any genuinely divine nature to him. + The are nine teachings that Jesus delivered in the , according to the New Testament ( ). For Spiritism, these teachings are of great importance, and they will now be presented from the Spiritist perspective. + . According to Spiritism, Jesus promises the kingdom of heaven to the simple and humble, referring to the moral qualities of the individual. + . According to Spiritism, only in the afterlife can the compensations that Jesus promises to the afflicted on Earth be fulfilled. Faith in the future can console and instill patience in the spirit that endures the various terrestrial anomalies with calmness and resignation. However, it does not justify the causes of the diversity of evils, inequalities between vice and virtue, deformities, and natural disasters. The vicissitudes of life can be divided into two parts according to the Spiritist perspective: some have their explanations in the present life, while others are found outside of this life. This latter cause, in the Spiritist view, is explained by the plurality of existences in which the incarnated spirit pays for the evils it has committed in previous lives. + The purity of the heart resembles the principle of simplicity and humility, excluding all ideas of pride and selfishness. According to Spiritism, the emblem of purity that Jesus takes in relation to children should not be taken literally, "" (Mark 10:13-15). The spirit of the child, not yet able to manifest its tendencies towards evil, represents momentarily the image of innocence and purity resembling pure spirits. However, the actions [good or bad] taken by the spirit before incarnating gradually reflect in its behavior as an incarnated spirit. Therefore, as the incarnated spirit develops its physical structure, it also develops its psychic structure, which exhibits behavioral characteristics corresponding to the real conduct of the spirit itself. + . According to Spiritism, Jesus makes meekness, moderation, gentleness, affability, and patience a law. + Mercy consists of forgiving offenses, and for Spiritism, the sacrifice that pleases God the most is reconciliation with adversaries, as stated in Matthew 5:23-24. + According to Spiritism, all Christian morality is summarized in this axiom: + The is a public utility entity founded on January 2, 1884, in Rio de Janeiro. It is a civil, religious, educational, cultural, and philanthropic society whose purpose is the study, practice, and dissemination of Spiritism in all its aspects, based on the works of Allan Kardec's and the canonical Gospels. + The (ISC) is an organization resulting from the union of representative associations of national Spiritist movements and currently has 35 associated countries. It was constituted on November 28, 1992, in Madrid, Spain. Its objectives are the promotion of fraternal union among Spiritist institutions in all countries and the unification of the worldwide Spiritist movement; the promotion of the study and dissemination of Spiritist Doctrine in its three basic aspects: scientific, philosophical, and religious; and the promotion of the practice of material and moral charity as taught by Spiritist Doctrine. The main event organized by the ISC is the World Spiritist Congress, held every three years. + The , founded on October 5, 1946, in Argentina, is an international institution that mainly brings together Spiritists from Latin America. CEPA has adherent and affiliated institutions in various countries and defends a view of Spiritism. The organization takes controversial positions among Spiritists, such as the dissociation between the doctrine and Christianity and the need to update Spiritism in light of science. Since October 13, 2000, the headquarters of CEPA has been in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. CEPA's activities in Brazil are primarily carried out through events promoted by adherent institutions, such as the Forum of Free Thinking Spiritists and the Brazilian Symposium on Spiritist Thought. + From 1857, the year of the release of , to 1869, the year of Kardec's death, Spiritism gained 7 million followers. According to data from 2005, Spiritism has about 13 million followers worldwide, and according to data from 2010, – the country with the most followers – has about 3.8 million Spiritists. The International Spiritist Council (CEI) has 36 member countries. Another international Spiritist organization, the Pan American Spiritist Confederation, brings together Spiritist institutions and delegates from 13 countries. + Spiritism arrived in in 1865 according to the Brazilian Spiritist Federation (FEB), although there are differing opinions on this matter. as reported below: + Although since 1853 the country's newspapers already reported family gatherings for the production of of , the Spiritism codified by only arrived in Brazil around 1860 with the first copies of . It was in the year 1860 that the first Spiritist book published in Brazil appeared: (""The Times Have Come""), by French professor Casimir Lieutuad, a pioneering work that paved the way for the introduction of in Brazil. Through Bezerra de Menezes and , Spiritism had the opportunity to become popular throughout the country, spreading its teachings across a large part of the Brazilian territory. Brazil is the country with the largest number of Spiritists worldwide. However, in the 19th century, the penal code of 1890 even banned the practice of Spiritism in Brazil and punished those who practiced the ""crime"" with up to 6 months in prison. Although socially tolerated, especially after the actions of the Brazilian Spiritist Federation (FEB) in the first decades of the 20th century, the practice ceased to be officially prohibited only with the promulgation of the penal code of 1940. The FEB congregates approximately ten thousand Spiritist institutions, spread across all regions of the country. There are also several Brazilian Spiritist associations for specific professions, such as the Brazilian Medical-Spiritist Association, Brazilian Association of Spiritist Psychologists, Brazilian Association of Spiritist Judges, Brazilian Association of Spiritist Artists, and Crusade of Spiritist Military. + According to the Brazilian Census of 2010, Brazil had about 3.8 million Spiritists. The state capitals with the highest percentage of Spiritists are (7.3%), (7.1%), (5.9%), (4.7%), (4.3%), (4.0%), (3.6%), (3.6%), (3.5%), and (3.5%). The considers the terms and as equivalents in its census classification. + As the third-largest religious group in Brazil, Spiritists also have the highest income and education levels among social segments, according to data from the same Census. Spiritists are strongly associated with acts of charity. They maintain , orphanages, schools for the underprivileged, daycares, and other institutions for assistance and social promotion in all Brazilian states. is a well-known and respected figure in Brazil. He is the most read French author in the country, with his books selling more than 25 million copies throughout the Brazilian territory. If we count other Spiritist books, all derived from the works of Kardec, the Brazilian Spiritist publishing market surpasses 4,000 titles already published and over 100 million copies sold. The Spiritist theme constitutes the most successful literary market in Brazil, with Spiritist books leading the bestseller lists in the country's main bookstores. According to the 2010 census, Spiritism experienced significant growth from 2000 to 2010, with an increase of over 60% in followers, going from 2.3 million to 3.8 million followers, with the majority of them being between 50 and 59 years old (3.1%) and having the highest literacy rate (98.6%), the highest percentage of individuals with a completed university education (31.5%), and income above 5 minimum wages (19.7%), as well as the lowest percentage of individuals with no education (1.8%) and with incomplete primary education (15.0%). + After the legalization of , there was a revival of Spiritism, which had been present in the Caribbean country since the 19th century. According to data from the Ministry of Religions, in 2011, there were 400 Spiritist centers in , with an additional 200 being registered, making Cuba the second most Spiritist country in the world in terms of the number of centers. The Cuban Medical-Spiritist Association has the highest number of activists in the International Medical-Spiritist Association. + In , one of the great pioneers of Spiritism was , VIII Marquis of Flórida and X Lord of Algarrobo y Bormujos, who presented a bill for the official teaching of Spiritism, reading it on August 26, 1873. + In the decades of 1850–1860, Spiritism reached , attracting the intellectual elite with its proposals of , reform, and of free thought. General Refugio Indalecio González translated works by Kardec, publishing in Spanish in 1872 in Mexico and, under the direction of the Sociedad Espírita Central de la República Mexicana, circulated spiritist magazines. Among others, there was also the initial dissemination by Nicolás Pizarro Suárez. In 1875, attention to Spiritism became heated in when, in a reaction after publications in the press, a debate was held between materialist and spiritualist students at the Liceo Hidalgo and Teatro del Conservatorio, considered by Zenia Yébenes Escardó as ""the first philosophical controversy that was considered as such in Mexico."" In addition to its academic presence, popular Spiritism emerged, incorporating indigenous practices and local cults, with a strongly present folkloric imagery in the figure of , a spiritual healer who was supported by the spiritist . The feminist Laureana Wright, an already renowned writer, converted to Spiritism in 1889 to promote the debate of thought and women's equality, inspired by examples of female emancipation that she observed in other countries, and started holding sessions attended by various public figures, later becoming the president of the Sociedad Espírita Central. Spiritist groups emerged in various locations, and after a brief decline at the end of the 19th century, attention on Spiritism intensified in the early 20th century through press coverage after , who promoted it through works he distributed, organized congresses, and, inspired by allegedly psychographed letters, published a book that promoted the , becoming the president of Mexico for a short period until he was assassinated. + Since the 19th century, particularly in France and Brazil, there have been conflicts of opinion among Spiritists, mistakenly referred to as ""Kardecists,"" and the so-called ""Roustainguists,"" regarding the acceptance or rejection of the postulates of the work , coordinated by Jean-Baptiste Roustaing, especially concerning the genesis of Jesus' body and the spiritual fall, which would cause the first incarnation of the spirits that failed. For Spiritists who accept the Kardec-Roustaing duo, Jesus had a ""fluidic"" body on Earth due to being a pure spirit, and thus, the genesis of that body was by His psychomagnetic will, characterizing Him as an . + On the other hand, Spiritists who do not accept the work , coordinated by Roustaing, believe that Jesus had a material body like any other incarnated human being, and its genesis was also similar, through the fusion of sperm and ovum. + Furthermore, Roustaing's explains that the spirits who failed due to atheism, pride, and selfishness incarnated in primitive worlds as ""fleshy cryptogams"" (creeping animals resembling slugs), which represents the doctrine of , not accepted by Spiritism since the doctrine of reincarnation states that the Spirit only reincarnates in the human kingdom (Humanity). + In the Brazilian city of Santos, a dissenting movement within the Spiritist movement emerged in 1910, which called itself ""Rational and Scientific Christian Spiritism"" and later became known as Christian rationalism, systematized by and Luís Alves Tomás. + In Brazil, since the second half of the 1950s, some Spiritist centers have followed the doctrine allegedly dictated by the spirit Ramatis (mainly embodied in the works psychographed by Hercílio Maes). They differ from traditional Spiritist centers due to a greater emphasis on universalism (common origin of religions) and the comparative study of Western and Eastern spiritualist religions and philosophies. It is also notable for a stronger influence of Eastern thought currents (such as Buddhism and Hinduism) and its proximity to the cosmogony of universalist . + After ending the partnership with medium Chico Xavier in 1968, medium began his own research on the phenomenon called ""consciential projection"" (referred to as ""spiritual unfolding"" in Spiritism). Consequently, in 1987, he systematized the parascientific movement called . + Emerging in Brazil as a dissent within the Spiritist movement since September 2002. While still following Spiritist Doctrine, it claims to do so with greater seriousness than the Brazilian movement itself, which is an argument used for its separation. + Kardec's introductory book on Spiritism, , published only two years after , includes a hypothetical discussion between him and three idealized critics, ""The Critic"", ""The Skeptic"", and ""The Priest"", summing up much of the criticism Spiritism has received. The broad areas of criticism relate to charlatanism, pseudoscience, heresy, witchcraft, and Satanism. Until his death, Kardec addressed these issues in various books and his periodical, the . + Later, the , a competing new religion, saw the Spiritist explanations as too simple or even naïve. + 's influential book criticized both the more general concepts of , which he considered to be a superficial mix of and , as well as Spiritism's specific contributions, such as its belief in what he saw as a , concept of reincarnation distinct from and opposed to its two western predecessors, and . + The Catechism of the Catholic Church (paragraph 2117) states that "" often implies divination or magical practices; the Church, for her part, warns the faithful against it"". + In , Catholic priests and , among others, have written extensively against Spiritism from both a doctrinal and parapsychological perspective. Quevedo, in particular, has sought to show that Spiritism's claims of being a science are invalid. In addition to writing books on the subject, he has also hosted television programs debunking supposed paranormal phenomena, most recently in a series that ran in 2000 on 's news program . Brazilian Spiritist Hernani Guimarães Andrade has, in turn, written rebuttals to these criticisms. + Spiritism has been the subject of various non-literary works, such as soap operas, series, and films. + The Brazilian soap opera (1966), produced by the extinct , was inspired by the spiritist novel psychographed by the Russian medium Vera Kryzhanovskaia. The soap opera (1975), produced by TV Tupi, was inspired by the spiritist novels and psychographed by Chico Xavier, developing a complex plot addressing concepts such as , , spiritual obsession, , and others. Rede Globo conceived a remake of it in 1994. The soap opera (1977), produced by the extinct TV Tupi and also with a conceived in 2006 by Rede Globo, portrays the main character as a medium capable of predicting the future. + More recently, the productions , , , , and also told stories related to Spiritism. + The Brazilian film (1979) was based on the work psychographed by and is the first in the country with a spiritist theme, portraying the tragedy, which left 179 dead and over 300 injured (February 1, 1974). Several other films followed, such as (2006, seen by over 500,000 viewers), (2010, seen by about 3.5 million viewers in theaters), (also in 2010, seen by over 4 million viewers in theaters), among others. + The series (2001), produced by and , addresses paranormal phenomena, near-death experience, , precognition, and . The series is based on the novel , written by , and the film directed by ; + The series (2005), produced by , features a protagonist who uses her mediumship to assist a public prosecutor in solving crimes. The series is based on the life of the American medium Allison DuBois, primarily on her work ; + The miniseries (2010), aired and produced by , portrays the protagonist as a healing medium performing spiritual surgeries; + The series (2011), produced by , tells the story of a renowned widowed surgeon who tries to change his personality after interacting with the spirit of his deceased ex-wife.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/LLDE_cep_vigne.jpg/130px-LLDE_cep_vigne.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Home_and_the_accordion_trick.png/220px-Home_and_the_accordion_trick.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Photo_Kardec.jpg/220px-Photo_Kardec.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Tables_Tournantes_-_L%27Illustration%2C_Paris%2C_14_May_1853_%28page_1_crop%29.jpg/250px-Tables_Tournantes_-_L%27Illustration%2C_Paris%2C_14_May_1853_%28page_1_crop%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Fronton_AK.JPG/220px-Fronton_AK.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_espiritual.gif/310px-Evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_espiritual.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Le_Livre_des_Esprits_2.jpg/170px-Le_Livre_des_Esprits_2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Qu%27est-ce_que.jpg/170px-Qu%27est-ce_que.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hopital_spirite_Andr%C3%A9_Luiz.jpg/220px-Hopital_spirite_Andr%C3%A9_Luiz.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Christianismeetspiritisme.jpg/170px-Christianismeetspiritisme.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/La_religion_spirite001.jpg/170px-La_religion_spirite001.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Si%C3%A8ge_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_spirite_br%C3%A9silienne.jpg/220px-Si%C3%A8ge_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_spirite_br%C3%A9silienne.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Festival_Allan_Kardec_2010_Sao_Paulo_1.jpg/220px-Festival_Allan_Kardec_2010_Sao_Paulo_1.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/I_Congresso_de_Mocidades_Esp%C3%ADritas_do_Brasil_1948.jpg/220px-I_Congresso_de_Mocidades_Esp%C3%ADritas_do_Brasil_1948.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Centre_spirite_Boa_Ventura_Para%C3%ADba.JPG/220px-Centre_spirite_Boa_Ventura_Para%C3%ADba.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Centro_espirita2.jpg/220px-Centro_espirita2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Certid%C3%A3o_nascimento_Roustaing.jpg/220px-Certid%C3%A3o_nascimento_Roustaing.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/2006.07.06.cv.sv.Mindelo.CasaRacionalista.JPG/220px-2006.07.06.cv.sv.Mindelo.CasaRacionalista.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism
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+en.wikipedia.org,MediaWiki:Delete and move reason - Wikipedia,: Deleted to make way for move from,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Delete_and_move_reason
+en.wikipedia.org,President pro tempore of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States - Wikipedia,The is the office that represents the in international 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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Neuroscience - Wikipedia,"is a field of study which deals with the , , , , , and of the . +Neurology, which literally means , is a branch of medicine primarily interested in, but by no means restricted to studying pathology. is another synonym that exists in few languages, but is generally identical when it is not meant as a subcategory. + This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. + The following 160 pages are in this category, out of 160 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuroscience
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Voting - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. + The following 60 pages are in this category, out of 60 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Voting
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Hypothetical life forms - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hypothetical_life_forms
+en.wikipedia.org,8th Street station (San Diego Trolley) - Wikipedia,"is a station on the of the located in . Surrounded by an industrial area, the primary focus of this station is to serve as a , as it is easily accessible from . + 8th Street opened as part of the initial 15.9-mile (25.6 km) ""South Line"" of the San Diego Trolley system on July 26, 1981, operating from north to using the main line tracks of the . + This station was renovated, starting January 20, 2014 as part of the Trolley Renewal Project; it reopened with a renovated station platform in early September 2014. + There are two tracks, each with a . + + This California train station-related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by 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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations based in Europe by subject and country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Europe_by_subject_and_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing Brazilian Portuguese-language text - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles with text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages. + This category should only be added with the {{ }} family of templates, never explicitly. + +For example , which wraps the text with . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 264 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Brazilian_Portuguese-language_text
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in North America - Wikipedia,"This comprises the and of . Place any of the following lines of on to include it in this category: + This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 60 pages are in this category, out of 60 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_North_America
+en.wikipedia.org,MediaWiki talk:Delete and move reason - Wikipedia,"Please change to the following text: + : Deleted to make way for move from + Reason: It provides a trace back to the page move that triggered the automatic deletion. - ❄️ 23:17, 28 March 2023 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/MediaWiki_Namespace.svg/45px-MediaWiki_Namespace.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Delete_and_move_reason
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using infobox official post with unknown parameters - Wikipedia,"This category contains pages transcluding ( ) with unknown parameters (undefined, misspelled, etc.). + Pages are typically sorted alphabetically by the unknown parameter that is used, e.g. pages using unknown parameter will be sorted under ""F"". The name of the page is typically used as a secondary sort key. + + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 766 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_official_post_with_unknown_parameters
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Branches of biology - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 46 subcategories, out of 46 total. + The following 42 pages are in this category, out of 42 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Branches_of_biology
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Parliamentary procedure - Wikipedia,"The category contains articles concerning , , , etc. + This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 95 pages are in this category, out of 95 total. . + The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Parliamentary_procedure
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Life - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Life
+en.wikipedia.org,Talk:8th Street station (San Diego Trolley) - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Symbol_stub_class.svg/35px-Symbol_stub_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg/33px-Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg/70px-Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Train_station.svg/77px-Train_station.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Egypt.Alexandria.Tram.01.jpg/33px-Egypt.Alexandria.Tram.01.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/80px-Flag_of_California.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Southern_California.png/60px-Southern_California.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/80px-Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/20px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:8th_Street_station_(San_Diego_Trolley)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations by subject and country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 66 subcategories, out of 66 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_by_subject_and_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Quibebé - Wikipedia,"( , Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay), (Paraguay, pronounced the same), or ( , Brazil) is a popular dish of semi-sweet stew or purée in , , and the North-Eastern gastronomies. It has a doughy texture and is of creamy consistency. Its taste is very pleasant and the primary ingredient is a fruit that is called by the guarani name, ""andaí"" or ""zapallo anco"" of . The fruit is a that may be elongated or spherical, and its exterior color ranges from green to orange, to reddish. The pulp is orange color (a color that in Guarany would be called ""reddish"", the translation of the term Kiveve), compact, of firm texture, and has a sweet flavor. + Till the second part of the 19th century, it was very usual in the and its area of influence. + The origin of ""kiveve"" is located in . + Traditional ""kiveve"" is made using the following ingredients: a pumpkin or ""andai"" with a deep orange flesh and sweet flavor, cooked and pureed; , a kind of with a consistency between and corn flour ( ), and fresh cheese. It's served mildly warm or already cool in a bowl, each commensal pours in to taste. + The pumpkin is peeled, cubed and boiled in water. When cubes are tender enough the preparation is pureed with a blender or smashed in its own cooking liquid in the same pot, then sugar is added, and finally corn flour is sifted all over the bland puree in the pot while stirring the mixture in the fire, keep stirring for about 10 minutes, or until the corn flour is completely cooked. Fresh cheese finely chopped is added, stir again for a few seconds and retrieve the pot from the fire. Kiveve used to be cooked in clay pots. + This dish is served as a sweet snack or as a dessert. + The name ""kiveve"" comes from the Guaranitical term for a reddish color. Because the ""andai"", the main ingredient of the dessert, has a deep orange color, it was given the name ""kiveve"" (reddish). In fact, in popular slang, the word, ""kiveve"", is used to identify redheaded people.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Calabaza_kivev%C3%A9.JPG/300px-Calabaza_kivev%C3%A9.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cucurbita_maxima_Zapallo_Plomo_semiller%C3%ADa_Costanzi_-_2014_04_02_-_Squash_M_preparing_%22Quibeb%C3%A9%22_1_smashing_cubes_in_the_pot.JPG/200px-Cucurbita_maxima_Zapallo_Plomo_semiller%C3%ADa_Costanzi_-_2014_04_02_-_Squash_M_preparing_%22Quibeb%C3%A9%22_1_smashing_cubes_in_the_pot.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Cucurbita_maxima_Zapallo_Plomo_semiller%C3%ADa_Costanzi_-_2014_04_02_-_Squash_M_preparing_%22Quibeb%C3%A9%22_2.JPG/200px-Cucurbita_maxima_Zapallo_Plomo_semiller%C3%ADa_Costanzi_-_2014_04_02_-_Squash_M_preparing_%22Quibeb%C3%A9%22_2.JPG|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quibeb%C3%A9
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in the landmasses of the Earth - Wikipedia,"This comprises the of . + Place one of the following lines of on your to add it to this category: + This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. + The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/24px-Terra.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/24px-Terra.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/24px-Terra.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/45px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_the_landmasses_of_the_Earth
+en.wikipedia.org,Minister for Police (Victoria) - Wikipedia,"The , the , and the , are in the who have responsibilities which includes conduct and regulation of all police and services agencies and personnel and also deals with operational and event planning issues, and for fire and rescue services, and all ambulance services in , . + The current Minister for Police, since 27 June 2022, is ; the current Minister for Emergency Services, since 23 August 2021, is ; and the current Minister for Ambulance Services, since 27 June 2022, is . + The ministers undertake their work through , the , the , , the , and . + This Victoria (Australia) government-related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Anthony_Carbines.png/200px-Anthony_Carbines.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Victoria.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/VIC_in_Australia_map.png/30px-VIC_in_Australia_map.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_for_Police_(Victoria)
+en.wikipedia.org,User talk:xaosflux - Wikipedia,"-- ( ) 08:02, 10 October 2023 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 23:45, 16 October 2023 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + 23:15, 23 October 2023 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 23:20, 30 October 2023 (UTC) + Hi Xaosflux, thanks for protecting and editing my fork of the Page Curation script. I noticed that you had edited the MediaWiki page to include the script, but I think you might have substituted the wrong link. The fork is of which is linked in the sentence ""A user script for accessing the Page Curation tool is also available"". Could you link it there instead please? All the best and thanks for your IntAdmin work. 19:15, 2 November 2023 (UTC) + Hello! + Any idea what could be going wrong in ? It shows a file broken link but not sure where that is coming from. I've spent like 6 hours checking everything but still have no clue. - ( ) 22:08, 3 November 2023 (UTC) + I've started a revamp of . + Please take a look and let me know if there are any essential techniques or must have tools that you think should be included. + Thank you. + Sincerely, 06:40, 5 November 2023 (UTC) + So, rather than go ahead and kill even more electrons on with the clearly-excessive 37-step repro I have written up, is there way I can convince you to just turn on the gadget (if you have it off), reload your watchlist, and type into a console? Not getting 596 in the results anymore despite having dismissed the RFA message is 95% of the proof, and I suppose I could demonstrate the rest over on testwiki if it's kosher to hand out interface-admin there. — 00:38, 6 November 2023 (UTC) + If you use {{Special:NewPages|namespace=0|limit=1}} you get this result: + +If you inspect its classes you'll see that the talk and contribute links are inside a single class called ""mw-usertoollinks"" but article history and edit are not. The parentheses, space and pipe characters are plain text, outside of the classes themselves. Therefore, if you decide to hide them, like I tried , you'll get left with those characters with no way to target them (JS aside). Is this considered a bug? Can I talk with someone for this to be changed? I can of course just open a phab ticket but not sure how to report the problem in a clear way without using live examples like I did here. - ( ) 12:55, 6 November 2023 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 21:04, 6 November 2023 (UTC) + 22:17, 6 November 2023 (UTC) ( ) 22:17, 6 November 2023 (UTC) + ( ) 22:30, 6 November 2023 (UTC) + from the past month (October 2023). + + + + + + + Howdy. I noticed that a couple years back we got some new tags for the gadgets, like ""default"", ""sister"", etc. I was wondering if there were any relevant discussions about the introduction of those tags that I could look at for some of the reasoning behind introducing them? Thank you. ( ) 22:32, 13 November 2023 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + + 23:50, 13 November 2023 (UTC) + Hello, Xaosflux! + Can you please help me understand and adapt a specific part of {{ }}? I just want to know how the button to ""reset the sandbox"" works. What are those pages and those edit id numbers? What exactly would I need to put for my homewiki if we are using this page as a sandbox: ? - ( ) 11:58, 14 November 2023 (UTC) + Hello @ I have seen that you have interface-admin right here so I am confirmed that you have some knowledge of CSS or JavaScript so can you help adding protected page template to Public Test Wiki. ( ) 12:44, 14 November 2023 (UTC) + Hi + Just wanted to say thanks very much for making me the template on Meta, the request got archived just after you replied so couldn't reply there. + Thanks again + ( ) 13:53, 17 November 2023 (UTC) + 14:10, 17 November 2023 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + 00:53, 21 November 2023 (UTC) + I tried to create a candidacy statement, and I think that my candidacy statement is in some sort of limbo. Do I need to start over, or is there somewhere that I can pick up the pieces and continue the process in the next eight hours? Thank you. ( ) 16:06, 21 November 2023 (UTC) + Dear Xaosflux, Hello, I'm going to accept an draft submission but I saw this topic is already exist in article namespace and redirect to , so, I request to you please delete and I will be able to accept this submission only after this page is deletion, I'm waiting for deletion of this page under . ~~ 14:16, 27 November 2023 (UTC) + (This is a test message. You are getting this, because you are either a coordinator or an electoral commissioner for the Arbitration Committee Elections.) + Hello! Voting in the is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on Monday, 11 December 2023. All are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once. + The is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the . It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose , , editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. + If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review and submit your choices on the . If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + 23:07, 27 November 2023 (UTC) + Hello! Voting in the is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on Monday, 11 December 2023. All are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once. + The is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the . It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose , , editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. + If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review and submit your choices on the . If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + + 23:48, 4 December 2023 (UTC) + I would like to clarify – removal of protection from . Per , it has more than half a million transclusions. It seems that the removal of protection was done by accident. Perhaps it was supposed to be upgraded from template protection (it was protected since ) to full protection? — ( ) 20:45, 7 December 2023 (UTC) + from the past month (November 2023). + + + + + + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + + 02:11, 12 December 2023 (UTC) + The article will be discussed at until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines. + 11:18, 12 December 2023 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 16:16, 18 December 2023 (UTC) + + + 01:55, 22 December 2023 (UTC) + + 01:55, 22 December 2023 (UTC) + + 07:11, 24 December 2023 (UTC) + Thanks for replying, but the page you recommend:: ( ) +is the very one I I get when I click login. And I've never prohibited scripts etc. ( ) 15:07, 28 December 2023 (UTC) + [ ] + Sorry, a little late. + With ""Zebra 1"" the scrolling is OK, i.e. I can scroll down to the bottom. + ( ) 06:02, 30 December 2023 (UTC) + 18:02, 30 December 2023 (UTC) + 18:02, 30 December 2023 (UTC) + Thank you for your contributions to this encyclopedia using 21st century technology. I hope you don't get any unnecessary . 18:56, 31 December 2023 (UTC) + from the past month (December 2023). + + + + + + , Have a prosperous, productive and enjoyable , and thanks for your contributions to Wikipedia. + ( ) 13:58, 1 January 2024 (UTC) + + ( ) 13:58, 1 January 2024 (UTC) + + , Have a prosperous, productive and enjoyable , and thanks for your contributions to Wikipedia. + ( ) 14:31, 1 January 2024 (UTC) + + ( ) 14:31, 1 January 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + 01:18, 9 January 2024 (UTC) + Citing you (from ) that That's what transfer means to my mind when submitting the question and the possibility of it was what I meant to ask. Thanks for ensuring that this is possible. Moreover, I asked about that on because I guessed it's part of Wikipedia policy regarding the transfer possibility. It's not like I was asking if there's a magical button to enable instant transfer that could make me asking about this (possibility of right transfer) on or . ( ) 22:12, 11 January 2024 (UTC) + Hey, yeah sorry my talk page is large. I've been waiting on the mediawiki team working on enhancing talk page experience to roll out automated page management which preserved linking to the topic headers. Possibly that is supported now? Seeing now that my talk page can't be saved, I wouldn't mind the help. I still think this should be solved by the Mediawiki configuration and not by ad-hoc user scripts and bots as this is a core function of communication and linking should be preserved. See my previous note though I'm not opposed to getting some help. I don't have time at the moment to move some of the automated newsletter posts like "" "" and "" "" to their own subpages and probably the largest offenders for space. I don't link to those posts typically, but do reference them and do link to other conversation on and off wiki. I just don't remember where those newsletters are configured to fix where they post and would love if they linked back to manage that so users can find it easier. Sorry for not managing this, I was hoping it would be fixed by the system updating to something that didn't break links and broadly implement pagination. ( ) 19:52, 12 January 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 00:11, 16 January 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + 01:02, 23 January 2024 (UTC) + Hello, Xaosflux + You may have noticed that you have not received any messages from the for over a month. appears to have stopped delivering messages. Until that can be resolved, please pages that interest you, such as . + - ( ) 08:11, 28 January 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + 19:29, 29 January 2024 (UTC) + – ( ) 15:53, 30 January 2024 (UTC) + from the past month (January 2024). + + + + + + + + + Dear Xaosflux, Hi and can you add my account's name on SWMT Whitelist on per my request.😊~~ 14:25, 5 February 2024 (UTC) + Hi, has been reported at AN/I and a month ago , but neither the user or any admin have responded. I think that the user's continuing use of poor sources is a problem and that they should be encouraged to respond to the advice on . I have added some diffs to the latest report. Do you agree or am I expecting too much from them? I posted here because you were on the list of recently active admins. ( ) 15:01, 5 February 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 19:21, 5 February 2024 (UTC) + Hey Xaos! Can you help me with something UI related? + In our Albanian village pump we have these ""windows"", called ""Dritare"", which you can check for yourself , just below the main header. The idea is to have our VP act as a central hub where admins/experienced users can quickly check the main pages of our community through the so-called ""windows"" and interact with them to solve any issues without having to leave the page. This is achieved through section transclusion and it works rather fine on its own. Been using it for quite some months now. I was recently thinking to enhance it by introducing a new feature: ""Non-empty"" windows will have red backgrounds to indicate their backlog status and hopefully draw the attention of interested volunteers. Is there a way you think this can be achieved using only CSS? The problem lies on the ""non-empty"" part because they're never empty per se, having HTML tags and Mediawiki templates in them. I mean ""non-empty"" as in ""not having any sections/issues open"". I'm not sure how to handle targeting in this case or if it is even possible. Maybe that's not achievable using only CSS? - ( ) 11:55, 8 February 2024 (UTC) + On 12 February 2024, was updated with an item that involved the article , which you nominated and updated. If you know of another recently created or updated article suitable for inclusion in ITN, please suggest it on the . — ( ) 10:43, 12 February 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 05:47, 13 February 2024 (UTC) + has been nominated for merging. A discussion is taking place to decide whether it complies with the guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at on the page. Thank you. ( ) 15:33, 18 February 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + 15:35, 19 February 2024 (UTC) + Your feedback is requested at . Thank you for helping out! Message delivered to you with love by :) | Is this wrong? Contact . | Sent at 07:53, 21 February 2024 (UTC) + I have made a phylogeny tree for but I'm facing a couple problems: + 1) I've tried SO HARD lol to get the basal most genus to be bagualosaurus but it doesn't show up :/ + 2) ""Massopoda"" should be sister to unaysauridae + plateosauridae BUT it doesn't wanna budge :/ it's right now sister to unaysauridae only ( ) 14:31, 23 February 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 19:21, 26 February 2024 (UTC) + Only one hour until the voting portion of the Steward elections end! I wanted to give you an early congratulations for the 100% keep ratio. You did a great job last year and I hope you continue with the amazing work! -- ( ) 13:14, 27 February 2024 (UTC) + from the past month (February 2024). + + + + + + + + ...for your wonderful work :) + – ( ) 16:46, 1 March 2024 (UTC) + + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 19:45, 4 March 2024 (UTC) + ( ) 15:28, 8 March 2024 (UTC) + Hi Xaosflux :) I'm looking for people to interview . Feel free to pass if you're not interested. 17:15, 9 March 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + 23:02, 11 March 2024 (UTC) + Hey there! This is to let you know that phase I of the is now . Lots of proposals remain open for discussion, and the current round of review looks to be on a good track towards making significant progress towards improving 's structure and environment. I'd like to give my heartfelt thanks to everyone who has given us their idea for change to make RfA better, and the same to everyone who has given the necessary feedback to improve those ideas. The following proposals remain open for discussion: + To read proposals that were closed as unsuccessful, please see . You are cordially invited once again to participate in the open discussions; when phase I ends, phase II will review the outcomes of trial proposals and refine the implementation details of other proposals. Another notification will be sent out when this phase begins, likely with the first successful close of a major proposal. Happy editing! ( • she/her), via: + ( ) 10:53, 14 March 2024 (UTC) + @ is a sockpuppet pls remove extendedconfirmed rights. @ ( ) 13:01, 15 March 2024 (UTC) + You are invited to join the discussion at . 09:50, 17 March 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 17:38, 18 March 2024 (UTC) + Your feedback is requested at . Thank you for helping out! Message delivered to you with love by :) | Is this wrong? Contact . | Sent at 05:30, 23 March 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + 18:54, 25 March 2024 (UTC) + Good day @ please I would like to delete these redirect pages, some where created unintentionally. Please , and these sanebox doc pages, , and then with Thanks very much. 01:16, 27 March 2024 (UTC) + Hello @ , no one is interested in . Could you please take a look? 12:41, 30 March 2024 (UTC) + from the past month (March 2024). + + + + + + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 03:34, 2 April 2024 (UTC) + About 4 years ago you put protection on this page as a redirect but the notes say it a was removed.. the redirect seems to be active and i was wondering if you could remove the protection? Thanks ( ) 18:26, 4 April 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + 23:35, 8 April 2024 (UTC) + Could you make a similar adjustment on all of the other padlock pages? ( ) 16:08, 10 April 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 23:27, 15 April 2024 (UTC) + Hello @ , may you do me a favor and block me until May 10th? I have a few real-life obligations that Wikipedia is getting in the way of. Thanks! 02:21, 16 April 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 20:26, 22 April 2024 (UTC) + Hey, I can't get any answer @ IRC, I'm working the at CHU/S and go a , if I had this hit at ACC I'd go ahead and create the account, but here (at rename) it seems different, does this request need to go to CHU/U? - 19:35, 24 April 2024 (UTC) + Thank you for your sarcastic response to my mistake. I did not mean to press save on the main page in Rater. ( ) 22:31, 26 April 2024 (UTC) + Latest from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. are available. + + + + + 03:31, 30 April 2024 (UTC) + from the past month (April 2024). + + + + + + + + + Dear Wikimedian, + You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. + This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. + The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please . + Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. + On behalf of the UCoC project team, + 23:10, 2 May 2024 (UTC) + I have a script installed (somewhere) that allows me to click on ""rollback all"". I just invoked it at , and it didn't work. I tried it again in case I misclicked, and it still didn't work. Given that I'm not sure who wrote the script, I'm not sure to whom I should go for help. It might be , but if it is, they haven't edited in over a decade (a shame, it's a pretty username). Can you help? Sorry for my shortcomings in this area.-- ( ) 13:39, 4 May 2024 (UTC) + Hi there! Phase I of the has concluded, with several impactful changes gaining community consensus and proceeding to various stages of implementation. Some proposals will be implemented in full outright; others will be discussed at phase II before being implemented; and still others will proceed on a trial basis before being brought to phase II. The following proposals have gained consensus: + See the for a full list of proposals and their outcomes. A huge thank-you to everyone who has participated so far :) looking forward to seeing lots of hard work become a reality in phase II. ( ), via ( ) 08:09, 5 May 2024 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+en.wikipedia.org,Welfare biology - Wikipedia,"is a proposed cross-disciplinary field of research to study the positive and negative well-being of in relation to their environment. first advanced the field in 1995. Since then, its establishment has been advocated for by a number of writers, including philosophers, who have argued for the importance of creating the research field, particularly in relation to . Some researchers have put forward examples of existing research that welfare biology could draw upon and suggested specific applications for the research's findings. + Welfare biology was first proposed by the , in his 1995 paper ""Towards welfare biology: Evolutionary economics of animal consciousness and suffering"". In the paper, Ng defines welfare biology as the ""study of living things and their environment with respect to their welfare (defined as net happiness, or enjoyment minus suffering)."" He also distinguishes between ""affective"" and ""non-affective"" sentients, affective sentients being individuals with the capacity for perceiving the external world and experiencing pleasure or pain, while non-affective sentients have the capacity for perception, with no corresponding experience; Ng argues that because the latter experience no pleasure or suffering, ""[t]heir welfare is necessarily zero, just like nonsentients"". He concludes, based on his modelling of evolutionary dynamics, that suffering dominates enjoyment in nature. + Matthew Clarke and Ng, in 2006, used Ng's welfare biology framework to analyse the costs, benefits and welfare implications of the of kangaroos—classified as affective sentients—in , Australia. They concluded that while their discussion ""may give some support to the culling of kangaroos or other animals in certain circumstances, a more preventive measure may be superior to the resort to culling"". In the same year, Thomas Eichner and Rüdiger Pethi analyzed Ng's model, raising concern regarding a lack of appropriate determinants of the welfare of organisms because of the infancy of welfare biology. + In 2016, Ng argued that welfare biology could help resolve the paradox within , first raised by , on the difficulty of studying animal feelings, by answering ""difficult questions regarding animal welfare""; in the paper, Ng also offered various practical proposals for improving the welfare of captive animals. and Sayma H. Chowdhury, in response to Ng, argued that rather than focusing on improving the welfare of captive animals, that it would be better to not breed them in the first place, as this would ""eliminate their suffering altogether"". + Ng published an update to his original 1995 paper, with Zach Groff, in 2019, which found an error in his original model, leading to a negation of the original conclusion and a revised conception of the extent of suffering in nature as less pessimistic. + A chapter on welfare biology by the moral philosophers and is included in the 2019 book . In the chapter, they argue that welfare biology could be partially developed from animal welfare science, but its focus would be broader because it wouldn't only focus on studying animals under human control. Faria and Horta also assert that welfare biology could be developed from , with a focus on how the well-being of sentient individuals is affected by their environments. They raise a concern of what they see as the minimization of the importance of animal well-being, caused by widespread speciesist and environmentalist beliefs among life scientists and the general public, which they argue could hamper the development of welfare biology. Faria and Horta conclude that the ""expected value of developing welfare biology is extremely high"" because of the massive extent of , which refutes commonly conceived idyllic conceptions of nature. + Some researchers have emphasised the importance of to welfare biology, as they argue certain traits of life history may predispose certain individuals to worse welfare outcomes and that this has a strong relationship with sensitivity. It has also been suggested that while welfare biology, as a field in its infancy, lacks sufficient empirical studies on the welfare of wild animals, it can make up for this through the use of existing demographic data, currently used to inform , to inform future research efforts. Reviewing the welfare implications of fire on wild animals has been cited as an example of using knowledge drawn from existing ecology studies to establish the field of welfare biology and identify future directions of research. The application of welfare biology to projects has additionally been a subject of investigation, with ""collaboration between local people, conservationists, authorities and policymakers"" suggested as a means of establishing welfare biology as a discipline. + Researchers in have drawn attention to Ng's claim in his original paper that the ""time is ripe for the recognition of welfare biology as a valid field of scientific study"", yet after 25 years, welfare biology as a field of research has yet to take off. + and are two organizations working on promoting the establishment of welfare biology as a field of research. + Catia Faria and Oscar Horta have proposed urban welfare ecology as a subdiscipline of welfare biology, which would study the well-being of animals living in urban, suburban and industrial ecosystems. They suggest that much research has already been carried out on animals in these areas, but with the intention of eliminating their negative impact on humans, or to conserve animals of particular species. Faria and Horta argue that such knowledge can be applied to help mitigate the harms that these animals experience and that such environments are perfect for intervention experiments because such ecosystems are already greatly under human control and that the findings could be applied to improve the assessments of the well-being of animals in other ecosystems. + Some writers in the field of have argued that there are compelling moral reasons to reduce the suffering of sentient individuals and that following this line of reasoning, humans should undertake interventions to reduce the suffering of wild animals; they claim that because ecosystems are not sentient, that they consequently lack the capacity to care about , while arguing that sentient animals do have interests in their welfare. As a result, they argue that there are strong justifications for ecologists to shift their resources currently used for conservation biology, to welfare biology. It has also been asserted that if one is to accept an obligation to undertake systematic and large-scale efforts to help wild animals, that this would first require several important questions to be answered and that large-scale actions should only be carried out after a long phase of successful small-scale trials.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Forrester-Kangaroo-mob.jpg/220px-Forrester-Kangaroo-mob.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Feral_pigeon_%28Columba_livia_domestica%29%2C_2017-05-27.jpg/220px-Feral_pigeon_%28Columba_livia_domestica%29%2C_2017-05-27.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_biology
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Rules - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. + The following 30 pages are in this category, out of 30 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Rules
+en.wikipedia.org,Non-cellular life - Wikipedia,", also known as , is that exists without a structure for at least part of its . Historically, most postulated that an must be composed of one or more cells, but this is for some no longer considered necessary, and modern criteria allow for forms of life based on other structural arrangements. + Viruses were initially described as or , then as ""infectious proteins""; but they possess , a defined structure, and the ability to spontaneously assemble from their constituent parts. This has spurred extensive debate as to whether they should be regarded as fundamentally organic or inorganic — as very small biological or very large biochemical . Without their hosts, they are not able to perform any of the functions of life, such as respiration, growth, or reproduction. Since the 1950s, many scientists have thought of viruses as existing at the border between chemistry and life; a gray area between living and nonliving. + If viruses are borderline cases or nonliving, viroids are further from being living organisms. Viroids are the smallest infectious agents, consisting solely of short strands of circular, single-stranded without protein coats. They are mostly plant pathogens and some are animal pathogens, from which some are of commercial importance. Viroid genomes are extremely small in size, ranging from 246 to 467 . In comparison, the genome of the smallest viruses capable of causing an infection are around 2,000 nucleobases in size. Viroid RNA does not code for any protein. Its replication mechanism hijacks , a host cell enzyme normally associated with synthesis of messenger RNA from DNA, which instead catalyzes ""rolling circle"" synthesis of new RNA using the viroid's RNA as a template. Some viroids are , having catalytic properties which allow self-cleavage and ligation of unit-size genomes from larger replication intermediates. + A possible explanation of their origin is that they represent ""living relics"" from a hypothetical, ancient, and non-cellular before the evolution of or protein. This view was first proposed in the 1980s, and regained popularity in the 2010s to explain crucial intermediate steps in the evolution of life from inanimate matter ( ). + In 2024, the possible discovery of viroid-like, but distinct, RNA-based elements called was announced. Obelisks were found in sequence databases of the human microbiome, and are possibly hosted in gut bacteria. They are different from viroids in that they code for two distinct proteins, called oblins, and for the predicted rod-like secondary structure of their RNA. + The is an example of a proposed non-cellular lifeform, as it is the earliest ancestor of the , its sister lineages, and every currently living cell.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/19px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tree_of_life.svg/21px-Tree_of_life.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/19px-Sida-aids.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-cellular_life
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject San Diego articles - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles that are part of . Articles will be automatically added to this category by placing the project banner template on the article's Talk page. + This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,662 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_San_Diego_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories by topic and country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_by_topic_and_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages with Portuguese IPA - Wikipedia,"The following pages contain transcriptions of using . This category should never be added manually. + By default, the transcriptions are linked to the key. Transcriptions that do not adhere to the conventions of the key must have . + This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,242 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Portuguese_IPA
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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians who use Pretty Good Privacy - Wikipedia,"This category is for Wikipedians who have / keys for communication. It is populated by {{ }} or {{ }} + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 278 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_who_use_Pretty_Good_Privacy
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wild animal suffering - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wild_animal_suffering
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Principles - Wikipedia,"This category is a listing of A principle is statement which is taken to be true at all times and all places where it is applicable. There are principles set forth in many and various fields. Many of them can be better understood as or , in which case they should be moved to the respective . + This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 67 pages are in this category, out of 67 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Principles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Accuracy disputes from December 2023 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all accuracy disputes from December 2023 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . The following 76 pages are in this category, out of 76 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Accuracy_disputes_from_December_2023
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject San Diego - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles that are part of , which seeks to improve and coordinate development for articles relating to and , . + Articles will be automatically added to this category by placing the project banner template on the article's Talk page. + This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_San_Diego
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:History by topic and country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 37 subcategories, out of 37 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_by_topic_and_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Infanta Antónia of Portugal - Wikipedia,"(or of Braganza; ; ; 17 February 1845 – 27 December 1913) was a (princess) of the , daughter of and her . Through her father, she also held the titles of Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess of Saxony. + Antónia was born in 1845 at the , she was the sixth child of twelve, and the third girl. She married on 12 September 1861. They had three sons; + , her daughter-in-law, described her appearance in her memoirs: "" "" Later, Marie also wrote on their complicated relationship and views on her mother-in-law's character: Antónia of Braganza died in the in 1913.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Infanta_Ant%C3%B3nia_of_Portugal_%281845-1913%29.jpg/220px-Infanta_Ant%C3%B3nia_of_Portugal_%281845-1913%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Winterhalter_-_Infanta_Ant%C3%B3nia_of_Portugal.jpg/270px-Winterhalter_-_Infanta_Ant%C3%B3nia_of_Portugal.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867-1918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867-1918%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/COA_Ferdinand_II_of_Portugal_modern.svg/70px-COA_Ferdinand_II_of_Portugal_modern.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanta_Ant%C3%B3nia_of_Portugal
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:LGBT+ Wikipedians - Wikipedia,"This is the usercategory. This category describes a demographic characteristic of the Wikipedians who add themselves. + The following use , and inserting them into your userpage will automatically add you to this category: + To add yourself to this category without using a userbox, place [[Category:LGBT+ Wikipedians|YOUR NAME]] in your user page, replacing YOUR NAME with the name you wish to be listed under (your preferred name). The nameless are listed under U for user. + + This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,467 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gay_Pride_Flag.svg/72px-Gay_Pride_Flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/LGBTQ%2B_rainbow_flag_Quasar_%22Progress%22_variant.svg/72px-LGBTQ%2B_rainbow_flag_Quasar_%22Progress%22_variant.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:LGBT%2B_Wikipedians
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in the Florida Panthers - Wikipedia,"The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_the_Florida_Panthers
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians by software - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_by_software
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wildlife - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wildlife
+en.wikipedia.org,Vicious circle principle - Wikipedia,"The is a principle that was endorsed by many mathematicians in the early 20th century to prevent contradictions. The principle states that no object or property may be introduced by a definition that depends on that object or property itself. In addition to ruling out definitions that are explicitly circular (like ""an object has property it is not next to anything that has property ""), this principle rules out definitions that quantify over domains which include the entity being defined. Thus, it blocks , which defines a that contains all sets which do not contain themselves. This definition is blocked because it defines a new set in terms of the totality of all sets, of which this new set would itself be a member. + However, it also blocks one standard definition of the . First, we define a property as being "" "" if, whenever a number has the property, so does +1. Then we say that has the property of being a natural number it has every hereditary property that 0 has. This definition is blocked, because it defines ""natural number"" in terms of the totality of all hereditary properties, but ""natural number"" itself would be such a hereditary property, so the definition is circular in this sense. + Most modern mathematicians and philosophers of mathematics think that this particular definition is not circular in any problematic sense, and thus they reject the vicious circle principle. But it was endorsed by many early 20th-century researchers, including and . On the other hand, and accepted the ban on explicit circularity, but argued against the ban on circular quantification. After all, the definition ""let be the tallest man in the room"" defines by means of quantification over a domain (men in the room) of which is a member. But this is not problematic, they suggest, because the definition does not actually create the person, but merely shows how to pick him out of the totality. Similarly, they suggest, definitions do not actually create sets or properties or objects, but rather just give one way of picking out the already existing entity from the collection of which it is a part. Thus, this sort of circularity in terms of quantification cannot cause any problems. + This principle was the reason for Russell's development of the rather than the . (See ""Ramified Hierarchy and Impredicative Principles"". ) + An analysis of the paradoxes to be avoided shows that they all result from a kind of vicious circle. The vicious circles in question arise from supposing that a collection of objects may contain members which can only be defined by means of the collection as a whole. Thus, for example, the collection of propositions will be supposed to contain a proposition stating that “all propositions are either true or false.” It would seem, however, that such a statement could not be legitimate unless “all propositions” referred to some already definite collection, which it cannot do if new propositions are created by statements about “all propositions.” We shall, therefore, have to say that statements about “all propositions” are meaningless.… The principle which enables us to avoid illegitimate totalities may be stated as follows: “Whatever involves all of a collection must not be one of the collection”; or, conversely: “If, provided a certain collection had a total, it would have members only definable in terms of that total, then the said collection has no total.” We shall call this the “vicious-circle principle,” because it enables us to avoid the vicious circles involved in the assumption of illegitimate totalities. (Whitehead and Russell 1910, 37) (quoted in the entry on )",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicious_circle_principle
+en.wikipedia.org,Welsh Folk Dance Society - Wikipedia,"The ( : ) is an organisation which supports, maintains and extends . It is also a registered charity. + A public meeting was held in The Castle, Shrewsbury, on Saturday, July 23, 1949, where the Welsh Folk Dance Society was founded. The society was formed in order to both revive and promote old traditional Welsh dances and create new ones. was the society's first president. + After Ceinwen Thomas had left college she met Walter Dowding of the Welsh National Folk Dance Society. She told him about her mother's recollections of folk dancing in Nantgarw. He put her in touch with Doris Freeman. Together , Ceinwen Thomas and Doris Freeman worked to notate the dance steps from the traditional dances that Catherine Margretta Thomas could remember. These notes were then passed on to the Welsh National Folk Dance Society by Ceinwen Thomas. + Since the founding of the Society, Welsh folk dancing in has had significant success in Wales and abroad. Workshops, lectures and courses arranged by the society typically have significant attendance. Dance events at Eisteddfod's also enjoy significant audience. + The Welsh Folk Dance Society celebrated its 70th anniversary in Pembroke on June 15, 2019. Celebrations included traditional Welsh dancing by multiple groups across Wales in traditional clothing near Cardigan castle. + The society has produced a number of published works including:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Folk_Dance_Society
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject California - Wikipedia,"pages and articles. + This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. + The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_California
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:History by country - Wikipedia,"This category includes articles on the histories of countries. For national histories other than for countries, see + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 242 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Mothers of Romanian monarchs - Wikipedia,"of . This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mothers_of_Romanian_monarchs
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Aspenluxxxy - Wikipedia,"Hello! I am Lucy. I try to contribute to Wikipedia in small ways - I don't trust myself to write entire articles, but I'll try to help in small ways, such as adding relevant information or helping find relevant citations. + +Things I'm knowledgeable about: + Feel free to reach out to me if you ever need help on an article like that, I'd be glad to assist with any articles which I have the relevant knowledge for.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/36px-Christian_cross.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Anchor_pictogram_red.svg/45px-Anchor_pictogram_red.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/45px-PD-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Original_Ferris.svg/40px-Original_Ferris.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Autism_spectrum_infinity_awareness_symbol.svg/60px-Autism_spectrum_infinity_awareness_symbol.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Transgender_Pride_flag.svg/40px-Transgender_Pride_flag.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/50px-Wikipedia-logo.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Anti-soccer.svg/40px-Anti-soccer.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Facepalm_%28yellow%29.svg/61px-Facepalm_%28yellow%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Aspenluxxxy
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in the National Hockey League - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total. + The following 33 pages are in this category, out of 33 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_the_National_Hockey_League
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians by computer skill - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_by_computer_skill
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Animals - Wikipedia,"are a major group of , classified as the . This category includes animals, , and their . + This category has the following 48 subcategories, out of 48 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/32px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Animals
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All Wikipedia articles needing clarification - Wikipedia,"This is a category to help keep count of the total number of articles which need clarification indicated with one of the following templates: , . , , , , , , or . They should all be in one of the dated categories. See also . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 5,626 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles with incomplete citations from December 2023 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles with incomplete citations from December 2023 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + The following 107 pages are in this category, out of 107 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_December_2023
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject California/Unreferenced BLPs - Wikipedia,There are no unreferenced BLPs tagged by .,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_California/Unreferenced_BLPs
+en.wikipedia.org,History of Puntland - Wikipedia,"( : ), ( : ), ( : ), officially the ( : , : ولاية أرض البنط الصومالية), is a in northeastern . The Administrative Capital is in the region, and its leaders declared the territory an in 1998. Geographically to the west, Puntland lays claim to the territories that were outside European colonial rule during parts of the period. + archaeological sites preserve historical documentation about the trade relations between ancient Egypt and the nations situated along the coastline. These records indicate the existence of a trading partner known as , which is believed to have inspired the naming of the present-day region of Puntland. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether the ancient Puntland corresponded directly to the location of today's Puntland.. + Additional subgroups of the Harti clan, a division of the "" "" Somali tribes, including the , , , and inhabited the geographical region encompassing what is now known as Puntland. + The clans had established the , which was situated at the easternmost point of the , around 1600. However, at the onset of the 20th century, an internal conflict arose within the clan, which was subsequently exploited by , resulting in the clan's incorporation as an Italian protectorate. + The tribe's settlement, located slightly to the west of the community, came under British protection towards the end of the 19th century. However, following the passing of in 1920, it returned to being under British protection once again. + The clan is predominantly situated in and other regions of northern . According to a historian narrator, the clan traces its origins back over 800 years. However, it wasn't until 1897 that the clan leader assumed the title of , succeeding Mohamed Ali Sireh. Mohammed Ali Sireh had previously entered into a treaty with the British to establish a protectorate but later chose to join . Following the conclusion of the rebellion, Mohammed Ali was subsequently deported, and the community reverted to British protection. + Consequently, within the clans, the tribes' community was integrated into , whereas the and tribes became part of . This division of territories under the Italian and British administrations was a contributing factor to the in 2007. + In 1960, the formation of the occurred through the unification of and . The , which eventually gained independence as , held significant governmental roles during this period. Notably, members of the Harti clan were appointed to key positions within the government, including the election of Somalia's inaugural and subsequent prime ministers, as well as the second president. + , who took power in a coup, served as the . He hailed from the clan, which, despite being part of the broader , differed from the Kablalah, Harti sub-clan. Towards the end of his regime, exhibited favoritism towards his own Marehan clan. In 1978, an unsuccessful coup attempt was made by the elite of Mohamoud Suleiman, a sub-family of the Majeerteen, resulting in the execution of numerous individuals. Subsequently, in 1981, , a prominent figure among the surviving Majeerteen members, established the , a paramilitary rebel group. Initially, the included members from various clans, such as and , not exclusively from the Harti clan. + Additionally, three tribes that trace their lineage back to the Darod clan are the , , and , These tribes settled in the and played a role in the establishment of . + In the wake of the eruption of the in 1991, a locally initiated constitutional conference took place in in 1998, spanning a three-month period. This conference brought together prominent figures in the region's political sphere, traditional elders (Issims), members of the business community, intrapreneurs, and representatives from civil society. The objective was to establish the autonomous , with the aim of providing essential services to the population, ensuring security, facilitating trade, and engaging with both domestic and international partners. assumed the role of the inaugural president of this fledgling state. + As outlined in Article 1 of the , Puntland is recognized as an integral part of the Federal State of Somalia. Consequently, the region actively seeks the unity of the and upholds a federal system of governance. Unlike the separatist region of located to its west, Puntland does not pursue international recognition as an independent nation. Nevertheless, both regions share a common reliance on clan elders and organizational structures that are rooted in clan relationships and kinship ties. + However, a significant distinction exists between and . Puntland was established as a descendant-based entity, with its formation rooted in the concept of providing a ""homeland"" for the residing in northern Somalia. Within this framework, the Majeerteen clan played a central role as the primary architects of the establishment of Puntland. Since its inception in 1998, Puntland has also been engaged in territorial with Somaliland concerning the , , and regions. + Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed hailed from the lineage within the . Following his presidency, the position of has been subject to contention, occasionally leading to confrontations, among the influential major branches of the Mohamoud Suleiman sub-clan. These major branches include , , and . According to certain traditional elders, it is suggested that Mohamoud Suleiman had more than three sons. + In July 2001, the Chief Justice of Puntland, declared himself the acting President of Puntland following the expiration of Ahmed's presidential term. However, disputed Nur's claim and maintained that he was the rightful President, Yusuf Haji Nur served as the interim President starting from July 1, 2001 - November 14, 2001, in the office of the president as interim. + In November 2001, , the first president of Puntland, was forcibly removed from the capital by the opposition after he refused to leave office despite his term expiring. The opposition convened a council and elected Jama Ali Jama as the new president. , who had previously declared himself acting president, handed over the position to the newly elected president, . This power struggle led to a two-year civil war in . Jama assumed the role of acting president on November 14, 2001, but his tenure was short-lived, lasting only six days until November 21, 2001. + In 2003, , a former Lieutenant general, organized a militia group consisting primarily of members from the sub-clan of . They established a base in . General Adde's forces attempted two unsuccessful attacks on from their base in . In response to the escalating conflict, traditional elders from intervened and facilitated a peace agreement between and . + The peace agreement, signed in May 2003, led to a collaboration between the two leaders, with their forces combining and power being shared between them, Ahmed then regained the presidency and served his second term from 2003, until October 14, 2004. + After Yusuf's election as President of the in October, the Vice President at that time, , took over the presidency of . His interim term as President lasted from October 14, 2004, to January 8, 2005. + Yusuf fought back with the support of the SRRC and neighboring Ethiopia, and by the end of November 2001 had almost retaken Garowe, the capital of Puntland, and by May 2002 was in full control. Jama moved its stronghold to the major northern city of Bosaso, which was also soon overrun, and control of Puntland almost returned to Yusuf. + In 2004, one of Somalia's major media outlets, the radio station , was opened. + In October 2004, Puntland President Yusuf was elected the first president of the Somali Transitional Federal Government, so Puntland President Mohamed Abdi Hashi succeeded him on an interim basis. + Puntland was hit by the caused by the in December 2004. + In January 2005, following elections, Major General , commonly known as ""Adde Muse,"" was elected as the . Puntland no longer functions as an independent nation but operates as within the . Since 2005, the administration of each district has primarily been determined by district councils, with clans serving as the fundamental unit of governance. + The government formed under the leadership of Adde Muse represents a coalition between the and , while Adde Muse himself belongs to the . This coalition arrangement has shaped the new government structure in Puntland. + It is important to highlight that during that period, there was a significant escalation of off the . Despite the official denial by the of any association with pirates, it is worth noting that the financing required for presidential elections involved substantial sums of money. It is worth noting that during this time, the region experienced a significant influx of funds derived from , which had a notable impact on the local economic dynamics. + In March 2005, President Adde initiated plans for the renovation of , also known as , located in Puntland's prominent commercial city. President Adde personally visited and laid the foundation stone for the renovation project in 2006. Subsequently, the construction of the new terminal building commenced and was successfully completed in 2008. President Adde revisited the site in August 2007 to assess the progress. + However, the project encountered various challenges, primarily stemming from financial difficulties. Following the conclusion of the Adde Muse administration in 2009, funding was eventually secured, leading to a bidding ceremony held in 2013. Construction officially commenced in 2014, culminating in the reopening of the new terminal in January 2016. + In November 2006, reports emerged stating that the , an Islamic fundamentalist organization established in southern Somalia, was progressively expanding its influence towards the north and had taken control of , situated a few tens of kilometers southwest of , a city located on the southern border of . Mohamed Mohamud Jama, a member of the , declared intentions to invade next. was a city divided, with the northern half predominantly under Puntland's control and the southern half under Galmudug's influence. Up until this point, the Islamic Courts had refrained from openly declaring an invasion of areas controlled by Puntland. + To prevent the situation from escalating into a religious conflict, Puntland's President, Adde Muse, issued a statement emphasizing that Puntland would be governed in accordance with , but with different approaches compared to those of the . The objective was to maintain a clear distinction between the governance methodologies of Puntland and the , thereby avoiding the issue becoming solely a religious matter. + In April 2007, President Adde Muse embarked on a visit to the , one of the constituent states of the . During his visit, President Adde held a meeting with , who was then the Crown Prince of . This meeting resulted in the signing of an economic agreement aimed at enhancing business cooperation between and . + Furthermore, an agreement was reached to establish the Puntland Hydrocarbon Development Company LLC, indicating a mutual interest in the development of . Additionally, both parties signed a plan aimed at advancing Puntland's infrastructure program, highlighting the commitment to improving the region's infrastructure. + Another significant agreement entailed the establishment of a quarantine facility for livestock imported from , highlighting the importance of ensuring the health and safety of livestock during the importation process. This agreement aimed to facilitate the smooth and secure import of livestock into Puntland while adhering to proper quarantine measures. + In July 2007, the , a sub-clan of the branch within the , declared their independence under the name "" "" in a specific area of western Puntland. This declaration of independence stemmed from their grievances concerning the perceived lack of equitable sharing of high positions and resources within Puntland. The felt marginalized and sought to establish their own autonomous entity in order to address their concerns. + In October 2007, , the neighboring state to the west of Puntland, took control of , a city located in the . This region is claimed by both Puntland and Somaliland, marking the beginning of the . The occupation of by Somaliland further exacerbated the tensions and between the two States. + In December 2007, the faced disruptions when a Member of Parliament from the Sool region raised concerns regarding a covert agreement between Somaliland and President pertaining to the invasion of . These revelations created turmoil within the parliamentary proceedings, shedding light on potential secret arrangements. Simultaneously, in December, President made the decision to dissolve the Council and announced that the Puntland government would assume direct control over . This move by Adde Muse was aimed at consolidating and strengthening the authority of the . + In the following January, declared his intention to retake , emphasizing Puntland's resolve to reclaim control over the city. This statement underscored Adde Muse's determination to assert Puntland's territorial claims and regain authority over the region. + In August 2008, , also known as , a brigadier general hailing from the , returned from and declared his candidacy for the presidency of Puntland. As part of his campaign, he pledged to address the concerns and improve the treatment of the within Puntland. received a warm welcome from the residents of and , showcasing their support for his candidacy. + Due to the intensifying attacks by Somaliland separatists on the SSC (Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn) regions, Ilka-Jiir made the decision to return to Puntland in 2009. Recognizing the security challenges faced by these regions, he believed it was crucial to be actively present in Puntland to address the ongoing issues and provide support to the affected communities. + In October 2008, signed a contract with the Lootah Group, a company, to build an airport, port, and highway for 170 million (about $5 billion). + In January 2009, the election results saw the victory of , ""Farole"", an individual hailing from the sub-clan of , as the newly elected president of Puntland. Farole, who holds a Ph.D. in history from in , had previously served as the finance minister in the government under President Adde. However, he left Puntland in 2006 following a dispute with Adde Muse regarding an project conducted by Conoco and Daror. + At the behest of various political groups, Farole returned to Puntland to participate in the election. Upon assuming office, President Farole promptly introduced his ""100 Days Report"" policy, which entailed his commitment to embark on a countryside tour and prioritize initiatives related to local autonomy and during his initial 100 days in power. This policy emphasized his focus on addressing the needs of local communities and tackling the issue of , which had been a pressing concern for Puntland. + President Farole was from the clan, which means that the three most powerful clans in Puntland, , , and Isse Mohamoud, have now each had a president. + On May 22, 2009, the Puntland Social Welfare Agency was established. The agency also aims to help internally displaced persons and orphanages in Puntland and was budgeted at 960 million Somali shillings (US$32,000) in 2009. + In June 2009, a new draft constitution was passed by the with a majority of votes in favor, with the main idea being to introduce a in Puntland. The ""parties"" were in effect clan groups, and the number of seats was allocated to each clan according to its power. + Security in Puntland is still poor, and between August 2009 and January 2010, five high-ranking government officials were assassinated. On the other hand, inter-clan conflicts have gradually come to an end. For example, the conflict in the Igdhays valley in the Bali area resulted in 30 deaths and many injuries, but a peace agreement was reached on October 22, 2009, with the intervention of the Puntland government. In June 2010, seven people were killed in a battle in , but the Puntland government forces were deployed to stop the fighting. + In May 2010, civil servants' salaries, which had been delayed since the founding of Puntland, were paid consistently every month. + On July 16, 2010, Puntland's Autonomy Secretary announced that the Puntland Cabinets had approved a new . It is believed to be mainly to counter the organization . + In January 2012, Africa Oil Corp., a Canadian company, initiated oil exploration activities in Puntland. Somalia, although relatively lacking in underground resources, holds the potential for oil extraction, considering successful oil drilling operations in neighboring countries such as Ethiopia and Kenya. Currently, exploration efforts are focused on the region near the Daror Valley. However, it is important to note that no oil discoveries have been made thus far. Furthermore, even if oil reserves were to be found, the issue of resource ownership and distribution between the central government of Somalia and the Puntland government remains unclear at this stage. + On April 15, 2012, Puntland's new constitution was officially retrieved. + On January 8, 2014, took place as scheduled, resulting in the election of as Puntland's sixth president. Gaas, who had previously served as and holds a Ph.D. in economics, was anticipated to bring about positive developments and improvements in Puntland. Notably, he secured the presidency with a narrow margin of one vote, succeeding President Farole in his role. + The Gaas administration, however, became increasingly corrupt in the bureaucracy, leading to hyperinflation. + In September 2016, dozens of soldiers occupied the premises of the Puntland Parliament for non-payment of salaries. + In the , similar to the , the president was elected through a parliamentary vote. The electoral system utilized at that time was known as the ""4.5 formula,"" which assigned one seat to each of the four major clans ( , , , and ) in Somalia while allocating 0.5 seats to the remaining minority clans. However, this system faced criticism in Puntland, leading to widespread protests in January 2016, involving hundreds of people. President Gaas responded to the concerns and, during a visit to , , in March, he announced that he would not endorse the 4.5 formula, even if supported it. However, the following week, he expressed a contradictory statement to in ., stating, ""I support the 4.5 formula, but the people are against it."" + On April 28, 2018, a suicide bombing targeted military personnel in the city of , under Puntland control, killing five people. Al- , which has been active mainly in southern Somalia, has claimed responsibility for this incident. + Conflicts with neighboring Somaliland to the west deteriorated: in May 2018, both Puntland and Somaliland armies were in a state of battle in Tukaraq, Sool region, and the Somaliland army settled Tukaraq city. Both armies built up their forces; in September 2018, President Gaas held a cabinet weekly meeting in Badhan, Sanaag region. Badhan is effectively controlled by Puntland. + was elected as on January 8, 2019. + On October 26, 2019, The lawmakers of Puntland, a state in northeastern Somalia, have voted to impeach Speaker Abdihakim Mohamed Ahmed Dhoobo-Daareed. The motion accused him of violating the constitution and mobilizing clan forces within the parliament. The deputy speaker cited divisions caused by the speaker and his alleged involvement in a no-confidence motion against the regional president. The speaker, on the other hand, claimed that Puntland was being controlled by a single clan, excluding others from the capital city. Four people were killed in a standoff related to the impeachment. A new speaker will be chosen within 14 days, and a committee has been appointed for the election process. There are reports of alleged interference from Villa Somalia, aiming to punish President Deni for supporting Ahmed Madobe, the leader of Jubaland. Puntland leaders believe that Mogadishu is destabilizing their government by funding various groups. In April 2024, Puntland announced it would operate as a functionally independent state amid a dispute over Somali constitutional changes. In the days following the announcement, officials representing Puntland and Ethiopia met several times to discuss security, economic, and political cooperation.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Puntland
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Mothers of monarchs - Wikipedia,"of . + This category has the following 38 subcategories, out of 38 total. + The following 79 pages are in this category, out of 79 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mothers_of_monarchs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians with Asperger syndrome - Wikipedia,"This page contains Wikipedians who have identified themselves (at least on Wikipedia) as having . + The defines Asperger syndrome (AS) as one of the , which are a that are characterized by abnormalities of and communication that pervade functioning, and by restricted and repetitive interests and behavior. Since 2019, the classifies Asperger’s Disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders with the umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, in line with the DSM-5. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 644 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_with_Asperger_syndrome
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Yosoo/Userboxes - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Canada_%28leaf%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Canada_%28leaf%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_British_Columbia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Vancouver.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vancouver.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pocket_watch.svg/30px-Pocket_watch.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/WikiProject_Ice_Hockey_logo.svg/45px-WikiProject_Ice_Hockey_logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Towelpower.jpg/45px-Towelpower.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/668-basketball.svg/40px-668-basketball.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Noia_64_apps_karm.svg/42px-Noia_64_apps_karm.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Yosoo/Userboxes
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians who convert raster images to scalable vector graphics - Wikipedia,"These users help to convert images which were uploaded in the , or format which contain non-photographic information to the format. For more information, see . For assistance with converting to SVG, please see the . + Other users with SVG skills are listed at . + See also: + {{SVG}} + {{User SVG}} + The following 108 pages are in this category, out of 108 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Converted_to_SVG.svg/32px-Converted_to_SVG.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_who_convert_raster_images_to_scalable_vector_graphics
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Kingdoms (biology) - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Kingdoms_(biology)
+en.wikipedia.org,Akhepatar - Wikipedia,"( : , English: ) is novel written by . The book was awarded by in 2003. The book was critically acclaimed by several Gujarati authors including Mansukh Salla and . + The book was first published in September 1999 by R.R Sheth & Co., . The book was reprinted in January 2007, May 2011 and in August 2012. The fourth edition of the book includes two critical articles. It has been translated in by Virendra Narayan Sinh and published as in 2011. + The novel begins with an aged woman named Kanchan returning to her native village in Jhalawad region of peninsular during the 1980s. She belongs to a family the ancestors of which were engaged in priestly duties of the village. Having returned to the village to be with herself and chart the future as well as to come to grip with the present, She puts up at a Hindu shrine of the village and begins to reminisce. The story alternates between the past and the present. It is a chronicle of the upheavals in the protagonist's personal as well as family life. She was married to an enterprising Brahmin young man, who had migrated to before was . The story unfolds the past on multiple time levels: Pre-independence era especially in the social context, the historical perspective of the partition days and of the socio-cultural turbulence it evoked and engulfed the family of man (This part describes her years of growth, adolescence, and marriage, motherhood), and a vivid portrayal of the violent aftermath of the partition, the fight of the refugees who survived the communal strife, their , separations and reunions as well as socio-economic upheavals they had to face individually and collectively, and finally the era of development and renaissance that swept through the rural . The story thus dwells on four generations of Kanchan's clan. The post-partition narration is dominated by a very strong story element including , unexpected turns, and ever-changing dilemma of the protagonist Kanchan. The whole novel contains dialects, proverbs and the folk tongue of Jhalawad, of Karachi and in general of Saurashtra at different times of history. +The title is originally a word (Devnagari: अक्षयपात्र) which means An inexhaustible container. The apt title characterizes the sheer courage and invincibility of the human spirit on the one hand, and alludes to the endless adversity as well as endurance that human beings, especially woman of India, are subjected to during their life. + The book is critically acclaimed by several Gujarati authors. noted in one of his articles about this book, ""Bindu Bhatt used the form of novel extraordinarily"". noted that, has better story of women consciousness than (1982) by and (1984) by . + The book was awarded by in 2003. The book was also awarded Priyakant Parikh Prize (1999) instituted by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Akhepatar_Book_Cover.jpeg/220px-Akhepatar_Book_Cover.jpeg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhepatar
+en.wikipedia.org,Teresa Żylis-Gara - Wikipedia,"(23 January 1930 – 28 August 2021 ) was a Polish who enjoyed a major international career from the 1950s through the 1990s. + She made her stage debut at the in 1958 in the title role of Moniuszko's , and later recorded Chopin's and songs by . After achieving 3rd prize at the in 1960, she became an ensemble member of the and the . She was recognised internationally when she appeared at the in 1965 in the title role of , alongside , and two years later as Donna Elvira in Mozart's . From 1970, she was a long-time member of the in New York City, where she appeared in leading roles including Desdemona in Verdi's , and Puccini's , and . She performed a broad repertoire both on stage as in concert and recital, adjusting flexibly to music from different periods. Her unique voice was described as ""both bright and substantial, which means that she can convey the intensity of emotion"". She was awarded honorary doctorates, the , the , and a sculpture in a public Polish park. + She was born Teresa Żylis in , (now Lentvaris in ). Her father, Franciszek Żylis, a railwayman, was able to provide the family with a modest but stable existence from a state job. She had five older siblings: Mieczysław, Henryk, Romuald, Zofia and Maria (who died at the age of 14). There was music in her family home. Her brothers played guitar and mandolin. All family members sang. Teresa sang in the church choir as a child. After in 1946, she and her family moved to Łódź. She studied for nine years at the Łódź Music Academy with . In 1954, Żylis-Gara won first prize at the Polish Young Vocalists Contest in Warsaw which led to engagements to sing on the Polish National Radio and to perform as a soloist with the . In 1956 she made her professional opera debut with in the title role of Moniuszko's . She returned there the following year to portray the title role in Puccini's . In 1958 Żylis-Gara won 2nd prize at the and in 1960 she won 3rd prize at the in Munich. + The ARD competition win led to her engagement at the , where she appeared in many Mozart roles including Fiordiligi in Mozart's . She continued her voice training in Germany with Dietger Jacob. She joined the ensemble of the in 1962. When the new was opened in 1966, she performed the title role in by Richard Strauss, alongside as Marschallin, as Sophie and as Ochs, the conducted by . In 1965 she joined the . By now fluent in German, she appeared as Rosalinde in by Johann Strauss, which requires spoken dialogue, and as Agathe in Weber's . She remained at the houses through 1970, and later returned often as a guest. She also appeared as a guest at the , the , the , the , , and the during the 1960s and 1970s. + During her residence in Germany, Żylis-Gara was active internationally, beginning in 1965 at the as Rosenkavalier, with as Feldmarschallin, and in 1967 as Donna Elvira in Mozart's . In 1966, she performed for the first time at the in Paris which led to a contract with the through 1969. In 1968, she made her house debut at the , Covent Garden in London as Violetta in Verdi's . In 1968, she appeared as Donna Elvira at the conducted by , at the , and in 1969 at the Royal Opera House. Żylis-Gara regarded Mozart's hapless quasi-heroine as her ""destiny role."" + +Żylis-Gara's first appeared at the in New York City on 17 December 1968, again as Donna Elvira. Irving Kolodin of the wrote of her performance: Zylis-Gara, who has emerged from her Polish background onto the international operatic stage within the last eight or so years, has unusual attributes for Elvira. Her voice is both bright and substantial, which means that she can convey the intensity of emotion in the role – she is, after all, the only one in the cast who truly loves the Don – without sounding shrewish. The last great Elvira, in a quite different way was Elisabeth Schwarzkopf. Zylis-Gara, an accomplished technician as well as a good-looking woman and capable actress, could well take over both the role and the rank of her distinguished predecessor. After this performance, , general manager of the house, offered her a long-term contract with the company beginning in January 1970 with Pamina in Mozart's . She remained on the Met roster for the next 14 seasons, portraying such roles as Countess Almaviva in Mozart's , Amelia in Verdi's , , Desdemona in Verdi's , Elisabeth in Wagner's , Elsa in , Fiordiligi, Leonora in Verdi's , Liù in Puccini's , Marguerite in Gounod's , Mimì in Puccini's , Octavian in , Tatiana in Tchaikovsky's , La traviata, and the title roles in Cilea's , and Puccini's and . She was La traviata again for 's 25th anniversary (31 October 1970), and Amelia in 's 25th anniversary gala on 22 April 1972. She took part in the Gala honoring Rudolf Bing, as Desdemona in the love duet from with , conducted by . She also joined the Met on tour. In her performances at the Met, numerous artists made their house debuts, including , , , , and . A reviewer of at the wrote that she was ""a Liù full of sweetness, whose lovely pianissimi would overcome a heart even colder than that of the cruel princess"". Her final and 233rd performance at the Metropolitan Opera was Puccini's on 31 March 1984, with as Des Grieux, as Lescaut, and conducting. + In the 1970s, Żylis-Gara appeared as a guest, especially at the and the Vienna State Opera. She sang annually at the Royal Opera House from 1976 to 1980. She was also a soloist at in Milan, in Warsaw, the in Buenos Aires, the in Madrid, the , and the in Moscow. She also performed in operas houses in and . + At the beginning of her studies, she got married. Her husband was the engineer Jerzy Gara, after whom she took the double name of Żylis-Gara. While still a student, she gave birth to a son, Jerzy. As a result of a long separation from her husband and son, the family broke up. She lived in Monaco from 1980. She died on 28 August 2021 in at age 91. She was buried on 10 September 2021 in the Alley of Merit at Doły municipal cemetery in Łódź. + Żylis-Gara received a of the in 2004. The President of Poland awarded her the Commander's Cross with Star of the . In 2012 she was appointed officer of the . She received an honorary doctorate from the in 2016. A concert in her honour was performed on the occasion of her 90th birthday at the Teatr Wielki. + Żylis-Gara recorded in opera, concert and , include Chopin's and songs by , the title role in Massenet's , (conducted by ), the Composer in by Richard Strauss, (conducted by ), Rossini's , (conducted by ), Elvira in , (with ), and Elisabetta in , (with ). She recorded the soprano in Mozart's with . In 1966 she recorded with the , conducted by , including . She is the soprano soloist in Gönnenwein's 1968 recording of Bach's , and recorded the part in a 1969 recording with , , and , played by and conducted by . A performance of Donizetti's , broadcast from by (WDR) in 1967, featured Żylis-Gara in the title role, (Enrico), (Giovanna), Gene Ferguson (Percy), (Rochefort), (Smeton) and (Hervey), was conducted by , and has been reissued on CD. In 1986, she recorded live Bach cantatas for soprano solo including , at the inauguration of the Théâtre La Colonne in , conducted by . + Source:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Teresa_Zylis_Gara_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Teresa_Zylis_Gara_%28cropped%29.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/H_Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara_sculpture_in_Radziejowice_Park.jpg/220px-H_Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara_sculpture_in_Radziejowice_Park.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/21px-Operalogo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject UBLP lists - Wikipedia,"A listing of all of the lists being generated daily by to track Unreferenced (UBLPs), as part of the backlog reduction drive. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 805 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_UBLP_lists
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing Somali-language text - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles with text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages. + This category should only be added with the {{ }} family of templates, never explicitly. + +For example , which wraps the text with . Also available is which displays as : . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,672 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Somali-language_text
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Women by role - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_by_role
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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in the Toronto Raptors - Wikipedia,"Wikipedians who are fans of the of the . + + This will produce the following : + + + + + The following 83 pages are in this category, out of 83 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_the_Toronto_Raptors
+en.wikipedia.org,User:ZooFari/Userboxes - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wikipedia_Rollbacker.svg/40px-Wikipedia_Rollbacker.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Wikipedia_Autopatrolled.svg/40px-Wikipedia_Autopatrolled.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/43px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Converted_to_SVG.svg/32px-Converted_to_SVG.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bronzewiki_2.png/40px-Bronzewiki_2.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:ZooFari/Userboxes
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Taxa by rank - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 38 subcategories, out of 38 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Taxa_by_rank
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing Gujarati-language text - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles with text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages. + This category should only be added with the {{ }} family of templates, never explicitly. + +For example , which wraps the text with . Also available is which displays as : . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 376 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Gujarati-language_text
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating the Cite Grove template with an id parameter - Wikipedia,"The articles in this category are placed here by + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 261 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_the_Cite_Grove_template_with_an_id_parameter
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Unreferenced_Biographies_of_Living_Persons
+en.wikipedia.org,Abdullahi Sudi Arale - Wikipedia,"( : ; born 1964) is a citizen of who was held for two and a half years in by the . Arale's transfer to the United States , in Cuba, was confirmed on Wednesday, June 6, 2007. + Arale's capture was said to have occurred ""in recent weeks"". Arale was alleged to have helped courier weapons and explosives between al Qaeda elements in Pakistan and the horn of Africa. A spokesman said, ""We believe him to be an extremely dangerous member of the ,"" + reports that American officials claimed Arale had held a leadership position in the . +Xinhua also reported American officials claimed Arale had been living in Pakistan until a return to Somalia, ""eight months ago"". + On November 3, 2008, published a page summarizing the official documents from each captive. +The New York Times stated that no further official records of his detention—no had been published. + Arale has had a writ of habeas corpus filed on his behalf. + attached a set of heavily redacted habeas related documents to an article she published in the about Arale when he was repatriated. +A heavily redacted stated that he said he traveled to in 1999 to study, failed to get a place. +He then traveled to Pakistan in 2000, where he studied at an Islamic University in , from 2000 to 2006, while working part-time as an airline ticket agent. + Abdullahi has two half-sisters, who were able to become refugees in , in 1999, when they were children. +His half-sisters worked to try to get Finland to offer him asylum, fearing he would be killed if he were repatriated to Somalia. +In a profile in the his half-sisters said he had a wife and four children in Somalia. Two other siblings helped support his family in Somalia. The published a picture of his sister Amina Muumin holding a picture of Abdullah. + , writing in the reported that Ismael Arale [ ] was one of twelve men transferred from Guantanamo on December 19, 2009. + The other eleven men were: + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + , + and + . +Abdul Hafiz, Sharifullah, Mohamed Rahim and Mohammed Hashim were . +Mohamed Suleiman Barre was the other . +The other six men were . + On April 25, 2011, , signed by the commandants of , released to the whistleblower organization , were published by a selection of cooperating newspapers. +Unlike most briefs, Abdullahi's seven page memo was unsigned.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/ISN_10027%2C_Abdullahi_Sudi_Arale.jpg/220px-ISN_10027%2C_Abdullahi_Sudi_Arale.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullahi_Sudi_Arale
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Women - Wikipedia,"Female humans + This category has the following 41 subcategories, out of 41 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in China - Wikipedia,"This comprises the and of . Place any of the following lines of on to include it in this category: + This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 450 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_China
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in the National Basketball Association - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_the_National_Basketball_Association
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Meaghan/Wikipedian of the... - Wikipedia,"(ran from June 29, 2009 to September 18, 2009) was a program I created that was similar to the ""Today's Wikipedian""; originally created by ( ), but now being continued by many users. Unlike ""Today's Wikipedian"", a user was awared each day for their kindness and hard work, but users were also awarded each week, and month. + How it worked was that a user who received the ""Wikipedian of the Day"" award would receive the ""Wikipedian of the Week"" award for their week. Someone who received the ""Wikipedian of the Week"" award would also receive the top award, ""Wikipedian of the Month"". + Archives:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Historical.svg/30px-Historical.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bronzewiki_2.png/30px-Bronzewiki_2.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Silverwiki_2.png/30px-Silverwiki_2.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Goldenwiki_2.png/30px-Goldenwiki_2.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Meaghan/Wikipedian_of_the...
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Taxa - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Taxa
+en.wikipedia.org,List of leaders of the opposition in the Gujarat Legislative Assembly - Wikipedia,"in ( : ) is the official leader of principal opposition party in the assembly. The leader of opposition is given rank of cabinet minister and is entitled to draw monthly salary and other perks of the same Rank. + The post is vacant since 8 December 2022 since no opposition party has even 10% of the total seats of the house.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Government_Of_Gujarat_Seal_In_All_Languages.svg/150px-Government_Of_Gujarat_Seal_In_All_Languages.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Keshubhai_Patel.jpg/75px-Keshubhai_Patel.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Arjun_Modhwadia_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Arjun_Modhwadia_%28cropped%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/ShaktisinhGohil.jpeg/75px-ShaktisinhGohil.jpeg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Shankersinh_vaghela_profile.jpg/75px-Shankersinh_vaghela_profile.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_opposition_in_the_Gujarat_Legislative_Assembly
+en.wikipedia.org,Ignaz von Seyfried - Wikipedia,"(15 August 1776 – 27 August 1841) was an Austrian musician, and . He was born and died in . According to a statement in his handwritten memoirs he was a pupil of both and . He edited Albrechtsberger's complete written works after his death, published by . His own pupils included , , , and who would later teach . + In his youth Seyfried served as the assistant conductor for 's opera troupe at the in Vienna, becoming musical director in 1797 and serving (in its new building, the ) until 1826. His memoirs offer accounts of the first production, under Schikaneder's auspices, of Mozart's , as well as a curious anecdote concerning the composer's death a few weeks later; see . + In 1805, Seyfried conducted the première of the original version of 's . Seyfried's memoirs also include some striking tales about Beethoven, and the information he provides on Beethoven in the appendix to are ""of great biographical value"", containing ""everything [that] is known about the circumstances of the adored master and (are) authentic fact"". Also see and . + Seyfried composed a large amount of music from 1797 to the end of his life, including overtures and incidental music for stage plays and , , and ; numerous sacred works – 10 including one for double choir, , , , and ; as well as two , , and . Other works include concertantes for and ; a and concertante for , and 10 for four waldhorns. A list of his works in a biography dating from 1836 fills five pages. + Of his musical works, the says: ""his versatility won him a unique place in Vienna's musical life; however, almost none of his music is marked by real originality or distinction."" + He made of Beethoven's , for four-part men's chorus, performed at Beethoven's funeral; re-scored 's , for men's voices only; and arranged over twenty operas by others for various wind band combinations. + He also made two ""Grandes Fantaisies"" for orchestra, based on material from Mozart: one in C minor, built from Mozart's and the , and the other in F minor, built from Mozart's and .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Seyfried.jpg/220px-Seyfried.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/21px-Audio_a.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_von_Seyfried
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Biography WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Biography_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Somalian expatriates in Pakistan - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Somalian_expatriates_in_Pakistan
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Female mammals - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Female_mammals
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in East Asia - Wikipedia,"This comprises the and of . Place any of the following lines of on to include it in this category: + This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/East_Asia_Cutout_Projection.png/24px-East_Asia_Cutout_Projection.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_East_Asia
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Jibreel23 - Wikipedia,"Welcome to my profile to contact me look at my talk page. I mostly edit topics relating to infrastructure in New Jersey, buildings in NJ/NYC, Islam-related things, sports, video games, and Legos. I am active on Wikipedia, but have been editing less because i've been busy.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Symbol_start_class.svg/16px-Symbol_start_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Symbol_b_class.svg/16px-Symbol_b_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mosque02.svg/40px-Mosque02.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/75px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/68px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/WikiProject_Video_Games_Controller_Logo_Revised_2014_-_Big.svg/40px-WikiProject_Video_Games_Controller_Logo_Revised_2014_-_Big.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Adidas_Telstar_Mechta_Ball.jpg/65px-Adidas_Telstar_Mechta_Ball.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Air_Jordan.jpg/40px-Air_Jordan.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wikipedia_Islam.svg/40px-Wikipedia_Islam.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/75px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Micrologo_Nintendo.svg/39px-Micrologo_Nintendo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jibreel23
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Ale jrb - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Mallnitz_S%C3%A4uleck_01.jpg/695px-Mallnitz_S%C3%A4uleck_01.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ale_jrb
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Biological descriptions - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Biological_descriptions
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Lists of Leaders of the Opposition of Indian states and territories - Wikipedia,"The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lists_of_Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_Indian_states_and_territories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles containing German-language text - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles with text. The primary purpose of these categories is to facilitate manual or automated checking of text in other languages. + This category should only be added with the {{ }} family of templates, never explicitly. + +For example , which wraps the text with . Also available is which displays as : . + This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 54,609 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Women - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 30 pages are in this category, out of 30 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Women
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pakistan–Somalia relations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pakistan%E2%80%93Somalia_relations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Reproduction in mammals - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 34 pages are in this category, out of 34 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Reproduction_in_mammals
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedians interested in Asia - Wikipedia,"This comprises the and of . Place any of the following lines of on to include it in this category: + This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 154 pages are in this category, out of 154 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_interested_in_Asia
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Islam participants - Wikipedia,"The following 129 pages are in this category, out of 129 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Islam_participants
+en.wikipedia.org,User:Ale jrb/Contribs - Wikipedia,This page serves as a list of some reasonably substantial article contributions I have made.,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wikipedia_Administrator.svg/43px-Wikipedia_Administrator.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/50px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ale_jrb/Contribs
+en.wikipedia.org,Undescribed taxon - Wikipedia,"In , an is a (for example, a ) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named. The various specify the requirements for a new taxon to be validly described and named. Until such a has been published, the taxon has no formal or official name, although a temporary, informal name is often used. A may not fulfil the requirements of the Codes for various reasons. For example, if the taxon was not adequately , its name is called a . It is possible for a taxon to be ""undescribed"" for an extensive period of time, even if unofficial descriptions are published. + An undescribed species may be referred to with the genus name, followed by ""sp."", but this is also used to label specimens or images that are too incomplete to be identified at the species . In some cases, there is more than one undescribed species in a genus. In this case, these are often referred to by a number or letter. In the shark genus , for example, there were, for some time, four undescribed species, informally named sp. A, B, C and D. (In 2008, sp. A was described as and sp. B as .) When a formal description for species C or D is published, its temporary name will be replaced with a proper . + In , a valid publication of a name requires the deposition of the bacteria in a Bacteriology Culture Collection. Species for which this is impossible cannot receive a valid binomial name; these species are classified as . + A provisional name for a species may consist of the number or of some other designation of a in a or other collection. It may also consist of the genus name followed by such a specimen identifier or by a provisional which is enclosed by quotation marks. In the latter case, the may be replaced by the or , meaning ""unpublished"". As of 2013, many species of the genus can be found in the under such a designation. An enquoted name, however, is not necessarily unpublished. It may be an that has not yet been replaced by a . For example, the ""Endressia"" ( Whiffin) was published in 2007 for a genus in family Monimiaceae, but is an illegitimate homonym of J.Gay in family Apiaceae. In 2010, it was noted as illegitimate, but still used with quotation marks. This name was replaced with in 2018.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Exoprosopa_nondescript.jpg/170px-Exoprosopa_nondescript.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undescribed_taxon
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Leaders of the Opposition of Indian states and union territories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories
+en.wikipedia.org,8th Street and St. Mark's Place - Wikipedia,"is a in the New York City of that runs from to , and also from to ; its addresses switch from West to East as it crosses . Between Third Avenue and , it is named , after the nearby on at . + St. Mark's Place is considered a main cultural street for the . Vehicular traffic runs east along both . St. Mark's Place features a wide variety of retailers. Venerable institutions lining St. Mark's Place have included and the St. Mark's Hotel. There are several open-front markets that sell sunglasses, clothing, and jewelry. In her 400-year history of St. Mark's Place ( ), called the street ""like superglue for fragmented identities"" and wrote that ""the street is not for people who have chosen their lives ... [it] is for the wanderer, the undecided, the lonely, and the promiscuous."" + , colonial governor of , once owned a farm near 8th and . Such farms were located around the area until the 1830s. Nearby, a Native American trail crossed the island via the of , , and . + The defined the street grid for much of Manhattan. According to the plan, 8th Street was to run from Greenwich Lane (now Greenwich Avenue) in the west to on the east. The area west of Greenwich Lane was already developed as , while the area east of First Avenue was reserved for a wholesale food market. + The plan was amended many times as the grid took shape and public spaces were added or eliminated. The marketplace proposal was scrapped in 1824, allowing 8th Street to continue eastward to the river. On the west side, was extended and Greenwich Lane shortened, shifting the boundary of 8th Street, ever so slightly, to Sixth Avenue and allowing , Greene, and MacDougal Streets to continue northward to 8th. + After the Commissioners' Plan was laid out, property along the street's right of way quickly developed. By 1835, the opened its first building, the Silver Center, along Eighth Street near the Washington Square Park. were also built on Eighth Street. The street ran between the , built in 1832 at the west end, and the Tompkins Market, built in 1836, at the east end. These were factors in the street's commercialization in later years. + Eighth Street was supposed to extend to a market place at , but since that idea never came to fruition. Capitalizing on the high-class status of Bond, , , and in , developer Thomas E. Davis developed the east end of the street and renamed it ""St. Mark's Place"" in 1835. Davis built up St. Mark's Place between Third and Second Avenues between 1831 and 1832. Although the original plan was for homes, only three such houses remained in 2014. + Meanwhile, Eighth Street became home to a literary scene. At Astor Place and Eighth Street, the was built by wealthy men and opened in 1847. Publisher founded a private library at his 50 East Eighth Street home. started a famous literary salon at 116 and relocated to 37 West Eighth Street in 1848. Around this time and up until the 1890s, Eighth Street was co-named Clinton Place in memory of politician , whose widow lived along nearby . + In the 1850s, Eighth Street housed an educational scene as well. The , a then-free institution for art, architecture and engineering education, was opened in 1858. The , an arts and letters association, relocated to 46 East Eighth Street around that time; the Bible House of the , was nearby. In addition, the Brevoort Hotel, as well as a marble mansion built by , were erected at Fifth Avenue and Eighth Street. + At the same time, German immigrants moved into the area around . The area around St. Mark's Place was nicknamed , or ""Little Germany"", because of a huge influx of German immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s. Many of the homes turned into , as the area had 50,000 residents but not a lot of real estate. housing was also built on St. Mark's Place. + By the 1870s, apartments replaced stables and houses along the stretch of Eighth Street west of MacDougal Street. The elevated and Lines were also built during that time, with stops along the former at and along the latter at . + At the southwest corner of Broadway and Eighth Street, the street's first commercial building was built. By the 1890s, buildings on the stretch from Bowery to Fifth Avenue were used for trade. In 1904, the opened at the former store along Broadway between 9th and 10th Streets, with an annex built at Eighth Street. + In the early 1900s, Little Germany was shrinking. At the same time, Jews, Hungarians, Poles, Ukrainians, and Russians from Eastern Europe started moving in. In 1916, community and established the , which still operates. At this point, St. Mark's Place was considered a part of the . + On the western stretch of Eighth Street, an art scene was growing. , , and other artists moved in the stables at MacDougal Alley at this time. By 1916, a studio complex for artists replaced most of these stables, making the areas around Eighth Street popular for . Whitney, a patron for other American painters, combined four houses on West Eighth Street houses into the in 1931. + The 1927 construction of the skyscraper at , as well as the movie theater, helped influence development on the Sixth Avenue end of the street, where construction of the had required destruction of many buildings there. On an adjoining block, the was built in Jefferson Market complex in 1929–1932 and existed through the 1970s. + In the 1930s, after ended, West Eighth Street became an entertainment area. Around that time, the movement for painters was centered around Eighth Street, with many such painters moving to Eighth Street. + After , property along 8th Street was converted to apartment houses. The Rhinelander Estate, one of the major landowners on Eighth Street, erected a building between Washington Square North, Fifth Avenue, West Eighth Street, and the Whitney Museum site. Sailor's Snug Harbor, the other major land owner, demolished the blocks from Fifth Avenue to Broadway on the north side of Eighth and Ninth Streets, including the popular Brevoort Hotel. It replaced these blocks mainly with low-rise apartment buildings and stores, as well as two . Around this time, West Eighth Street was also becoming the location of neighborhood commerce. + After the elevated train lines were demolished in the 1940s and 1950s, the real estate industry tried to entice residents to the St. Mark's Place area, describing the neighborhood as "" "". This area became home to an underground scene, and as it was far from public transportation, it became rundown. A 1965 article described the East Village by telling readers to ""head east from , and when it starts to look squalid, around the Bowery and Third Avenue, you know you're there."" + In the 1960s, Macdougal and West Eighth Streets, as well as St. Mark's Place, became a popular area for . A women's clothing store, a pharmacy, and bookstores were replaced by restaurants and other shops, directed toward the area's tourism base. By 1968, St, Mark's Place became a stopping point for , which formerly skipped the area. + In 1977, St. Marks Place became the epicenter of , when opened its doors on July 7, 1977 (7/7/77). The shop quickly attracted musicians from Cyndi Lauper to the Ramones. + In 1980, hot dog company moved into the location of a former bookstore on Eighth Street, to the anger of some Greenwich Village residents. However, other establishments, such as the bookstore, clothing stores, and shoe stores, started to attract tourists to the area. By the 1990s, the areas around both Eighth Street and St. Mark's Place were becoming rapidly , with new buildings and establishments being developed along both streets. The Village Alliance Business Improvement District was formed in 1993 to care for the area around Eighth Street. + + + St. Mark's Place appears in a variety of works in popular culture. Notable examples include:","https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/St._Marks_Place.jpg/350px-St._Marks_Place.jpg|https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,290x240.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=8th+Street+and+St.+Mark%27s+Place&revid=1220929780&groups=_5baa3ce7c38deca6982e3bb27ec8a322e79c97d9|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Wanamaker_Annex.jpg/220px-Wanamaker_Annex.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/295_East_8th_Street_entrance.jpg/162px-295_East_8th_Street_entrance.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/WTM_tony_0058.jpg/158px-WTM_tony_0058.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Whitney_Museum_8-12_West_8th_Street.jpg/175px-Whitney_Museum_8-12_West_8th_Street.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hamilton-Holly_House.jpg/154px-Hamilton-Holly_House.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Daniel-leroy-house-20-st-marks.jpg/173px-Daniel-leroy-house-20-st-marks.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Little_Germany_House.jpg/173px-Little_Germany_House.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Arlington_Hall_NYC.gif/250px-Arlington_Hall_NYC.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Club-57.jpg/145px-Club-57.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Physical_Led_Zeppelin.jpg/184px-Physical_Led_Zeppelin.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Loz_rent_car.JPG/220px-Loz_rent_car.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gem_Spa.jpg/250px-Gem_Spa.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/StMarks2.jpg/250px-StMarks2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Street_and_St._Mark%27s_Place
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProjects relevant for countering systemic bias - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total. + The following 161 pages are in this category, out of 161 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProjects_relevant_for_countering_systemic_bias
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Template Foo–Bar relations category with no locator map - Wikipedia,"This category contains pages where does not display a location map + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 4,012 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template_Foo%E2%80%93Bar_relations_category_with_no_locator_map
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sexual reproduction - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sexual_reproduction
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Asia user categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Asia_user_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Islam - Wikipedia,"WikiProjects related to and . + This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Islam
+en.wikipedia.org,Artemis Fowl (novel) - Wikipedia,"is a written by author . It is the first book in the , the first cycle of , followed by . Described by its author as "" with fairies"", the novel follows fairy LEP after she is kidnapped by twelve-year-old for a large of . + Throughout the book, the switches from following the human characters to following the fairy characters to present underlying themes of greed and conflict. The book received a mostly favourable critical response and several awards. A film adaptation titled was released in the United Kingdom on 12 June 2020 and the United States on 10 September 2021 by . + , an elf in the Lower Elements Police (LEP), is tracking a rogue that has managed to reach the surface of the Earth from Haven City, thousands of feet underground. Assisted by the technically minded and commander Julius Root, she incapacitates the troll before leaving for to replenish her magic. + Meanwhile, is a 12-year-old prodigy who has dedicated his life to criminal activities. He leads the Fowl criminal empire, which has existed in his family for generations. After significant research, Artemis believes that he has confirmed the existence of fairies. He identifies an alcoholic sprite living in , Vietnam, and travels there with his bodyguard Butler to obtain from her —the fairy holy book that is written in . After decoding the book using translating software, Artemis learns the specifics of the ritual fairies use to replenish their magic: take an acorn from an ancient oak tree near a bend in a river under the full moon and plant it elsewhere. Artemis and Butler track down 129 possible nearby locations for the ritual and start a . They discover Holly performing the ritual, and Butler tranquillises her with a hypodermic dart gun. + After being led onto Fowl's ship by Holly's tracker, Artemis tells Commander Root his name so they can find him, and then blows the ship up. An LEP retrieval team is sent to scout Fowl Manor using their ability, which allows them to vibrate faster than the human eye can follow. The team enters the manor grounds, where Artemis has installed a camera with a high frames-per-second rate, allowing him to detect the threat. After Butler incapacitates the intruders, Root decides to lay siege to Fowl Manor using a time-stop and enter negotiations. Artemis states his ransom demand: one ton of 24-carat gold. Artemis also reveals his knowledge of the time-stop and claims that he can escape it. An analysis by LEP behaviour experts determines that Artemis believes he is telling the truth. + The attempts to gain entry to the manor continue as the LEP recruits an infamous criminal, the dwarf , to break in. Fairies normally cannot enter human dwellings without permission, but Mulch has forfeited the magic preventing him from entering dwellings, causing him to be safe when burglarising. He tunnels underground to reach the house while Foaly feeds a loop to the manor surveillance system, allowing Mulch to freely explore. Mulch accidentally locates a safe containing Artemis' copy of the book, revealing to the fairies the source of Artemis' knowledge, which he had led them to believe he had acquired from a truth serum administered to Holly. The Fairy Council, deciding that nothing is working, promotes a lieutenant called to acting commander, temporarily usurping Julius Root. Meanwhile, Holly cracks through the concrete of her cell, finding fresh dirt, and completes the ritual with a smuggled acorn. Having regained her magic, she escapes into the main house. + Cudgeon decides to release the troll Holly captured earlier, into the mansion, to force Artemis to allow the fairies to enter and subdue the troll. This backfires, as Butler, aided by Holly's healing powers, defeats the troll. The Fairy Council subsequently strips Cudgeon of his post. + Artemis is finally granted the ransom. The gold is sent in and Artemis asks Holly for a wish: to cure his mother's insanity—she has been living in her bedroom, driven mad by the loss of her husband. Holly grants the wish at the cost of half the gold. The LEP decides to send in a ""blue rinse""—a that kills all organic life—to eliminate Artemis and allow for the retrieval of the gold, but this fails when Artemis discovers how to escape the time field and escapes the time-stop by drugging himself and his comrades with . + As Artemis has survived until the end of the time-stop, the LEP is bound by law to leave the remaining gold and depart. In the end, Butler demands an explanation as to how Artemis came up with the idea of using sleeping pills. Artemis explains that he had gotten the idea from old fairy tales, in which human characters never wake up at an inopportune moment for the fairies and had guessed that time-stops were the reason. Concluding that the time-stop forces a being to stay in whichever state of consciousness they were in when the time-stop is started, Artemis uses sleeping pills to break out of the time-stop. Artemis finds his mother has fully recovered from her insanity thanks to Holly's magic. + has a number of underlying themes, but the most essential of these are greed and the . + Greed is the first main theme that is introduced into the book, and specifically the desire to obtain gold. In a similar manner to other themes in the book, it changes throughout, becoming less of a focus near to the end of the novel, where Artemis is (grudgingly) willing to part with a large sum of money to help someone else. + The idea of conflict between good and evil is one that is touched upon in the book in a light-hearted manner. Although Artemis sees himself as an evil genius at the beginning of the book, and is portrayed as such, the end of the story contradicts this image when he pays the fairy Holly to help his mother. Artemis's enemies, the fairies, would be ""the good side"", but their actions call this view into question—they are as determined as Artemis is to achieve their goals. While only some of them are willing to ruthlessly deploy a troll, regardless of the possible danger to life, all are willing to utilise a bio-bomb once Holly is out of the mansion, to eliminate Artemis. + In general, the book received a very positive critical response—in 2004 it received the and Garden State Teen Book Award, among other awards. + The said ""Artemis Fowl is great ... a new thriller fairy tale that will grab your interest, no matter your age."" and the said ""Fun to read, full of action and humour, this is recommended for all public libraries and to readers of all ages."" said, "" is pacy, playful, and very funny, an inventive mix of myth and modernity, magic and crime"", while said that ""Colfer has done enormously, explosively well."" + of called the book ""a smart, amusing one-off. It flashes with hi-tech invention—as if Colfer were as much an inspired as a writer."" The official review highly complimented the book, saying ""Fantastic stuff from beginning to end, Artemis Fowl is a rip-roaring, 21st century romp of the highest order."" + However, another magazine review criticised the ""abysmal"" writing and the characterisation, calling Artemis' character ""repellent in almost every regard."" It concluded that is ""an awkward, calculated, humorless and mean-spirited book."" review concluded: ""All the familiar action-flick clichés are trotted out: the backstabbing, politically astute subordinate; the seemingly loony but loyal computer expert; the dabs of family loyalty; the requisite happy ending; the utterly unsubtle plugs for the sequel; the big action scenes. ... Resist the hype, parents, booksellers and librarians. This is not the new Harry Potter, nor is it a good children's book."" + In 2001, plans were announced for a film adaptation of the series. was named as purchasing the film rights, with signed to direct. In 2003 Colfer stated that a had been finalised and that casting was due to start the same year, but expressed scepticism over whether or not this would come to pass. The film remained in development and was assumed to be in until 2011, when it was reported that was interested in directing the film. In July 2013, it was announced that Disney was developing a project based on the first and second instalment of the series. and would be the executive producers and would direct. The film was originally scheduled for a theatrical release on 9 August 2019 by , but on 7 May 2019 the film was delayed to 29 May 2020. On 3 April the film's theatrical release was cancelled due to the , and instead it debuted on on 12 June 2020. The film was later removed from the streaming service on 26 May 2023 as part of a Disney+ and purge. + is a based on the book. Written by Colfer and adapted by Andrew Donkin with the art by Giovanni Rigano, the graphic novel was released on 2 October 2007. The plot remains the same as the book's except some minor details. Some characters' appearances differed from their description in the book; 's hair is longer than described in the book and a darker brown, as opposed to the reddish brown described in the book, and her skin appears noticeably lighter than the nut-brown -like complexion she had previously been described as possessing. Haven City's roof is stalactites and rock as opposed to the computer-generated sky described by the book. The graphic novel does not contain many word balloons, showing each character's story in first person. Graphic novels for subsequent books in the series were released in 2009, 2013 and 2014. + Later, in 2019, in promotion of the upcoming 2020 film, Disney released a new version of the graphic novel, this time adapted by and drawn by . It skims over the therapist reports and cuts out the second scene of Artemis and his mother for pacing.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/07/Artemis_Fowl_first_edition_cover.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_Fowl_(novel)
+en.wikipedia.org,International Plant Names Index - Wikipedia,"The ( ) describes itself as ""a of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of , and ."" Coverage of plant names is best at the rank of and . It includes basic bibliographical details associated with the names. Its goals include eliminating the need for repeated reference to primary sources for basic bibliographic information about plant names. + The IPNI also maintains a list of standardized . These were initially based on , but new names and abbreviations are continually added. + IPNI is the product of a collaboration between The ( ), The (Gray Herbarium Index), and the ( ). The IPNI database is a collection of the names registered by the three cooperating institutions and they work towards standardizing the information. The standard of author abbreviations recommended by the is Brummitt and Powell's . A digital and continually updated list of authors and abbreviations can be consulted online at IPNI. + The IPNI provides names that have appeared in scholarly publications, with the objective of providing an index of published names rather than prescribing the accepted .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/IPNI_logo4_1.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Members of the state Legislative Assemblies of India - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 39 subcategories, out of 39 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_state_Legislative_Assemblies_of_India
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using New York City Subway service templates - Wikipedia,"This category is for tracking all pages in all namespaces that transclude . + Template {{ }} places pages in this category or into one or more subcategories. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 995 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_New_York_City_Subway_service_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Zambia - Wikipedia,"This group includes within its scope all articles related to Zambia, its cities, geography, transportation, culture, history and so on. It aims to expand Wikipedia's resources on Zambia in a fair and accurate manner. All of these articles should be contained within the or one of its subcategories. For an overview, see . + + + To join WikiProject Zambia, edit this section and add the with your areas of interest to the bottom of the following list of members. Members should also place on their user page. + Thank you for your help! Please move your username back to the active list when you can participate again. + Members of WikiProject Zambia should place one of the following lines of on their to add it to . + For other Zambia user templates see . + + is available. See also and . + Please see {{ }} for assessment information. {{ }} may also be used to tag articles for this project.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/WikiProject_Zambia_logo.svg/100px-WikiProject_Zambia_logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/WikiProject_Zambia_logo.svg/150px-WikiProject_Zambia_logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Feed-icon.svg/14px-Feed-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Feed-icon.svg/14px-Feed-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/WikiProject_Zambia_logo.svg/60px-WikiProject_Zambia_logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Featured_article_star_-_cross.svg/16px-Featured_article_star_-_cross.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Featured_article_star_-_cross.svg/16px-Featured_article_star_-_cross.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Symbol_unsupport_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_unsupport_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Symbol_unsupport_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_unsupport_vote.svg.png|https: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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Angola–Gabon relations - Wikipedia,This category has only the following subcategory.,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Angola%E2%80%93Gabon_relations
+en.wikipedia.org,Simultaneous hermaphroditism - Wikipedia,"is one of the two types of , the other type being . In this form of hermaphroditism an individual has of both and can produce both types even in the same breeding season. + The distinction between simultaneous hermaphroditism and sequential hermaphroditism is not always clear. But unlike sequential hermaphrodites, simultaneous hermaphrodites are both male and female at . Also does not apply to simultaneous hermaphrodites (except in species with mix mating systems). + In simultaneous hermaphrodites, is possible in some species, where in others it is absent. + Most plants are simultaneous hermaphrodites with it occurring in 80% of . + Simultaneous hermaphroditism is one of the most common in animals. The majority of are simultaneous hermaphrodites and it occurs in over 67% of species. + The primary model explaining the evolution of simultaneous hermaphroditism from gonochorism (separate sexes) in animals is the low density model. This model explains simultaneous hermaphroditism as a reproductive adaptation to limited mating opportunities. This is advantageous to simultaneous hermaphrodites that can self-fertilize, because they are able to reproduce even if they fail to find a sexual partner. The low density model is helpful for understanding the development of simultaneous hermaphroditism in many animal species. For example, in simultaneous hermaphroditism can be found in groups that are or live in environments with limited mating opportunities.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg/200px-Mice_X_Y_chromosomes.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneous_hermaphroditism
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:User categories by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_categories_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Religion-related WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 40 subcategories, out of 40 total. + The following 31 pages are in this category, out of 31 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Religion-related_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Use British English from March 2012 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all ""Use British English""-tagged articles from March 2012 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,538 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_March_2012
+en.wikipedia.org,"Category:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Wikipedia","This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 56 pages are in this category, out of 56 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Kew.gardens.palm.house.london.arp.jpg/220px-Kew.gardens.palm.house.london.arp.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew"
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Members of lower houses of country subdivisions - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_lower_houses_of_country_subdivisions
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Southern Africa WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"Wikiprojects related to Southern Africa + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Southern_Africa_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Broadway (Brooklyn) - Wikipedia,"is an avenue in the of that extends from the in the neighborhood of in a southeasterly direction to for a length of 4.32 miles (6.95 km). It was named for the in . The East New York terminus is a complicated intersection with East New York Avenue, , , and Alabama Avenue. The ( , , and trains) of the runs on elevated tracks over Broadway from the to East New York on its way to Queens. Broadway forms the boundary between the neighborhoods of , which lies above Broadway to the northeast, and , which is to the southwest. + When Williamsburg was an independent city, the length of Broadway from the East River to South 6th Street was known as South 7th Street. From that point to Division Avenue, it took over the path of South 6th Street. Both of these segments opened in the 1830s. From that intersection to its terminus in East New York it was named Division Avenue, which was laid on the municipal boundaries separating the from the town of Bushwick (and village of Williamsburg, which was then part of the town). At each of the roadbed changes in Williamsburg, Broadway bends a little more to the south until it runs straight southeast to East New York. + The provided service (from the early 19th century) from the foot of Broadway to several points in Manhattan and by the mid-1860s was carrying over 200,000 passengers per day. The ferry terminal was linked first to and then elevated rapid transit in 1889. With these connections, the central commercial area of Williamsburg began to migrate to Broadway from . This was further spurred by the opening of the Williamsburg Bridge although the section of Broadway from the new bridge plaza to the ferry landing river declined since it was now effectively bypassed. Prominent extant buildings in Williamsburg located on Broadway include the (at #175, built in 1875), Nassau Trust Company (at #134-136, built in 1888), (#135, built in 1868), (at 178, built in 1876), and several cast iron buildings such as the Sparrow Shoe Factory (#195, across Driggs Avenue from Williamsburgh Savings, built in 1882). + During the , Broadway was the epicenter and worst hit of the looting, rioting, and violence that hit the city. Thirty-five blocks of Broadway from Williamsburg to Bedford-Stuyvesant were destroyed, 134 stores looted, 45 of them set ablaze. The riots accelerated from the area, as many of the destroyed properties were never rebuilt and remained empty lots well into the 1980s. Broadway remained a high-crime, destitute area until in the 2000s which has initiated a resurgence of new businesses, construction of luxury condominiums, and a return of to the area. In 2019, the released a Bushwick rezoning plan, which would allow for high-density development on Broadway and Myrtle and Wyckoff Avenues. + The ( , , and trains) runs above Broadway between and stations, with the train diverging at to join the . The runs on Broadway between Malcolm X Boulevard and Williamsburg Bridge Plaza, the runs south of Lafayette Avenue. The , and serve the street for shorter segments. + The at Union Avenue is served by the train.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Broadway_Brooklyn_IMG_9137.JPG/300px-Broadway_Brooklyn_IMG_9137.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NYCS-bull-trans-J-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-J-Std.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/NYCS-bull-trans-M-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-M-Std.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/NYCS-bull-trans-Z-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-Z-Std.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/NYCS-bull-trans-G-Std.svg/20px-NYCS-bull-trans-G-Std.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sparrow_Shoe_Warehouse_4man_Family_jeh.jpg/220px-Sparrow_Shoe_Warehouse_4man_Family_jeh.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_(Brooklyn)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Bilateral relations of Gabon - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 79 subcategories, out of 79 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bilateral_relations_of_Gabon
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Reproductive system - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Reproductive_system
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:South America user categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:South_America_user_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Zoroastrianism - Wikipedia,"Good Articles + + + Former Featured Articles: + Former Good Articles: + Did You Know (DYK) : + + + + is available. See also and . + {{WPZ-Invitation}} + + {{subst:Zoroastrianism Barnstar|message}} + {{subst:Zoroastrianism Barnstar 2|message}} + {{subst:WikiProject Zoroastrianism Barnstar|message}} + {{WikiProject Zoroastrianism|class=?|category=no}} + {{Zoroastrianism-stub}} + This -related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by . {{User WikiProject Zoroastrianism}} + For more templates, see",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/45px-People_icon_dead.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/20px-Wikipedia-logo.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Faravahar-Gold.svg/66px-Faravahar-Gold.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/20px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/20px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/20px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/20px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/20px-Wikipedia-logo.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/20px-Wikipedia-logo.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wikipedia-logo.png/20px-Wikipedia-logo.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/50px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Faravahar-Gold.svg/110px-Faravahar-Gold.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Zoroastrianism_Barnstar.png/100px-Zoroastrianism_Barnstar.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Zoroastrianism_Barnstar_2.svg/150px-Zoroastrianism_Barnstar_2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Faravahar-Gold.svg/100px-Faravahar-Gold.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/25px-People_icon_dead.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/People_icon_dead.svg/40px-People_icon_dead.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Faravahar-Gold.svg/50px-Faravahar-Gold.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Faravahar.png/40px-Faravahar.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Asia_satellite_orthographic.jpg/80px-Asia_satellite_orthographic.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/20px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Book_icoline.svg/20px-Book_icoline.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gnome-applications-graphics.svg/20px-Gnome-applications-graphics.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/20px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/20px-System-users.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tango_atom.svg/20px-Tango_atom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg/20px-Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Zoroastrianism
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Use British English from March 2015 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all ""Use British English""-tagged articles from March 2015 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,927 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_March_2015
+en.wikipedia.org,A Bigger Bang - Wikipedia,"is a studio album by the English rock band , released through on 6 September 2005. It was the band's last album of original material recorded entirely with on drums before his death in 2021. + Unlike their prior effort eight years before, the sprawling and eclectic , which had an array of producers, musical styles, and guest musicians, the Stones set out to make a basic, album that hearkened back to their 1960s–1970s heyday. A single producer, , was brought in to co-produce the album alongside the band's of vocalist and . Joining the two were band members on guitar and on drums, contract players on bass and on keyboards, and multi-instrumentalist Matt Clifford. Most of the basic tracks were recorded as a simple trio of Jagger, Richards, and Watts, with overdubs added later by other players. + The back-to-basics method of recording the album paid off for the Stones, who saw the album reach number three in the US, number two in the UK, and number one in eleven countries around the world. The lead single, "" "", failed to chart in the US, but was otherwise successful around the world, reaching number 15 in the UK and top-40 in over a dozen other countries. Two other singles were released to moderate worldwide sales. Reviews of the album were generally favourable; while critics noted that the album was not up to the standards of the Stones classic period, it nonetheless was among the best reviewed of their later albums. The , which lasted two years, would become the highest-grossing tour of all time by its completion. A -directed titled documented the tour. + The album used a stripped-down style reminiscent of (1978), but with a harder, more contemporary edge. Although initial reports stated that the Stones had ""returned to their roots"" with the record, the minimal instrumentation, rough mix, tough blues and ""garage"" rock hybrid bear certain similarities to the style of contemporary artists like and . + Many songs were recorded with just the core band of Jagger, Richards and Watts. was absent from many sessions, playing on only ten of the sixteen tracks, with only occasional contributions from outside musicians comprising the recording of the album. This is also the first album where Jagger plays bass guitar on some tracks. + The Stones said in a statement that the album's title reflects ""their fascination with the scientific theory about the origin of the universe."" + Songs for were composed by Jagger and Richards in June 2004 at Jagger's chateau in , France. At the château, they learned of Charlie Watts' diagnosis and debated about postponing the writing, but ultimately went ahead after determining that Watts was not required to be present until later. As a result of this, Jagger played the drums during early guide track recordings; all but one of these was later rerecorded by Watts, but Jagger's beat remained. Jagger and Richards shared guitar, bass, and keyboard parts between each other. The album was produced by and the sound engineering was done by Krish Sharma. Mixing for the album was performed by and . + The song ""Sweet Neo Con"" is a criticism of the conservative Christian movement in American politics. + ""Dangerous Beauty"" is widely understood to refer to US Army Reserve , who was convicted of mistreating detainees during the that occurred at the during the Iraq War. + The first single, "" ""/"" "", reached No. 15 on the , while peaked at No. 2 on the . + In August 2005, the Rolling Stones embarked on the 90-show in support of the album. It was met with sold-out tickets at every destination, usually within minutes of going on sale. The tour was extended into 2007 because Richards got hurt falling out of a tree in and required surgery in New Zealand. The tour concluded in August 2007 at the in London. + Critical reaction was mostly positive. The aggregate score of the album by was rated 73 out of 100, categorising the reviews as ""generally favourable"". was touted as the best Rolling Stones album in years. Nevertheless, all of the Stones albums since 1989's had been similarly lauded, and many critics and fans felt that the Stones had yet to record a late-period album truly up to their high standards. It was chosen as one of 's Top 100 Editor's Picks of 2005, and ranked the second-best album of the year by magazine, behind rapper 's . A review by the referred to the album as ""a winner"" that ""hammers home the fact that The Rolling Stones still have 'it'"". + went platinum in the US and Germany, and gold in Japan. According to it sold 546,000 copies in the US, and as of 31 March 2006, 2.4 million copies worldwide according to . + In 2009, was reissued by . The US re-release was handled by Interscope Records, while Polydor Records handled all other territories. + Songs from have seen commercial use in television, including multiple appearances in . + All tracks are written by . Credits adapted from album liner notes.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b3/A_bigger_band_album_cover_%28Wikipedia%29.jpg/220px-A_bigger_band_album_cover_%28Wikipedia%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/11px-Star_half.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Bigger_Bang
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Members of bicameral legislatures of country subdivisions - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 68 subcategories, out of 68 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_bicameral_legislatures_of_country_subdivisions
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Members of lower houses - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 88 subcategories, out of 88 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_lower_houses
+en.wikipedia.org,"Category:Bushwick, Brooklyn - Wikipedia","This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bushwick,_Brooklyn"
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Bilateral relations by country - Wikipedia,"This includes current, former and putative countries + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 211 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bilateral_relations_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Zona pellucida - Wikipedia,"The (Latin meaning ""transparent zone"") is the specialized area surrounding (eggs). It is also known as an egg coat. The zona pellucida is essential for oocyte growth and . The zona pellucida is an that surrounds the of the egg cell. It helps protect the egg, and has an essential role in fertilization by sperm. It is surrounded by the . The corona is composed of cells that care for the egg when it is emitted from the ovary. + The zona pellucida is a translucent matrix of cross-linked filaments that surrounds the mammalian and is 6.5–20 μm thick depending on the species. Its formation, which depends on a conserved (ZP) module that mediates the polymerization of egg coat components, is critical to successful fertilization. In non-mammals, it is called the or vitelline envelope. + The thick membrane of the zona pellucida functions to only allow species-specific fertilization; to prevent , and enable the for the successful adhesion and penetration by the . It also allows correct and size. The major glycoproteins of the egg coat responsible, are known as . + The zona pellucida binds , and is required to initiate the . In mice, the zona glycoprotein ( ) is responsible for sperm binding, adhering to on the sperm plasma membrane. During the acrosome reaction, a sperm cell releases the DNA contained in the into the egg. In other species, the process is slightly different and more complicated. Several more zona proteins have been identified. + The four major sperm-binding proteins, or sperm-receptors, are , , , and . They bind to and induce the . Successful depends on the ability of sperm to penetrate the of the zona pellucida that surrounds the egg. +In the mouse: + In humans, five days after fertilization, the performs ; the zona pellucida degenerates and decomposes, to be replaced by the underlying layer of cells. + -containing glycoproteins , , and are targets for in mammals. + In non-mammals, the zona pellucida is called the or envelope, and the in , and plays an important role in preventing cross-breeding of different species, especially in species such as that fertilize outside of the body. + The zona pellucida is commonly used to control wildlife population problems by immunocontraception. When the zona pellucida of one animal species is injected into the bloodstream of another, it results in sterility of the second species due to . This effect can be temporary or permanent, depending on the method used. In , immunocontraception using has been trialled for the control of .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray3.png/250px-Gray3.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Gray9.png/120px-Gray9.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray1164.png/120px-Gray1164.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/HumanEmbryogenesis.svg/120px-HumanEmbryogenesis.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_pellucida
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Americas user categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Americas_user_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Iran WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Iran_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,1890–91 Stoke F.C. season - Wikipedia,"The was 's only season in the . + Stoke played their only season in the which they won the title and were re-elected back into at the end of the season. Stoke found life much easier in the Alliance and lost just twice as they ended up with 33 points and their first league title. + For the 1890–91 season Stoke joined the which comprised 12 teams made up from the Midlands and the North. This was very much the secondary competition to and while Stoke had struggled in their two previous seasons, they quickly came to grips with life in the Alliance and finished as champions. Stoke only lost two matches all season and were back into the Football League. Both defeats came in , 5–2 at and 5–1 at and in both games they had their goalkeeper ( and respectively) carried off due to injury. With no reserve 'keepers available for the following fixtures Stoke resorted to utilising two outfield players, v and v in goal. Eventually the Staffordshire County cricket wicket-keeper was signed for the rest of the season and played in the last 12 matches where Stoke remained unbeaten to claim the title. + While out of the Football League, Stoke played a major part in the formation of the when, in February 1891 they were knocked out of the in the third round by 1–0 after two previous 3–0 victory's over and . With time running out and Stoke pressing forward for an equalizer, Notts County's defender handled in the area so the referee gave a free kick to Stoke. Notts County put all eleven men on the line and Stoke failed to score. This same referee, who recognised what an unjust event had occurred later became a football legislator and it was he who introduced the penalty kick to the Football League and FA Cup competitions for the 1891–92 season.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Kit_left_arm_red_stripes.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kit_left_arm.svg/31px-Kit_left_arm.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Kit_body_redstripes2.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kit_body.svg/38px-Kit_body.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Kit_right_arm_red_stripes.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kit_right_arm.svg/31px-Kit_right_arm.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kit_shorts.svg/100px-Kit_shorts.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kit_socks_long.svg/100px-Kit_socks_long.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%E2%80%9391_Stoke_F.C._season
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using certification Table Entry with shipments footnote - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 15,989 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_certification_Table_Entry_with_shipments_footnote
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Subnational legislators - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Subnational_legislators
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Lower houses - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lower_houses
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Neighborhoods in Brooklyn - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 42 subcategories, out of 42 total. + The following 82 pages are in this category, out of 82 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Neighborhoods_in_Brooklyn
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Bilateral relations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bilateral_relations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2011 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2011 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_August_2011
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:User categories by region - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 275 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_categories_by_region
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Western Asia WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Western_Asia_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:English football clubs 1890–91 season - Wikipedia,"The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Soccer_ball.svg/28px-Soccer_ball.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:English_football_clubs_1890%E2%80%9391_season
+en.wikipedia.org,40 Greatest Hits (Perry Como album) - Wikipedia,"is a album by . It was released by by arrangement with in 1975 and peaked at number one on the . It was the that year. The album was not issued in the United States & has never had an official CD release in the UK. + + + This article on a 1970s is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/40_greatest_hits_perry_como.jpg/220px-40_greatest_hits_perry_como.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gnome-dev-cdrom-audio.svg/30px-Gnome-dev-cdrom-audio.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/40_Greatest_Hits_(Perry_Como_album)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:First-level administrative divisions by country - Wikipedia,"Countries' first-level (top-level) . + This category's subcategories contain articles on each subdivision of the country while each directly included article considers the subdivisions structure of the country. + This category's subcategories are indexed according to country, but its directly included articles are not: they are indexed by type of subdivision (provinces, counties, etc). Articles with non-English subdivision terms in their titles either have their redirects indexed instead, or are indexed by the common English translation for said subdivision. This facilitates comparisons between similarly named subdivisions. + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 208 total. + The following 190 pages are in this category, out of 190 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:First-level_administrative_divisions_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after lower houses - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 35 subcategories, out of 35 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_lower_houses
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Geography of Brooklyn - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Brooklyn
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Foreign relations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations
+en.wikipedia.org,Wartburg (retirement community) - Wikipedia,"is a , organization located in that provides a continuum of care to older adults through residential and community-based programs and services. Wartburg was founded in 1866 as an orphanage and farm school and began serving older adults in 1898. As the system took hold in the mid-1900s, Wartburg gradually phased out the orphanage and by 1979, its focus was solely on serving the elderly. + The Wartburg Orphans' Farm School was established in 1866 by a Lutheran minister, Reverend , with an initial gift of $30,000 from New York sugar refiner Peter Moller. Originally, Moller had planned to use the funds to erect a lavish memorial for his son, whom he had lost in the . However, Reverend Passavant, who had previously founded The Orphan's Home and Farm School in , convinced Moller of the need for a similar orphanage in New York to help the great number of children left fatherless by the Civil War. Moller agreed and donated the $30,000 to help fund the new orphanage. +With advisement from Reverend G.C. Holls, headmaster of the Zelienople orphanage and Sister Elizabeth, a nun affiliated with a similar orphanage in Rochester, Pennsylvania, Reverend Passavant searched for an appropriate property for the new orphanage. Ultimately, they settled on 125 acres (51 ha) of land in purchased from The Lutheran Committee for Charitable Concerns. On a visit to the property, Passavant was believed to comment that ""This is something like the site of where Luther translated the ,"" of which Pastor Holls, later hired as the first director of The Wartburg, replied with ""Then we will call it The Wartburg."" The Wartburg was originally incorporated under the name ""Deaconess Institution of the State of New York."" However, in 1884, a state charter was obtained, officially naming it ""The Wartburg Orphans' Farm School of the Evangelical Lutheran Church"". + + In 1865, the Rev. William A. Passavant, approached Peter Moller, about the need of caring for the orphans of soldiers killed in the Civil war and in the memory of his son who died in 1864, Moller made a substantial donation toward buying land and erecting the first building of what became Wartburg. Other wealthy German-Americans assisted, including John A. Roebling, designer of the Brooklyn Bridge. +In 1866, The Wartburg Orphans' Farm School opened near Mount Vernon, New York. While open to children of any religious affiliation, it was closely associated with the Lutheran churches. The first director, or ""housefather"", was Rev. George C. Holls, who served for 19 years. +Passavant called the school ""Wartburg"" because its high, wooded land reminded him of the castle near Eisenach in Germany, where Martin Luther found refuge in 1521-22 and where he began his translation of the Bible. +The Rev. Gottlieb C. Berkemeier began his term of 36 years in 1885 as Wartburg's director, beginning four decades of rapid expansion, during which more than a dozen buildings were erected. In 1889, The Marie Louise Heins Memorial Home was completed, and Wartburg entered the field of care for the elderly. + Along with the addition of care for the elderly, Berkemeier introduced a ""family system"" whereby children were housed of a similar age and gender in one residence to create a family. The first of these cottages was the Kindergarten Building. The smaller, more familial housing arrangements provided house parents with the opportunity to nurture the individual talents and interests of the children. The Wartburg Boy's Band, formed in 1899, was open to any boy (and later to girls) between the ages of 8 and 15. Led by Professor Robert Steinmetz for 36 years, the Wartburg Boy's Band was recognized for their musical ability and performed in concerts throughout the Northeast and New England. +In 1902, a fire destroyed the original Wartburg Chapel and later replaced in 1904 by a larger structure that accommodates 400 people. + The farmland on the north side of the campus provided the fruits, vegetables, and dairy products that were the core of the nutritional needs for the orphans and seniors at Warburg. + In 1922 the cornerstone was dedicated for the Jahn Memorial, which was built to provide a private residence for Wartburg's directors and their families. Jahn Memorial is located just to the west of Wartburg Chapel. By 1955, The Marie Louise Heins Home for the Aged had tripled in size, and two large wings were added to meet the demand for more housing. + In 1984 Wartburg ended its program of caring for orphans and at-risk children after 113 years. That same year, Lohman Village, a community of individual townhouses for older people who are still able to lead an active life and desire the security and assistance of Wartburg, was opened. +In 1991, The Wartburg Foundation, Inc. was established with its Certificate of Incorporation charging the newly formed entity with the responsibility ""to solicit, accept and receive monies, legacies, gifts, grants, contributions, subventions, endowments, and property of any kind, real or personal, and thereafter to hold, invest and reinvest the same"", with the ultimate goal of supporting the work of The Wartburg Home through Foundation Board-approved grants. + In 2011, Wartburg was chosen to receive a $27.6 million grant to fund two new buildings on campus: the short term-rehab/adult day facility and 61 units of supportive housing. The short-term rehabilitation center will be designed around the ""neighborhood"" model. Adjacent to this building will be the new adult day care building. In 2015 Wartburg opened an Outpatient Therapy Clinic within its Rehabilitation Center of Excellence Building + Newsweek lists Wartburg 17th among senior care centers based on ""overall performance data, peer recommendations, and each facility's handling of COVID-19."" In November, 2022 Wartburg was named by as one of the best nursing homes in New York state. Wartburg began constructing a new 50,500 s/f and Related Berkemeier Living Center at One Wartburg Place.","https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Wartburg.png/220px-Wartburg.png|https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Wartburg+%28retirement+community%29&revid=1214978354&groups=_890f8abae3b61ee8d9d6ee00cd22879cec258b98|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Wartburg_lithograph.jpg/220px-Wartburg_lithograph.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wartburg_(retirement_community)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Quebec user categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Quebec_user_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Yemen - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Yemen
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1890–91 in English football - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Soccer_ball.svg/28px-Soccer_ball.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1890%E2%80%9391_in_English_football
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1970s compilation album stubs - Wikipedia,"The following 45 pages are in this category, out of 45 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1970s_compilation_album_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Administrative divisions by level and country - Wikipedia,"of countries. + This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Administrative_divisions_by_level_and_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after legislatures - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_legislatures
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Geography of New York City - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geography_of_New_York_City
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Diplomacy - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total. + The following 153 pages are in this category, out of 153 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Diplomacy
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Retirement communities in the United States - Wikipedia,"The following 37 pages are in this category, out of 37 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Retirement_communities_in_the_United_States
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Canada user categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Canada_user_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:User WikiProject Yemen - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag-map_of_Yemen.svg/70px-Flag-map_of_Yemen.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_WikiProject_Yemen
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1890 in English sport - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1890_in_English_sport
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1970s album stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 72 pages are in this category, out of 72 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1970s_album_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Administrative divisions by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 218 total. + The following 64 pages are in this category, out of 64 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Administrative_divisions_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after government agencies - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 223 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_government_agencies
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Environment of New York City - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Environment_of_New_York_City
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Majority–minority relations - Wikipedia,"The main article for this category is . + This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total. + The following 106 pages are in this category, out of 106 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Majority%E2%80%93minority_relations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Retirement in the United States - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 34 pages are in this category, out of 34 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Retirement_in_the_United_States
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:User categories by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 201 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_categories_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Yemen user templates - Wikipedia,"The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Yemen_user_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Template YYYY in nationality sport category header with parentnationality - Wikipedia,"This category contains pages where is used with the parameter + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 1,063 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template_YYYY_in_nationality_sport_category_header_with_parentnationality
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Album stubs - Wikipedia,". Instead, choose the most appropriate subcategory. (Full list is available .) + This category has the following 34 subcategories, out of 34 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Album_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Subdivisions of Zimbabwe - Wikipedia,"has a and is divided into eight and two cities with provincial status, for administrative purposes. Each province has a provincial capital from where official business is usually carried out. + The names of most of the provinces were generated from the and divide at the time of colonisation: was the territory occupied first by the British South Africa Company Pioneer Column and the territory conquered during the . This corresponds roughly to the precolonial territory of the and the , although there are significant ethnic minorities in most provinces. Each province is headed by a Provincial Governor, appointed by the . The provincial government is run by a Provincial Administrator, appointed by the Public Service Commission. Other government functions at provincial level are carried out by provincial offices of national government departments. + The provinces are subdivided into 59 and 1,200 (sometimes referred to as municipalities). Each district is headed by a District Administrator, appointed by the Public Service Commission. There is also a Rural District Council, which appoints a Chief Executive Officer. The Rural District Council comprises elected ward councillors, the District Administrator and one representative of the chiefs (traditional leaders appointed under customary law) in the district. Other government functions at district level are carried out by district offices of national government departments. + At ward level there is a Ward Development Committee, comprising the elected ward councillor, the kraalheads (traditional leaders subordinate to chiefs) and representatives of Village Development Committees. Wards are subdivided into villages, each of which has an elected Village Development Committee and a Headman (traditional leader subordinate to the kraalhead).",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Administrative_Divisions_of_Zimbabwe.svg/300px-Administrative_Divisions_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Zimbabwe
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Government agencies - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 20 subcategories, out of 20 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_agencies
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Environment by city - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. + The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Environment_by_city
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Politics and race - Wikipedia,"Articles about and . + This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. + The following 97 pages are in this category, out of 97 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Politics_and_race
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Old age in the United States - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Old_age_in_the_United_States
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Zambia user categories - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Zambia_user_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:User templates by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 201 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_templates_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1898 in Welsh sport - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1898_in_Welsh_sport
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Music stubs - Wikipedia,"When appropriate, please use one of the more specific templates for subcategories listed below. + : + This category has the following 45 subcategories, out of 45 total. + The following 179 pages are in this category, out of 179 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Music_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Administrative divisions in Africa - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 60 subcategories, out of 60 total. + The following 176 pages are in this category, out of 176 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Administrative_divisions_in_Africa
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Government-related organizations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government-related_organizations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories by city - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_by_city
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Politics by issue - Wikipedia,"by issue. + This category has the following 46 subcategories, out of 46 total. + The following 24 pages are in this category, out of 24 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Politics_by_issue
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Health in the United States - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 31 subcategories, out of 31 total. + The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Health_in_the_United_States
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Zambian Wikipedians - Wikipedia,"This comprises the and of . Place any of the following lines of on to include it in this category: + The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/36px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/36px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Zambian_Wikipedians
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Templates by task and country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Templates_by_task_and_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1898 in European sport - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 18 subcategories, out of 18 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1898_in_European_sport
+en.wikipedia.org,Zoroastrian music - Wikipedia,"is a genre of that accompanies religious and traditional rites among the people. + Although certain ancient Zoroastrian traditions show a negative approach towards Zoroastrian melodies such as the pre-Islamic pastorals and minstrels, Zoroastrian music has been in the religion since it was founded. + Historical texts prove that prior to the , Zoroastrians knew choral and solo performance songs. The majority of these songs are no longer performed, although Zoroastrian religious songs still do remain. The wording of these songs are attained from either the or from the (sayings attributed to ). Islamic influence can be seen in the melodies of the Naderi method of recitation and pilgrim's songs. Musical instruments in zoroastrian such as , , , , , , and + Due to the death of the , many Zoroastrian customs have been forgotten and only a few remain. + + This music-related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/220px-Faravahar.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Eighth_notes_and_rest.svg/30px-Eighth_notes_and_rest.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrian_music
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Africa - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 30 subcategories, out of 30 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/125px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Africa_satellite_plane.jpg/95px-Africa_satellite_plane.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Africa
+en.wikipedia.org,South Carolina Treasurer - Wikipedia,"The is a constitutional officer in the of the of . Twenty one individuals have held the office of state treasurer since it became an elective position in 1865. The incumbent is , a . + The state treasurer is the chief banker and investment officer of the state of South Carolina. As such, the state treasurer manages the and of all state funds and, in so doing, safeguards their assets. In 2022, the state treasury's custodial fund balances were approximately $2.8 billion. Moreover, the state treasurer administers and manages the state's . The Office of the State Treasurer also provides certain services to South Carolina residents, including its and . + Aside from their functional responsibilities, the state treasurer is a member of the State Fiscal Accountability Authority (SFAA), an independent agency which also includes the , the , and the chairs of the budget committees in the General Assembly. The SFAA is generally charged with oversight of state spending and management of state property. In particular, the SFAA acquires insurance for state agencies and local governments, procures goods and services for the operations of state government, and oversees the construction and maintenance of state buildings. In addition, the SFAA appoints South Carolina's state auditor to serve at pleasure. + Since 1865, the state treasurer has been elected at-large and serves a term of four years.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cutris_Loftis_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Cutris_Loftis_%28cropped%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Francis_Lewis_Cardozo.jpg/60px-Francis_Lewis_Cardozo.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Richard_and_Mrs._Eckstrom_and_Pamela_Evette_%28cropped%29.png/60px-Richard_and_Mrs._Eckstrom_and_Pamela_Evette_%28cropped%29.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cutris_Loftis_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Cutris_Loftis_%28cropped%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina_Treasurer
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Cities - Wikipedia,"This category includes articles on cities themselves. For articles on the study of cities, see . + + This category has the following 28 subcategories, out of 28 total. + The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cities
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Categories by issue - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories_by_issue
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Health in North America by country - Wikipedia,"in , divided by country. + This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Health_in_North_America_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:East African Wikipedians - Wikipedia,"This comprises the and of . Place any of the following lines of on to include it in this category: + This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total. + The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:East_African_Wikipedians
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Templates by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 204 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Templates_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1898 in Europe - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 41 subcategories, out of 41 total. + The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1898_in_Europe
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter - Wikipedia,"This category tracks pages using with . + This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,548 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_sidebar_with_the_child_parameter
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after continents - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_continents
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:State treasurers of South Carolina - Wikipedia,"The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:State_treasurers_of_South_Carolina
+en.wikipedia.org,Yatai City - Wikipedia,", also known as , or simply or , is strategically situated in the of in eastern Myanmar. This modern city, a joint venture between the Kayin State Border Guard Force ( ) and Hong Kong's Yatai International Holdings Group, boasts a market capitalization of US$23 billion (Dec. 2023). + +On 10 August 2022, Mr.She Zhi Jiang the main person in charge of Yatai City was apprehended in Thailand under circumstances yet to be officially verified . Located 133 kilometers from Port, the second largest port in Myanmar, goods from countries entering Yatai City are transported to India, the Middle East and Europe via the Indian Ocean. + Close to a large land port in Southeast Asia, connected to the , the and the , located at the intersection of the Thailand-Myanmar line of the , which used to be the intersection of China's "" "" economic corridor. + 10.5 kilometers (20 minutes by road) from , one of the three major airports on the Thai border, with direct international flights to and from mainland China (Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hainan), Yangon, Myanmar and Manila, Philippines. + On 1 December 2016, an agreement was signed with the Myanmar government for joint planning and construction of the "" "", or "" "", with investment from . + In 2018, invested US$3.5 billion in infrastructure construction on wasteland in the Shwe Kokko Valley, a key ""test-bed"" project for Myanmar's innovation and liberalization. On 30 July of the same year, officially obtained the MIC Investment Certification for Myanmar. On 1 November, a short documentary (14 minutes and 26 seconds long) on the construction of was released on the Nasdaq screen at in New York City. + In 2019, the construction of the infrastructure of accelerated, with the completion of the construction of water, electricity, roads and networks in the initial phase and the basic formation of the city's prototype. , , , and , four Chinese national enterprises and 17 Chinese national private enterprises have entered into to invest and construct the city. On 25 June of the same year, signed a contract with to complete the construction of the by 2030. + In 2020, during the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), took measures to prevent the epidemic and provided assistance to the surrounding Burmese residents to prevent the epidemic, which effectively controlled the epidemic in Yatai City and the surrounding area. In November of the same year, 19 corporate investment projects were completed. + On 14 September 2021, the government of Myanmar issued an official document to upgrade the to the administrative level of a municipal city. + In 2022, of was formed: land transport network, modernized communication facilities, green living environment, diversified entertainment and stable social security. Infrastructure, engineering, property development, hotels and restaurants, wholesale and retail, logistics and transport, and agricultural projects have taken shape.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Myanmar_location_map.svg/250px-Myanmar_location_map.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Kayin_State.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kayin_State.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatai_City
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Referendums by issue - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 25 subcategories, out of 25 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Referendums_by_issue
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Health in North America - Wikipedia,"in . + This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Health_in_North_America
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:African Wikipedians - Wikipedia,"This comprises the and of . Place any of the following lines of on to include it in this category: + This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 171 pages are in this category, out of 171 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/39px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:African_Wikipedians
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Vietnam templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 38 pages are in this category, out of 38 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vietnam_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Years of the 19th century in Europe - Wikipedia,"Years of the in . + This category has the following 169 subcategories, out of 169 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_19th_century_in_Europe
+en.wikipedia.org,Anastacio (name) - Wikipedia,or is a and . Notable people with that name include,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/WPanthroponymy.svg/30px-WPanthroponymy.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastacio_(name)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after landforms - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_landforms
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:State treasurers of the United States - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 48 subcategories, out of 48 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:State_treasurers_of_the_United_States
+en.wikipedia.org,War referendum - Wikipedia,"A is a proposed type of in which citizens would decide whether a nation should go to war. No such referendum has ever taken place. The earliest idea of a war referendum came from the in 1793 and in 1795. + This -related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This -related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ballot_Box_Silhouette.svg/100px-Ballot_Box_Silhouette.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Icon_vojn.svg/30px-Icon_vojn.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_referendum
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All orphaned articles - Wikipedia,"See also: for breakdown by month. +Articles appear here through the template {{ }}. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 58,360 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Health by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Health_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category talk:African Wikipedians - Wikipedia,"The Africa Centre (www.africacentre.net) is a Pan-African cultural and arts social innovator that is based in Cape Town. One +of its projects, Wiki Africa is seeking volunteers to assist with vital aspects of the project. +The aim of WikiAfrica is to redress the critical imbalance of factual information about historic and contemporary Africa on +the Internet’s most utilised information resource, Wikipedia. Its goal is to add African content to Wikipedia by generating and +expanding 30,000 articles by the end of 2012. +As an organisation, Africa Centre is passionate about knowledge creation, transparency, participation, collaboration, and +open access to information. We value and seek to encourage the contribution of citizen archivists, citizen historians, and citizen journalists across Africa. This ground-breaking project benefits from partnerships with core cultural and artistic repositories/ archives, and individuals from across Africa. +We are inviting applications from students and academics interested in contributing their time and passion to the project. + The ideal candidate should possess the following qualities: +• Have good writing skills in English, +• Have an eye for detail, +• Be passionate about the web and internet technologies, +• Have experience in uploading articles on Wikipedia, +• Be familiar with Wikipedia and how it works, and +• Be passionate about Africa’s voice in the world. + +The volunteer will participate in activities that involve: +• Adding content to the Wikimedia Commons and Wikisource sites from digital archives at the Africa Centre +and those of content partner organisations, +• Guiding and training new Wikipedians through the project, +• Training content partners in Wikipedia and the WikiAfrica project, +• Liaising with stakeholders to promote Wikipedia and Wiki Africa at their university or college, and +• Being part of workshops and giving input to various projects that are part of WikiAfrica. +ABOUT THE POSITION: +• Transport allowance; +• Work Schedule: 2.5 days a week (20 hours per week); +• Duration: flexible (between 3 months – 6 months); +• Location: Cape Town, South Africa; +• This position is ideally suited for a university masters or doctoral student. +TO APPLY: +If you are interested, please apply on or before 24th June 2012. Include in your application: +1. A cover letter; +[Note: Include why you would like to volunteer for WikiAfrica; +your Wikipedia username; and an overview of your Wikipedia experience.] +2. Your CV (2 pages max.); +3. Your availability; and +4. An example of an article that you have researched and written. +Submit your application to: +Isla Haddow-Flood,<br. +Project Manager WikiAfrica, Africa Centre +Email: wikiafrica@africacentre.net +Questions? +Francis at +21 422 0468 (francisa@africacentre.net) + • www.africacentre.net/wikiafrica +--Awinda 12:20, 12 June 2012 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/35px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/22px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/80px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_talk:African_Wikipedians
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Asia country templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 63 subcategories, out of 63 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Asia_country_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Years of the 19th century by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 108 subcategories, out of 108 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_19th_century_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Masculine given names - Wikipedia,". + This category has the following 100 subcategories, out of 100 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 9,508 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Masculine_given_names
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after objects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_objects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Finance ministers - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Finance_ministers
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Government stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 315 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,ABB Industrigymnasium - Wikipedia,"is the name of three schools in , and , , secondary schools with a focus on , and . The Västerås branch was started in 1994 by the industrial corporation , which were merged in 1987 from the Swiss and the Swedish , which is headquartered in Västerås. The Ludvika school was founded by ABB in 1995. + + This Swedish school-related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .","https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/3rd_graders_abb_industrigymnasium_2005.jpg/250px-3rd_graders_abb_industrigymnasium_2005.jpg|https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=ABB+Industrigymnasium&revid=1131086295&groups=_699e9f143cef98c209c5a0875fbf5a5970d6e409|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/30px-School.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png",https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABB_Industrigymnasium
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Health in South America - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Health_in_South_America
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Africa articles - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 207,684 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Africa_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Asia templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Asia_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:19th century by continent - Wikipedia," This category has the following 23 subcategories, out of 23 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:19th_century_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Masculine names - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Masculine_names
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Veil of Veronica - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to the and its depictions. It is a consisting of a piece of cloth said to bear an image of the produced by other than human means (an , ""made without hand""). Various existing images have been claimed to be the original relic, as well as early copies of it; representations of it are also known as vernicles. The story of the image's origin is related to the sixth , wherein , encountering along the to , wipes the blood and sweat from his face with her . + The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Veil_of_Veronica
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:People in finance by occupation - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_in_finance_by_occupation
+en.wikipedia.org,Ministry of Internal Affairs (Kiribati) - Wikipedia,"The (MIA) is a of , headquartered in . + The minister is responsible of: + + This -related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This -related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kiribati.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Kiribati)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Swedish school stubs - Wikipedia,"The following 86 pages are in this category, out of 86 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Swedish_school_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,South American Institute of Government in Health - Wikipedia,"(ISAGS) is a public intergovernamental institution of whose main goal is to promote exchange, critical thinking, knowledge management and generate innovation in policy and governance for health, thus offering South American Health Ministries the best available practices and evidences on health management. It was created by the Heads of State and Government of after a proposal of the gathered in , , in April 2010. According to the institute's Executive Director , ""Isags works in alliance with experts and networks present in the twelve countries of to foster the best practices in health to the 400 million inhabitants of this part of the world"". + Created by 's Council of Heads of State and of Government as proposed by the , gathered in , in April 2010, ISAGS operations are based on the Triennial Work Plan 2012–2015, which is itself a result of the priorities defined by the Quinquennial Plan 2010-2015 of the . + ISAGS's three basic functions are managing and producing knowledge, developing leadership, and providing technical support. All three are carried out participatively, not only in what regards the identification of problems, but also in carrying out and sharing solutions. + Besides the , other councils have also proposed the creation of their own institutions to develop their activities, like the . Its operates in 's capital, . + All of the 12 independent nations of are members of the and, therefore, are part of ISAGS. + The (CSS), created on December 16, 2008, also known as Unasur-Health, is a permanent council composed of Ministers from member countries of . This body was created in order to constitute a space of integration concerning health, incorporating the efforts and improvements from other mechanisms of regional integration, such as , (ORAS-CONHU)and , to promote common policies and coordinated activities among member countries. It is also a consultation and consensus body concerning health, which intends to delve deeply into relevant themes and strengthen public policies aimed at improving the living conditions of the inhabitants of the South American continent. + The council aims to strengthen, in the constitution of a South American political institution with expertise in sanitary issues, the development of solutions to challenges that go beyond national borders, developing values and mutual interests among the neighboring countries, thus facilitating the interaction of health authorities of the Member States through the sharing of knowledge and technology in the region. + The Quinquennial Plan puts forward five axes so as to contribute to the South American integration: + Beyond that, political coordination is established in the South American Health Council in topics such as common positions in international fora. The WHO Reform is one example. + In November 2009, through Resolution 05/2009, the decided to create ISAGS. Rio de Janeiro would have its Headquarters. The Human Resources Technical Group was in charge of elaborating of the institute's project. + According to , who envioned the institute, it was created to ""be the a space for permanent analysis of the impact of health policies, including the efficiency of implemented attention models (...) it establish a dialog with other experiences accumulated by other regional centres (like , CELADE and others) and it should interact with public health and related fields postgrad schools. + ISAGS was opened on 25 July 2011 with the presence of the then General Secretary , the then Pro-Tempore President of the , of the Brazilian Minister of Health , of the former Brazilian Minister of Foreign Relations and Health Ministries representants of , , , , , , , , , e . + Since its creation, ISAGS has organized 6 workshops and supported meetings that resulted in publications and political coordinations in international fora. + The workshops were: + The workshops are broadcast live through the Internet in Portuguese, Spanish and English. Then, they are converted into open videoclasses. + Organize and produce knowledge on public health and governance of the health sector, taking in only established results and carrying out researches, generating innovation in health policies and health governance to produce new evidences. Systematize, organize and disseminate technical and scientific information on regional and global health, with the overarching goal of providing support to the process of decision-making. + Respond to needs regarding the training of leaders to manage health systems, services, organizations and programs. Organize workshops between managers and specialists, where actual experiences of innovations in management are shared. + Provide technical support to national health systems and institutions using new methodologies that promote knowledge transfer and facilitate the formulation of new policies for managing health institutions and systems of the member countries. Develop models to evaluate not only the products, but also the causes and effects of cooperation. Support the development of external policies to be shared by members. + ISAGS is a public intergovernmental entity that is part of the 's . It is formed by the executive board and the Directive and Consultative Councils. + The executive board is responsible for administering ISAGS according to the goals, functions, policies, plans, programs and projects established and approved by the Directive Council. + The Directive Council is one of ISAGS's permanent units and carries out directive functions, guided by the priorities established at the South American Health Council. It is formed by delegates assigned by the Health Ministers of member countries and is responsible for defining institutional policies. + The Consultative Council, responsible for producing recommendations regarding the planning, management, implementation and evaluation of ISAGS's programs, is formed by:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/22px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Overview_ISAGS.jpg/220px-Overview_ISAGS.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/CSS_English.jpg/220px-CSS_English.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Isags_ENG.jpg/220px-Isags_ENG.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Institute_of_Government_in_Health
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Africa - Wikipedia,"This comprises the . + This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Africa
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Continent templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total. + The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Continent_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:2nd millennium by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2nd_millennium_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Human names - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 33 pages are in this category, out of 33 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_names
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Veils - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to , articles of clothing or hanging that are intended to cover some part of the or , or objects of some significance. Veiling has a long history in European, Asian, and African societies. The practice has been prominent in different forms in , , and . The practice of veiling is especially associated with women and sacred objects, though in some cultures, it is men, rather than women, who are expected to wear a veil. + This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Veils
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Finance occupations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Finance_occupations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Kiribati stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 58 pages are in this category, out of 58 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Kiribati_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Swedish building and structure stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 204 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Swedish_building_and_structure_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Intergovernmental organizations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 39 subcategories, out of 39 total. + The following 137 pages are in this category, out of 137 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Intergovernmental_organizations
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WISCom Retreat - Wikipedia,"proposes a [3 days] strategic retreat to be held in [South Africa] from [24 July 2023] to [26 July 2023], to discuss community mandate resolved during the 6th Wiki Indaba conference in Kigali 2022 for WISCom to transcend its original mandate of supporting the hosting of Wiki Indaba as an annual conference. The strategic meeting will primarily discuss the creation of a regional strategy to support the growth of Wikimedia Communities in the region through the formation of an official [Wikimedia Africa Hub], its founding manifesto, organizational/legal structure, funding as well as its relation to Affiliates in the region. + The retreat will take place at the , South Africa. + Whereas, community members appreciated the clear mandate that WISCom was created for, which is a singular need to support local organizing hosts to successfully organize Wiki Indaba conferences, there was a general sentiment that the time had come for WISCom to provide more broader leadership in regional issues between conferences. These new expectations require intentional deliberations amongst WISCom members to come up with a clear proposal for a unified regional strategic priorities that community members can rally behind. + During the closing session at the sixth Wiki Indaba held in Kigali 2022, representatives present debated the purpose of Wiki Indaba as well as the role of WISCom. There is great expectation for WISCom to resolve conference specific issues such as: + Restrictive scholarship regime which limits total number of conference participants, and limits international scholarships to 50. +Anglophone leaning conference which does not provide language translation (especially for Francophone attendees who are a significant portion of attendees). +Need for redesign of conference program to allow for clearer meta-level discussions to surface African perspectives on current movement-wide issues. + In order for WISCom to successfully respond to these needs, it is necessary to review the current structure and set up of WISCom, including a serious discussion about the creation of an official [Wikimedia Africa Hub], its founding manifesto, organizational/legal structure, funding as well as its relation to Affiliates in the region and the Wikimedia . + The objective of this event is to bring together members of WISCom and stakeholders of the to discuss and find solutions on several issues centered on the following items: + As well as high level regional issues experienced by community members, including: + Proposed dates: [24/07/2023] - [27/07/2023] + Proposed Country: [Johannesburg], [South Africa] + We anticipate this to be an excellent opportunity for WISCom to discuss all of these topics and define clearly our goals and vision for the next years in order to advance the . + This section provides the link to report of the retreat and the",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/WISCOM_Strategy_Retreat_2023_-_Participants_in_a_session_1.jpg/300px-WISCOM_Strategy_Retreat_2023_-_Participants_in_a_session_1.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WISCOM_Strategy_Retreat_2023_-_Indaba_Hotel_at_sunset.jpg/300px-WISCOM_Strategy_Retreat_2023_-_Indaba_Hotel_at_sunset.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/WISCOM_Strategy_Retreat_2023_-_Participants_in_front_of_Mandela_house_01.jpg/300px-WISCOM_Strategy_Retreat_2023_-_Participants_in_front_of_Mandela_house_01.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WISCom_Retreat
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Region (supranational) templates - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Curly_Brackets.svg/44px-Curly_Brackets.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Region_(supranational)_templates
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Millennia by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Millennia_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Names - Wikipedia,"This category is for articles about names and sub-categories relating to names. Personal names are listed in , family names in . + This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total. + The following 63 pages are in this category, out of 63 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Names
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Modesty - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Modesty
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Economics occupations - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Economics_occupations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Oceania stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 41 subcategories, out of 41 total. + The following 45 pages are in this category, out of 45 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Oceania_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:European building and structure stubs - Wikipedia,"Please use one of the following more specific templates when possible: + This category has the following 60 subcategories, out of 60 total. + The following 151 pages are in this category, out of 151 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:European_building_and_structure_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Supraorganizations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 21 subcategories, out of 21 total. + The following 84 pages are in this category, out of 84 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Supraorganizations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wiki-related conferences - Wikipedia,"The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wiki-related_conferences
+en.wikipedia.org,Template:Islamic geography - Wikipedia,"This is a created using {{ }}. It can be on pages by placing below the . + This template's , meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a , or ), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible. + To change this template's initial visibility, the may be used: + Templates using the classes ({{ }}) or ({{ }}) are not displayed on the of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views account for approximately 66% of all page views (90-day average as of January 2024 ). + A navigational box that can be placed at the bottom of articles. Template parameters The initial visibility of the navbox",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Handheld_devices_no.svg/55px-Handheld_devices_no.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Islamic_geography
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:History by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 35 subcategories, out of 35 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Parts of speech - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. + The following 55 pages are in this category, out of 55 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Parts_of_speech
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Issues in ethics - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 27 subcategories, out of 27 total. + The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Issues_in_ethics
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Economic occupations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Economic_occupations
+en.wikipedia.org,West Bona Site - Wikipedia,"The (also spelled ""Bonya"") is an archaeological site near on the island of . It encompasses a prehistoric village site consisting of at least seven house sites. Most of them are not in good condition, although the largest, with twelve stones, is in good condition. Radiocarbon dating places early occupation of the site to between 1285 and 1435, reaching its height around 1500. The site is on the grounds of . + The site was listed on the in 1979. + + This article about a is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This article about a Guamanian building or structure is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This article about in is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/WestBonyaLatteSite.jpg/250px-WestBonyaLatteSite.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Locator_maps_of_Guam_villages_-_Santa_Rita.svg/71px-Locator_maps_of_Guam_villages_-_Santa_Rita.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ahu-Akivi-1.JPG/40px-Ahu-Akivi-1.JPG|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bona_Site
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Buildings and structures in Europe - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Europe
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations - Wikipedia,"This category collects subcategories of , social structures of with a common purpose, ideology, belief, or interest. Major organizational subtrees include business (companies); religions; government and military; educational and scientific; non-profit/charitable; and social/professional. For the concept of organization, see . + This category has the following 32 subcategories, out of 32 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia meetups - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total. + The following 58 pages are in this category, out of 58 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_meetups
+en.wikipedia.org,Rihla - Wikipedia,"( : ) refers to both a journey and the written account of that journey, or travelogue. It constitutes a genre of . Associated with the medieval Islamic notion of ""travel in search of knowledge"" (الرحلة في طلب العلم), the as a genre of medieval and early-modern Arabic literature usually describes a journey taken with the intent of performing the Hajj, but can include an itinerary that vastly exceeds that original route. The classical in medieval Arabic , like those written by (known commonly as ) and , includes a description of the ""personalities, places, governments, customs, and curiosities"" experienced by traveler, and usually within the boundaries of the Muslim world. However, the term rihla can be applied to other Arabic travel narratives describing journeys taken for reasons other than pilgrimage; for instance the 19th century s of Muhammad as-Saffar and both follow conventions of the riḥla genre by recording not only the journey to France from Morocco and Egypt, respectively, but also their experiences and observations. + The travel practice originated in and served to connect Muslims of Morocco to the collective consciousness of the across the Islamic world, thereby generating a larger sense of community. consists of three types: + The performance of was considered in as a qualifier for teachers and political leaders. These journey also coincided with the end of the and a new opportunity for Islamic expansion. + The travel narratives of and are perceived as ""archetypical exponents of the flowering of [the ] genre,"" but should not be perceived as its founders. Concerning Ibn Jubayr's voyage to Mecca in 1183, one writer claimed that ""...his two-year journey made a considerable impact on literary history. His account of his travels and tribulations in the East served as the foundational work of a new genre of writing, the rihla, or the creative travelogue: a mix of personal narrative, description, opinion and anecdote. In following centuries, countless people emulated and even plagiarized him."" Travel narratives were written prior to Ibn Jubayr's; for example, the 12th century of , and accounts of foreign lands visited by merchants and diplomats (such as the 9th century accounts of India and China by Abu Zayd al-Sirafi, and the 10th century by with the Abbasid mission to the Volga) long predate Ibn Jubayr's travelogue. + The best known narrative is 's ( , or ), often referred to as the ( , or ). The was dictated to on orders from the Sultan who was impressed by the story of Ibn Battuta. Although Ibn Battuta was an accomplished and well-documented explorer, his travels had been unknown outside the Islamic world for many years. + The of describes his 970-day round trip from to between 1306 and 1309.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Historic_copy_of_selected_parts_of_the_Travel_Report_by_Ibn_Battuta%2C_1836_CE%2C_Cairo.jpg/220px-Historic_copy_of_selected_parts_of_the_Travel_Report_by_Ibn_Battuta%2C_1836_CE%2C_Cairo.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rihla
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:History of South America - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 25 subcategories, out of 25 total. + The following 103 pages are in this category, out of 103 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_South_America
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Components - Wikipedia,"This category lists articles on , i.e. small parts which form a larger whole. + This category has the following 37 subcategories, out of 37 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Components
+en.wikipedia.org,Self-licensing - Wikipedia,"(also , , or ) is a term used in and to describe the phenomenon whereby increased confidence and security in one's or tends to make that individual worry less about the consequences of subsequent behavior and, therefore, more likely to make immoral choices and act immorally. In simple terms, self-licensing occurs when people allow themselves to indulge after doing something positive first; for example, drinking a diet soda with a greasy hamburger and fries can lead one to subconsciously discount the negative attributes of the meal's high caloric and cholesterol content. + A large subset of this effect, the , is a that occurs when a person's track record as a good establishes in them an unconscious ethical certification, endorsement, or license that increases the likelihood of less egalitarian decisions later. This effect occurs even when the audience or moral is unaware of the affected person's previously established moral credential. For example, individuals who had the opportunity to recruit a woman or Black person in one setting were more likely to say later, in a different setting, that a job would be better suited for a man or a white person. Similar effects also appear to occur when a person observes another person from a they making an egalitarian decision. + Self-licensing can have negative societal consequences since it has a permissive effect on behaviors such as and discrimination, selfishness, poor dietary and health habits, and excessive energy consumption. + But recent scholarship has failed to replicate seminal studies of the licensing effect, and meta-analysis found it to be exaggerated by publication bias. Furthermore, where licensing typically assumes that a good deed is the cause that makes subsequent transgressions more likely, an alternative (or additional) account is that people are faced with a temptation to do something morally dubious, and use a prior good deed as an excuse or reason why it is allowed for them to indulge. + Researchers Uzma Khan and Ravi Dhar describe the phenomena as follows: + [A] prior choice which activates and boosts a positive self-concept subsequently the choice of a more self-indulgent option, [by reducing] negative self-attributions associated with the purchase of relative luxuries. [...] We show that consumers may be unaware of how their prior decisions influence their subsequent choices. In other words, the process underlying the licensing effect may be largely nonconscious. Similarly, Anna Merritt and colleagues have explained that + Past good deeds can liberate individuals to engage in behaviors that are immoral, unethical, or otherwise problematic, behaviors that they would otherwise avoid for fear of feeling or appearing immoral. It has been found that moral credentials can be . That is, a person will behave as if they, themselves, have moral credentials, when that person observes another person from a group they identify with making an egalitarian decision. In research that draws on , it was also found that group membership moderates the effectiveness of moral credentials in mitigating perceptions of prejudice. Specifically, it was observed that displays of moral credentials have more effect between people who share status. + Research suggests that self-licensing affects moral self-regulation and individual behavior in a variety of contexts; for example, it can influence consumer purchases, political opinions, charitable giving, energy policy and home energy use, job hiring, racial attitudes, health-related decision-making, , alcohol consumption, and use. staff writer Michael Rosenwald described the following everyday examples of self-licensing behavior: + We drink Diet Coke – with Quarter Pounders and fries at McDonald's. We go to the gym – and ride the elevator to the second floor. We install tankless water heaters – then take longer showers. We drive SUVs to see Al Gore's speeches on global warming. In a large study, Hofmann and colleagues found evidence for moral licensing in people's everyday behavior outside of the lab, noting that ""committing a moral act earlier in the day was associated with an above-average likelihood of a subsequent immoral act and a decreased likelihood of a subsequent moral act."" + A 2011 study published by researchers in Taiwan indicated that people who take pills, especially those who believe that they are receiving significant health benefits from supplement use, are more prone to subsequently engage in unhealthy activities. Participants in the study were divided into two groups, both of which were given pills; one group was correctly informed that the pills contained no active ingredients and the other group was told that the pills were multivitamin supplements. Survey results showed that participants who thought that they had received a multivitamin were predisposed to smoking more cigarettes and more likely to believe that they were invulnerable to harm, injury, and disease as compared with subjects who knew that they were given a placebo. Participants who believed they were given a multivitamin were also less likely to exercise and to choose healthier food, and had a higher desire to engage in ""hedonic activities that involve instant gratification but pose long-term health hazards"", such as casual sex, sunbathing, wild parties, and excessive drinking. In the 'multivitamin' group, the more supplements a participant used, the less likely they were to exercise, and smoking was highest among participants who expressed a conscious belief that multivitamins increased health. + The study's authors argued that because dietary supplements are perceived as conferring health advantages, use of such supplements may create an illusory sense of invulnerability that disinhibits unhealthy behaviors. Overall, the study shows that people who take supplements may feel that merely taking a pill is a sufficient contribution to healthy living to enjoy other activities without regard to health, and it exposes a potential hypocrisy among supplement users. The authors advised: + Smokers who take dietary supplements can fool themselves into thinking they are protected against cancer and other diseases. Reminding health conscious smokers that multivitamins don't prevent cancer may help them control their smoking or even encourage them to stop. Commenting on the implications of the study, said this: + Believing, incorrectly, that you've done something healthy by taking a vitamin pill makes you more likely to take genuine, concrete, real-world risks with your health. It's a chilling thought, but ideas aren't without impact, and every time we humour a harmless myth – that vitamin pills are healthy, that some fashionable berry prevents cancer – we might be doing more harm than we think. Researchers Khan and Dhar investigated the influence of self-licensing on consumer decisions regarding the purchase of . They reasoned that ""relative preferences for a luxury option will be higher if people's prior decisions provide a boost to their relevant self-concept"". Due to the self-licensing effect, ""a prior intent to be virtuous boosts respondents' self-concepts, thus reducing negative self-attributions associated with the purchase of relative luxuries"". Furthermore, they predicted that consumers may be unaware of how their prior decision influences their subsequent choices; i.e. the process underlying the licensing effect may be largely nonconscious. In the study, some participants were first asked to select from a list a charity organizations for which they would willingly volunteer three hours a week. Later, these people—and participants who hadn't been asked to volunteer—were asked whether they would buy designer jeans or an identically priced vacuum cleaner, assuming that they had enough money to buy only one. Participants who were asked to imagine having committed the charitable act before shopping were more than twice as likely to choose the jeans. The authors noted that ""People don't even have to do good for this effect to happen ... Even if they plan to do something good, it will give them a boost in their self-image. Any type of situation where you have guilt involved, you will see this, and so this happens in luxury goods."" + A study by University of Toronto behavioral marketing professor Nina Mazar and Chen-Bo Zhong found that people who bought green products were more likely to cheat and steal than those who bought conventional products. The researchers conducted an experiment in which they asked college students to shop for products online from either an or a conventional store. Each subject was then asked to divide a small sum of money between themselves and a stranger in a paradigm known as the , in which participants can cheat to make more money. The shoppers from the green store were more dishonest than those at the conventional store, which brought them higher earnings in the game. The authors suggested that the results could be accounted for by the licensing effect, noting that ""When we engage in a good deed, that gives us a kind of satisfaction. With that self-satisfied feeling can come tacit permission to behave more selfishly next time we have the opportunity"". The authors added that ""purchasing green products may license indulgence in self-interested and unethical behaviors"", and concluded: + We find that mere exposure to green products and the purchase of them lead to markedly different behavioral consequences. In line with the halo associated with green consumerism, people act more altruistically after mere exposure to green than conventional products; however, people act less altruistically and are more likely to cheat and steal after purchasing green products as opposed to conventional products. However, subsequent research not only failed to replicate Mazar & Zhong's findings, but found that green consumption had no subsequent licensing effect on dishonesty. + Researchers have invoked the self-licensing effect to explain why consumers who opt for energy-efficient products increase their energy usage so as to offset any potential gains. Energy economist Lucas Davis published a study showing that after getting high-efficiency washers, consumers increased clothes washing by nearly 6 percent. Other studies have shown that people leave energy-efficient lights on longer than conventional lights, and that many people who make their homes more energy efficient turn their heating up and ultimately see no reduction in energy costs. + The self-licensing effect was examined by Monin and Miller in a 2001 study which demonstrated that when Princeton undergraduates established ""non-prejudiced"" credentials, they were more willing to express ""prejudiced-sounding"" opinions to an audience—even knowing the audience was unaware of their credentials. Subsequent research by Monin and Daniel Effron, using subjects paid in candy or cash and excluding those who preferred Republican presidential candidates in the 2004 or 2008 election, showed that the opportunity to endorse during the 2008 presidential election made those who did so more likely to express preferences favoring whites over blacks in hypothetical situations, such as hiring a police chief for a department experiencing racial tension. However, Monin and Effron cautioned that their ""experimental tasks left ambiguous the extent to which these preferences represented prejudice."" + Three have been published on self-licensing. Two of these meta-analyses suggest that the self-licensing effect might be moderated by culture, and the most recent of these meta-analyses suggest that previous estimates of the effect may be exaggerated due to (consistent with recent publication of failures to replicate the original finding ).",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-licensing
+en.wikipedia.org,Stock and station agency - Wikipedia,"are businesses which provide a support service to the agricultural community. Their staff who deal with clients are known as . They advise and represent farmers and graziers in business transactions that involve livestock, wool, fertiliser, rural property and equipment and merchandise on behalf of their clients. The number and importance of these businesses fell in the late 20th century. + These rural business services institutions originated, when communications were slow and often very difficult, to cope with the double remoteness of early and primary producers from their nearest settlement and, particularly in the case of wool, from their overseas markets. In practice, they were the pastoralist's banker. Similar and sometimes the same organisations operated in and the , which had extensive pastoral farming. + These businesses grew to provide their clients with every product or service they might want right from employees or seasonal working capital to, in the person of a client's personal stock agent, close personal friend and personal confidant who regularly visited them, maintained the client's loyalty and kept them up to date with events in the community and their industry. His branch manager might often be unable to maintain an easy relationship with clients unable to fulfill their financial obligations. The branch manager's knowledge of his client's business activities was such and his control over the client's spending was such he could ration their spending on sugar and flour. + They also act as local managers of properties on behalf of absentee owners deceased estates and mortgagees technically in possession of properties. + They provide retail stores in small towns for agricultural requirements selling, for example, animal health supplies, animal feed, fencing materials, fertilizer, machinery and tools, and even clothing and groceries. + An important activity is to organise regular local livestock sales at a community's commercial saleyards. Small rural communities may hold a single annual sale at local saleyards and this may be the highlight of their autumn business and social calendar. + A vital and well-liked part of their rural community, in remote areas, stock agents perform a variety of commercial and social functions. They bring to outlying homesteads on farms and stations stores, mail and newspapers, local news and gossip. + Next the stock agent turns to real work and: +reports to his client on market trends and prices; +sorts stock into lines for sales; +sorts prime animals for the freezing works; +values livestock and advises on different marketing options for stock; +arranges penning and auction; +arranges private sales between sellers and buyers. +arranges transport of stock to saleyards; +conducts sales of wool on behalf of clients on a commission basis; +sells a wide range of agricultural products including chemicals; +arranges clearing sales of surplus machinery plant and equipment; and +arranges insurance. + He also advises and assists clients in the management of agricultural or pastoral companies, stock or farming problems; +arranges finance for the buying of livestock or property; and +brings prospective buyers to inspect properties for sale. + Individual stock agents, within the same agency, may specialise in any one of the preceding activities. + ""Arranged marriage: Farmers expect their stock agents to perform a range of tasks and services. One agent even acted as a go-between for a client who wanted to get married but was too shy to propose to the woman!"" + The close and enduring individual client relationships which are formed are seen as a forerunner of the newer concept of relationship marketing. + In his history of the industry Simon Ville says: "". . . the stock and station agent has been a legendary figure in local folklore, connected or related to many individuals and groups, a central figure embedded in rural settler communities and about whom everyone has had a view. This social perspective helps inform our understanding of the agent's role and importance in economic activities since trust, reputation, and personal connection were the vital lubricants in sustaining business relationships and networks."" + Some of these businesses grew very large in the 19th and early 20th centuries.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Longridge_Settlement_-_Inspecting_sheep.jpg/220px-Longridge_Settlement_-_Inspecting_sheep.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/1963_Vauxhall_Velox_%28PB%29_%2822799031727%29.jpg/220px-1963_Vauxhall_Velox_%28PB%29_%2822799031727%29.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_and_station_agency
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles using NRISref without a reference number - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 70,066 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_using_NRISref_without_a_reference_number
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:European architecture - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/31px-P_parthenon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:European_architecture
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after organizations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_organizations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia events - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. + The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_events
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Education in the medieval Islamic world - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Education_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Latin American history - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 36 pages are in this category, out of 36 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Latin_American_history
+en.wikipedia.org,Standard components (food processing) - Wikipedia,"is a term, when manufacturers buy in a standard component they would use a pre-made product in the production of their food. +They help products to be the same in consistency, they are quick and easy to use in batch production of food products. +Some examples are pre-made stock cubes, , icing, ready made pastry. + Manufacturers use standard components as they save time and sometimes cost a lot less and it also helps with consistency in products. +If a manufacturer is to use a standard component from another supplier it is essential that a precise and accurate specification is produced by the manufacturer so that the component meets the standards set by the manufacturer. + + This food article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flours.jpg/40px-Flours.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_components_(food_processing)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Linguistic controversies - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 112 pages are in this category, out of 112 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Linguistic_controversies
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Stations (Australian agriculture) - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/28px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Stations_(Australian_agriculture)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:NRISref tracking categories - Wikipedia,This category has only the following subcategory.,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:NRISref_tracking_categories
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Architecture by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Architecture_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:UNIMA - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:UNIMA
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:Wikipedia Workshop for Women / Chennai 1 - Wikipedia,"This International Women's Day, join the WikiWomen initiative and help improve women related Wikipedia content. We welcome all women to participate in this workshop where you can learn how to edit Wikipedia and contribute in various ways. A great chance to meet and interact with experienced editors who will be happy to help and encourage new editors. + This event was a joint effort by 's GNU/Linux Users Group and . + Signing up is simple. Feel free to mention if you'll be bringing a friend, or family member. + (Simply click the edit button, add your name and hit save page. Or have a friend or Wikipedian sign you up!) + The count of participants at the workshop was 40. + G Priyalakshmi + Kindly suggest articles that we could work on during the workshop. As the event is being held on Women's Day, we would appreciate articles about women and issues related to women. We will be working on these articles and improve the quality to meet up to Wikipedia's standards. + page has wide collections . + + Some links for reference : + + Some links for reference : + + Some links for references:",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Workshop_for_Women_/_Chennai_1
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Islamic education - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. + The following 35 pages are in this category, out of 35 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Islamic_education
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Latin America - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 25 subcategories, out of 25 total. + The following 67 pages are in this category, out of 67 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Latin_America
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All Wikipedia articles needing context - Wikipedia,"This category contains all articles which need context, mainly for use by bots. See also + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,750 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_context
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Scientific controversies - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 31 pages are in this category, out of 31 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Scientific_controversies
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Agriculture companies of Australia - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. + The following 23 pages are in this category, out of 23 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/28px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Agriculture_companies_of_Australia
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:National Register of Historic Places articles needing attention - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_articles_needing_attention
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Visual arts by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Visual_arts_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Puppetry organizations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Puppetry_organizations
+en.wikipedia.org,Snehlata Shrivastava - Wikipedia,"is a former Indian Administrative Service officer and civil servant who served as the Secretary General of the Lok Sabha from 10 December 2017 to 30 November 2020, she served as the first Secretary General of the . She belonged to 1982 batch of the cadre. + She has held several important positions in the Madhya Pradesh government as well as at the Centre. She has served as Secretary in the Ministry of Law and Justice and also as Special/Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Finance. + She has also held several senior positions in the Madhya Pradesh government, including as Principal Secretary in the ministries of Culture and Parliamentary Affairs.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Smt._Snehlata_Shrivastava%2C_Secretary-General_Lok_Sabha%2C_on_the_first_day_of_the_Thirteenth_Session_of_Sixteenth_Lok_Sabha_in_Parliament_House_on_15_December_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snehlata_Shrivastava
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Islam - Wikipedia,"This is for subcategories and articles either related to or on the subject of . + This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total. + The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Islam
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories named after regions - Wikipedia,"Wikipedia categories named after . + This category has the following 130 subcategories, out of 130 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_named_after_regions
+en.wikipedia.org,2012 Kazan Kremlin Cup – Singles - Wikipedia,"was the defending champion but lost the final to , 7–6 , 7–6 .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Academic controversies - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Academic_controversies
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Agricultural organisations based in Australia - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 40 pages are in this category, out of 40 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/28px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Agricultural_organisations_based_in_Australia
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:United States articles needing attention - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 61 subcategories, out of 61 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 734 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/WikiProject_United_States_logo.svg/60px-WikiProject_United_States_logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_articles_needing_attention
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Arts by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Arts_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Theatrical organizations - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Theatrical_organizations
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Indian Administrative Service officers - Wikipedia,"Officers of the (IAS). Still incomplete. + This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 323 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Indian_Administrative_Service_officers
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Monotheistic religions - Wikipedia,"religions. + This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 49 pages are in this category, out of 49 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Monotheistic_religions
+en.wikipedia.org,EMME - Wikipedia,"is an in the English language for a grouping of 18 nations situated in and around the and . The diverse region reflects cultural, economic, and environmental similarities. + EMME has members from three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe. They are: + The academic journal reported that EMME, "" and that "" + According to the and the of the , the EMME Climate Change Initiative, launched by the president of , aims to bring these countries together to develop a concerted regional response to address the climate crisis, in line with the goals of the . + This initiative states that",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Near_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Near_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMME
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using infobox tennis tournament year color with the default color - Wikipedia,"This tracking category is generated by {{ }} and {{ }}, which both call {{ }}. + + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 11,062 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_tennis_tournament_year_color_with_the_default_color
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Education controversies - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Education_controversies
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Scientific organisations based in Australia - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 68 pages are in this category, out of 68 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Scientific_organisations_based_in_Australia
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject United States articles - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles that have been marked by . Articles are automatically added to the appropriate sub-categories based on parameters in the . + This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 682,706 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_United_States_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Culture by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Culture_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Cultural organizations - Wikipedia,"concerned primarily with . + This category has the following 29 subcategories, out of 29 total. + The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cultural_organizations
+en.wikipedia.org,"Category:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements - Wikipedia","This category is for articles pertaining to various , , and movements. + This category has the following 25 subcategories, out of 25 total. + The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Religious_faiths,_traditions,_and_movements"
+en.wikipedia.org,Paris Agreement - Wikipedia,"The (or , ) is an international treaty on that was adopted in 2015. The treaty covers , , and . The Paris Agreement was negotiated by 196 at the near , France. As of February 2023, 195 members of the (UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement. Of the three UNFCCC member states which have not the agreement, the only major emitter is . The from the agreement in 2020, but rejoined in 2021. + The Paris Agreement has a long-term temperature goal which is to keep the rise in to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) above levels. The treaty also states that preferably the limit of the increase should only be 1.5 °C (2.7 °F). The lower the temperature increase, the smaller the can expected to be. To achieve this temperature goal, should be reduced as soon as, and by as much as, possible. They should even reach by the middle of the 21st century. To stay below 1.5 °C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This figure takes into account each . + It aims to help countries adapt to climate change effects, and mobilize enough finance. Under the agreement, each country must determine, plan, and on its contributions. No mechanism forces a country to set specific , but each target should go beyond previous targets. In contrast to the 1997 , the distinction between developed and developing countries is blurred, so that the latter also have to submit plans for emission reductions. + The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 ( ) at a ceremony inside the in . After the ratified the agreement, sufficient countries had ratified the agreement responsible for enough of the for the agreement to enter into force on 4 November 2016. + World leaders have lauded the agreement. However, some environmentalists and analysts have criticized it, saying it is not strict enough. There is debate about the effectiveness of the agreement. While current pledges under the Paris Agreement are insufficient for reaching the set temperature goals, there is a mechanism of . The Paris Agreement has been successfully used in forcing countries and an oil company to strengthen climate action. + The aim of the agreement, as described in Article 2, is to have a stronger response to the danger of climate change; it seeks to enhance the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change through: + (a) Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change; + (b) Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production; + +(c) Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development. Countries furthermore aim to reach ""global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible."" + The (UNFCCC), adopted at the 1992 is one of the first international treaties on the topic. It stipulates that parties should meet regularly to address climate change, at the or COP. It forms the foundation to future climate agreements. + The , adopted in 1997, regulated reductions for a limited set of countries from 2008 to 2012. The protocol was extended until 2020 with the Doha Amendment in 2012. The United States decided not to ratify the Protocol, mainly because of its legally-binding nature. This, and distributional conflict, led to failures of subsequent international climate negotiations. The 2009 negotiations were intended to produce a successor treaty of Kyoto, but the negotiations collapsed and the resulting was not legally binding and did not get adopted universally. + The Accord did lay the framework for bottom-up approach of the Paris Agreement. Under the leadership of UNFCCC executive secretary , negotiation regained momentum after Copenhagen's failure. During the , the was established to negotiate a legal instrument governing measures from 2020. The platform had a mandate to be informed by the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC and the work of the subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC. The resulting agreement was to be adopted in 2015. + Negotiations in Paris took place over a two-week span, and continued throughout the three final nights. Various drafts and proposals had been debated and streamlined in the preceding year. According to one commentator two ways in which the French increased the likelihood of success were: firstly to ensure that (INDCs) were completed before the start of the negotiations, and secondly to invite leaders just for the beginning of the conference. + The negotiations almost failed because of a single word when the US legal team realized at the last minute that ""shall"" had been approved, rather than ""should"", meaning that developed countries would have been legally obliged to cut emissions: the French solved the problem by changing it as a ""typographical error"". At the conclusion of COP21 (the 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties), on 12 December 2015, the final wording of the Paris Agreement was adopted by consensus by the 195 UNFCCC participating member states and the European Union. indicated they had wanted to object to the adoption as they denounced the weakness of the agreement, but were not given a chance. In the agreement the members promised to ""as soon as possible"" and to do their best to keep global warming "" "" (3.6 °F). + The Paris Agreement was open for signature by states and regional economic integration organizations that are parties to the UNFCCC (the convention) from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York. Signing of the agreement is the first step towards , but it is possible to to the agreement without signing. It binds parties to not act in contravention of the goal of the treaty. On 1 April 2016, the United States and China, which represent almost 40% of global emissions confirmed they would sign the Paris Climate Agreement. The agreement was signed by 175 parties (174 states and the European Union) on the first day it was opened for signature. As of March 2021, 194 states and the European Union have signed the agreement. + The agreement would enter into force (and thus become fully effective) if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of (according to a list produced in 2015) ratify or otherwise join the treaty. Alternative ways to join the treaty are acceptance, approval or accession. The first two are typically used when a head of state is not necessary to bind a country to a treaty, whereas the latter typically happens when a country joins a treaty already in force. After ratification by the European Union, the agreement obtained enough parties to enter into effect on 4 November 2016. + Both the EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris Agreement. A strong preference was reported that the EU and its 28 member states ratify at the same time to ensure that they do not engage themselves to fulfilling obligations that strictly belong to the other, and there were fears by observers that disagreement over each member state's share of the EU-wide reduction target, as well as Britain's might delay the Paris pact. However, the EU deposited its instruments of ratification on 5 October 2016, along with seven EU member states. + The EU and 194 states, totalling over 98% of , have ratified or acceded to the agreement. The only countries which have not ratified are some : Iran with 2% of the world total being the largest. and . Eritrea is the latest country to ratify the agreement, on 7 February 2023. + Article 28 enables parties to withdraw from the agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the . Notice can be given no earlier than three years after the agreement goes into force for the country. Withdrawal is effective one year after the depositary is notified. + On 4 August 2017, the delivered an official notice to the that the United States, the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases after China, intended to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it was eligible to do so. The notice of withdrawal could not be submitted until the agreement was in force for three years for the US, on 4 November 2019. The U.S. government deposited the notification with the Secretary General of the United Nations and officially withdrew one year later on 4 November 2020. +President signed an executive order on his first day in office, 20 January 2021, to re-admit the United States into the Paris Agreement. Following the 30-day period set by Article 21.3, the U.S. was readmitted to the agreement. took part in virtual events, saying that the US would ""earn its way back"" into legitimacy in the Paris process. welcomed the return of the United States as restoring the ""missing link that weakened the whole"". + The Paris Agreement is a short agreement with 16 introductory paragraphs and 29 articles. It contains procedural articles (covering, for example, the criteria for its entry into force) and operational articles (covering, for example, mitigation, and finance). It is a binding agreement, but many of its articles do not imply obligations or are there to facilitate international collaboration. It covers most greenhouse gas emissions, but does not apply to international aviation and shipping, which fall under the responsibility of the and the , respectively. + The Paris Agreement has been described as having a bottom-up structure, as its core mechanism allows nations to set their own nationally determined contributions (NDCs), rather than having targets imposed top down. Unlike its predecessor, the Kyoto Protocol, which sets commitment targets that have legal force, the Paris Agreement, with its emphasis on , allows for voluntary and nationally determined targets. The specific climate goals are thus politically encouraged, rather than legally bound. Only the processes governing the reporting and review of these goals are mandated under . This structure is especially notable for the United States—because there are no legal mitigation or finance targets, the agreement is considered an ""executive agreement rather than a treaty"". Because the UNFCCC treaty of 1992 received the consent of the US Senate, this new agreement does not require further legislation. + Another key difference between the Paris Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol is their scope. The Kyoto Protocol differentiated between , richer countries with a historical responsibility for climate change, and non-Annex-I countries, but this division is blurred in the Paris Agreement as all parties are required to submit emissions reduction plans. The Paris Agreement still emphasizes the principle of —the acknowledgement that different nations have different capacities and duties to climate action—but it does not provide a specific division between developed and developing nations. + Countries determine themselves what contributions they should make to achieve the aims of the treaty. As such, these plans are called (NDCs). Article 3 requires NDCs to be ""ambitious efforts"" towards ""achieving the purpose of this Agreement"" and to ""represent a progression over time"". The contributions should be set every five years and are to be registered by the . Each further ambition should be more ambitious than the previous one, known as the principle of . Countries can cooperate and pool their nationally determined contributions. The Intended Nationally Determined Contributions pledged during the are converted to NDCs when a country ratifies the Paris Agreement, unless they submit an update. + The Paris Agreement does not prescribe the exact nature of the NDCs. At a minimum, they should contain mitigation provisions, but they may also contain pledges on adaptation, finance, , and transparency. Some of the pledges in the NDCs are unconditional, but others are conditional on outside factors such as getting finance and technical support, the ambition from other parties or the details of rules of the Paris Agreement that are yet to be set. Most NDCs have a conditional component. + While the NDCs themselves are not binding, the procedures surrounding them are. These procedures include the obligation to prepare, communicate and maintain successive NDCs, set a new one every five years, and provide information about the implementation. There is no mechanism to force a country to set a NDC target by a specific date, nor to meet their targets. There will be only a system or as , the former U.N. assistant secretary-general on climate change, stated, a ""name and encourage"" plan. + Under the Paris Agreement, countries must increase their ambition every five years. To facilitate this, the agreement established the , which assesses progress, with the first evaluation in 2023. The outcome is to be used as input for new nationally determined contributions of parties. The in 2018 was seen as an example for the global stocktake. After a year of discussion, a report was published and there was a call for action, but countries did not increase ambition afterwards. + The stocktake works as part of the Paris Agreement's effort to create a ""ratcheting up"" of ambition in emissions cuts. Because analysts agreed in 2014 that the NDCs would not limit rising temperatures below 2 °C, the global stocktake reconvenes parties to assess how their new NDCs must evolve so that they continually reflect a country's ""highest possible ambition"". While ratcheting up the ambition of NDCs is a major aim of the global stocktake, it assesses efforts beyond mitigation. The five-year reviews will also evaluate adaptation, provisions, and technology development and transfer. + Article 6 has been flagged as containing some of the key provisions of the Paris Agreement. Broadly, it outlines the that parties can take in achieving their nationally determined carbon emissions reductions. In doing so, it helps establish the Paris Agreement as a framework for a global carbon market. Article 6 is the only important part of the agreement yet to be resolved; did not produce a result. The topic was settled during the . A mechanism, the ""corresponding adjustment"", was established to avoid double counting for emission offsets. + and 6.3 establish a framework to govern the (ITMOs). The agreement recognizes the rights of parties to use emissions reductions outside of their own borders toward their NDC, in a system of carbon accounting and trading. This provision requires the ""linkage"" of carbon emissions trading systems—because measured emissions reductions must avoid ""double counting"", transferred mitigation outcomes must be recorded as a gain of emission units for one party and a reduction of emission units for the other, a so called ""corresponding adjustment"". Because the NDCs, and domestic carbon trading schemes, are heterogeneous, the ITMOs will provide a format for global linkage under the auspices of the UNFCCC. The provision thus also creates a pressure for countries to adopt emissions management systems—if a country wants to use more cost-effective cooperative approaches to achieve their NDCs, they will have to monitor carbon units for their economies. + So far, as the only country who wants to buy ITMOs, Switzerland has signed deals regarding ITMO tradings with Peru, Ghana, Senegal, Georgia, Dominica, Vanuatu, Thailand and Ukraine. + -6.7 establish a mechanism ""to contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gases and support sustainable development"". Though there is no official name for the mechanism as yet, it has been referred to as the Sustainable Development Mechanism or SDM. The SDM is considered to be the successor to the , a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol by which parties could collaboratively pursue emissions reductions. + The SDM is set to largely resemble the Clean Development Mechanism, with the dual goal of contributing to global GHG emissions reductions and supporting sustainable development. Though the structure and processes governing the SDM are not yet determined, certain similarities and differences from the Clean Development Mechanisms have become clear. A key difference is that the SDM will be available to all parties as opposed to only , making it much wider in scope. + The Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol was criticized for failing to produce either meaningful emissions reductions or sustainable development benefits in most instances. and for its complexity. It is possible that the SDM will see difficulties. + received more focus in Paris negotiations than in previous climate treaties. Collective, long-term adaptation goals are included in the agreement, and countries must report on their adaptation actions, making it a parallel component with mitigation. The adaptation goals focus on enhancing , increasing , and limiting vulnerability. + Developed countries reaffirmed the commitment to mobilize $100 billion a year in by 2020, and agreed to continue mobilising finance at this level until 2025. The money is for supporting mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. It includes finance for the , which is a part of the UNFCCC, but also for a variety of other public and private pledges. The Paris Agreement states that a new commitment of at least $100 billion per year has to be agreed before 2025. + Though both mitigation and adaptation require increased climate financing, adaptation has typically received lower levels of support and has mobilized less action from the private sector. A report by the OECD found that 16% of global climate finance was directed toward climate adaptation in 2013–2014, compared to 77% for mitigation. The Paris Agreement called for a balance of climate finance between adaptation and mitigation, and specifically increasing adaptation support for parties most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including and . The agreement also reminds parties of the importance of public grants, because adaptation measures receive less investment from the public sector. + In 2015, twenty Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and members of the International Development Finance Club introduced five principles to maintain widespread climate action in their investments: commitment to climate strategies, managing climate risks, promoting climate smart objectives, improving climate performance and accounting for their own actions. As of January 2020, the number of members abiding by these principles grew to 44. + Some specific outcomes of the elevated attention to adaptation financing in Paris include the ' announcement to provide US$420 million for , and the launching of a Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) Initiative. The largest donors to multilateral climate funds, which includes the Green Climate Fund, are the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, France and Sweden. + It is not possible to adapt to all effects of climate change: even in the case of optimal adaptation, severe damage may still occur. The Paris Agreement recognizes of this kind. Loss and damage can stem from , or from slow-onset events such as the loss of land to for low-lying islands. Previous climate agreements classified loss and damage as a subset of adaptation. + The push to address loss and damage as a distinct issue in the Paris Agreement came from the and the Least Developed Countries, whose economies and livelihoods are most vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change. The , established two years earlier during COP19 and set to expire in 2016, categorizes loss and damage as a subset of adaptation, which was unpopular with many countries. It is recognized as a separate pillar of the Paris Agreement. The United States argued against this, possibly worried that classifying the issue as separate from adaptation would create yet another climate finance provision. In the end, the agreement calls for ""averting, minimizing, and addressing loss and damage"" but specifies that it cannot be used as the basis for liability. The agreement adopts the Warsaw Mechanism, an institution that will attempt to address questions about how to classify, address, and share responsibility for loss. + The parties are legally bound to have their progress tracked by technical expert review to assess achievement toward the NDC and to determine ways to strengthen ambition. Article 13 of the Paris Agreement articulates an ""enhanced transparency framework for action and support"" that establishes harmonized (MRV) requirements. Both developed and developing nations must report every two years on their mitigation efforts, and all parties will be subject to technical and peer review. + While the enhanced transparency framework is universal, the framework is meant to provide ""built-in flexibility"" to distinguish between developed and developing countries' capacities. The Paris Agreement has provisions for an enhanced framework for capacity building, recognizes the varying circumstances of countries, and notes that the technical expert review for each country consider that country's specific capacity for reporting. Parties to the agreement send their first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR), and figures to the UNFCCC by 2024 and every two years after that. Developed countries submit their first BTR in 2022 and inventories annually from that year. The agreement also develops a Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency to assist developing countries in building the necessary and processes for compliance. + Flexibility can be incorporated into the enhanced transparency framework via the scope, level of detail, or frequency of reporting, tiered based on a country's capacity. The requirement for in-country technical reviews could be lifted for some less developed or small island developing countries. Ways to assess capacity include financial and human resources in a country necessary for NDC review. + The Paris Agreement has become a focal point of climate change litigation. One of the first major cases in this area was , which was raised against the Netherlands' government after it had reduced its planned emissions reductions goal for 2030 prior to the Paris Agreement. After an initial ruling against the government in 2015 that required it to maintain its planned reduction, the decision was upheld on appeals through the in 2019, ruling that the Dutch government failed to uphold human rights under Dutch law and the by lowering its emission targets. The 2 °C temperature target of the Paris Agreement provided part of the judgement's legal basis. The agreement, whose goals are enshrined in German law, also formed part of the argumentation in , where the court ordered Germany to reconsider its climate targets. + In May 2021, the district court of ruled against oil company in . The court ruled that it must cut its global emissions by 45% from 2019 levels by 2030, as it was in violation of human rights. This lawsuit was considered the first major application of the Paris Agreement towards a corporation. + On 4 July 2022, the of recognized the Paris agreement as a "" "". According to the ruling of the court in Brazil it should ""supersede national law"". In the same month the in a resolution ""(A/HRC/50/L.10/Rev.1) on Human rights and climate change, adopted without a vote"" called to ratify and implement the agreement and emphasized the link between stopping climate change and the right to food. + The officially recognized that ""Climate change threatens the effective enjoyment of a range of human rights including those to life, water and sanitation, food, health, housing, self-determination, culture and development."" + The Paris Agreement is implemented via national policy. It would involve improvements to to decrease the of the global economy. Implementation also requires fossil fuel burning to be cut back and the share of to grow rapidly. Emissions are being reduced rapidly in the electricity sector, but not in the building, transport and heating sector. Some industries are difficult to decarbonize, and for those may be necessary to achieve . In a report released in 2022 the IPCC promotes the need for innovation and technological changes in combination with consumption and production behavioral changes to meet Paris Agreement objectives. + To stay below 1.5 °C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This is an aggregate of each country's . By mid-century, CO emissions would need to be cut to zero, and total greenhouse gases would need to be just after mid-century. + There are barriers to implementing the agreement. Some countries struggle to attract the finance necessary for investments in decarbonization. Climate finance is fragmented, further complicating investments. Another issue is the lack of capabilities in government and other institutions to implement policy. and is often not transferred to countries or places that need it. In December 2020, the former chair of the COP 21, , argued that the implementation of the Paris Agreement could be bolstered by the adoption of a . The latter would define the environmental rights and duties of states, individuals and businesses. + In September 2021, the Climate Action Tracker estimated that, with current policies, global emissions will double above the 2030 target level. The gap is 20-23 Gt CO2e. Countries such as Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and Thailand have been criticised of not doing enough to meet the requirements of the agreement, and are on track to achieve a 4°C warming of the planet if current policies are implemented more widely. Of the world's countries, only the Gambia's emissions are at the level required by the Paris Agreement. Models predicted that if the necessary measures were not implemented by autumn 2021, the global average temperature would rise by 2.9°C. With the implementation of the Paris Agreement pledges, the average temperature would rise by 2.4°C, and with every zero emission target reached, the average temperature would rise by 2.0°C. + The report states that world governments still plan to produce 110% more in 2030 (including 240% more coal, 57% more oil and 71% more gas) than the 1.5 degree limit. + In September 2023 the first global stocktake report about the implementation of the agreement was released. According to the report contrarily to expectations, the agreement has a significant effect: while in 2010 the expected temperature rise by 2100 was 3.7–4.8 °C, at it was 2.4–2.6°C and if all countries will fulfill their long-term pledges 1.7–2.1 °C. However, the world remains very far from limiting warming to 1.5 degrees. To meet this benchmark, global emissions must peak by 2025, and although emissions have peaked in some countries, global emissions have not. + The agreement was lauded by French President , UN Secretary General and , Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC. The president of Brazil, , called the agreement ""balanced and long-lasting"", and India's prime minister commended the agreement's . When the agreement achieved the required signatures in October 2016, US President said that ""Even if we meet every target, we will only get to part of where we need to go."" He also stated ""this agreement will help delay or avoid some of the worst consequences of climate change [and] will help other nations ratchet down their emissions over time."" + Some and analysts reacted cautiously, acknowledging the ""spirit of Paris"" in bringing together countries, but expressing less optimism about the pace of climate mitigation and how much the agreement could do for poorer countries. , a former NASA scientist and leading climate change expert, voiced anger that most of the agreement consists of ""promises"" or aims and not firm commitments and called the Paris talks a fraud with ""no action, just promises"". Criticism of the agreement from those arguing against climate action has been diffuse, which may be due to the weakness of the agreement. This type of criticism typically focusses on national sovereignty and ineffectiveness of international action. + The effectiveness of the Paris Agreement to reach its climate goals is under debate, with most experts saying it is insufficient for its more ambitious goal of keeping global temperature rise under 1.5 °C. Many of the exact provisions of the Paris Agreement have yet to be straightened out, so that it may be too early to judge effectiveness. According to the 2020 United Nations Environment Programme ( ), with the current climate commitments of the Paris Agreement, global mean temperatures will likely rise by more than 3 °C by the end of the 21st century. Newer commitments were not included in the , and may bring down temperatures a further 0.5 °C. + With initial pledges by countries inadequate, faster and more expensive future mitigation would be needed to still reach the targets. Furthermore, there is a gap between pledges by countries in their NDCs and implementation of these pledges; one third of the emission gap between the lowest-costs and actual reductions in emissions would be closed by implementing existing pledges. A pair of studies in found that as of 2017 none of the major industrialized nations were implementing the policies they had pledged, and none met their pledged emission reduction targets, and even if they had, the sum of all member pledges (as of 2016) would not keep global temperature rise ""well below 2 °C"". + In 2021, a study using a model concluded that the rates of emissions reductions would have to increase by 80% beyond to likely meet the 2 °C upper target of the Paris Agreement, that the probabilities of major emitters meeting their NDCs without such an increase is very low. It estimated that with current trends the probability of staying below 2 °C of warming is 5% – and 26% if NDCs were met and continued post-2030 by all signatories. + As of 2020 , there is little scientific literature on the topics of the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement on and adaptation, even though they feature prominently in the Paris Agreement. The literature available is mostly mixed in its conclusions about loss and damage, and adaptation. + According to the stocktake report, the agreement has a significant effect: while in 2010 the expected temperature rise by 2100 was 3.7–4.8 °C, at it was 2.4–2.6°C and if all countries will fulfill their long-term pledges even 1.7–2.1 °C. Despite it, the world is still very far from reaching the aim of the agreement: limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees. For doing this, emissions must peak by 2025.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/ParisAgreement.svg/300px-ParisAgreement.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/COP21_participants_-_30_Nov_2015_%2823430273715%29.jpg/300px-COP21_participants_-_30_Nov_2015_%2823430273715%29.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Secretary_Kerry_Holds_Granddaughter_Dobbs-Higginson_on_Lap_While_Signing_COP21_Climate_Change_Agreement_at_UN_General_Assembly_Hall_in_New_York_%2826512345421%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_greeting_the_President_of_Brazil%2C_Ms._Dilma_Rousseff%2C_during_Group_Photo_Session%2C_at_COP21_Summit%2C_in_Paris%2C_France_on_November_30%2C_2015.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Probability_that_countries_achieve_their_Paris_Agreement_Goals_according_to_their_nationally_determined_contributions_%28NDCs%29.webp/330px-Probability_that_countries_achieve_their_Paris_Agreement_Goals_according_to_their_nationally_determined_contributions_%28NDCs%29.webp.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/GCF_Signed_Pledges_2018.svg/310px-GCF_Signed_Pledges_2018.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Total_CO2_by_Region.svg/300px-Total_CO2_by_Region.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg/300px-Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg/300px-Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg/32px-Change_in_Average_Temperature.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/28px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/50px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/80px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/50px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/16px-Climate_change_icon.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement
+en.wikipedia.org,2011 Aegon GB Pro-Series Bath – Women's doubles - Wikipedia,"This is the first edition of the tournament. + and won the tournament after defeating and 7–6(5), 6–2 in the 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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Education issues - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 95 pages are in this category, out of 95 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Education_issues
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Scientific organizations based in Oceania - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Scientific_organizations_based_in_Oceania
+en.wikipedia.org,Talk:1-800 Contacts - Wikipedia,"I moved lines concerning corporate history to the history section. + This was a publicly traded company during the dotcom bubble. IMHO, the article should include the historic NASDAQ symbol CTAC. It was one of the few dot-coms that turned a profit. Since going private, the company seems to have become a financial football, moving from leveraged buyout firm to leveraged buyout firm. + I disagree with the rating, and changed it from A to B. This would not pass . A descriptive section of the company is missing, preferably including details such as company culture, marketing strategy and countries/states they are active in.-- 17:23, 23 March 2007 (UTC) + I've added a POV tag because the article text does not seem at all neutral, especially in the opening paragraphs; there's language like ""compelling proposition"" that sounds taken from a prospectus or something. While much of it has the ring of material lifted from a corporate web site, Google searching of the site or the Internet in general for some of the distinctive language didn't turn up any copyvios so far. Nonetheless, it's far from neutral and seems incredibly -ish. ( ) 00:13, 22 May 2008 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/35px-Clipboard.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Symbol_b_class.svg/35px-Symbol_b_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg/35px-WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg/80px-WikiProject_Business_briefcase.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/10px-WHO_Rod.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/35px-WHO_Rod.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/40px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:1-800_Contacts
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:White culture by continent or region - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:White_culture_by_continent_or_region
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Cultural lists - Wikipedia,"Lists pertaining to aspects of and its various sub-categories. + This category has the following 38 subcategories, out of 38 total. + The following 75 pages are in this category, out of 75 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cultural_lists
+en.wikipedia.org,Turkmeneli Cooperation and Culture Foundation - Wikipedia,"The is a that supports the community in and , focusing on , , and social initiatives. + The collaborates with various organizations to further its educational, cultural, and social initiatives. One such partnership is with the Avrasya İncelemeleri Merkezi/Center for Eurasian Studies (AVİM), established in Ankara, Turkey, in 2009. AVİM conducts research on topics relevant to Turkey in the Caucasus, the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and Asia, focusing particularly on Russia, the Turkic Republics, and Iraq, among other countries. The center's activities include publishing research in various formats, organizing conferences, and providing educational services. AVİM's engagement extends to issues within the European Union Organization and its member countries. + The Foundation was established to support the Turkmen community, particularly in Iraq. The Turkmen community has faced a range of challenges in Iraq, including , security, and issues. + The Foundation supports education initiatives, such as -language education in Iraq. The enrollment in these schools, including from non-Turkmen families, has increased. + The Foundation is involved in cultural and social activities that aim to support and preserve Turkmen heritage and identity. + The Foundation engages in international collaborations, focusing on cultural exchange and the promotion of Turkic history and values. + The Foundation's activities have an impact on various aspects of Turkmen life in Iraq. It advocates for rights and aims to enhance political representation.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmeneli_Cooperation_and_Culture_Foundation
+en.wikipedia.org,Yug Nirman Yojana - Wikipedia,"is an International Social Reform Movement which was started by and . + It was started for cultural, spiritual refinement and intellectual reconstruction of the world.ref> + It movement is currently running in 87 countries and also in some districts of .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yug_Nirman_Yojana
+en.wikipedia.org,United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development - Wikipedia,"The ( ), also known as , ( ), or was the third international conference on aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community. Hosted by in from 13 to 22 June 2012, Rio+20 was a 20-year follow-up to the 1992 (UNCED) held in the same city, and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 (WSSD) in . + The ten-day mega-summit, which culminated in a three-day high-level UN conference, was organized by the and included participation from 192 UN member states – including 57 Heads of State and 31 Heads of Government, private sector companies, NGOs and other groups. The decision to hold the conference was made by UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/64/236 on 24 December 2009. It was intended to be a high-level conference, including heads of state and government or other representatives and resulting in a focused political document designed to shape global environmental policy. + During the final three days of the Conference, from 20 to 22 June 2012, world leaders and representatives met for intense meetings which culminated in finalizing the non-binding document, ""The Future We Want"", which opens with: ""We the Heads of State and Government and high-level representatives, having met at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, with the full participation of civil society, renew our commitment to sustainable development and to ensuring the promotion of an economically, socially and future for our planet and for present and future generations."" + In 1992, the first conference of its kind, the (UNCED), commonly referred to as the Rio Conference or Earth Summit, succeeded in raising public awareness of the need to integrate environment and development. The conference drew 109 heads of state to , , to address what were dubbed urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development. The Earth Summit influenced subsequent UN conferences, including Rio+20 and set the global green agenda. ""The World Conference on Human Rights, for example, focused on the right of people to a healthy environment and the right to development; controversial demands that had met with resistance from some Member States until the Earth Summit."" + Major outcomes of the conference include the (UNFCCC) – a climate-change agreement that led to the , , the (CBD) and the (UNCCD). It also created new international institutions, among them the Commission on Sustainable Development, tasked with the follow-up to the Rio Conference and led to the reform of the . + Ten years later, , informally nicknamed Rio+10, was held in Johannesburg, South Africa, with the goal of again bringing together leaders from government, business and NGOs to agree on a range of measures toward similar goals. At Rio+10, was recognized as an overarching goal for institutions at the national, regional and international levels. There, the need to enhance the integration of sustainable development in the activities of all relevant United Nations agencies, programs and funds was highlighted. The discussion also encompassed the role of institutions in stepping up efforts to bridge the gap between the international financial institutions and the multilateral development banks and the rest of the UN system. + Major outcomes of that conference include the and almost 300 international partnership initiatives meant to help achieve the . + The conference had three objectives – to secure renewed political commitment for sustainable development, to assess the progress and implementation gaps in meeting previous commitments, and to address new and emerging challenges. + The official discussions had two main themes, how to build a to achieve sustainable development and lift people out of poverty, including support for developing countries that will allow them to find a green path for development; and how to improve international coordination for sustainable development by building an institutional framework. + In the months leading up to the beginning of the conference, negotiators held frequent informal consultations at UN headquarters in , and in the two weeks before the conference was scheduled to begin, they managed to reach consensus on the sensitive language in the then proposed outcome document for the summit. + According to historian in his 2014 co-authored 2014 book entitled, , the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development – Rio+20 formal preparatory process, can be divided into three phases. + Phase one took place from May 2010 to January 2012 – when preliminary intergovernmental discussions and negotiations began, and national, regional, and local level preparations were being made. This stage ended with the January 2012 publication of the draft document, ""The Future We Want"" The 1st Preparatory Committee was held from 16 to 18 May 2010, immediately after the conclusion of the eighteenth session and the first meeting of the nineteenth session of the . The 1st Intersessional – which was not a negotiation session – featured panel discussions, from academia, non-governmental organizations as well as Delegates and UN system representatives – was held from 10 to 11 January 2011 at UN Headquarters, New York. The 2nd Preparatory Committee was held from 7–8 March 2011, at in New York, immediately following the Intergovernmental Policy Meeting for the 19th Session of the . The 2nd Intersessional was held from 15 to 16 December 2011 at United Nations Headquarters in New York. + Phase two – from March 2012 to April 2012 – began with the first informal negotiations and concluded with the April 2012 release of co-chairs streamline text of ""The Future We Want"". The 3rd Intersessional was held from 5–7 March 2012 at United Nations Headquarters in New York. + Phase three – from 9 April 2012 to 15 June 2012 – began with the second round of negotiations starting on 9 April 2012, and ending with the 15 June 2012 closing of the Third Preparatory Committee meeting, when negotiators were already in , Brazil. Th three-day intense meetings with hundreds of ""heads of states from around the world"" met in Rio de Janeiro after the 3rd Preparatory Meeting had concluded. + According to a 13 June 2012 article, the ""giant, 10-day-long"" Conference underway in Rio de Janeiro which would end on 22 June 2012, was ""expected to draw 50,000 participants, including delegates, environmental activists, business leaders, and indigenous groups."" For the final three days of the conference, ""about 130 heads of state from around the world were expected to be present."" + Billed as the biggest UN event ever organized – with 15,000 soldiers and police guarding about 130 heads of state and government, from 192 countries, and the more than 45,000 individuals gathered in – the 10-day mega-conference was intended to be a high-level international gathering organized to re-direct and renew global political commitment to the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social improvement and environmental protection; focusing on reducing poverty while promoting jobs growth, clean energy and more fair, sustainable uses of resources; goals first established at Earth Summit in 1992. + The conference centered around Agenda 21, the outcome document from Earth Summit 1992. That document was considered revolutionary in that it essentially created the term sustainable development and created the global environmental agenda for the next 20 years. The representatives of participating governments gathered in Rio to discuss what was then the draft text of the outcome document. + Rio+20 sought to secure affirmations for the political commitments made at past Earth Summits and set the global environmental agenda for the next 20 years by assessing progress towards the goals set forth in Agenda 21 and implementation gaps therein, and discussing new and emerging issues. The UN wanted Rio to endorse a UN ""green economy roadmap"", with environmental goals, targets and deadlines, whereas developing countries preferred establishing new ""sustainable development goals"" to better protect the environment, guarantee food and power to the poorest, and alleviate poverty. + Rio+20 attracted many protests, and more than 500 parallel events, exhibitions, presentations, fairs and announcements as a wide range of diverse groups struggled to take advantage of the conference in order to gain international attention. The British online newspaper reported that, ""Downtown Rio de Janeiro was partly shut-down as an estimated 50,000 protesters, some of whom were naked, took to the streets."" + From 20 to 22 June 2012, world leaders and representatives met for intense meetings which culminated in finalizing the non-binding document, ""The Future We Want: Outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20–22 June 2012"", which opens with, ""We the Heads of State and Government and high-level representatives"", having met at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, with the full participation of civil society, renew our commitment to sustainable development and to ensuring the promotion of an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable future for our planet and for present and future generations."" + The first draft of the document was released in January 2012 as a result of preliminary intergovernmental discussions and negotiations that had taken place since May 2010. +A streamlined version of ""The Future We Want"" was released in April 2012 following the second phase of negotiations. + At the Rio+20 Conference in June 2012, the heads of state of the 192 governments in attendance, renewed their political commitment to sustainable development and declared their commitment to the promotion of a sustainable future through the 49-page nonbinding document, ""The Future We Want: Outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20–22 June 2012."" The dates 20 to 22 June reflect the three-day meeting of world leaders, the culmination of Rio+20. + The document largely reaffirms previous action plans like Agenda 21. + The document, ""The Future We Want,"" called for the development of (SDGs), a set of measurable targets aimed at promoting sustainable development globally. It is thought that the SDGs [would] pick up where the Millennium Development Goals leave off and address criticism that the original Goals fail to address the role of the environment in development. + There were eight key recommendations regarding the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), which included strengthening its governance to potentially become, a ""leading global environmental authority"", through universal membership, increasing its financial resources and strengthening its engagement in key UN coordination bodies. + According to a 23 June 2012 article, nations agreed to explore alternatives to GDP as a measure of wealth that take environmental and social factors into account in an effort to assess and pay for 'environmental services' provided by nature, such as and habitat protection. + Recognition that ""fundamental changes in the way societies consume and produce are indispensable for achieving global sustainable development."" EU officials suggest it could lead to a shift of taxes so workers pay less and polluters and landfill operators pay more. + The document calls the need to return ocean stocks to sustainable levels ""urgent"" and calls on countries to develop and implement science-based management plans. + All nations reaffirmed commitments to phase out . + In addition to the outcome text, there were over 400 voluntary commitments for sustainable development made by Member States. + At the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment, 40 African countries agreed to implement ""The Future We Want"". + A few key global leaders – mostly G20 leaders and namely , , and – did not attend the conference and blamed their absence on the ongoing . Their collective absence was seen as a reflection of their administrations' failure to prioritize sustainability issues. ""In not attending, the prime minister is sending out a powerful signal that the UK government does not see sustainability as a priority"", Joan Walley, chair of the UK environmental audit committee said to . + among others + Activists took initiative at Rio+20 by staging numerous protests. Activists joined forces to stand up to what they said was exploitation and degradation of the , as well as the negation of the rights of . said that activists that support protecting the environment, are particularly relevant in , as threatens ethnic groups every day. + In addition to holding signs and shouting chants, the crowds took a theatric route to convey their messages. Firstly, they poked at , claiming she has given in to the global North's corporate hand. Rousseff's controversy has arisen over her steadfast desire to further industrialize Brazil, and its economy. Additionally, the crowds assembled for a ritual and symbolic ""tearing up"" of the plenary's negotiated text, conveying their disapproval. + Thousands of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) gathered at the Flamengo Park in Rio. They criticized the draft negotiating text, particularly for its failure to mention planetary boundaries or nuclear energy, in light of the in . Organizations, such as and the , as well as members of indigenous communities, activists and artists participated. The Danish artist , the leader of the group , and the Group 92 used his Freedom to Pollute sculptures to focus on global warming and its resulting increased flow of refugees. About 20,000 flyers about Freedom to Pollute were distributed during and a related television program was produced in . + There were some demonstrations protesting the participation of the President of Iran along with the Iranian delegation. The controversy of Iranian attendance at the summit surrounds the fact that Iran has serious environmental issues, which it has refused to address, continuing human rights violations and is refusing to cooperate with the over its contentious nuclear program. Ahmadinejad was met with demonstrations, attended by thousands of people, on his 20 June arrival in Rio, + with some protesters waving banners with the slogan ""Ahmadinejad go home"". + During RIO +20 event and preparatory events included stakeholders who were invited to organize side events, promote the RIO event, submit literature and help the Rio secretariat with translation work. The logo and promotion of RIO +20 was available in languages used in . Civil societies also translated the logo image and literature in other local and National languages. + Ecology and Environment Inc., a New York-based Environmental Engineering and Consultation company partnered with UNCSD to create Project Earth Network, an online platform where schools around the world could showcase their remarkable environmental projects. In coordination with the Rio+20 event, the platform hosted a World Environment Day Global School Contest in which 7th graders at the International School of Ulaanbaatar (ISU) in Mongolia were declared the Global Winners for their awareness campaign on the environmental impact of plastic shopping bags, including research on plastic bag manufacturing processes, development of videos documenting plastic bag waste, and a school presentation at which reusable cloth shopping bags were sold to approximately 50 percent of the community. + Sarasota, Florida's Brookside Middle School won in the World Environment Day contest's North American sub-category for its mangrove propagule growth project while International School of Brussels in Belgium won the European sub-category, for their creation of a sustainable food source and composting program. The Middle-Eastern sub-category winner was Hridith Sudev, a seventh grader from in Oman for his organization, 'Project GreenWorld International', which helped promote sustainable awareness across the region through interactive projects. Hridith Sudev later went on to become an inventor and the organization has become a global environmental presence. The World Environment Day contest followed an Earth Day ""Green Schools"" contest regionally focused toward 6th to 12th grade students in the Western New York area. + The idea behind the platform was to encourage sustainability in students across the world. Despite the huge response, the platform was taken down two years later due to technical and economic constraints but has since remained as a positive legacy through the activities of students who were first recognized by the 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+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using infobox tennis tournament year footer with an unknown event - Wikipedia,"This tracking category is generated by {{ }} when called by {{ }}. + It signifies that draw articles don't exist for the preceding and following events linked in the infobox by their years. If such articles do actually exist, the links can be fixed by adding / parameters with the correct tournament name(s), and/or setting / to be the correct year(s) of those events. If the event is the first or last edition, / can be set to to remove the succession links entirely. + + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,931 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_tennis_tournament_year_footer_with_an_unknown_event
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Education - Wikipedia,"is the or of , especially to develop the reasoning, judgement and skill required in adult life and professional occupations. + This category has the following 53 subcategories, out of 53 total. + The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/28px-Diploma_icon.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Education
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations based in Oceania by subject - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 31 subcategories, out of 31 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Oceania_by_subject
+en.wikipedia.org,"Category:WikiProject United States Public Policy student projects, 2010 - Wikipedia","The following 146 pages are in this category, out of 146 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_United_States_Public_Policy_student_projects,_2010"
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:White culture - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:White_culture
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Lists - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 33 subcategories, out of 33 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Text-x-generic.svg/28px-Text-x-generic.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/28px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lists
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations based in Turkey - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Turkey
+en.wikipedia.org,Bhagwati Devi Sharma - Wikipedia,"was an Indian social reformer who was the co-founder of and patron founder of . + Bhagvati Devi married in 1946. She assisted him in managing (AWGP) and after his death, she succeeded him as head of AWGP. Her followers call her ( ). + + This biographical article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagwati_Devi_Sharma
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:June 2012 events in South America - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:June_2012_events_in_South_America
+en.wikipedia.org,1984 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships – Singles - Wikipedia,"was the defending champion, but lost in the final to 16-year old . The score was 7–6, 3–6, 6–4. + The top eight receive a into the second 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+en.wikipedia.org,Wellbeing Literacy - Wikipedia,"is defined as the intentional use of relevant vocabulary, knowledge, and language skills to maintain or improve the wellbeing of oneself, others, and the world. The term was originally coined and published by and colleagues in 2017, who described wellbeing literacy as the potential ""missing link"" or ""missing ingredient"" in , and now supports systems-informed approaches to education (2020). + More broadly, wellbeing literacy relates to how people communicate about and for wellbeing (2021). + Wellbeing literacy is a construct that reflects the intersection between the words that people use to describe wellbeing and the understanding they have of wellbeing, according to and Higgins (2022). + is underpinned by a (i.e., what someone is able to be and do), a language use capability and model for communication about wellbeing which has five components: vocabulary and knowledge, comprehension, composition, context, and . + The capability model of wellbeing literacy can be contextualized for early childhood education; with child, educator, and family benefits, and offers potential insights into the process of wellbeing gains for children in the early years of education (2021). + Wellbeing literacy and language use influences which makes and plays an important role in proactively influencing wellbeing among university students, including among diverse populations, such as Chinese international students (2020).",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Five_Components_of_Wellbeing_Literacy.png/281px-The_Five_Components_of_Wellbeing_Literacy.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellbeing_Literacy
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations by continent and subject - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_by_continent_and_subject
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject United States Public Policy student projects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_United_States_Public_Policy_student_projects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:White (human racial classification) - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:White_(human_racial_classification)
+en.wikipedia.org,Mnemonic link system - Wikipedia,"A , sometimes also known as a , is a method of remembering lists that is based on creating an between the elements of that list. For example, when memorizing the list (dog, envelope, thirteen, yarn, window), one could create a story about a ""dog stuck in an envelope, mailed to an unlucky thirteen black cat playing with yarn by the window"". It is argued that the story would be easier to remember than the list itself. + Another method is to actually link each element of the list with a of an image that includes two elements in the list that are next to each other. This would form an open which could be traversed at will, backwards or forwards. For example, in the last list one could imagine their dog inside of a giant envelope, then a black cat eating an envelope. The same logic would be used with the rest of the items. The observation that absurd images are easier to remember is known as the , although the success of this effect was refuted by several studies (Hock et al. 1978; Einstein 1987), which found that the established connection between the two words is more important than the image's . + In order to access a certain element of the list, one needs to recite the list step by step, much in the same vein as a , in order to get the element from the system. + There are three limitations to the link system. The first is that there is no numerical order imposed when memorizing, hence the practitioner cannot immediately determine the numerical position of an item; this can be solved by bundling numerical markers at set points in the chain or using the instead. The second is that if any of the items is forgotten, the entire list may be in jeopardy. The third is the potential for confusing repeated segments of the list, a common problem when memorizing . This limitation can be resolved either through bundling or by using either the peg system or the .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic_link_system
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations based in the Balkans - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_the_Balkans
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 14,089 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo-with-magnifying-glass-icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Date_of_birth_not_in_Wikidata
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:June 2012 events by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:June_2012_events_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1984 in American tennis - Wikipedia,"This is for the sport of in the in the year . + This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 51 pages are in this category, out of 51 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tennis_ball.svg/28px-Tennis_ball.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1984_in_American_tennis
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Well-being - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to , defined as what is intrinsically valuable relative someone. So the well-being of a person is what is ultimately good this person, what is in the of this person. + The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Well-being
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations by continent - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_by_continent
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia articles as assignments - Wikipedia,"This is a list of articles that are the such as high schools and universities. For more information, see "" "". Articles are automatically placed in this category if their talk pages are tagged with the banner ""{{ }}"". + + This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,271 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_as_assignments
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Human skin color - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 28 pages are in this category, out of 28 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_skin_color
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Mnemonics - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 74 pages are in this category, out of 74 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mnemonics
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations based in Europe - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Europe
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Wikipedia categories tracking data not in Wikidata - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 240 total. + The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_categories_tracking_data_not_in_Wikidata
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:June 2012 events - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:June_2012_events
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Tennis in the United States by year - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 145 subcategories, out of 145 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_the_United_States_by_year
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Quality of life - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to , defined by the as ""an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns"". Standard indicators of the quality of life include , , the , and , , and , , , , and . + This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 50 pages are in this category, out of 50 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Quality_of_life
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Organizations based in South America - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total. + The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_South_America
+en.wikipedia.org,Talk:Arthur M. Wellington - Wikipedia,"This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available . Student editor(s): . Peer reviewers: . + + This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available . Student editor(s): , . + + This article is rated in accordance with two different Wiki Projects it is a part of. The first project is the WikiProject Biography, which is a collaborative effort to create, develop, and organize Wikipedia's articles about people. This article's rating in that project scope's quality scale is a Start-Class which means that this article is developing but remains somewhat incomplete due to a lack of meaningful content and references to reliable sources. By improving this article in this regard, perhaps it can advance to a better rating in this project scope. + The second project this article is rated in accordance with is the WikiProject Trains, which is an attempt to build a comprehensive and detailed guide to rail transport on Wikipedia. This article's rating in that project scope's quality scale is a Start-Class, which means that this article is developing but remains somewhat incomplete due to a lack of meaningful content and references to reliable sources. By improving this article in that regard, perhaps it can advance to a better rating in this project scope. Additionally, the article is rated in accordance with this project's importance scale as a Low-importance, meaning that this article is not required knowledge for a broad understanding of rail transport technology or history. + It will be interesting to see what future improvements can be made on this article in the way of edits, and how much it can advance in the various scales of the projects it is a part of. + ( ) 22:25, 4 February 2018 (UTC) + +This Article is about Arthur M Wellington, both an engineer and author of the Egnineerng Economics and the Principles of Engineering. - WIP ( ) 18:26, 27 February 2018 (UTC) + This article does well at depicting the undertakings and early existence of Arthur M Wellington, yet neglects to recognize his thoughts for the designing economy. Wellington is viewed as a father of the building economy with his accentuation on thinking about an extensive variety of other options to taking care of a solitary issue, even the alternative of doing nothing if there is no gainful return down the line. ( ) 03:32, 29 April 2018 (UTC)MarquisJohnHall + The current picture of Arthur M Wellington in the article is that of the . I found a public domain copy of the arthur wellington photo in the I will replace the current one with the 1895 one. Cheers ( ) 17:02, 16 September 2018 (UTC) + + Initially written by Wellington in 1887, with the final 6th edition being published in 1910. There were discrepancies in the article about the specific dates surrounding publishing the book, this citation would clear up any misinformation. ( ) 23:02, 2 February 2019 (UTC) + + This journal provides more information on Arthur Wellington that was not cited in the references and may be relevant to this article. ( ) 06:50, 3 February 2019 (UTC) + + + This link above leads to a journal, Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, Volumes 14-15, that provides information on a detailed aspect of some of Wellington's most famous works + + ( ) 16:28, 3 February 2019 (UTC) + The link associated with the ""Arthur Wellington Prize"" didn't exist. So, the new link has been updated. Would anyone mind adding reference in the article for the link "" "". + Here is a proposed citation: “Arthur M. Wellington Prize.” American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), www.asce.org/templates/award-detail.aspx?id=1605. + Thank you, - ( ) 14:22, 3 February 2019 (UTC) + We can add some articles about him ( ) 05:40, 5 February 2019 (UTC) + The article was short in length, though covered the influences and impact that Wellington brought to the civil engineering profession. The article throughout deemed to be stayed neutral, but lacked certain important content the would be essential to understanding the contribution Wellington established mainly in railroad. The article did not elaborate on the book he written ""The Economic Theory of the Location of Railways"" in 1877. The book along with his name was introduced in the first sentence of the article, showing how significant the book is to Wellington's legacy. If the article would have gave further information about the book, the article's strength would have improved. + ( ) 22:59, 10 February 2019 (UTC)",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/35px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Suspension_bridge_pattern_german2.svg/35px-Suspension_bridge_pattern_german2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Suspension_bridge_pattern_german2.svg/80px-Suspension_bridge_pattern_german2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/25px-Crystal_personal.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/Robot_ic%C3%B4n.svg/18px-Robot_ic%C3%B4n.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Crystal_personal.svg/60px-Crystal_personal.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/Robot_ic%C3%B4n.svg/23px-Robot_ic%C3%B4n.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg/33px-Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg/70px-Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/50px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/40px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/40px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arthur_M._Wellington
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pigmentation - Wikipedia,"The deposition or aggregation of matter in an , or . + See also . + This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pigmentation
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Word play - Wikipedia,"See also: , + This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 51 pages are in this category, out of 51 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Word_play
+en.wikipedia.org,World Association of Zoos and Aquariums - Wikipedia,"The ( ) is the for the world and community. Its mission is to provide leadership and support for zoos, aquariums, and partner organizations of the world in animal care and welfare, conservation of , environmental education and global sustainability. + After the (IUDZG), founded in 1935 at , , ceased to exist during , it was refounded in in 1946 by a group of zoo directors from allied or neutral countries. In 1950 IUDZG became an international organisation member of . + In 1991 the IUDZG adopted a new name, , and revised its membership rules to include regional zoo associations. + In 2000 the organization got its current name, the , to reflect a more modern institution working together at a global level. The association wants to build cooperative approaches to common needs, tackle common issues, share information and knowledge. WAZA also represents the zoo community in other international bodies such as the or at Conferences of the Parties to global Conventions, such as , or . + All members of the WAZA network are obliged to comply with ""WAZA's Code of Ethics and Animal Welfare"", adopted by WAZA in 2003. + Members of the association include leading zoos and aquariums, and regional and national Associations of Zoos and Aquariums as well as some affiliate organizations, such as zoo veterinarians or zoo educators, from all around the world. Together they are 'United for Conservation'. + WAZA institutional members includes more than 250 zoos and aquaria. + In addition, about 1300 zoos are linked to WAZA through membership in one of the about 25 regional or national association members. + Outside of the WAZA associations with direct memberships, there are also regional organizations who are members of the WAZA through an affiliated regional organization. + According to the organization, there are two characteristics that all the institutions known as 'zoos' have in common: + The definition of ""zoo"" is a broad one and it may also incorporate , , , , rescue centers, or even so called ""roadside zoos"" where animals are often kept in problematic sub-standard conditions. +In the view of the rest of the zoo community, which is committed to the principles of and conservation, these roadside zoos do a lot of damage to the image of zoos in general and should be either assisted to reach a level of minimum standard or be closed down (which raises the problem what should be done with the animals they keep). +Not all of sanctuaries are managed by experienced zoo professionals and staff, being able to deal with a variety of animals with different needs and requirements. Also the keeping conditions sometimes do not meet highest standards and in a number of instances the enclosures reach rather soon their carrying capacity, because it is usually very difficult if not impossible to release the animals into the wild (and also difficult to find suitable and appropriate places in zoos), making it impossible to further accept more animals. +This may give rise to unjustified critique towards zoos in general in particular by some , which object to the keeping of wild animals (and for that matter also of and in human care). Keeping wild animals in zoos is even seen as human domination over other creatures. On the other hand, objective and science-based critique by the less extreme and recognized organizations is usually well received and may lead to improvements of problematic keeping conditions in specific cases. The ""umbrella organisation"" worldwide for the world zoo and aquarium community today, the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) has a complaint procedure, allowing to follow up on complaints received from the public. +Among the questions that may be raised are: + The modern type zoo aims to keep healthy, physically sound animals in natural surroundings, allowing them to behave naturally and normally. What is done in the interests of the animals kept is also done in the interest of the zoo visitors, who can thus observe the animals as if they were in nature. +The aims for the modern zoo are , , and . In fact modern zoos consider themselves as centers for conservation of through programs ( ) in particular of threatened species as well as various programs, such as and restocking projects, supporting in-situ conservation projects (protection of species and/or their habitat), transfer of knowledge and techniques, in situ educational programs aimed at the local people and at the politicians, biological programs (research and monitoring), projects, social work among the local people, activities and much more on a national and international scale. Therefore, some zoos call themselves today ""conservation parks"" or ""bioparks"". In the world, zoos more and more see themselves as modern arks for endangered and rare species. Within the concept of the modern ark, even projects of "" "" have been initiated, where and are stored under deep-freeze conditions in order to preserve them for a very long time. The mission of WAZA is to provide leadership and support for zoos, aquariums, and partner organizations of the world in animal care and welfare, conservation of biodiversity, environmental education and global . + Indeed, zoos are at present rapidly evolving to serve in multiple ways as conservation centres. Professional capacities of concern and subjects communicated to the public in earlier phases of zoo development are now vital services to conservation. As conservation centres, zoos must additionally address sustainable relationships of humankind and nature, explain the values of ecosystems and the necessity of conserving biological diversity, practice the conservation ethic throughout zoo operations and cooperate within the world zoo network and with other conservation organizations. +In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on creating new and dynamic exhibits at zoos that provide significant enrichment opportunities for the animals on display while also offering visitors a unique viewing and learning experience. + involve zoo visitors in the environmental circumstances of the animals and such experiences are conductive to favorable reception by visitors of strong conservation messages. + Only zoos, and can operate across the whole spectrum of conservation activities, from breeding of threatened species, research, public education, training and influencing and advocacy, through to in situ support of species, populations and their habitats. They uniquely have a massive 'captive audience' of visitors whose knowledge, understanding, attitude, behaviour and involvement can all be positively influenced and harnessed. They have a huge resource of technical skills and dedicated people. As habitats shrink and collection-managed populations grow, the definition of what is a zoo, what is a botanic garden, what is a reserve, and who is a collection-based conservationist, who is a field-based conservationist, will inevitably blur. Indeed, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens have an opportunity to establish themselves as models of 'integrated conservation'. In the German speaking part of Europe e.g. 45 zoos have united themselves in the ""Foundation species conservation"" with the purpose to advertise conservation projects on a large scale. + Today many animal species are threatened with extinction to a great extent because of increasing threats to their natural habitat. +Zoos do not only keep such species in their custody with a view to maintaining reserve populations, but they increasingly link their activities with conservation projects in the field ("" ""). + With the human population worldwide constantly increasing together with an ever increase in demand for resources, and destruction of natural habitats, the role of zoos as conservation centres and will become even more important in the coming years, combined with accumulating experience and knowledge on and conservation by the worldwide zoo community, which is increasingly committed to integrated conservation. + Members of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the wider WAZA Network undertake or support thousands of , or combined - projects. It is estimated that zoos, aquariums and zoo and aquarium associations jointly expend in excess of 50 million euros per year for such projects. Reintroduction and restocking projects have been undertaken with about 200 species. In addition, in situ activities include now often also educational programmes aimed at the local people and at the politicians, biological programmes (research and monitoring), socio-economic projects, social work among the local people, public relations activities and much more on a national and international scale – all in order to secure the conservation efforts far into the future. + Since these efforts are largely invisible to the general public, in 2003 WAZA started allowing organisations to request and use the WAZA brand on projects executed or supported by the WAZA constituency. Currently more than 150 projects around the world are WAZA branded. + In 1993, The World Zoo Organisation (IUDZG) and the Captive Breeding Specialist Group of The World Conservation Union (IUCN) published The World Zoo Conservation Strategy. That strategy defined, for the first time in a single document, the responsibilities and opportunities that the international zoo and aquarium community needed, in order to be fully involved in nature conservation. The pressures and threats to wildlife remain and have indeed increased. The need for help in conservation has intensified. It is therefore an opportune time for all zoos and aquariums to re-examine the ways and means by which they can consolidate and increase their support and involvement in conservation. +In 2005 a revised, second strategy, ""Building a Future for Wildlife: the World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy"", was published by the World Zoo and Aquarium Association (WAZA). This document reinforces and expands the overall themes of the first document and presents a vision of the roles that all zoos and aquariums can and must play in the conservation of wildlife and of their ecosystems. The 72-page document, which is the result of assistance and advice from over 350 people, is truly international in its scope and in its production. +The Strategy is aimed at all zoos and aquariums, however large or small, however rich or poor, and not just those that are members of WAZA. The Strategy provides a common philosophy for zoos and aquariums across the globe and defines the standards and policies that are necessary to achieve their goals in conservation. The 2005 Strategy will be of use and interest not to only zoo and aquarium people but to anyone concerned with biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. +The document begins with a supportive foreword from the Director General of The World Conservation Union (IUCN), and a preface by the President of WAZA and by the Chair of the WAZA Conservation Committee, that set out the genesis and production of the Strategy. The document comprises nine chapters, with each chapter having a summary, a vision statement, a main text, conclusions, and a series of recommendations. +This Strategy will be used by individual zoos and aquariums, by national and regional associations, and by WAZA itself, as the basis for the development of action plans for the implementation of the recommendations. + The document is available today in English, German and Russian. Bahasa, French, Japanese and Polish versions, as well as Urdu, Hindi, Bengali or Bangla, Dari and Singala summaries are currently under preparation. + In 2009, the World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy (WZACS) was especially implemented for the international aquarium community in the document entitled . + According to the current (2008), 37 animal species are . Zoo-bred animals of several species listed by IUCN as extinct in the wild did survive in zoos and have been reintroduced to parts of their former range in recent years ( , and the ). + The IUCN list also contains other species which were extinct in the wild in the past but which have survived in human care, and several of them have been reintroduced by zoos and wildlife parks to their original habitat ( , , , , , , , ). +However the IUCN does not list two species of which were rediscovered recently surviving in human care. + International for endangered and rare species are kept under the auspices of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). In most cases, staff of WAZA member institutions serve as studbook keepers. The International Studbook Office is hosted by the , and a staff member of the WAZA executive office acts as International Studbook Coordinator. Within WAZA, the Committee on Population Management (CPM) is the body dealing primarily with studbook issues. +As of March 2008, there were 183 international studbooks including all subspecies and species that are kept as separate studbooks. Altogether, there are studbooks (international and regional) and/or breeding programmes for more than 850 different taxa. + Animal collections in individual zoos and aquariums are typically too small to be of much value to long-term conservation. Therefore, cooperative international or regional breeding programmes are required to form large, viable populations. These cooperative breeding programmes serve many purposes: providing animals for public educational and/or exhibit opportunities; providing fund-raising material; providing research collections from which to gain basic knowledge of animal biology and husbandry; and, on a larger scale, providing demographic and genetic backup to wild populations. To serve in all of these roles fully, these populations must be viable over the long term. This requires that they be demographically stable, healthy, well maintained and capable of self-sustaining reproduction, distributed among several institutions to lessen the risks of catastrophic loss, of sufficient size to maintain high levels of genetic diversity. +Conservation breeding programmes (such as the (SSP), established 1981, or the (EEP), established 1985) are typically organized at the level of the regional associations, in particular and , because the exchange of animals between regions is expensive and - mainly due to veterinary restrictions - difficult. At its 2003 Annual Meeting, however, WAZA adopted a procedure for establishing interregional programmes, which may concern a number of species for which International Studbooks have been established. + Until today only few of the rare, endangered or extinct-in-the-wild species could be saved from complete extinction by keeping and breeding them in human care. But it may be well too early to really evaluate the contribution of zoos breeding programmes to the preservation of biodiversity. + WAZA works in partnership with international organisations with a view to contribute to the conservation of biodiversity. +Two examples of WAZA supported projects on the occasion of the International Year of the Gorilla 2009 are: + is supported by the (USA), (Canada), La (France), La Vallée des Singes (France), (CARPE program), , and . Since the early 90s, WCS aims to help conserve biodiversity in Congo by working with the government, local communities and private sector partners to adopt a landscape scale management approach, establishing and maintaining a network of well-managed protected areas, +including the Nouabalé - Ndoki National Park. + , implemented by Kolmarden Foundation, the of Iowa (Iowa Zoo), , Zoo Boise, supported by Wildlife Conservation Society ( ), Great Ape Conservation Fund (US Fish and Wildlife Service), African Great Apes Programme ( ), Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Berggorilla and Regenwald Direkthilfe, . +The Cross River gorilla project in Nigeria has four main +components: + Zoos and aquariums appeal to a very broad audience and have huge visitor numbers throughout the world. They enable people to develop appreciation, wonder, respect, understanding, care and concern about nature. They therefore have the potential to be a very important source of environmental awareness, training and action for a sustainable future on a local, national, regional or international scale. In fact they are excellent centres in which to inform people about the natural world and the need for its conservation. Awareness can be converted into action with positive benefits for wildlife, people and conservation. + Living animals have an enormous power of attraction. Seeing, hearing and smelling them has huge educational significance in itself. The primary goal of living exhibits is and educators increasingly are involved in the design of the exhibits. Animals are displayed in more natural settings, mixed exhibits and/or exhibits provide contextual story-led or message-driven experiences, using a variety of interpretation techniques. With an increasingly population, this contact with nature is of vital importance and zoos build on it to promote and support conservation. Visitors will then more easily understand the concepts of and the interdependence of species, and , and recognize the links with human actions. + Zoos and aquariums have recognized that the visitors' experience is also affected by the welfare of the animals and their enclosures. Zoos therefore ensure that positive educational messages are not compromised or confused by poor conditions or poor and that the animals are exhibited in the best conditions possible, in enclosures that enable them to live as naturally as possible and to exhibit natural behaviour as far as possible. + Furthermore, enclosures clearly and correctly identify the animals in them. Signs highlight threatened species and species in regional, national and international coordinated breeding programmes. + A number of activities allow , such as keeper talks, close encounters, hands-on experiences, exhibits that allow visitor access, exhibits with a clear biological theme. Whenever animal demonstrations form part of the programme, they contain an education or conservation message. + Resource material and education information is displayed and made available to the general public and zoo audience. This includes leaflets, guidebooks, teachers' notes, resource packs and worksheets. + WAZA provides interactive, structured educational , classes, and resources tailored to meet the specific needs of groups, zoos and aquariums and contribute to learning and understanding as part of local and national frameworks. Many zoos now have an education department, a classroom, and full-time educational officers. + WAZA encourages all of its staff to participate in local, national, regional and international networks such as the (IZEA) and its regional groups. + Today, through their living collections, zoos and aquariums can make a unique contribution to conservation-directed research. No other network of institutions can provide, as a resource for study, representative populations of so diverse an array of the world's wildlife. In addition, zoos and aquariums offer a rare venue for researchers and the public to meet and communicate, providing a platform for interpreting the outcome of research and explaining the implications for conservation action. + There are two main divisions of research in zoos and aquariums: (1) research that is aimed at new knowledge to help the institution achieve its goals, and (2) research that is undertaken in a zoo by others to achieve their own goals, without being inconsistent with those of the organization. Under the first division would fall research on husbandry, visitor preferences, educational and interpretation methods, conservation approaches etc., to a greater or lesser extent depending on a zoo's particular mission. The latter division would include assisting researchers from universities and research organizations by providing access to and or material from non-domesticated species for comparative analyses. +It is impossible to describe all of the research undertaken by and at zoos and aquariums. Though there are areas of overlap, research can be divided into the following categories: + Although is today not the main aim of zoos anymore, it is clear that it plays still a very important role. People, especially from urbanized areas are often alienated from nature, have in a zoo the opportunity to relax and to enjoy a naturalistic environment in their very neighborhood. The profound positive influence nature – also in form of plants and – has on the psychic well-being of men, women and children in the very hectic, technical (and often virtual) world today has been demonstrated many times. Zoos make here no exception. They are places without the daily stress of the professional life, usually places of quiet and calmness with profound positive emotional experiences that allow people to immerge into another world – even in the middle of busy cities. This therefore is also one of the many reasons why zoos are visited today by young and old by the millions. + Zoos personnel know that this experience is possible only if visitors have the impression that the animals are healthy and well kept in naturalistic habitat-like enclosures. Therefore, when planning new exhibits today this is taken into consideration. + Within the twentieth century great strides had been made in the development of management methods and of principles and techniques relating to the maintenance of captive populations that increasingly satisfied the physical and psychological needs of the animals. +Together with the increasing practical experiences in modern , various developments in the science of (in particular prevention and control of and causes of ), enormous technical advances and the accumulation of knowledge of all kinds, it became possible to venture exhibits which before had not seemed possible. +Zoos today provide exhibits of such size, volume, structure and objects as to allow the animals to express their natural behaviours. Also the animals are provided areas to which they may retreat. In addition separate facilities are available to allow separation of animals where necessary, e.g. cubbing dens. Efforts are made to protected animals at all times from conditions detrimental to their well-being. + Proper feeding management of wild animals in zoos and aquariums incorporates both husbandry skills and applied nutritional sciences. As a basic foundation of animal management, nutrition is integral to longevity, disease prevention, growth and reproduction. Additionally food collecting and/or gathering contributes to behavioral enrichment and provides occupation. Quite elaborate systems of food presentation (dead rats) have been developed (e.g. in Switzerland for wild cats), where computer programmed various mechanic devices allow the animals in the enclosure to search for prey as in their natural environment. However, in some cases animals in zoos need to be fed with other live animals, because they would not eat non-living food items. Whenever this has to be done however, the prey should have, as in natural conditions, a possibility to hide and it must be assured that the prey animal is killed as quickly as possible without pain and suffering. Whenever the animals accept dead prey or food items, they are not to be given live animals as food. + Indeed, most contemporary zoos led by professionals are aware of environmental enrichment, also called , as a part of the daily care of animals. Environmental enrichment refers to the practice of providing animals with environmental . The goal of environmental enrichment is to improve an animal's quality of life by increasing physical activity, stimulating natural behaviors, and preventing or reducing . + Also the use of behavioral training, as another method of behavioral enrichment, has often contributed to the animals well-being as well as allowed zoos to improve dramatically their ability to care for animals, while reducing animal stress and increasing safety for both keeper and animal during care procedures. It is self-evident that such training must be done by expert keepers in a way that is appropriate to the animals, based on biological and scientifically sound learning principles. + At the beginning of the twentieth century, zoos acquired many animals that were caught in the wild. Today however zoos acquire animals much more frequently through their ex-situ breeding programs, trade or exchange (or loans and gifts) among zoos (often following the advice of the appropriate Species Co-ordinators). Zoos make sure that institutions receiving their animals have appropriate facilities to hold them and skilled staff that are capable of maintaining the same high standard of husbandry and welfare as they themselves. However it is recognized that, from time to time, there is a legitimate need for conservation breeding programs, education programs or basic biological studies, to obtain animals from the wild. The collection, trade, and transport of wild animals is strictly regulated today by national and international legislation (in particular , and ) and is controlled by government agencies. In particular the CITES provisions make sure that such acquisitions will not have a deleterious effect upon the wild population. Various surveys have shown however that the acquisition of wild caught animals (in particular mammals, birds and reptiles) by zoos has decreased significantly in the last years and that zoos increasingly manage to maintain their collections without introduction of animals caught in the wild. Indeed, many species are bred in zoos using sophisticated, and expensive, scientific procedures. + The situation is somewhat different for aquaria, where – although an increasing number of fish and invertebrates can be bred in human care – still newly acquired animals are predominantly wild-caught. One of the reasons is that reproduction in aquaria just has not been possible yet or is – still – too expensive. + In fact the World Zoo Conservation Strategy published in 1993 states ""that the commercial wild animal trade as a source of zoo animals should cease as soon as possible. Such animals as must be collected from the wild must be collected for specific educational and conservation purposes. They should not be chosen from dealers' lists of animals randomly collected for commercial purposes."" These goals, while more pertinent in 1993, are still valid and show up again in the World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy published in 2005. Since then, this has meant that zoos disapprove of selling their ""surplus"" animals to animal dealers, auctions and , unaccredited zoos and individuals without the necessary knowledge and expertise, respectively without the keeping-license required by national legislation. + All animals being transferred are usually accompanied today by appropriate records with details of health, diet, reproductive and genetic status and behavioural characteristics having been disclosed at the commencement of negotiations. These records will allow the receiving institution to make appropriate decisions regarding the future management of the animal. All animal transfers must conform to the international standards and laws applying to the particular species. Where appropriate or required by legislation, animals are accompanied by qualified staff. + and animal welfare organizations also contact zoos whenever the need arises to place an animal because it has been illegally imported or acquired or has been rescued from unsuitable circumstances and which needs special and expert care and appropriate housing. Zoos usually are cooperative but they also may have to decline to take such animals in their custody when e.g. they do not have appropriate facilities, have no appropriate enclosures, fear the risk of when accepting an animal of unknown origin, don't see any purpose in incorporating an animal of unknown origin into their breeding program or see no way how such an animal could be integrated socially into their group of conspecifics. + In keeping with the requirements of animal welfare standards, the adaptive capacity of wild animals in zoos must not be compromised, nor their functional capabilities allowed to atrophy. Furthermore, animals in zoos must be kept in a manner that accommodates their natural behaviour. Reproductive behaviour is central to this consideration. Reproduction in all its aspects ( , , nest building, parents-infant bonding, socialization of the young, integrating offspring into the group, influencing the social structure, transfer of knowledge, capabilities and traditions etc.) is indeed a significant part of the animal's natural behaviour. Impeding may cause distress, social disorder, deprivation etc. Therefore, generally speaking, animals should not be prevented from breeding. However whilst this principle is valid for all animal species irrespective of their emotional value, it is not applicable to each and every individual. In the implementation of this principle, it may be necessary to humanely individual animals at times that approximate certain critical events they would encounter in the wild state (e.g. birth, , leaving the family group). In nature animals generally produce surplus offspring and not every individual is actually able to reproduce. In addition to the already mentioned critical phases in the life cycle of an animal, various other factors such as , , disease, , , and climate regulate population sizes. Reproductive management in zoos should reflect natural circumstances. In regulating the size of their animal stocks and populations zoos thus may pursue the following strategies: + When contraception is considered, the possible side effects of both surgical and chemical contraception, as well as the negative impact on behavior and social structure of the group should be considered before the final decision to implement contraception is made. + When all options have been investigated and none of these measures are feasible without causing stress or impacting upon group behaviour and the decision is taken that it is necessary to euthanize an animal, care will be taken to ensure it is carried out in a fear free environment and a manner that ensures a quick death without suffering. Euthanasia may be controlled by local customs and laws but should always be used in preference to keeping an animal alive under conditions which do not allow it to experience an appropriate quality of life. Whenever possible a post-mortem examination should be performed and biological material preserved for research and gene conservation. If and allows it, there is nothing wrong with ""recycling"" remains of such animals into the zoo's own . + Zoos usually avoid talking about death. In particular, they do not convey that sometimes it may be unavoidable to kill animals with a view of keeping a breeding programme alive and viable. +The largest problem for long-term conservation breeding at zoos will be the lack of understanding by the public that nature is based on surplus, i.e. that always more animals are born than are necessary for maintaining their own species, and that these surplus animals will end up in the food chain, thus ensuring the survival of other species. + A permanent Executive Office has been established in October 2001. The Office was located in the centre of , Switzerland at this time. From May 2010 to September 2018, the WAZA Executive Office was situated in the heart of IUCN's newly built Conservation Centre in , Switzerland. The permanent executive office of WAZA is currently located in the city of , Spain. + Under a it provides also secretariat support to the (IZEA).",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WAZA_logo.svg/220px-WAZA_logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bufo_periglenes2.jpg/230px-Bufo_periglenes2.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Status_iucn3.1.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Status_TNC.svg/220px-Status_TNC.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums
+en.wikipedia.org,Yose HaKohen - Wikipedia,"Rabbi ( , ; : ) was a second-generation who lived at the end of the first century CE, a student of Rabban . + His opinion is only mentioned once in the . The says about him that he learned with Rabbi , and that his teacher, Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai, praised his knowledge of wisdom. + The Mishnah relates that his teacher and colleagues referred to him as ""pious"" (""hasid""). Some identify him with Rabbi Yose Katnuta (""the Small""), about whom the Mishna states: ""When Rabbi Yosei the Small died, that was the end of the pious."" Some claim that the reason he appears so rarely in the Mishna is because of his humility. The Talmud says of him that he was so careful about the laws of that, ""a document in his handwriting was never found in the hand of a gentile,"" to prevent even a gentile from transgressing Shabbat by carrying his letter in a public place. + Rabbi Yose also appears as a , when he explained difficult verses before Rabban , and as an ethical teacher of when he was asked by his teacher, Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai, ""Which is the straight path that a person should cleave to?"" Rabbi Yose answered, ""A good neighbor."" To the converse question, of ""What is the wicked path that a person should distance himself from?"" he answered, ""A bad neighbor."" He is also mentioned as someone who comforted Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai after the death of his son. + claims that Rabbi Yosi Hacohen should not be confused with Rabbi Yosef Hacohen, who is mentioned in the Mishna but was not one of the sages. + There is a supposed grave of Rabbi Yose HaKohen in , though it is also claimed that he was buried near Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai in . Local residents mark the anniversary of his death ( ) on 15th of .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Grave_of_Rabbi_Yossi_Ha-Kohen.JPG/220px-Grave_of_Rabbi_Yossi_Ha-Kohen.JPG|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yose_HaKohen
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:June events - Wikipedia,"Events occurring in . + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 229 total. + The following 82 pages are in this category, out of 82 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:June_events
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Tennis by country and year - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 45 subcategories, out of 45 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tennis_by_country_and_year
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Patient - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 21 pages are in this category, out of 21 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Patient
+en.wikipedia.org,Public Health Institute of Chile - Wikipedia,"The ( ) is a public organization that promotes and protects in . Since 2019, the ISP has been a member of (VSN), a global network of websites established by the (WHO). + This -related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Logotipo_del_Instituto_de_Salud_P%C3%BAblica_de_Chile.png/220px-Logotipo_del_Instituto_de_Salud_P%C3%BAblica_de_Chile.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Instituto_de_Salud_P%C3%BAblica_20190519.jpg/220px-Instituto_de_Salud_P%C3%BAblica_20190519.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/20px-Esculaap4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Health_Institute_of_Chile
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:C-Class rail transport articles - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles that have been assessed by the . Articles are automatically placed in the appropriate sub-category when a rating is given; please see the for more information. + This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 6,507 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/63/Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg/50px-Three_rail_tracks_350.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_rail_transport_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Biological processes - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to . A phenomenon marked by changes that lead to a particular result, mediated by one or more products. + This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. + The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Biological_processes
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Humour - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total. + The following 100 pages are in this category, out of 100 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/SMirC-laugh.svg/28px-SMirC-laugh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Humour
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1935 establishments in Switzerland - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/28px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1935_establishments_in_Switzerland
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pirkei Avot rabbis - Wikipedia,"These are the who appear in the known as , or ""Ethics of the Fathers."" + The following 39 pages are in this category, out of 39 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pirkei_Avot_rabbis
+en.wikipedia.org,Zeta Perseids - Wikipedia,"The (ζ–Perseids) are a daylight that takes place from about May 20 to July 5. On the peak date of June 13, the is only 16 degrees from the Sun. The shower was discovered at in 1947 using radio equipment. The Zeta Perseids and are both probably associated with the of meteor showers. The and Zeta Perseids maxima tend to blend into one another. + This meteoroid-, meteor-, or meteorite-related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Arietids.png/290px-Arietids.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Meteor_falling_courtesy_NASA.gif/65px-Meteor_falling_courtesy_NASA.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bolide.jpg/40px-Bolide.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta_Perseids
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Tennis by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 173 subcategories, out of 173 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tennis_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Practice of medicine - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Practice_of_medicine
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Establishments in Chile - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/32px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Establishments_in_Chile
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Template Category class with class parameter matching title - Wikipedia,"Pages where has been used with a parameter matching the page title + + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 35,050 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Template_Category_class_with_class_parameter_matching_title
+en.wikipedia.org,Xenohormesis - Wikipedia,"is a hypothesis that posits that certain molecules such as plant , which indicate in the plants, can have benefits of another organism ( ) which consumes it. Or in simpler terms, xenohormesis is interspecies . The expected benefits include improve lifespan and fitness, by activating the animal's cellular stress response. + This may be useful to evolve, as it gives possible cues about the state of the environment. If the plants an animal is eating have increased polyphenol content, it means the plant is under stress and may signal famines. Using the chemical cues the heterotophs could preemptively prepare and defend itself before conditions worsen. A possible example may be , which is famously found in red wine, which modulates over two dozen receptors and enzymes in mammals. + Xenohormesis could also explain several phenomena seen in the ethno-pharmaceutical (traditional medicine) side of things. Such as in the case of , which in several studies have shown to help treat , but hasn't been confirmed in . This can be caused by the cinnamon used in one study differing from the other in xenohormic properties. + Some explanations as to why this works, is first and foremost, it could be a coincidence. Especially for cases which partially venomous products, cause a positive stress in the organism. The second is that it is a shared evolutionary attribute, as both animals and plants share a huge amount of between their pathways. The third is that there is evolutionary pressure to evolve to better respond to the molecules. The latter is proposed mainly by Howitz and his team. + There also might be the problem that our focus on maximizing the crop output, may be losing many of the xenohormetic advantages. Although the ideal conditions will cause the plant to increase its crop output it can also be argued it is loosing stress and therefore the hormesis. The may be caused by lack of consumption of stressed nutrients. + The term xenohormesis was first coined by Kondrad T. Howitz and , in the 2004 paper ""Small molecules that regulate lifespan: evidence for xenohormesis"". comes from greek, meaning foreign, and is the adaptive response of organisms and cells to stress. + There are many applications for this products, mainly found in the micronutrients. One of the most obvious ones is in the pharmaceutical section. Such as the which is synthesised from The density of this product also increases with stress, which is probably not a coincidence, however not in a case of mutualistic xenohormesis. + It has also been shown that it affects macro nutrients, cold shock may increase the level of unsaturated . + Some times xenohormesis is targeted to specific organisms. Such as in the case , which produce , which the ants consume, in turn protecting the tree. If a herbivore feeds on an Acacia, it will release more of these bodies. In turn attracting more ants and/or wasps. There are also many cases of mutualistic xenohormesis for the dispersal of a seeds and pollen. Though not all xenohormesis is mutualistic.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/C_Millas_D%27Oro_pinolillo.jpg/168px-C_Millas_D%27Oro_pinolillo.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Artemisia_annua.jpeg/188px-Artemisia_annua.jpeg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pseudomyrmex_ferruginea_Ryan_Somma-cropped.jpg/220px-Pseudomyrmex_ferruginea_Ryan_Somma-cropped.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenohormesis
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Genres - Wikipedia,"is a loose set of criteria for a category of composition; the term is often used to categorize literature and speech, but is also used for any other form of art or utterance. + This category has the following 22 subcategories, out of 22 total. + The following 30 pages are in this category, out of 30 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Genres
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages using new version of Template EstcatCountry - Wikipedia,"Pages using the new version of , i.e. + This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 28,490 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_new_version_of_Template_EstcatCountry
+en.wikipedia.org,Rabbi Zadok - Wikipedia,"( : ) was a of the second generation of the Tannaic era, a contemporary of and , descending from . + Rabbi Zadok was one of the notable Tannaim of his generation, and his opinion on many matters is often cited in the . + Forty years before the destruction of the , he observed fasts in order that might not be destroyed, and would eat only at night, and when the in order to destroy it, had only three requests from , and one of them was to give him medicine measures to heal Rabbi Zadok. The in tractate Gittin elaborates on the ways Rabbi Zadok was healed. + His son was Rabbi . + + This biographical article about a from the Middle East is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Star_of_David2.svg/30px-Star_of_David2.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbi_Zadok
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Meteoroid stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Meteoroid_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sports by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 86 subcategories, out of 86 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Teach-back method - Wikipedia,"The , also called the , is a communication confirmation method used by healthcare providers to confirm whether a patient (or care takers) understands what is being explained to them. If a patient understands, they are able to ""teach-back"" the information accurately. This is a communication method intended to improve . + There can be a significant gap in the perception of how much a patient needs information, or how effective a provider's communication is. This can be due to various reasons such as a patient not understanding medical terminology, not feeling comfortable asking questions or even cognitive impairment. Not only does the teach-back method help providers understand the patient's needs in understanding their care, it also allows providers to evaluate their communication skills. Case studies led by the on the informed consent processes of various hospitals found that those that effectively used the teach-back method benefited in areas of quality, patient safety, risk management and cost/efficiency. + The describes the practice as follows: + should use the method→ Any healthcare providers. E.g. physicians, nurses, healthcare professionals + should patients teach-back→Information about their diagnosis, treatment plan, medications, risks and benefit of treatment, etc. + to ask for teach-back→ Early in the care process + is it important→Many patients have difficulty understanding medical information. + →When asked to teach-back, patients should be able to clearly describe or explain the information provided to them. + +Depending on the patient's successful or unsuccessful teach-back, the provider will clarify or modify the information and reassess the teach-back to confirm the patient's comprehension and understanding. + The cycle of reassessing and teaching back to confirm comprehension has been found to improve knowledge retention and lower readmission rates in heart failure patients. + Beyond healthcare literacy, the teach-back method can be utilized in academic and professional settings as well. Teachers often create in which the instructor asks the student to share what they heard, and promote peer to peer coaching where students explain what they just learned to other students. Retention is also most positively impacted in environments, when students participate in group discussions, practice by doing, and teaching others.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teach-back_method
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Establishments by country - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 200 subcategories, out of 238 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Establishments_by_country
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:A-Class Baptist work group articles - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:A-Class_Baptist_work_group_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Beltian body - Wikipedia,"A is a detachable tip found on the pinnules of some species of and closely related genera. Beltian bodies, named after , are rich in , sugars and and often red in colour. They are believed to have evolved in a symbiotic relationship with . The ants live inside special plant structures ( ) or near the plant and keep away . + Other ant- related plant structures include , and . + Unique among spiders for its predominantly herbivorous diet, feeds almost exclusively on Beltian bodies. + + This article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/A-cornigera.jpg/220px-A-cornigera.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Doppelschraubel_%28inflorescence%29.svg/35px-Doppelschraubel_%28inflorescence%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_bodies
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Style - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to , the visual appearance of a work of that relates it to other works by the same artist or one from the same period, training, location, ""school"", or . + This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Style
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1230 establishments in England - Wikipedia,"The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1230_establishments_in_England
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Middle Eastern rabbi stubs - Wikipedia,": some of these stubs might be actually classified under . + This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 145 pages are in this category, out of 145 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Middle_Eastern_rabbi_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Meteorites articles - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 480 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Meteorites_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sports by type - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 55 subcategories, out of 55 total. + The following 28 pages are in this category, out of 28 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports_by_type
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Health education - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to . + This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total. + The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Health_education
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Establishments - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Establishments
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Baptist work group articles by quality - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Baptist_work_group_articles_by_quality
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Plant morphology stubs - Wikipedia,"The following 88 pages are in this category, out of 88 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Plant_morphology_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Cultural trends - Wikipedia,"Articles relating to cultural trends. + This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. + The following 38 pages are in this category, out of 38 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cultural_trends
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1230 establishments in Europe - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1230_establishments_in_Europe
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Middle Eastern religious biography stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 108 pages are in this category, out of 108 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Middle_Eastern_religious_biography_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Geology articles - Wikipedia,"Pages are automatically added to the category when their talk page is tagged with {{ }}, and are continually being . Therefore, this category may occasionally be empty; if this is the case, please don't delete it. Further categories can be accessed using the table to the right. + This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 28,126 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Geology_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sports - Wikipedia,"A consists of a physical activity or skill carried out under a publicly agreed set of rules, and with a recreational purpose: for competition, for self-enjoyment, to attain excellence, for the development of skill, or some combination of these. The difference of purpose is what characterises sport, combined with the notion of individual (or team) skill or prowess. + This category has the following 52 subcategories, out of 52 total. + The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports
+en.wikipedia.org,Social media use in health awareness - Wikipedia,"is being increasingly used for health awareness. It is not only used to promote health and wellness but also to motivate and guide public for various disease and ailments. Use of social media was proven to be cornerstone for awareness during COVID-19 management. In recent times, it is one of the most cost effective tool for cardiovascular health awareness since it can be used to motivate people for adoption of healthy lifestyle practices. Over the span of a decade, cardiologist Dr. utilized social media to significantly impact the public about cardiovascular health awareness. + Social media is proven to be useful for various chronic and incurable diseases where patients form groups and connect to each other for sharing of knowledge. Similarly health professionals, health institutions and various other individuals and organizations have their own social media accounts for health information, awareness, guidance or motivation for their patients. The utilization of social media for health awareness campaigns has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. The history of utilizing social media in health campaigns can be traced back to the early 2000s with the rise of platforms such as , , and . + especially for chronic diseases like Cancer and heart diseases are increasingly common on different social media platforms because Social media serves as a cost-effective medium for launching and promoting health campaigns. Many organizations and governmental bodies use platforms like Twitter and Instagram to reach a wide audience. + Patients increasingly turn to social media for and health-related information. , forums, and blogs enable individuals to share their experiences, offer support, and seek advice from peers. Healthcare professionals also use social media to provide valuable insights and address common health concerns. + While social media is a powerful tool for health awareness, it comes with challenges. can spread rapidly, potentially leading to incorrect or harmful health practices. Ensuring the accuracy of health-related information on social media is an ongoing concern. + The sharing of personal health information on social media raises privacy and ethical concerns. Striking a balance between raising awareness and respecting individuals' privacy remains a delicate issue.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_in_health_awareness
+en.wikipedia.org,Golf club (establishment) - Wikipedia,", in the context of establishments, refer to venues that encompass and often additional facilities such as clubhouses, dining areas, , and golf . These clubs can range from public access courses, where anyone can play for a fee, to private clubs with restricted membership and exclusive access. + The concept of golf clubs dates back to the 15th century in , with the establishment of the in 1552 being one of the earliest known instances. The formal organization of golf clubs began in the 18th century, with which holds claim to being the oldest golf society in the world. Additionally, the , founded in 1744, is also often cited as the oldest golf club. Initially, these clubs were exclusive gatherings of the elite, but over time, they evolved to cater to a broader segment of society. + Golf clubs play a crucial role in the social and professional development of the sport by providing venues for competition, fostering talent through access to high-quality coaching and junior programs, and contributing to the game's governance through adherence to rules and + Golf clubs are primarily categorized into private, semi-private, and public clubs. + Membership models vary widely among golf clubs, from equity memberships where members own a share of the club, to non-equity models where members pay fees for access without owning a stake. Some clubs offer lifetime memberships, while others operate on an annual renewal basis. Additional categories, such as junior, senior, and corporate memberships, cater to specific demographics. + Beyond the golf course, clubs may offer a range of facilities and services, including: + Many golf clubs host tournaments and other golfing events. These can range from casual social events to highly competitive tournaments. Some clubs have resident professionals who provide instruction and organize club tournaments. + Some of the world's most renowned golf clubs include , , , and . These clubs are celebrated for their rich histories, championship courses, and exclusive memberships.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/50px-Merge-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_club_(establishment)
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Baptist work group articles - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,060 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Baptist_work_group_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Plant stubs - Wikipedia,"Please use the following categories for different types of plants: ( .) + For related stubs, use rather than putting it in this category. For fossil plants use + This category has the following 16 subcategories, out of 16 total. + The following 41 pages are in this category, out of 41 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Plant_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Yoruba tribal marks - Wikipedia,"The are which are specific identification and beautification marks designed on the face or body of the . The tribal marks are part of the and are usually inscribed on the body by burning or cutting of the during childhood. +The primary function of the tribal marks is for identification of a person's tribe, family or heritage. Other secondary functions of the marks are symbols of beauty, Yoruba creativity and keeping mischievous children alive (ila Abiku). This practice was popular among Yoruba people of , , and . During the , tribal identification and facial stripes became important. Some repatriated slaves later reunited with their communities by looking at facial stripes. + However, the use of tribal marks is fading in Yoruba land due to colonialism and modernization. + In traditional Yoruba societies, every child is born into a patrilineal clan called idile baba in Yoruba language. The clan share clan names (orile), poetry (oriki), taboos (eewo) and facial marks (ila). The facial marks on the child assigns the child full clan membership rights. The children with facial marks are called Okola. Families or individuals lacking the normal features consistent with the tribe are not considered as acquiring full standing as agents in Yoruba society. They would also lack the capacity for meaningful behavior, such as greeting, stating and commanding. +Each of the had different inscription patterns which appears in different sizes and shapes at different locations within the face or body. The location and position of the mark's inscription depends on the tribe and culture. The tribal marks could be inscribed on the breast, arm, lap or buttocks, but they are usually on the face. + The Pele style of tribal mark is a three vertical lines inscribed on the cheeks. + Pele have different variants. The variants include; , a three vertical lines inscribed on the cheek. It is peculiar to the . and are other variants of Pele. Both variants are three short vertical lines inscribed on the cheeks. + Owu tribal marks consist of six incisions on each side of the cheeks and peculiar to the indigenes of Owu, a historical city in , the capital of . The Owu tribal mark was inscribed on the cheeks of , who was a former President of the . + The Gọmbọ style, also known as Kẹkẹ, consists of multiple straight and curved lines about a half of an inch apart inscribed on the cheeks on both sides of the mouth. Indigenes of in are usually identified by the Gombo or Kẹkẹ style of Yoruba tribal marks. + Abaja can be both a basic and also a complex style. In its basic form, it is either three or four horizontal stripes on the cheeks. +The Abaja style also consists of twelve horizontal lines, six lines per cheek. It is often referred to as ""Abaja Alaafin Mefa Mefa"". This tribal mark is unique to the indigenes of . +The Abaja style of Yoruba tribal mark was inscribed on the cheeks of , the . + Other Yoruba tribal marks include Ture, Mande, Bamu and Jamgbadi. + The use of tribal marks as a means of identification and beautification among the Yoruba tribe is no longer a norm and some Yoruba states have enacted certain laws that prohibit the use of the marks. Violators of the law are liable to fines and/or imprisonment. In , for example, the prohibition of tribal marks is an integral part of the state , a law that imposes a fine or one-month imprisonment or both for violation. According to the law ""No person shall tattoo or make a skin mark or cause any tattoo/skin mark to be made on a child"". Various pigments are typically injected into the dermis to create tribal markings. The most effective removal technique is a q-switched laser. + Some tribal marks are associated with the thrones of certain towns, so that whoever becomes the king is expected to have the tribal mark that is associated with this traditional office. For example, it is still very much expected in Iseyin, Oyo State, that any new king will have the Pele tribal mark.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Africa_Ife_Head_1_Kimbell.jpg/220px-Africa_Ife_Head_1_Kimbell.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Scarification_in_Africa_in_the_early_1940s.jpg/220px-Scarification_in_Africa_in_the_early_1940s.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Facialmarks2.jpg/220px-Facialmarks2.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_tribal_marks
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1230 in Europe - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1230_in_Europe
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Middle Eastern people stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total. + The following 54 pages are in this category, out of 54 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Middle_Eastern_people_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Geology - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. + The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Geology
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Works about sports - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 25 subcategories, out of 25 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Works_about_sports
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles citing publications with errata - Wikipedia,"This category contains pages that contains citations to papers with that have been (that is, the errata have been checked to either , or the article has been ). It is populated by {{ }}. If a paper has no erratum, remove the {{ }} template. + This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 694 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Category.svg/80px-Category.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_citing_publications_with_errata
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:All articles to be merged - Wikipedia,"This category contains all articles with or related templates on them. + + + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,797 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Mail-send-receive.svg/40px-Mail-send-receive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_merged
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Christianity articles - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 79,897 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Christianity_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Bikont stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bikont_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content - Wikipedia,"The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 35,387 total. . + The following 24 files are in this category, out of 24 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_links_to_subscription-only_content
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Years of the 13th century in Europe - Wikipedia,"Years of the in . + This category has the following 107 subcategories, out of 107 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_13th_century_in_Europe
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Middle East stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 28 subcategories, out of 28 total. + The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Middle_East_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Geosciences WikiProjects - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geosciences_WikiProjects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Sports in popular culture - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. + The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports_in_popular_culture
+en.wikipedia.org,Gliese 105 - Wikipedia,"(also known as ) is a triple in the of . It is located relatively near the at a distance of 23.6 light-years (7.2 parsecs). Despite this, even the brightest component is barely visible with the unaided eye . No planets have yet been detected around any of the in this system. + This is a triple system with three stars that are all less massive than the . The brightest component is designated HD 16160, and is known as Gliese 105 A. It is a , about 70% the mass of the Sun. This star is unusual because its eruptions appear to not conform to the Waldmeier effect—i.e., the strongest eruptions of HD 16160 are not the ones characterized by the fast eruption onset. + A nearby star has a similar to Gliese 105 A, so it is assumed to be physically associated with the primary, and is known as Gliese 105 B. The two have an estimated separation of 1,200 (au). It is a star whose brightness varies between 11.64 and 11.68 magnitudes; for that reason it has been given the designation BX Ceti. + A third companion, known as Gliese 105 C, lies much closer to A, currently at a distance of approximately 24 au. The pair A-C have an estimated orbital period of about 70 years. While detected directly, Gliese 105 C has also been observed to perturb Gliese 105 A from its usual position; from that, its orbit is estimated to have a high eccentricity of around 0.64 and a semimajor axis of 17 au. Gliese 105 C is an extremely faint . It is roughly 8 to 9 percent the mass of the Sun, and it is about 20,000 times fainter than its parent star in visible light—at a distance of 1 au (the distance from the Earth to the Sun) it would only be four times brighter than the full moon.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/20px-Jupiter_and_moon.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gliese_105.gif/350px-Gliese_105.gif|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cetus_constellation_map.svg/350px-Cetus_constellation_map.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Red_circle.svg/9px-Red_circle.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese_105
+en.wikipedia.org,Berkshire locomotive - Wikipedia,"A "" refers to a built with a wheel configuration. The design was initially intended to improve on the design ( ), which was deemed to lack sufficient speed and horsepower. That was overcome by the inclusion of a larger, 100-square-foot (9.3 m ) , requiring an extra trailing axle, giving the locomotive its distinctive . + The name of ""Berkshire"" was chosen for the 2-8-4 type based on the testing on the of the . After the Class A-1 successfully outperformed a Class H-10 Mikado, the Boston & Albany Railroad became the first to order the new Berkshires. Over 600 were built by the , the , and . A total of nineteen different railroads purchased Berkshires, including the , who owned 105 Berkshires, more than any other railroad; the , who nicknamed theirs the Kanawhas; and the , whose locomotives were technically designated as but were referred to as ""Big Emmas"". + Only two ""Berkshire"" type steam locomotives are in operating condition today: and . However, in February, 2016, the newly formed based out of , was established to restore back into operation. + This United States train or rolling stock-related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This steam locomotive-related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/50px-Merge-arrow.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/07_25_09_107x_-_Flickr_-_drewj1946.jpg/234px-07_25_09_107x_-_Flickr_-_drewj1946.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Icon_train_US.svg/40px-Icon_train_US.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg/40px-Stephenson%27s_Rocket_drawing.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshire_locomotive
+en.wikipedia.org,Talk:2 Kings 5 - Wikipedia,,https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/35px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/18px-Christian_cross.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bible-open.jpg/34px-Bible-open.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/22px-Star_of_David.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/65px-Star_of_David.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:2_Kings_5
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Eukaryote stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + The following 30 pages are in this category, out of 30 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Eukaryote_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,1935 Jérémie hurricane - Wikipedia,"The commonly referred to as the was a highly destructive and catastrophic that impacted the and in October 1935, killing well over 2,000 people. Developing on October 18 over the southwestern , the storm proceeded to eastern and southeastern while overwhelming southwestern Haiti in a deluge of rain. The hurricane—a at its peak—completed an unusual reversal of its path on October 23, heading southwestward toward Central America. Weakened by its interaction with Cuba, the storm soon regained strength and made its final landfall near in Honduras on October 25. The cyclone weakened upon moving inland and dissipated two days later. + Flooding and landslides in Jamaica took their toll on property, agricultural interests, and infrastructure; fruit growers on the island sustained about $2.5 million (1935 ) in losses. Just off the coast, an unidentified vessel went down with her entire crew in the hostile conditions. Strong winds buffeted coastal sections of Cuba, notably in and around . There, the hurricane demolished 100 homes and filled streets with debris. Only four people died in the country, thanks to the extensive pre-storm preparations. The storm did the most damage along the of southwestern Haiti, where catastrophic river flooding took the lives of up to 2,000 individuals, razed hundreds of native houses, and destroyed crops and livestock. The heaviest destruction took place around the towns of and ; one early report estimated that 1,500 had been killed at the latter. Entire swaths of countryside were isolated for days, delaying both reconnaissance and relief efforts. + The hurricane later created devastating floods in Central America, chiefly in Honduras. Reported at the time to be the worst flood in the nation's history, the disaster decimated banana plantations and population centers after rivers flowed up to 50 ft (15 m) above normal. Torrents of floodwaters trapped hundreds of citizens in trees, on rooftops, and on remote high ground, requiring emergency rescue. The storm left thousands homeless and around 150 dead in the country, while monetary losses totaled $12 million. Flooding and strong winds reached into northeastern Nicaragua, though damage was much less widespread than in neighboring Honduras. + The hurricane originated over the southwestern Caribbean Sea, where, on October 17, a broad and immature was noted. The in Jacksonville, Florida issued its first advisory on the storm late on October 20, following ship reports of winds approaching and exceeding . Contemporary reanalyses of the storm have determined that it organized into a tropical depression on October 18, then drifted toward the east, turning north-northeastward as it strengthened into a tropical storm early the next day. Due to low environmental air pressures and the large size of the cyclone, intensification was gradual as the storm approached , eventually making landfall on the eastern side of the island, just west of the , at 13:00 on October 21. The system came ashore with a central pressure of 995 (29.4 ), suggesting maximum winds of 60 mph (100 km/h). After emerging into the waters between Jamaica and , the storm slowed in forward speed, continued to intensify, and curved northwestward toward southeastern Cuba. The storm attained the equivalent of Category 1 hurricane status on the current-day early on October 22, while meandering just off the coast of Cuba. + At around 18:00 UTC on October 22, the hurricane made landfall near at its initial peak intensity, with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h). It started weakening early the next day after encountering the mountain range and moving southwestward, away from the coast. Steered by persistent high-pressure over the eastern United States and western Atlantic, the cyclone would maintain this highly unusual path for the remainder of its duration in open waters. It brushed Cuba's and deteriorated to a tropical storm before passing relatively close to the western tip of Jamaica. On the morning of October 24, the barometer aboard a ship in the storm's fell to 988 hPa (29.2 inHg), its lowest recorded pressure. The ship measured winds outside of the lull only up to 46 mph (74 km/h), but the storm was reintensifying, and once again achieved hurricane strength later in the day. It matched its previous peak intensity at 12:00 UTC on October 25 as it approached on the border of and . Shortly thereafter, the hurricane crossed the Honduran coast for its final landfall. The mountainous terrain of Central America worked to diminish the storm, which curved westward and steadily lost force, though observation of its decay was minimal. The cyclone likely dissipated on October 27 over Guatemala. + The hurricane affected Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba, Honduras, and North Nicaragua along its unusual path, killing an estimated 2,150 people. + Parts of eastern Jamaica began to experience strong northeasterly winds early on October 20, and the parishes of , , and ultimately bore the brunt of the storm. Heavy rainfall swelled rivers and triggered landslides; the ensuing floods destroyed bridges, inundated many homes, and necessitated the rescue of trapped individuals. With telegraph communications cut to the hardest-hit areas and roads left impassable, the degree of destruction was initially uncertain, though it was described as ""extensive"". The storm took a heavy toll on agriculture (already compromised from the effects of less than a month earlier), with banana plantations in particular sustaining heavy damage. Losses to fruit crops in the nation totaled an estimated $2,500,000. + The storm reportedly killed three people on the island. An unidentified schooner capsized off with all hands lost, in spite of efforts to rescue the imperiled crew. One modern source recounts that the crew numbered 31, but this figure was not widely reported. The , underway with , averted its course after encountering adverse conditions. + In advance of the hurricane's landfall in Cuba, businesses were closed. Railways worked to secure non-essential trains, and residents of vulnerable coastal towns, including , fled their homes in search of safer ground. The hurricane subjected eastern parts of the island to intense gales, measured at over 70 mph (110 km/h) at Santiago de Cuba before the failed. The northern coast of the island around also endured strong winds as high as 58 mph (93 km/h). Winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) were recorded at the , though the effects there were generally light. Closer to the hurricane's center, in Santiago de Cuba, about 100 homes sustained complete structural failures. The prolonged nature of the storm hampered search and rescue efforts amid the rubble. Winds strew debris around the city, blocking its streets. A hospital and a power plant both suffered roof failure. Electricity in Santiago de Cuba was preemptively turned off as conditions worsened, contributing to regional power outages. + Significant flooding occurred after the overflowed its banks, making driving impossible. The storm severed communications between towns in eastern Cuba after bringing down telephone and telegraph wires. Apart from seven structures ruined in the area, there was less destruction in many locations than initially feared. There were reports of three fatalities in Caimanera, and one person died in Santiago de Cuba. At least 29 individuals were treated for storm-related injuries. Damage assessments in the immediate aftermath of the storm placed monetary damages in Cuba at $500,000. In the aftermath, a public curfew was issued for Santiago de Cuba, forcing residents to remain indoors after 8 pm. To prevent looting, troops patrolled streets and vulnerable locations, such as banks. Supplies of bread and milk ran short following the hurricane. + The greatest disaster occurred in southern , where as many as 2,000 people died, possibly more. The towns of and —both on the —were devastated by catastrophic freshwater flooding after days of torrential rains. The entire peninsula, already remote in its own right, was isolated for a time, ensuring only scant detail of the disaster reached the outside world. Information was initially relayed to the capital city of by a single aircraft. + Populations of valley villages were believed to have been wiped out as rains sent the streams from the channels, demolishing the frail, thatched huts of the natives. + The hurricane crippled infrastructure, blocking roads throughout the area and destroying a plant in Jacmel. The town was left without power and drinking water. In Jérémie, the flooding was so severe as to sweep away a large metal bridge. Hundreds of poorly constructed native houses were destroyed on the Tiburon Peninsula, leaving thousands of survivors without homes. Property damage in Haiti amounted to over $1 million. Meanwhile, thousands of livestock were killed and crops were completely destroyed, prompting fears of impending famine. + Several days after the storm, the bodies of drowning victims had been recovered by the hundreds, and it was suspected many of the deceased had been washed into the sea. One preliminary estimate placed the number of dead in the Jérémie area alone at 1,500, suggesting the worst of the tragedy occurred there. Indeed, some modern sources have unofficially referred to the storm as . The Haitian government worked to bring emergency supplies and relief workers, at least partially by way of ship, to the flood-stricken region. As little was known about the extent of losses, officials rushed to restore communications with the disaster area. + After clearing the , the hurricane ravaged parts of Honduras. Banana plantations suffered extensively, causing the about $6 million in losses. As in Haiti, the hardest hit areas of Honduras were cut off from the nation's capital of . Severe river flooding wrought widespread destruction, especially around and throughout the . Many towns were inundated by up to 7 ft (2.1 m) of water. According to one source, the ""officially"" rose some 50 ft (15 m) from its normal height near , where the flood left 800 families homeless. Many hundreds of individuals were stranded by raging flood waters in the Cortés region, clutching to trees and rooftops as they awaited uncertain rescue. Even after rescue boats brought many residents of Chamelecón to safety, a third of the population remain trapped. + The rampant reportedly obliterated an entire suburban community further east, near La Ceiba, while the burst its banks at and killed numerous plantation workers. By October 29, the bodies of 70 flood victims had been recovered at Corocito in . Torrential rains extended into Tegucigalpa, causing . Just to the northeast, in , a large landslide took the lives of at least three people. Overall, the hurricane inflicted about $12 million in damage across Honduras (including the agricultural impacts), resulted in about 150 deaths, and destroyed the homes of thousands of residents. The floods were considered to be among the worst in the country's history. Almost immediately after the passage of the storm, a wide area of Honduras experienced strong earthquake activity. + Damaging, but less expansive, floods also occurred in parts of extreme northeastern around the . The , which constitutes a large portion of the Honduras–Nicaragua border, swelled 40 ft (12 m) as observed about 140 mi (230 km) upstream of its mouth. Banana farms were heavily damaged around Cabo Gracias a Dios, occupied by both nations, and according to early reports in that area, all but a handful of dwellings were destroyed. In spite of the flooding and hurricane-force winds, timely warnings prevented fatalities locally.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1935_Atlantic_hurricane_6_map_October_24.jpg/220px-1935_Atlantic_hurricane_6_map_October_24.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/1935_Atlantic_hurricane_6_track.png/275px-1935_Atlantic_hurricane_6_track.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/18px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/18px-Solid_black.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/18px-ArrowUp.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/1935_Atlantic_hurricane_6_map_October_22.jpg/220px-1935_Atlantic_hurricane_6_map_October_22.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/32px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/1935_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png/100px-1935_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie_hurricane
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:13th century in Europe - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 71 subcategories, out of 71 total. + The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:13th_century_in_Europe
+en.wikipedia.org,Women in Science Hall of Fame (U.S. State Department) - Wikipedia,"was established in 2010 by the Environment, Science, Technology, and Health Hub for the and to recognize the exceptional women scientists in this region of the world. + Annual awards were made 2011-2015 and coordinated by the U.S. Embassy in . + + This article related to is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This article about a scientific organization is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This science awards article is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This United States–related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This –related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by . This -related article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gentileschi%2C_Artemisia_-_Clio_-_1632.jpg/20px-Gentileschi%2C_Artemisia_-_Clio_-_1632.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Handshake_%28Workshop_Cologne_%2706%29.jpeg/30px-Handshake_%28Workshop_Cologne_%2706%29.jpeg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Science-symbol-2.svg/30px-Science-symbol-2.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Map-Region-Middle-East.png/40px-Map-Region-Middle-East.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Africa_stub_icon.svg/30px-Africa_stub_icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Science_Hall_of_Fame_(U.S._State_Department)
+en.wikipedia.org,"Category:Science, technology, and engineering WikiProjects - Wikipedia","This category has the following 23 subcategories, out of 23 total. + The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Science,_technology,_and_engineering_WikiProjects"
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Topics in popular culture - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 20 subcategories, out of 20 total. + The following 37 pages are in this category, out of 37 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Topics_in_popular_culture
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:TIC objects - Wikipedia,"This is a list of objects in the Input Catalogue + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 245 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:TIC_objects
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Steam locomotive stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 293 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Steam_locomotive_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:C-Class Judaism articles - Wikipedia,"This category contains articles that have assessed as "" "" on the assessment scale by the . Articles are automatically added to this category based on a parameter in the . + This category has only the following subcategory. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 2,920 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/60px-Star_of_David.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:C-Class_Judaism_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Biology stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 24 subcategories, out of 24 total. + The following 179 pages are in this category, out of 179 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Biology_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Infobase - Wikipedia,"is an American of databases, titles and textbooks geared towards the North American library, secondary school, and university-level curriculum markets. Infobase operates a number of prominent , including Facts On File, Films for the Humanities & Sciences, Cambridge Educational, Ferguson Publishing, , and Chelsea House (which also serves as the imprint for the special collection series, ""Bloom's Literary Criticism"", under the direction of ). + Facts On File has been publishing books since 1941. It was owned by from 1965 to 1993. The publisher publishes general reference and trade books. Facts On File acquired Ferguson Publishing, which specializes in career education works, in 2003. + Chelsea House was founded in 1966. It is known for multi-volume reference works. + The private equity firm bought Facts on File and Chelsea House in 2005. Infobase bought Films for the Humanities & Sciences in 2007 and the in 2009. Infobase acquired Learn360 in 2012. In 2017, Infobase acquired The Mailbox lesson plans and magazine. Veronis Suhler Stevenson sold Infobase to another private equity firm, Centre Lane Partners, in 2018. + Infobase acquired in 2018. was sold to in 2020. Infobase acquired careers website Firsthand (including Vault.com), in 2021. Infobase acquired in 2022. + As well as nonfiction works in print, Infobase and its imprints publish a selection of works in digital, audiovisual and formats. + + This article about a United States publishing company is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ec/Infobase_Infobase_logo.png/220px-Infobase_Infobase_logo.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Factory_USA.svg/30px-Factory_USA.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ISBN_with_EAN13.svg/30px-ISBN_with_EAN13.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infobase_Publishing
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:High Middle Ages - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/28px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:High_Middle_Ages
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Articles lacking reliable references from January 2020 - Wikipedia,"This category combines all articles lacking reliable references from January 2020 to enable us to work through the backlog more systematically. It is a member of . + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 640 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/View-refresh.svg/64px-View-refresh.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_January_2020
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Artificial Intelligence - Wikipedia,"is a which focuses on improving articles related to the field of . + + Welcome to the page. The goals of the project are to build a community of interest around artificial intelligence, and to provide a focal point for coordinating efforts to improve Wikipedia's artificial intelligence articles. The scope of the project includes all articles in the area of . + If you would like to participate in this project, then you can optionally add your name to the . Keep in touch with project developments by and joining discussions on the . + + + + + + A number of AI Researchers and practitioners have been invited to comment on articles using a mostly automated process involving , a bot of . + To help out with the these article requests, see: . + Looking for something to do? The current to-do list for the project consists of these tasks: + + + If none of those tasks sound appealing, then there are several places on Wikipedia where computer science related requests, suggestions and tasks have been collected together: + There are a few things that you should try to keep in mind while editing artificial intelligence articles. + One of the primary goals of this project is to make artificial intelligence articles , so you should make an effort to . + Try to ensure that every artificial intelligence article includes at least a few relevant references, and direct citations for anything that could be considered controversial. Wikipedia articles cannot be a substitute for a textbook (that is what is for), and references can give readers some idea of where they should go if they need more information than the article can provide. Just as important, providing further reading enables other editors to verify and to extend the given information, as well as to discuss the quality of a particular source. + You can find more information on citations and references, as well as several examples for how the cited literature should look, in the . Wikipedia's can be a good source of references and citations for artificial intelligence articles, as can and .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/45px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anatomy-1751201_1280.png/220px-Anatomy-1751201_1280.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anatomy-1751201_1280.png/40px-Anatomy-1751201_1280.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stock_post_message.svg/25px-Stock_post_message.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/WikiProject_Informatics_Floppy.svg/25px-WikiProject_Informatics_Floppy.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/20px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Book_icoline.svg/20px-Book_icoline.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gnome-applications-graphics.svg/20px-Gnome-applications-graphics.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg/20px-Ambox_globe_Asia_Australia.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/20px-System-users.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tango_atom.svg/20px-Tango_atom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg/20px-Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Artificial_Intelligence
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Topics in culture - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 46 subcategories, out of 46 total. + The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Topics_in_culture
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Astronomical catalogues of stars - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. + The following 50 pages are in this category, out of 50 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Astronomical_catalogues_of_stars
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Locomotive stubs - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. + The following 37 pages are in this category, out of 37 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Locomotive_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Judaism articles by quality - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 20 subcategories, out of 20 total. + This category contains only the following page. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Judaism_articles_by_quality
+en.wikipedia.org,Xenosome - Wikipedia,"A is a that lives in the body of some marine . It primarily refers to bacterial invaders of the of a single of marine . They are found in , sometimes with a role inside anaerobic ciliates. + In 1985, researcher John Corliss proposed to expand the definition of the term to include all -containing, membrane-bounded bodies or — or in original nature—found within the or of of any or all kinds, regardless of whether the occupation was temporary or permanent. + This article is a . You can help Wikipedia by .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg/30px-Blue_morpho_butterfly.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenosome
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:United States publishing company stubs - Wikipedia,"For articles about people in the publishing industry, please use {{ }}. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 313 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_publishing_company_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Middle Ages - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 23 subcategories, out of 23 total. + The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sub-arrows.svg/40px-Sub-arrows.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Middle_Ages
+en.wikipedia.org,Johann Cesar VI. Godeffroy - Wikipedia,"(7 July 1813 in – 9 February 1885 in ) was a German , and . + He was the founder of . + The Godeffroys were of . In 1737 they were forced to flee France to avoid religious persecution after events following the in 1685. The family sought asylum in Prussia and finally settled in the port city of Hamburg, founding a trading empire known as J.C. Godeffroy & Sohn. At first the trade was in Western Europe and the West Indies with textiles as export item; the goods returning to Hamburg included copper, coffee, wine, , and sugar from . Under Johann Cesar VI Godeffroy outposts were established in and in . He built a fleet of trading ships that, at its peak, numbered 29 deep water sailing vessels and some 100 smaller ships. Among these ships were the , , , , , , , and until the economic crisis of 1857, the renowned American-built clipper . In 1855, trade was expanded into the Pacific following negotiations by Godeffroy's agent in Valparaiso, August Unselm. He sailed out to the , , Fiji, and finally . + The trading business in the Pacific was very profitable and new outposts and plantations were established on many Pacific Islands. The goods were , and luxuries such as , as well as slaves (see ). In 1857, a central outpost, directing Pacific operations was established at . Johann Godeffroy was also able to take advantage of an immigration scheme to Southern Africa and between October 1859 and September 1883 no less than 36 ships sailed for southern Africa, bringing hundreds of German families to the , the , and . +After the , the firm supplemented its revenue by taking on passengers to the and the . The German imperial government utilized the Godeffroy company as part of its colonial policy in the Pacific Islands. Nevertheless, in 1878, the company went bankrupt due to speculations with German mining stocks and then emerged as , or DHPG, with continuity and management by Godeffroy personnel. + Johann Godeffroy attended the town school of of from about 1821 to 1830, as did his younger brothers and his older brother Gustav Adolph. He then trained at Parish & Co. whose owner Richard Parish was married to Susanne Godeffroy, a daughter of Peter Godeffroy, brother of his grandfather. An internship in England followed. Towards the end of 1835, he joined his father's company, ""J.C. Godeffroy & Sohn"" and on 1 January 1837 he became a shareholder. After the death of his father Johann Cesar Godeffroy (1781–1845) on 3 July 1845 he took over the company. In this year he was elected to the . +From 1846 the company negotiated partnerships and mergers with various companies notably ""Elb-Kupferwerk"" (copper ore processors) and (shipbuilders). In 1857 he took control of the newly established ""L. R. Beit, Gold- und Silber-Affinerie"" now . Other business arrangements were made with ""Tesdorf FJ & Son"", ""Elbhütte Affinir- und Handelsgesellschaft"" and ""Elb-Zuckersiederei"" (sugar refiners). In these years also co-founded the North German Bank and the North German Insurance Company. Due to lack of liquidity the company J.C. Godeffroy & Sohn at the end of 1879 began legal process with its creditors. This took over 30 years but finally in 1913 the company name ""J.C. Godeffroy & Sohn"" was erased from the Register. + On 2 February 1837 Johann Cesar Godeffroy married Emily Hanbury (1815–1894) whose family had close trading ties with . The couple had five children, with Johann Cesar Godeffroy (1838–1912), the eldest son. His brother Gustav Godeffroy was a Senator for the city of Hamburg in the and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of . His brother, Adolph Godeffroy in 1847 was co-founder of the passenger line ""Hamburg-Amerikanischen Packetfahrt-AG“ "" (HAPAG) and until 1880 the presiding director. + During the winter months the family lived in the upper floors of a house in the Old Wandrahm inside Hamburg, office spaces occupied the lower floor. This house was built around 1760. The rest of the year they lived far outside the city Dockenhuden, today a part of Blankenese in a cottage built by the Danish architect in 1789 . +Nearby, in the area known as Iserbrook, he planted extensive woodlands where Hamburg bourgeoisie, notably , , and were entertained at a tennis club. This is now Hirschpark . He also established a . +In June 1836 with his younger brother, Adolph, , Charles Parish, Dr. , Dr. and five other enthusiasts he founded the + . It is the oldest rowing club on the European continent and still exists today. +From 1859 to 1864 he sat as a member of the Hamburg Parliament. + Starting Pacific trading in and supported by merged, partner companies, share-holders (including ) and bankers in Hamburg and under the close direction of Johann Caesar Godeffroy the company was soon throughout the South Seas, with centres of operation at Apia and Valparaiso, and a fleet of trading barques, brigs and schooners, which traded through the islands from China to the Pacific coast flying the company colours – a white flag with a ribboned golden dove on a blue horizontal bar with golden stripes, below the bar is a blue inscription: ""J.C.G. & S. In Apia the company supplied arms and ammunition from an armaments subsidiary at . These were supplied to the warring factions on Apia in exchange for 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres) of the finest alluvial soil soon transformed into plantations of, mainly, copra or coconut oil, pearl-shell or sea-island cotton. These were worked by over 1,000 labourers imported from Melanesia. Another plantation of 1,200 hectares (3,000 acres) was later started at Yap in the and in 1873 trading posts were established in the . + In 1865 in the Ellice Group (now ) the company obtained a 25-year lease to the eastern islet of Niuoku of Atoll. For many years the islanders and the company argued over the lease, including its terms and the importation of labourers, however the company remained until the lease expired in 1890. + At Apia they had a shipbuilding yard and repairing sheds. The ships never insured and their captains were paid commission of three per cent, on the net profit of each voyage. Ships always left Apia under sealed orders to disguise their intentions from competitors. More innovative was the introduction of debased South American currencies as the sole means of exchange so controlling the money. + Beginning as a personal collection of birds, shells, fish, and other animals, as well as cultural objects from all localities visited by the Godeffroy ships, Godeffroy's natural history cabinet grew in size until it occupied a cluttered warehouse. It was time to find a proper place to house, list, organize, and finally display them to a fascinated public, and in 1860 Godeffroy wrote to Dr. (1833–1919) in Switzerland to request his services in founding a museum. The 28-year-old Swiss zoologist accepted and boarded a train for Hamburg in 1861. After a short time the was founded, and Graeffe was sent to the Pacific in October 1861 to supervise the acquisition of more material. Graeffe settled in Apia and directed the Godeffroy operations there for the next decade while also collecting in Tahiti, Fiji, Tonga, Australia, Samoa, and other South Pacific Islands. Other scientific collectors were hired by the company who, working in different areas of the Pacific Ocean, helped increase the holdings of the Museum with their successful collecting of birds, mammals, fishes, shells, butterflies, beetles and other insects, plants, and objects. The museum also functioned as a natural history dealership. On the establishment of the museum, Godeffroy was made an honorary member of the . + Johann Cesar VI. Godeffroy is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of lizard, .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Johann_Cesar_Godeffroy_VI..jpg/230px-Johann_Cesar_Godeffroy_VI..jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Godeffroy_Wappen.jpg/150px-Godeffroy_Wappen.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/House_Flag_of_JCGodeffroy%26Sohn.svg/150px-House_Flag_of_JCGodeffroy%26Sohn.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Cesar_%26_Helene._Wooden_Two_mast_ships_1856_J._C._Godeffroy%2C_Reiherstieg.jpg/230px-Cesar_%26_Helene._Wooden_Two_mast_ships_1856_J._C._Godeffroy%2C_Reiherstieg.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Old_WandrahmStrasse1880.jpg/230px-Old_WandrahmStrasse1880.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/DeutscheKonsulatsgebaudeApia.jpg/230px-DeutscheKonsulatsgebaudeApia.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JournalMuseumGodeffroyHeftXVIIFischederSudseeHeftIxITaf168.jpg/230px-JournalMuseumGodeffroyHeftXVIIFischederSudseeHeftIxITaf168.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Cesar_VI._Godeffroy
+en.wikipedia.org,Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science - Wikipedia,"Welcome to the page. The goals of the project are to build a community of interest around computer science, and to provide a focal point for coordinating efforts to improve Wikipedia's computer science articles. The scope of the project includes all articles in the area of , including and . + If you would like to participate in this project, then you can optionally add your name to the . Keep in touch with project developments by and joining discussions on the . + + + + + + + + + + + + See for a list of the participants in this project. Feel free to add yourself to the list. + Looking for something to do? The current to-do list for the project consists of these tasks: + + + If none of those tasks sound appealing, then there are several places on Wikipedia where computer science related requests, suggestions and tasks have been collected together: + There are a few things that you should try to keep in mind while editing computer science articles. + One of the primary goals of this project is to make computer science articles , so you should make an effort to . + Try to ensure that every computer science article includes at least a few relevant references, and direct citations for anything that could be considered controversial. Wikipedia articles cannot be a substitute for a textbook (that is what is for), and references can give readers some idea of where they should go if they need more information than the article can provide. Just as important, providing further reading enables other editors to verify and to extend the given information, as well as to discuss the quality of a particular source. + You can find more information on citations and references, as well as several examples for how the cited literature should look, in the . Wikipedia's can be a good source of references and citations for computer science articles, as can and .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/45px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Binario_cropped.png/40px-Binario_cropped.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stock_post_message.svg/25px-Stock_post_message.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/WikiProject_Informatics_Floppy.svg/25px-WikiProject_Informatics_Floppy.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/20px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Book_icoline.svg/20px-Book_icoline.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gnome-applications-graphics.svg/20px-Gnome-applications-graphics.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/20px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/System-users.svg/20px-System-users.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tango_atom.svg/20px-Tango_atom.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg/20px-Tango_style_Wikipedia_Icon.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science
+en.wikipedia.org,Zombie animal - Wikipedia,"In fiction, a is a non-human creature that becomes a . Numerous types of animals have been portrayed as zombies - a zombie dog appeared in the film in 1964, and an infected dog is the source of the zombie virus in (2007). (1984) features a scare from a zombie cat, as does . A scene featuring in the first is considered to be a seminal horror scene in . + While predominantly a fictional concept when applied to larger mammals, there have been instances of , such as ants and wasps, becoming ""zombies"" from a real world perspective. For example, the fungus is known to infect insects and change their behavior before their eventual death.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2014-02-16_Cordyceps_locustiphila_Henn_404101.jpg/220px-2014-02-16_Cordyceps_locustiphila_Henn_404101.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombie_animal
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Stars - Wikipedia,"This top-category page is for specific . + This category has the following 22 subcategories, out of 22 total. + The following 18 pages are in this category, out of 18 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/24px-He1523a.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Stars
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Locomotives - Wikipedia,"This category is the top level for locomotives. It is primarily intended for locomotive sub-categories. Only articles of a general locomotive nature should be grouped here; otherwise they should be categorised by country, railway, locomotive type, etc. + This category has the following 23 subcategories, out of 23 total. + The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. . + The following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Atlanta_roundhouse_ruin3.jpg/120px-Atlanta_roundhouse_ruin3.jpg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/East_and_West_Shaking_hands_at_the_laying_of_last_rail_Union_Pacific_Railroad_-_Restoration.jpg/120px-East_and_West_Shaking_hands_at_the_laying_of_last_rail_Union_Pacific_Railroad_-_Restoration.jpg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Locomotives
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Judaism articles - Wikipedia,"This category lists articles included in {{ }}. This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Judaism_articles
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Bacteria - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total. + The following 125 pages are in this category, out of 125 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Bacteria
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Mass media in the United States stubs - Wikipedia,"Because of the number of stubs associated with mass media, the following media-specific stub templates have been created. Please use them where appropriate {{ }}: + For other media, please also add a stub tag from + This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. + The following 12 pages are in this category, out of 12 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wiki_letter_s.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_s.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_United_States_stubs
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:1st millennium - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 32 subcategories, out of 32 total. + The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1st_millennium
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:Godefroy family - Wikipedia,"The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Godefroy_family
+en.wikipedia.org,Category:WikiProject Computer science participants - Wikipedia,"This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. + The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 272 total. .",https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg|https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.png|https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Computer_science_participants
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